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Other Income and Expense
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Income and Expense Disclosure Other income and expense
Three Months Ended
March 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)20232022
Equity in net income of partially-owned entities (1)
$340 $363 
Gains (losses) from fair value changes in separate account assets (2)
(25)(31)
Federal excise and capital taxes(5)(4)
Other(14)(16)
Total$296 $312 
(1)     Equity in net income of partially-owned entities includes mark-to-market gains on private equities where we own more than three percent of $242 million and $255 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This line item also includes net income of $14 million and $42 million attributable to our investments in Huatai for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(2)     Related to gains (losses) from fair value changes in separate account assets that do not qualify for separate account reporting under GAAP.
Other income and expense includes equity in net income of partially-owned entities, which includes our share of net income or loss, both underlying operating income and mark-to-market movement, related to partially-owned investment companies (private equity) and partially-owned insurance companies. Also included in Other income and expense are gains (losses) from fair value changes in separate account assets that do not qualify for separate account reporting under GAAP. The offsetting movement in the separate account liabilities is included in Policy benefits in the Consolidated statements of operations. Certain federal excise and capital taxes incurred as a result of capital management initiatives are included in Other income and expense as these are considered capital transactions and are excluded from underwriting results. Bad debt expense for uncollectible premiums is also included in Other income and expense.