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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 1-08940
Altria Group, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Virginia |  |  | 13-3260245 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
6601 West Broad Street, | Richmond, | Virginia | 23230 |
(Address of principal executive offices) |  |  | (Zip Code) |

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (804) 274-2200
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbols | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.33 1/3 par value | MO | New York Stock Exchange
1.000% Notes due 2023 | MO23A | New York Stock Exchange
1.700% Notes due 2025 | MO25 | New York Stock Exchange
2.200% Notes due 2027 | MO27 | New York Stock Exchange
3.125% Notes due 2031 | MO31 | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | þ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No þ
At April 21, 2020, there were 1,858,368,058 shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.33 1/3 per share.

Table of Contents
ALTRIA GROUP, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  |  |  | Page No.
PART I - |  | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |  |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 |  | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 |  | 5
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 |  | 6
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 |  | 7
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 |  | 8
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 10
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 49
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 82
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 82
PART II - |  | OTHER INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 82
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 82
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 85
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 86
Signature |  | Signature |  | 87

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
Altria Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in millions of dollars)
(Unaudited)

|  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Assets |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 5,616 |  |  | $ | 2,117 |
Receivables |  | 147 |  |  | 152 |
Inventories: |  |  |  |
Leaf tobacco |  | 895 |  |  | 874 |
Other raw materials |  | 193 |  |  | 192 |
Work in process |  | 467 |  |  | 696 |
Finished product |  | 451 |  |  | 531 |
|  | 2,006 |  |  | 2,293 |
Other current assets |  | 166 |  |  | 262 |
Total current assets |  | 7,935 |  |  | 4,824 |
Property, plant and equipment, at cost |  | 5,103 |  |  | 5,074 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  | 3,106 |  |  | 3,075 |
|  | 1,997 |  |  | 1,999 |
Goodwill |  | 5,177 |  |  | 5,177 |
Other intangible assets, net |  | 12,668 |  |  | 12,687 |
Investments in equity securities |  | 23,861 |  |  | 23,581 |
Other assets |  | 980 |  |  | 1,003 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 52,618 |  |  | $ | 49,271 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Altria Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Continued)
(in millions of dollars, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)

|  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Short-term borrowings |  | $ | 3,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Current portion of long-term debt |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |
Accounts payable |  | 278 |  |  | 325 |
Accrued liabilities: |  |  |  |
Marketing |  | 467 |  |  | 393 |
Settlement charges |  | 4,419 |  |  | 3,346 |
Other |  | 1,032 |  |  | 1,533 |
Income taxes |  | 393 |  |  | 12 |
Dividends payable |  | 1,565 |  |  | 1,565 |
Total current liabilities |  | 11,154 |  |  | 8,174 |
Long-term debt |  | 26,971 |  |  | 27,042 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 5,191 |  |  | 5,083 |
Accrued pension costs |  | 427 |  |  | 473 |
Accrued postretirement health care costs |  | 1,798 |  |  | 1,797 |
Other liabilities |  | 402 |  |  | 345 |
Total liabilities |  | 45,943 |  |  | 42,914 |
Contingencies (Note 11) |  |  |  |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest |  | 38 |  |  | 38 |
Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |
Common stock, par value $0.33 1/3 per share (2,805,961,317 shares issued) |  | 935 |  |  | 935 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 5,959 |  |  | 5,970 |
Earnings reinvested in the business |  | 36,528 |  |  | 36,539 |
Accumulated other comprehensive losses |  | (2,533 | ) |  | (2,864 | )
Cost of repurchased stock (947,593,259 shares at March 31, 2020 and 947,979,763 shares at December 31, 2019) |  | (34,346 | ) |  | (34,358 | )
Total stockholders’ equity attributable to Altria |  | 6,543 |  |  | 6,222 |
Noncontrolling interests |  | 94 |  |  | 97 |
Total stockholders’ equity |  | 6,637 |  |  | 6,319 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  | $ | 52,618 |  |  | $ | 49,271 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Altria Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings
(in millions of dollars, except per share data)
(Unaudited)

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net revenues |  | $ | 6,359 |  |  | $ | 5,628 |
Cost of sales |  | 2,173 |  |  | 1,578 |
Excise taxes on products |  | 1,313 |  |  | 1,239 |
Gross profit |  | 2,873 |  |  | 2,811 |
Marketing, administration and research costs |  | 537 |  |  | 533 |
Asset impairment and exit costs |  | — |  |  | 40 |
Operating income |  | 2,336 |  |  | 2,238 |
Interest and other debt expense, net |  | 275 |  |  | 384 |
Net periodic benefit income, excluding service cost |  | (27 | ) |  | (1 | )
Earnings from equity investments |  | (157 | ) |  | (86 | )
Loss on Cronos-related financial instruments |  | 137 |  |  | 425 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | 2,108 |  |  | 1,516 |
Provision for income taxes |  | 558 |  |  | 395 |
Net earnings |  | 1,550 |  |  | 1,121 |
Net (earnings) losses attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | 2 |  |  | (1 | )
Net earnings attributable to Altria |  | $ | 1,552 |  |  | $ | 1,120 |
Per share data: |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to Altria |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Altria Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings
(in millions of dollars)
(Unaudited)

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net earnings |  | $ | 1,550 |  |  | $ | 1,121 |
Other comprehensive earnings (losses), net of deferred income taxes: |  |  |  |
Benefit plans |  | 21 |  |  | 29 |
ABI |  | 298 |  |  | (199 | )
Currency translation adjustments and other |  | 12 |  |  | — |
Other comprehensive earnings (losses), net of deferred income taxes |  | 331 |  |  | (170 | )
Comprehensive earnings |  | 1,881 |  |  | 951 |
Comprehensive (earnings) losses attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | 2 |  |  | (1 | )
Comprehensive earnings attributable to Altria |  | $ | 1,883 |  |  | $ | 950 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Altria Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019
(in millions of dollars, except per share data)
(Unaudited)

|  | Attributable to Altria |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Earnings Reinvested in the Business |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses |  | Cost of Repurchased Stock |  | Non-controlling Interests |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balances, December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 935 |  |  | $ | 5,970 |  |  | $ | 36,539 |  |  | $ | (2,864 | ) |  | $ | (34,358 | ) |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 6,319 |
Net earnings (1) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,552 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 1,549 |
Other comprehensive earnings (losses), net of deferred income taxes |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 331 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 331 |
Stock award activity |  | — |  |  | (11 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Cash dividends declared ($0.84 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,563 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,563 | )
Balances, March 31, 2020 |  | $ | 935 |  |  | $ | 5,959 |  |  | $ | 36,528 |  |  | $ | (2,533 | ) |  | $ | (34,346 | ) |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 6,637 |

|  | Attributable to Altria |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Earnings Reinvested in the Business |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses |  | Cost of Repurchased Stock |  | Non-controlling Interests |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balances, December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 935 |  |  | $ | 5,961 |  |  | $ | 43,962 |  |  | $ | (2,547 | ) |  | $ | (33,524 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 14,789 |
Net earnings (1) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,120 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,120 |
Other comprehensive earnings (losses), net of deferred income taxes |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (170 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (170 | )
Stock award activity |  | — |  |  | (18 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | (7 | )
Cash dividends declared ($0.80 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,500 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,500 | )
Repurchases of common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (151 | ) |  | — |  |  | (151 | )
Balances, March 31, 2019 |  | $ | 935 |  |  | $ | 5,943 |  |  | $ | 43,582 |  |  | $ | (2,717 | ) |  | $ | (33,664 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 14,081 |

(1) | Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 exclude net earnings of $1 million due to the redeemable noncontrolling interest related to Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars, which is reported in the mezzanine equity section on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Altria Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in millions of dollars)
(Unaudited)

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 1,550 |  |  | $ | 1,121 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to operating cash flows: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 65 |  |  | 53 |
Deferred income tax provision (benefit) |  | 26 |  |  | (72 | )
Earnings from equity investments |  | (157 | ) |  | (86 | )
Loss on Cronos-related financial instruments |  | 137 |  |  | 425 |
Asset impairment and exit costs, net of cash paid |  | (23 | ) |  | 17 |
Cash effects of changes: |  |  |  |
Receivables |  | 5 |  |  | (16 | )
Inventories |  | (5 | ) |  | (25 | )
Accounts payable |  | (45 | ) |  | (189 | )
Income taxes |  | 495 |  |  | 471 |
Accrued liabilities and other current assets |  | (421 | ) |  | (513 | )
Accrued settlement charges |  | 1,073 |  |  | 913 |
Pension plan contributions |  | (4 | ) |  | (3 | )
Pension provisions and postretirement, net |  | (20 | ) |  | (8 | )
Other, net |  | 453 |  |  | 201 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | 3,129 |  |  | 2,289 |
Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | (52 | ) |  | (38 | )
Investment in Cronos |  | — |  |  | (1,831 | )
Other, net |  | — |  |  | (81 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  | $ | (52 | ) |  | $ | (1,950 | )

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Altria Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)
(in millions of dollars)
(Unaudited)

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities |  |  |  |
Proceeds from short-term borrowings |  | $ | 3,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Repayment of short-term borrowings |  | — |  |  | (12,800 | )
Long-term debt issued |  | — |  |  | 16,265 |
Long-term debt repaid |  | (1,000 | ) |  | — |
Repurchases of common stock |  | — |  |  | (151 | )
Dividends paid on common stock |  | (1,563 | ) |  | (1,502 | )
Other, net |  | (10 | ) |  | (129 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | 427 |  |  | 1,683 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: |  |  |  |
Increase (decrease) |  | 3,504 |  |  | 2,022 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | 2,160 |  |  | 1,433 |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 5,664 |  |  | $ | 3,455 |
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the amounts reported on Altria’s condensed consolidated balance sheets:
|  | At March 31, 2020 |  | At December 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 5,616 |  |  | $ | 2,117 |
Restricted cash included in other current assets (1) |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Restricted cash included in other assets (1) |  | 45 |  |  | 43 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | $ | 5,664 |  |  | $ | 2,160 |

(1) | Restricted cash consisted of cash deposits collateralizing appeal bonds posted by PM USA to obtain stays of judgments pending appeals. See Note 11. Contingencies.

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Altria Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Background and Basis of Presentation:
Background
When used in these notes, the term "Altria” refers to Altria Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise specified or unless otherwise required.
At March 31, 2020, Altria Group, Inc.’s wholly-owned subsidiaries included Philip Morris USA Inc. (“PM USA”), which is engaged in the manufacture and sale of cigarettes in the United States; John Middleton Co. (“Middleton”), which is engaged in the manufacture and sale of machine-made large cigars and pipe tobacco and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of PM USA; Sherman Group Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries (“Nat Sherman”), which are engaged in the manufacture and sale of super premium cigarettes and the sale of premium cigars; UST LLC (“UST”), which through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company LLC (“USSTC”) and Ste. Michelle Wine Estates Ltd. (“Ste. Michelle”), is engaged in the manufacture and sale of moist smokeless tobacco (“MST”) and snus products and wine; and Philip Morris Capital Corporation (“PMCC”), which maintains a portfolio of finance assets, substantially all of which are leveraged leases. In addition, Altria owned an 80% interest in Helix Innovations LLC (“Helix”), which is engaged in the manufacture and sale of oral nicotine pouches. Other Altria wholly-owned subsidiaries included Altria Group Distribution Company, which provides sales and distribution services to certain Altria operating subsidiaries, and Altria Client Services LLC, which provides various support services in areas such as legal, regulatory, consumer engagement, finance, human resources and external affairs to Altria and its subsidiaries. Altria’s access to the operating cash flows of its wholly-owned subsidiaries consists of cash received from the payment of dividends and distributions, and the payment of interest on intercompany loans by its subsidiaries. At March 31, 2020, Altria’s significant wholly-owned subsidiaries were not limited by long-term debt or other agreements in their ability to pay cash dividends or make other distributions with respect to their equity interests.
At March 31, 2020, Altria had a 10.1% ownership in Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV (“ABI”), which Altria accounts for under the equity method of accounting using a one-quarter lag. Altria receives cash dividends on its interest in ABI and will continue to do so as long as ABI pays dividends.
At March 31, 2020, Altria had a 35% economic interest in JUUL Labs, Inc. (“JUUL”), which Altria accounts for as an investment in an equity security. JUUL is engaged in the manufacture and sale of e-vapor products globally and is the U.S. leader in e-vapor.
During the third quarter of 2019, Helix acquired Burger Söhne Holding and its subsidiaries as well as certain affiliated companies (the “Burger Group”) that are engaged in the manufacture and sale of on! oral nicotine pouches. At closing, Altria indirectly owned an 80% interest in Helix, for which Altria paid $353 million in third quarter of 2019. The financial results of Helix are included in Altria’s condensed consolidated financial statements as part of its oral tobacco products segment (formerly smokeless products segment), with the 20% minority ownership interest in Helix (held by the former shareholders of the Burger Group) included as a noncontrolling interest. The final purchase price allocation, which is subject to post-closing adjustments, will be completed by the third quarter of 2020.
In March 2019, Altria completed its acquisition of a 45% ownership in Cronos Group Inc. (“Cronos”), a global cannabinoid company headquartered in Toronto, Canada. At March 31, 2020, Altria had a 45% ownership in Cronos, which Altria accounts for under the equity method of accounting using a one-quarter lag.
For further discussion of Altria’s investments in equity securities, see Note 4. Investments in Equity Securities.
Share Repurchases
In January 2018, Altria’s Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors”) authorized a new $1.0 billion share repurchase program that it expanded to $2.0 billion in May 2018 (as expanded, the “January 2018 share repurchase program”). In June 2019, Altria completed the January 2018 share repurchase program, under which it purchased a total of 34.0 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $58.86 per share.
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In July 2019, the Board of Directors authorized a new $1.0 billion share repurchase program (the “July 2019 share repurchase program”). During the first quarter of 2020, there were no share repurchases made under the July 2019 share repurchase program. In April 2020, the Board of Directors rescinded the $500 million remaining in the July 2019 share repurchase program to strengthen Altria’s liquidity position amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
Altria’s share repurchase activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was as follows:

(in millions, except per share data) |  | 2019
Total number of shares repurchased |  | 2.7 |
Aggregate cost of shares repurchased |  | $ | 151 |
Average price per share of shares repurchased |  | $ | 56.34 |

Basis of Presentation
The interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Altria are unaudited. It is the opinion of Altria’s management that all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the interim results presented have been reflected in the interim condensed consolidated financial statements. All such adjustments were of a normal recurring nature. Net revenues and net earnings for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire year.
In the first quarter of 2020, Altria renamed its smokeless products segment as the oral tobacco products segment.
These statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, which appear in Altria’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
On January 1, 2020, Altria adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments and all related ASU amendments (collectively “ASU No. 2016-13”). This guidance replaces the current incurred loss impairment methodology for recognizing credit losses for financial assets with a methodology that reflects the entity’s current estimate of all expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information for estimating credit losses. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 did not have a material impact on Altria’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Additionally, on January 1, 2020, Altria adopted ASU No. 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (“ASU No. 2018-15”). This guidance aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The adoption of ASU No. 2018-15 did not have a material impact on Altria’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
For a description of issued accounting guidance applicable to, but not yet adopted by, Altria, see Note 13. New Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted.
Certain immaterial prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year’s presentation.
Note 2. Revenues from Contracts with Customers:
Altria disaggregates net revenues based on product type. For further discussion, see Note 9. Segment Reporting.
Altria’s businesses offer cash discounts to customers for prompt payment and calculate cash discounts as a percentage of the list price based on historical experience and agreed-upon payment terms. Altria’s businesses record an allowance for cash discounts, which is included as a contra-asset against receivables on Altria’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Cash discounts at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were de minimis, and there were no differences between amounts recorded as an allowance for cash discounts and cash discounts subsequently given to customers.
Altria’s businesses that receive payments in advance of product shipment record such payments as deferred revenue. These payments are included in other accrued liabilities on Altria’s condensed consolidated balance sheets until control of such products is obtained by the customer. Deferred revenue was $219 million and $362 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. When cash is received in advance of product shipment, Altria’s businesses satisfy their performance
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obligations within three days of receiving payment. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no differences between amounts recorded as deferred revenue and amounts subsequently recognized as revenue.
Receivables, which primarily reflect sales of wine produced and/or distributed by Ste. Michelle, were $147 million and $152 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no expected differences between amounts recorded and subsequently received, and Altria’s businesses did not record an allowance for doubtful accounts against these receivables.
Altria’s businesses record an allowance for returned goods, which is included in other accrued liabilities on Altria’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. While all of Altria’s tobacco operating companies sell tobacco products with dates relative to freshness as printed on product packaging, it is USSTC’s policy to accept authorized sales returns from its customers for products that have passed such dates due to the limited shelf life of USSTC’s MST and snus products. Altria’s businesses record estimated sales returns, which are based principally on historical volume and return rates, as a reduction to revenues. Actual sales returns will differ from estimated sales returns to the extent actual results differ from estimated assumptions. Altria’s businesses reflect differences between actual and estimated sales returns in the period in which the actual amounts become known. These differences, if any, have not had a material impact on Altria’s condensed consolidated financial statements. All returned goods are destroyed upon return and not included in inventory. Consequently, Altria’s businesses do not record an asset for their right to recover goods from customers upon return.
Sales incentives include variable payments related to goods sold by Altria’s businesses. Altria’s businesses include estimates of variable consideration as a reduction to revenues upon shipment of goods to customers. The sales incentives that require significant estimates and judgments are as follows:
Price promotion payments- Altria’s businesses make price promotion payments, substantially all of which are made to their retail partners, to incent the promotion of certain product offerings in select geographic areas.
Wholesale and retail participation payments- Altria’s businesses make payments to their wholesale and retail partners to incent merchandising and sharing of sales data in accordance with each business’s trade agreements.
These estimates primarily include estimated wholesale to retail sales volume and historical acceptance rates. Actual payments will differ from estimated payments to the extent actual results differ from estimated assumptions. Differences between actual and estimated payments are reflected in the period such information becomes available. These differences, if any, have not had a material impact on Altria’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Note 3. Asset Impairment, Exit and Implementation Costs:
Pre-tax asset impairment, exit and implementation costs consisted of the following:

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  | Implementation Costs (1) |  | Total |  | Asset Impairment and Exit Costs |  | Implementation Costs (1) |  | Total
| (in millions)
Smokeable products |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 44 |
Oral tobacco products |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |
Wine |  | 392 |  |  | 392 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
All other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5 | )
General corporate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Total |  | 392 |  |  | 392 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 49 |
Plus amounts included in net periodic benefit income, excluding service cost (2) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Total |  | $ | 392 |  |  | $ | 392 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 61 |

(1) Included in cost of sales for 2020 and marketing, administration and research costs for 2019 in Altria’s condensed consolidated statements of earnings.
(2) Represents curtailment costs. See Note 6. Benefit Plans.

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Implementation costs for 2020 were related to Ste. Michelle’s inventory-related charges, as discussed below. The 2019 pre-tax asset impairment, exit and implementation costs were related to the cost reduction program, which was completed in 2019.
The movement in the restructuring liabilities, substantially all of which were severance liabilities, related to the cost reduction program was as follows:

| (in millions)
Balances at December 31, 2019 | $ | 67 |
Charges | — |
Cash spent | (23 | )
Balances at March 31, 2020 | $ | 44 |

Wine Business Strategic Reset
Evolving adult consumer preferences have posed strategic challenges for Ste. Michelle, which has seen slowing growth in the wine category and increased inventory levels in recent periods. Against a backdrop of product volume demand uncertainty and long-term non-cancelable grape purchase commitments, which have been further negatively impacted by the economic uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, Ste. Michelle has experienced additional increases in inventory levels that at March 31, 2020 significantly exceed long-term forecasted demand.
As a result, in connection with the preparation of Altria’s first quarter financial statements, Ste. Michelle recorded pre-tax charges of $392 million, which were included in cost of sales in Altria’s condensed consolidated statement of earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The charges consisted of the following: (i) write-off of inventory ($292 million) as Ste. Michelle no longer believes that the benefit of the blending and production plans for its inventory outweighs inventory carrying cost given the reduced product volume demand; and (ii) estimated losses on future non-cancelable grape purchase commitments that Ste. Michelle believes no longer have a future economic benefit ($100 million). Such commitments will continue to require cash payments as grape commitments are fulfilled over the next five years.
Given such uncertainty in economic conditions and product volume demand, as well as long-term supply-side contractual challenges, Altria and Ste. Michelle undertook a review of the wine business. As a result, Altria and Ste. Michelle implemented a strategic reset in order to maximize Ste. Michelle’s profitability and achieve improved long-term cash-flow generation. This strategic reset includes: (i) an updated approach to forecasting demand; (ii) supply chain optimization; (iii) SKU rationalization to reduce the number of products and eliminate underperforming brands; and (iv) streamlining operations by reducing future capital expenditures, working capital requirements and ongoing operating costs.
Additionally, Ste. Michelle expects to record additional charges of approximately $25 million during the remainder of 2020, consisting of inventory disposal costs and other charges.
Note 4. Investments in Equity Securities:
Altria’s investments consisted of the following:

|  | Carrying Amount
|  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  | (in millions)
ABI |  | $ | 18,453 |  |  | $ | 18,071 |
JUUL |  | 4,205 |  |  | 4,205 |
Cronos (1) |  | 1,203 |  |  | 1,305 |
Total |  | $ | 23,861 |  |  | $ | 23,581 |

(1) March 31, 2020 includes Altria’s equity method investment in Cronos ($1,037 million), the Cronos warrant ($132 million) and the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights ($34 million) and December 31, 2019 includes Altria’s equity method investment in Cronos ($1,002 million), the Cronos warrant ($234 million) and the Fixed -price Preemptive Rights ($69 million), as discussed further below.
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Earnings from equity investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting consisted of the following:

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  | (in millions)
ABI |  | $ | 134 |  |  | $ | 86 |
Cronos (1) |  | 23 |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 86 |

(1) Represents Altria’s share of Cronos’s earnings, which includes the change in fair value of Cronos’s derivative financial instruments associated with the issuance of additional shares. As a result of the acquisition of Cronos in March 2019 and Altria reporting its share of Cronos’s results using a one-quarter lag, no equity earnings from Altria’s investment in Cronos were recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2019.
Altria reviews its equity investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting (ABI and Cronos) for impairment on a quarterly basis in connection with the preparation of its financial statements by comparing the fair value of each of its investments to its respective carrying value. If the carrying value of an investment exceeds its fair value and the loss in value is other than temporary, the investment is considered impaired and reduced to fair value, and the impairment is recognized in the period identified. For further discussion, see Investment in ABI and Investment in Cronos below.
Investment in ABI
At March 31, 2020, Altria had a 10.1% ownership in ABI, consisting of 185 million restricted shares of ABI (the “Restricted Shares”) and 12 million ordinary shares of ABI. Altria accounts for its investment in ABI under the equity method of accounting because Altria has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of ABI, including having active representation on ABI’s board of directors (“ABI Board”) and certain ABI Board committees. Through this representation, Altria participates in ABI policy making processes.
Altria reports its share of ABI’s results using a one-quarter lag because ABI’s results are not available in time for Altria to record them in the concurrent period.
The fair value of Altria’s equity investment in ABI is based on (i) unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for ABI’s ordinary shares and was classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy and (ii) observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets for the Restricted Shares, and was classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Altria may, in certain instances, pledge or otherwise grant a security interest in all or part of its Restricted Shares. In the event the pledgee or security interest holder forecloses on the Restricted Shares, the relevant Restricted Shares will be automatically converted, one-for-one, into ordinary shares. Therefore, the fair value of each Restricted Share is based on the value of an ordinary share.
The fair value of Altria’s equity investment in ABI at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $8.8 billion (carrying value of $18.5 billion) and $16.1 billion (carrying value of $18.1 billion), respectively, which was less than its carrying by approximately 52% and 11%, respectively. As recently as September 30, 2019, the fair value of Altria’s equity investment in ABI exceeded its carrying value. In October 2019, the fair value of Altria’s equity investment in ABI declined below its carrying value and has not recovered. Altria has evaluated the factors related to the fair value decline, including the recent impact on the fair value of ABI’s shares amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, which has impacted the equity markets. Altria has also evaluated ABI’s financial condition and near-term prospects, and Altria’s intent and ability to hold its investment in ABI until recovery. Altria concluded at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the decline in fair value of its investment in ABI below its carrying value was temporary and, therefore, no impairment was recorded.
Consistent with the one-quarter lag for reporting ABI’s results in Altria’s financial results, in the second quarter of 2020 Altria will record its share of ABI’s first quarter 2020 net mark-to-market losses on certain ABI financial instruments associated with ABI’s share commitments, primarily related to ABI’s derivative financial instruments used to hedge exposure to approximately 100 million shares of ABI common stock. Such activity is primarily driven by the change in ABI’s share price, which decreased from €72.71 to €40.47 at December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2020, respectively.
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Investment in JUUL
In December 2018, Altria made a minority investment in JUUL for $12.8 billion. In exchange for the investment, Altria received a 35% economic interest in JUUL through non-voting shares, which are convertible at Altria’s election into voting shares (“Share Conversion”), and for no additional payment, a security convertible into additional non-voting or voting shares, as applicable, upon settlement or exercise of certain JUUL convertible securities (the “JUUL Transaction”). During 2019, Altria recorded total pre-tax impairment charges of $8.6 billion related to its investment in JUUL resulting in a $4.2 billion carrying value of its investment in JUUL at December 31, 2019.
Altria received a broad preemptive right to purchase JUUL shares, exercisable each quarter upon dilution, to maintain its ownership percentage and is subject to a standstill restriction under which it may not acquire additional JUUL shares above its 35% interest. Furthermore, Altria agreed not to sell or transfer any of its JUUL shares until December 20, 2024.
On January 28, 2020, Altria and JUUL amended certain JUUL Transaction agreements and entered into a new cooperation agreement, which included the following provisions:

▪ | Altria will continue to provide regulatory affairs support for JUUL’s pursuit of its pre-market tobacco applications (PMTA) and/or its modified risk tobacco products authorization (MRTP) and discontinued all other services as of March 31, 2020;

▪ | Altria will have the option to be released from its non-compete obligation (i) in the event JUUL is prohibited by federal law from selling e-vapor products in the U.S. for a continuous period of at least 12 months (subject to tolling of this period in certain circumstances) or (ii) if the carrying value of Altria’s investment in JUUL is not more than 10% of its initial carrying value of $12.8 billion;

▪ | Altria and JUUL agreed that for a period of one year they will not pursue any litigation against each other in connection with any conduct that occurred prior to the date of such cooperation agreement, with statutes of limitation being tolled during the one-year period;

▪ | with respect to certain litigation in which Altria and JUUL are both defendants against third-party plaintiffs, Altria will not pursue any claims against JUUL for indemnification or reimbursement except for any non-contractual claims for contribution or indemnity where a judgment has been entered against Altria and JUUL; and

▪ | upon Share Conversion, JUUL will:

▪ | restructure JUUL’s current seven-member Board of Directors to a nine-member board that will include independent board members. The new structure will include: (i) three independent directors (one of whom will be designated by Altria and two of whom will be designated by JUUL stockholders other than Altria) unanimously certified as independent by a nominating committee, which will include at least one Altria designee, (ii) two directors designated by Altria, (iii) three directors designated by JUUL stockholders other than Altria, and (iv) the JUUL Chief Executive Officer; and

▪ | create a Litigation Oversight Committee, which will include two Altria designated directors (one of whom will chair the Litigation Oversight Committee) that will have oversight authority and review of litigation management for matters in which JUUL and Altria are co-defendants and have or reasonably could have a written joint defense agreement in effect between them. Subject to certain limitations, the Litigation Oversight Committee will recommend to JUUL changes to outside counsel and litigation strategy by majority vote, with disagreements by JUUL’s management being resolved by majority vote of JUUL’s Board of Directors.

On April 1, 2020, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) issued an administrative complaint challenging Altria’s investment in JUUL. The FTC has not sought to preliminarily enjoin Altria from converting its non-voting JUUL shares to voting shares. Altria has not converted its non-voting JUUL shares to voting shares and is considering whether to do so. For further discussion on the FTC litigation, see Note 11. Contingencies - Antitrust Litigation.
At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Altria had a 35% economic interest in JUUL. Altria accounted for its investment in JUUL as an investment in an equity security as of March 31, 2020. Since the JUUL shares do not have a readily determinable fair value, Altria has elected to measure its investment in JUUL at its cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. There have been no upward or downward adjustments to the carrying value of Altria’s investment in JUUL resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions since the JUUL Transaction through March 31, 2020.
Altria reviews its investment in JUUL for impairment by performing a qualitative assessment of impairment indicators on a quarterly basis in connection with the preparation of its financial statements. If this qualitative assessment indicates that
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Altria’s investment in JUUL may be impaired, a quantitative assessment is performed. If the quantitative assessment indicates the fair value of the investment is less than its carrying value, the investment is written down to its fair value.
Altria performed its qualitative assessment of potential impairment indicators for its investment in JUUL, which included the consideration of potential impacts of COVID-19 on JUUL’s business, as part of the preparation of its financial statements for the period ended March 31, 2020. Altria’s assessment did not result in impairment at March 31, 2020. The carrying value of Altria’s investment in JUUL was $4.2 billion at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Upon Share Conversion, Altria expects to account for its investment in JUUL under the fair value option. Under this option, Altria’s consolidated statement of earnings will include any cash dividends received from its investment in JUUL as well as any changes in the fair value of the investment, which will be calculated quarterly.
Investment in Cronos
In March 2019, Altria completed its acquisition of:

▪ | 149.8 million newly issued common shares of Cronos (“Acquired Common Shares”), which represented a 45% economic and voting interest and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting;

▪ | anti-dilution protections to purchase Cronos common shares, exercisable each quarter upon dilution, to maintain its ownership percentage. Certain of the anti-dilution protections provide Altria the ability to purchase additional Cronos common shares at a per share exercise price of Canadian dollar (“CAD”) $16.25 upon the occurrence of specified events (“Fixed-price Preemptive Rights”). Based on Altria’s assumptions as of March 31, 2020, Altria estimates the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights allows Altria to purchase up to an additional approximately 37 million common shares of Cronos; and

▪ | a warrant providing Altria the ability to purchase up to an additional 10% of common shares of Cronos (approximately 78 million common shares at March 31, 2020) at a per share exercise price of CAD $19.00, which expires on March 8, 2023.

The total purchase price for the Acquired Common Shares, Fixed-price Preemptive Rights and warrant (collectively, “Investment in Cronos”) was CAD $2.4 billion (U.S. dollar (“USD”) $1.8 billion). Upon full exercise of the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights, to the extent such rights become available, and the warrant, Altria would own a maximum of 55% of the outstanding common shares of Cronos.
In accounting for the acquisition of these assets as of the date of closing, the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights and warrant were recorded at each of their fair values using Black-Scholes option-pricing models, based on the assumptions described in Note 5. Financial Instruments. In addition, a deferred tax liability related to the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights and warrant was recorded. The residual of the purchase price was allocated to the Acquired Common Shares. Accordingly, the CAD $2.4 billion (USD $1.8 billion) purchase price was recorded in USD as follows:

▪ | $1.2 billion to the warrant;

▪ | $0.5 billion to the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights;

▪ | $0.4 billion to the Acquired Common Shares; and

▪ | $0.3 billion to a deferred tax liability.

If exercised in full, the exercise prices for the warrant and Fixed-price Preemptive Rights are approximately CAD $1.5 billion and CAD $0.6 billion (approximately USD $1.1 billion and $0.4 billion, respectively, based on the CAD to USD exchange rate on April 27, 2020).
For a discussion of derivatives related to Altria’s investment in Cronos, including Altria’s accounting for changes in the fair value of these derivatives, see Note 5. Financial Instruments.
At March 31, 2020, Altria had a 45% ownership in Cronos, which Altria accounts for under the equity method of accounting. Altria reports its share of Cronos’s results using a one-quarter lag because Cronos’s results are not available in time for Altria to record them in the concurrent period.
Altria nominated four directors, including one director who is independent from Altria, who serve on Cronos’s seven-member Board of Directors.
The fair value of Altria’s equity method investment in Cronos is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for Cronos’s common shares and was classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of Altria’s equity method investment in Cronos at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $0.9 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, compared with its carrying value of $1.0 billion at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. At March 31, 2020, the fair value of Altria’s
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equity method investment in Cronos was less than its carrying value by approximately 14%. Based on Altria’s evaluation of the duration and magnitude of the fair value decline, Altria’s evaluation of Cronos’s financial condition (including its strong cash position) and near-term prospects, and Altria’s intent and ability to hold its investment in Cronos until recovery, Altria concluded that the decline in fair value of its equity method investment in Cronos below its carrying value is temporary and, therefore, no impairment was recorded.
Note 5. Financial Instruments:
Altria enters into derivative financial instruments to mitigate the potential impact of certain market risks, including foreign currency exchange rate risk. Altria uses various types of derivative financial instruments, including forward contracts, options and swaps. Altria does not enter into or hold derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Altria’s investment in ABI, whose functional currency is the Euro, exposes Altria to foreign currency exchange risk on the carrying value of its investment. To manage this risk, Altria designates certain foreign exchange contracts, including cross-currency swap contracts and forward contracts (collectively “foreign currency contracts”), and Euro denominated unsecured long-term notes (“foreign currency denominated debt”) as net investment hedges of Altria’s investment in ABI.
At both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Altria had foreign currency contracts with aggregate notional amounts of $2,246 million. At March 31, 2020, Altria had foreign currency denominated debt with an aggregate fair value and carrying value of $4,595 million and $4,666 million, respectively. At December 31, 2019, Altria had foreign currency denominated debt with an aggregate fair value and carrying value of $5,057 million and $4,741 million, respectively.
Altria’s estimates of the fair values of its foreign currency contracts are determined using valuation models with significant inputs that are readily available in public markets, or can be derived from observable market transactions, and therefore are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. An adjustment for credit risk and nonperformance risk is included in the fair values of foreign currency contracts.
Altria’s estimate of the fair value of its short-term borrowings is derived from discounted future cash flows based on the contractual terms of the Credit Agreement (see Note 10. Debt) and observable interest rates and is classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of Altria’s short-term borrowings at March 31, 2020 approximated its carrying value. Altria had no short-term borrowings at December 31, 2019.
Altria’s estimate of the fair value of its total long-term debt is based on observable market information derived from a third-party pricing source and is classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The aggregate fair value of Altria’s total long-term debt at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $28.3 billion and $30.7 billion, respectively, as compared with its carrying value of $27.0 billion and $28.0 billion, respectively.
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Altria’s Fixed-price Preemptive Rights and warrant related to its investment in Cronos, which is further discussed in Note 4. Investments in Equity Securities, are derivative financial instruments, which are required to be recorded at fair value. The fair values of the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights and Cronos warrant are estimated using Black-Scholes option-pricing models, adjusted for observable inputs (which are classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy), including share price, and unobservable inputs, including probability factors and weighting of expected life, volatility levels and risk-free interest rates (which are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy) based on the following assumptions at:

|  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
|  | Fixed-price Preemptive Rights |  | Cronos Warrant
Share price (1) |  | C$7.99 |  | C$9.97 |  | C$7.99 |  | C$9.97
Expected life (2) |  | 1.60 years |  | 1.67 years |  | 2.93 years |  | 3.18 years
Expected volatility (3) |  | 79.97% |  | 81.61% |  | 79.97% |  | 81.61%
Risk-free interest rate (4)(5) |  | 0.38% |  | 1.71% |  | 0.49% |  | 1.69%
Expected dividend yield (6) |  | —% |  | —% |  | —% |  | —%

(1) Based on the closing market price for Cronos common stock on the Toronto Stock Exchange on the date indicated.
(2) Based on the weighted-average expected life of the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights (with a range from approximately 0.25 year to 6 years at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019) and the March 8, 2023 expiration date of the Cronos warrant.
(3) Based on a blend of historical volatility levels of the underlying equity security and peer companies.
(4) Based on the implied yield currently available on Canadian Treasury zero coupon issues (with a range from approximately 0.21% to 0.62% at March 31, 2020 and 1.66% to 1.74% at December 31, 2019) weighted for the remaining expected life of the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights.
(5) Based on the implied yield currently available on Canadian Treasury zero coupon issues and the expected life of the Cronos warrant.
(6) Based on Cronos’s expected dividend payments.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights and Cronos warrant, which are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:

|  | (in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 303 |
Pre-tax earnings (losses) recognized in net earnings |  | (137 | )
Balance at March 31, 2020 |  | $ | 166 |

Altria elects to record the gross assets and liabilities of derivative financial instruments executed with the same counterparty on its condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair values of Altria’s derivative financial instruments on a gross basis included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets were as follows:

| Fair Value of Assets |  | Fair Value of Liabilities
| Balance Sheet Classification |  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | Balance Sheet Classification | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: | (in millions)
Foreign currency contracts | Other current assets |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | Other accrued liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |
Foreign currency contracts | Other assets |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | Other liabilities | — |  |  | 21 |
Total |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cronos warrant | Investments in equity securities |  | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-price Preemptive Rights | Investments in equity securities |  | 34 |  |  | 69 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  |  | $ | 166 |  |  | $ | 303 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total derivatives |  |  | $ | 240 |  |  | $ | 349 |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28 |

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Altria records in its condensed consolidated statements of earnings any changes in the fair values of the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights and Cronos warrant as gains or losses on Cronos-related financial instruments in the periods in which the changes occur. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, Altria recognized pre-tax unrealized losses, representing the changes in the fair values of the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights and Cronos warrant, as follows:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Fixed-price Preemptive Rights | $ | (35 | ) |  | $ | (132 | )
Cronos warrant | (102 | ) |  | (262 | )
| (137 | ) |  | (394 | )

Additionally, in January and February 2019, Altria entered into derivative financial instruments in the form of forward contracts, which were settled on March 7, 2019, to hedge Altria’s exposure to CAD to USD foreign currency exchange rate movements, in relation to the CAD $2.4 billion purchase price for the Cronos transaction. The aggregate notional amounts of the forward contracts were USD $1.8 billion (CAD $2.4 billion). The forward contracts did not qualify for hedge accounting; therefore, in the first quarter of 2019, pre-tax losses of USD $31 million representing changes in the fair values of the forward contracts were recorded in loss on Cronos-related financial instruments in Altria’s condensed consolidated statement of earnings.
Counterparties to Altria’s foreign currency contracts are domestic and international financial institutions. Altria is exposed to potential losses due to non-performance by these counterparties. Altria manages its credit risk by entering into transactions with counterparties with investment grade credit ratings, limiting the amount of exposure Altria has with each counterparty and monitoring the financial condition of each counterparty. The counterparty agreements also contain provisions that require Altria to maintain an investment grade credit rating. In the event Altria’s credit rating falls below investment grade, counterparties to Altria’s foreign currency contracts can require Altria to post collateral. No collateral was received or posted related to derivative assets and liabilities at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Net Investment Hedging
The pre-tax effects of Altria’s net investment hedges on accumulated other comprehensive losses and the condensed consolidated statements of earnings were as follows:

|  | Gain (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses |  | Gain (Loss) Recognized in Net Earnings (1)
|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  | (in millions)
Foreign currency contracts |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 9 |
Foreign currency denominated debt |  | 77 |  |  | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 9 |

(1) Related to amounts excluded from effectiveness testing.
The changes in the fair value of the foreign currency contracts and in the carrying value of the foreign currency denominated debt due to changes in the Euro to USD exchange rate were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive losses related to ABI. Gains on the foreign currency contracts arising from components excluded from effectiveness testing were recognized in interest and other debt expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings based on an amortization approach.
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Note 6. Benefit Plans:
Components of Net Periodic Benefit (Income) Cost
Net periodic benefit (income) cost consisted of the following:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| Pension |  | Postretirement
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Service cost | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Interest cost | 63 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 20 |
Expected return on plan assets | (126 | ) |  | (145 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (4 | )
Amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss | 27 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Prior service cost (credit) | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | (7 | )
Curtailment | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Net periodic benefit (income) cost | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 21 |

Curtailment costs shown in the table above were related to the cost reduction program discussed in Note 3. Asset Impairment, Exit and Implementation Costs.
Employer Contributions
Altria makes contributions to the pension plans to the extent that the contributions are tax deductible and pays benefits that relate to plans for salaried employees that cannot be funded under Internal Revenue Service regulations. Altria made employer contributions of $4 million to its pension plans during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Currently, Altria anticipates making additional employer contributions to its pension plans during the remainder of 2020 of up to approximately $25 million based on current tax law. Altria did no t make any employer contributions to its postretirement plans during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Currently, Altria anticipates making employer contributions to its postretirement plans of up to approximately $60 million in 2020. However, these estimates may be subject to change as a result of changes in tax and other benefit laws, as well as asset performance significantly above or below the assumed long-term rate of return on assets, changes in interest rates or other considerations.
Note 7. Earnings Per Share:
Basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) were calculated using the following:

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  | (in millions)
Net earnings attributable to Altria |  | $ | 1,552 |  |  | $ | 1,120 |
Less: Distributed and undistributed earnings attributable to share-based awards |  | (2 | ) |  | (2 | )
Earnings for basic and diluted EPS |  | $ | 1,550 |  |  | $ | 1,118 |
Weighted-average shares for basic and diluted EPS |  | 1,858 |  |  | 1,874 |

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Note 8. Other Comprehensive Earnings/Losses:
The following tables set forth the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive losses, net of deferred income taxes, attributable to Altria:

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
|  | Benefit Plans |  | ABI |  | Currency Translation Adjustments and Other |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses
|  | (in millions)
Balances, December 31, 2019 |  | $ | (2,192 | ) |  | $ | (693 | ) |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | (2,864 | )
Other comprehensive earnings (losses) before reclassifications |  | — |  |  | 388 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 400 |
Deferred income taxes |  | — |  |  | (85 | ) |  | — |  |  | (85 | )
Other comprehensive earnings (losses) before reclassifications, net of deferred income taxes |  | — |  |  | 303 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 315 |
Amounts reclassified to net earnings |  | 28 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | — |  |  | 21 |
Deferred income taxes |  | (7 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | )
Amounts reclassified to net earnings, net of deferred income taxes |  | 21 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | 16 |
Other comprehensive earnings (losses), net of deferred income taxes |  | 21 |  |  | 298 |  | (1) | 12 |  |  | 331 |
Balances, March 31, 2020 |  | $ | (2,171 | ) |  | $ | (395 | ) |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | (2,533 | )

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
|  | Benefit Plans |  | ABI |  | Currency Translation Adjustments and Other |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses
|  | (in millions)
Balances, December 31, 2018 |  | $ | (2,168 | ) |  | $ | (374 | ) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (2,547 | )
Other comprehensive earnings (losses) before reclassifications |  | — |  |  | (238 | ) |  | — |  |  | (238 | )
Deferred income taxes |  | — |  |  | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | 49 |
Other comprehensive earnings (losses) before reclassifications, net of deferred income taxes |  | — |  |  | (189 | ) |  | — |  |  | (189 | )
Amounts reclassified to net earnings |  | 39 |  |  | (12 | ) |  | — |  |  | 27 |
Deferred income taxes |  | (10 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | (8 | )
Amounts reclassified to net earnings, net of deferred income taxes |  | 29 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | — |  |  | 19 |
Other comprehensive earnings (losses), net of deferred income taxes |  | 29 |  |  | (199 | ) | (1) | — |  |  | (170 | )
Balances, March 31, 2019 |  | $ | (2,139 | ) |  | $ | (573 | ) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (2,717 | )

(1) Primarily reflects Altria’s share of ABI’s currency translation adjustments and the impact of Altria’s designated net investment hedges. For further discussion of designated net investment hedges, see Note 5. Financial Instruments.
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The following table sets forth pre-tax amounts by component, reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive losses to net earnings:

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  | (in millions)
Benefit Plans: (1) |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 49 |
Prior service cost/credit |  | (6 | ) |  | (10 | )
|  | 28 |  |  | 39 |
ABI (2) |  | (7 | ) |  | (12 | )
Pre-tax amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive losses to net earnings |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 27 |

(1) Amounts are included in net defined benefit plan costs. For further details, see Note 6. Benefit Plans.
(2) Amounts are included in earnings from equity investments. For further information, see Note 4. Investments in Equity Securities.
Note 9. Segment Reporting:
In the first quarter of 2020, Altria renamed its smokeless products segment as the oral tobacco products segment.
The products of Altria’s subsidiaries include smokeable tobacco products, consisting of combustible cigarettes manufactured and sold by PM USA and Nat Sherman, machine-made large cigars and pipe tobacco manufactured and sold by Middleton and premium cigars sold by Nat Sherman; oral tobacco products, consisting of MST and snus products manufactured and sold by USSTC and oral nicotine pouches manufactured and sold by Helix; and wine produced and/or distributed by Ste. Michelle. The products and services of these subsidiaries constitute Altria’s reportable segments of smokeable products, oral tobacco products (formerly smokeless products) and wine. The financial services and the innovative tobacco products businesses are included in all other.
Altria’s chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) reviews operating companies income to evaluate the performance of, and allocate resources to, the segments. Operating companies income for the segments is defined as operating income before general corporate expenses and amortization of intangibles. Interest and other debt expense, net, net periodic benefit income/cost, excluding service cost, and provision for income taxes are centrally managed at the corporate level and, accordingly, such items are not presented by segment since they are excluded from the measure of segment profitability reviewed by the CODM.
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Segment data were as follows:

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  | (in millions)
Net revenues: |  |  |  |
Smokeable products |  | $ | 5,606 |  |  | $ | 4,935 |
Oral tobacco products |  | 601 |  |  | 540 |
Wine |  | 146 |  |  | 151 |
All other |  | 6 |  |  | 2 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 6,359 |  |  | $ | 5,628 |
Earnings before income taxes: |  |  |  |
Operating companies income (loss): |  |  |  |
Smokeable products |  | $ | 2,370 |  |  | $ | 1,932 |
Oral tobacco products |  | 414 |  |  | 358 |
Wine |  | (379 | ) |  | 15 |
All other |  | (5 | ) |  | (12 | )
Amortization of intangibles |  | (19 | ) |  | (8 | )
General corporate expenses |  | (45 | ) |  | (46 | )
Corporate asset impairment and exit costs |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Operating income |  | 2,336 |  |  | 2,238 |
Interest and other debt expense, net |  | (275 | ) |  | (384 | )
Net periodic benefit income, excluding service cost |  | 27 |  |  | 1 |
Earnings from equity investments |  | 157 |  |  | 86 |
Loss on Cronos-related financial instruments |  | (137 | ) |  | (425 | )
Earnings before income taxes |  | $ | 2,108 |  |  | $ | 1,516 |

The comparability of operating companies income for the reportable segments was affected by the following:
Tobacco and Health Litigation Items - Pre-tax charges related to certain tobacco and health litigation items were recorded in Altria’s condensed consolidated statements of earnings as follows:

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  | (in millions)
Smokeable products segment |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 15 |
Interest and other debt expense, net |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Total |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 17 |

The amounts shown in the table above for the smokeable products segment were recorded in marketing, administration and research costs. For further discussion, see Note 11. Contingencies.
Asset Impairment, Exit and Implementation Costs - See Note 3. Asset Impairment, Exit and Implementation Costs for a breakdown of these costs by segment.
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Note 10. Debt:
Short-term Borrowings and Borrowing Arrangements
Altria had $3.0 billion and no short-term borrowings at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
At March 31, 2020, Altria had a senior unsecured 5-year revolving credit agreement, dated August 1, 2018 (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”), that provides for borrowings up to an aggregate principal amount of $3.0 billion.
On March 23, 2020, Altria provided notice to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent under the Credit Agreement, to borrow the entire available amount ($3.0 billion) under the Credit Agreement and, as of March 31, 2020, $3.0 billion was outstanding under the Credit Agreement. Altria typically accesses the commercial paper market early in the second quarter to help fund payments related to the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement (the “MSA”) and shareholder dividends. In light of the current uncertainty in the global capital markets, including the commercial paper markets, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, Altria elected to borrow the entire amount available under the Credit Agreement as a precautionary measure to increase its cash position and preserve financial flexibility. Altria used a portion of the proceeds from the borrowing under the Credit Agreement to help fund these payments and for other general corporate purposes.
All borrowings under the Credit Agreement mature on August 1, 2023, unless extended pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement includes an option, subject to certain conditions, for Altria to extend the expiration date for two additional one-year periods. Altria may repay the borrowings under the Credit Agreement at any time without penalty. Altria has the intent and ability to repay the entire outstanding balance under the Credit Agreement within one year and believes it has adequate liquidity and access to financial resources to meet its anticipated obligations in the foreseeable future. As a result, Altria has classified the full amount of the borrowings as a current liability on its condensed consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2020. Interest on the outstanding borrowings at March 31, 2020 was based on the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable percentage based on the higher of the ratings of Altria’s long-term senior unsecured debt from Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services. The applicable percentage based on Altria’s long-term senior unsecured debt ratings at March 31, 2020 for borrowings under the Credit Agreement was 1.0%. At March 31, 2020, the interest rate for Altria’s current borrowings under the Credit Agreement was 2.23%. The Credit Agreement does not include any other rating triggers or any provisions that could require the posting of collateral.
The Credit Agreement includes various covenants, one of which requires Altria to maintain a ratio of consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) to Consolidated Interest Expense of not less than 4.0 to 1.0, calculated as of the end of the applicable quarter on a rolling four quarters basis. At March 31, 2020, the ratio of consolidated EBITDA to Consolidated Interest Expense, calculated in accordance with the Credit Agreement, was 9.0 to 1.0. At March 31, 2020, Altria was in compliance with its covenants in the Credit Agreement. The terms “Consolidated EBITDA” and “Consolidated Interest Expense,” each as defined in the Credit Agreement, include certain adjustments.
At March 31, 2020, accrued interest on short-term borrowings under the Credit Agreement of $1 million was included in other accrued liabilities on Altria’s condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Any commercial paper issued by Altria and borrowings under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by PM USA as further discussed in Note 12. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information.
For discussion of the fair value of Altria’s short-term borrowings, see Note 5. Financial Instruments.
Long-term Debt
During the first quarter of 2020, Altria repaid in full at maturity senior unsecured notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,000 million.
At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, accrued interest on long-term debt of $270 million and $470 million, respectively, was included in other accrued liabilities on Altria’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Altria designated its Euro denominated senior unsecured notes as a net investment hedge of its investment in ABI.
For discussion of Altria’s net investment hedge and the fair value of Altria’s long-term debt, see Note 5. Financial Instruments.
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Note 11. Contingencies
Legal proceedings covering a wide range of matters are pending or threatened in various U.S. and foreign jurisdictions against Altria and its subsidiaries, including PM USA and USSTC, as well as their respective indemnitees and Altria’s investees. Various types of claims may be raised in these proceedings, including product liability, unfair trade practices, antitrust, tax, contraband shipments, patent infringement, employment matters, claims for contribution and claims of competitors, shareholders or distributors.
Litigation is subject to uncertainty and it is possible that there could be adverse developments in pending or future cases. An unfavorable outcome or settlement of pending tobacco-related or other litigation could encourage the commencement of additional litigation. Damages claimed in some tobacco-related and other litigation are or can be significant and, in certain cases, have ranged in the billions of dollars. The variability in pleadings in multiple jurisdictions, together with the actual experience of management in litigating claims, demonstrate that the monetary relief that may be specified in a lawsuit bears little relevance to the ultimate outcome. In certain cases, plaintiffs claim that defendants’ liability is joint and several. In such cases, Altria or its subsidiaries may face the risk that one or more co-defendants decline or otherwise fail to participate in the bonding required for an appeal or to pay their proportionate or jury-allocated share of a judgment. As a result, Altria or its subsidiaries under certain circumstances may have to pay more than their proportionate share of any bonding- or judgment-related amounts. Furthermore, in those cases where plaintiffs are successful, Altria or its subsidiaries may also be required to pay interest and attorneys’ fees.
Although PM USA has historically been able to obtain required bonds or relief from bonding requirements in order to prevent plaintiffs from seeking to collect judgments while adverse verdicts have been appealed, there remains a risk that such relief may not be obtainable in all cases. This risk has been substantially reduced given that 47 states and Puerto Rico limit the dollar amount of bonds or require no bond at all. As discussed below, however, tobacco litigation plaintiffs have challenged the constitutionality of Florida’s bond cap statute in several cases and plaintiffs may challenge state bond cap statutes in other jurisdictions as well. Such challenges may include the applicability of state bond caps in federal court. States, including Florida, may also seek to repeal or alter bond cap statutes through legislation. Although Altria cannot predict the outcome of such challenges, it is possible that the consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of Altria, or one or more of its subsidiaries, could be materially affected in a particular fiscal quarter or fiscal year by an unfavorable outcome of one or more such challenges.
Altria and its subsidiaries record provisions in the condensed consolidated financial statements for pending litigation when they determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. At the present time, while it is reasonably possible that an unfavorable outcome in a case may occur, except to the extent discussed elsewhere in this Note 11. Contingencies: (i) management has concluded that it is not probable that a loss has been incurred in any of the pending cases; (ii) management is unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss that could result from an unfavorable outcome in any of the pending cases; and (iii) accordingly, management has not provided any amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements for unfavorable outcomes, if any. Litigation defense costs are expensed as incurred.
Altria and its subsidiaries have achieved substantial success in managing litigation. Nevertheless, litigation is subject to uncertainty and significant challenges remain. It is possible that the consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of Altria, or one or more of its subsidiaries, could be materially affected in a particular fiscal quarter or fiscal year by an unfavorable outcome or settlement of certain pending litigation. Altria and each of its subsidiaries named as a defendant believe, and each has been so advised by counsel handling the respective cases, that it has valid defenses to the litigation pending against it, as well as valid bases for appeal of adverse verdicts. Each of the companies has defended, and will continue to defend, vigorously against litigation challenges. However, Altria and its subsidiaries may enter into settlement discussions in particular cases if they believe it is in the best interests of Altria to do so.
Overview of Altria and/or PM USA Tobacco-Related Litigation
Types and Number of U.S. Cases
Claims related to tobacco products generally fall within the following categories: (i) smoking and health cases alleging personal injury brought on behalf of individual plaintiffs; (ii) health care cost recovery cases brought by governmental (both domestic and foreign) plaintiffs seeking reimbursement for health care expenditures allegedly caused by cigarette smoking and/or disgorgement of profits; (iii) e-vapor cases alleging violation of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”), fraud, failure to warn, design defect, negligence and unfair trade practices; and (iv) other tobacco-related litigation described below. Plaintiffs’ theories of recovery and the defenses raised in tobacco-related litigation are discussed below.
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The table below lists the number of certain tobacco-related cases pending in the U.S. against PM USA and, in some instances, Altria as of April 27, 2020, April 22, 2019 and April 23, 2018:

| April 27, 2020 |  | April 22, 2019 |  | April 23, 2018
Individual Smoking and Health Cases (1) | 109 |  | 98 |  | 102
Health Care Cost Recovery Actions (2) | — |  | 1 |  | 1
E-vapor Cases(3) | 202 |  | 2 |  | 3
Other Tobacco-Related Cases(4) | 4 |  | — |  | —

(1) Includes 22 cases filed in Massachusetts and 46 non-Engle cases filed in Florida. Does not include individual smoking and health cases brought by or on behalf of plaintiffs in Florida state and federal courts following the decertification of the Engle case (these Engle progeny cases are discussed below in Smoking and Health Litigation - Engle Class Action). Also does not include 1,472 cases brought by flight attendants seeking compensatory damages for personal injuries allegedly caused by exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (“ETS”). The flight attendants allege that they are members of an ETS smoking and health class action in Florida, which was settled in 1997 (Broin). The terms of the court-approved settlement in that case allowed class members to file individual lawsuits seeking compensatory damages, but prohibited them from seeking punitive damages. In March 2018, 923 of these cases were voluntarily dismissed without prejudice.
(2) See Health Care Cost Recovery Litigation - Federal Government’s Lawsuit below.
(3) Includes 24 class action lawsuits, 170 individual lawsuits, five state or local government lawsuits and three lawsuits filed by school districts relating to JUUL e-vapor products. JUUL is an additional named defendant in each of these lawsuits.
(4) For 2019 and 2020, includes two inactive smoking and health cases alleging personal injury or seeking court-supervised programs or ongoing medical monitoring and purporting to be brought on behalf of a class of individual plaintiffs, including one case in which the aggregated claims of a number of individual plaintiffs are to be tried in a single proceeding, and two inactive class action lawsuits alleging that use of the terms “Lights” and “Ultra Lights” constitute deceptive and unfair trade practices, common law or statutory fraud, unjust enrichment, breach of warranty or violations of RICO.
International Tobacco-Related Cases
As of April 27, 2020, PM USA is a named defendant in 10 health care cost recovery actions in Canada, eight of which also name Altria as a defendant. PM USA and Altria are also named defendants in seven smoking and health class actions filed in various Canadian provinces. See Guarantees and Other Similar Matters below for a discussion of the Distribution Agreement between Altria and Philip Morris International Inc. (“PMI”) that provides for indemnities for certain liabilities concerning tobacco products.
Tobacco-Related Cases Set for Trial
As of April 27, 2020, two Engle progeny cases are set for trial through June 30, 2020. In addition, there are no individual smoking and health cases against PM USA set for trial during this period. Cases against other companies in the tobacco industry may be scheduled for trial during this period. Trial dates are subject to change and some trials have been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Trial Results
Since January 1999, excluding the Engle progeny cases (separately discussed below), verdicts have been returned in 69 tobacco-related cases in which PM USA was a defendant. Verdicts in favor of PM USA and other defendants were returned in 44 of the 69 cases. These 44 cases were tried in Alaska (1), California (7), Connecticut (1), Florida (10), Louisiana (1), Massachusetts (4), Mississippi (1), Missouri (4), New Hampshire (1), New Jersey (1), New York (5), Ohio (2), Pennsylvania (1), Rhode Island (1), Tennessee (2) and West Virginia (2).
Of the 25 non-Engle progeny cases in which verdicts were returned in favor of plaintiffs, 20 have reached final resolution, and one case (Gentile) that was initially returned in favor of plaintiff was reversed post-trial and remains pending.
See Smoking and Health Litigation - Engle Progeny Trial Results below for a discussion of verdicts in state and federal Engle progeny cases involving PM USA as of April 27, 2020.
Judgments Paid and Provisions for Tobacco and Health Litigation Items (Including Engle Progeny Litigation)
After exhausting all appeals in those cases resulting in adverse verdicts associated with tobacco-related litigation, since October 2004, PM USA has paid judgments and settlements (including related costs and fees) totaling approximately $748 million and interest totaling approximately $216 million as of March 31, 2020. These amounts include payments for Engle progeny
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judgments (and related costs and fees) totaling approximately $327 million and related interest totaling approximately $54 million.
The changes in Altria’s accrued liability for tobacco and health litigation items, including related interest costs, for the periods specified below are as follows:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019
Accrued liability for tobacco and health litigation items at beginning of period (1) | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 112 |
Pre-tax charges for: |  |  |
Tobacco and health litigation | 22 |  | (2) | 15 |
Related interest costs | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Payments (1) | (28 | ) | (3) | (109 | )
Accrued liability for tobacco and health litigation items at end of period (1) | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 20 |

(1) Includes amounts related to the costs of implementing the corrective communications remedy related to the Federal Government’s Lawsuit discussed below.
(2) Includes approximately $7 million related to pre-trial resolution of approximately 100 tobacco and health cases.
(3) Includes approximately $7 million in payments related to above-mentioned pre-trial resolution of approximately 100 tobacco and health cases and $2 million for pre-trial resolution of other tobacco and health cases that was accrued in 2019 but not paid until 2020.
The accrued liability for tobacco and health litigation items, including related interest costs, was included in accrued liabilities on Altria’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Pre-tax charges for tobacco and health litigation were included in marketing, administration and research costs on Altria’s condensed consolidated statements of earnings (losses). Pre-tax charges for related interest costs were included in interest and other debt expense, net on Altria’s condensed consolidated statements of earnings (losses).
Security for Judgments
To obtain stays of judgments pending appeal, PM USA has posted various forms of security. As of March 31, 2020, PM USA has posted appeal bonds totaling approximately $48 million, which have been collateralized with restricted cash that are included in assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Smoking and Health Litigation
Overview
Plaintiffs’ allegations of liability in smoking and health cases are based on various theories of recovery, including negligence, gross negligence, strict liability, fraud, misrepresentation, design defect, failure to warn, nuisance, breach of express and implied warranties, breach of special duty, conspiracy, concert of action, violations of unfair trade practice laws and consumer protection statutes, and claims under the federal and state anti-racketeering statutes. Plaintiffs in the smoking and health cases seek various forms of relief, including compensatory and punitive damages, treble/multiple damages and other statutory damages and penalties, creation of medical monitoring and smoking cessation funds, disgorgement of profits, and injunctive and equitable relief. Defenses raised in these cases include lack of proximate cause, assumption of the risk, comparative fault and/or contributory negligence, statutes of limitations and preemption by the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act.
Non-Engle Progeny Litigation
Summarized below are the non-Engle progeny smoking and health cases pending during 2020 in which a verdict was returned in favor of plaintiff and against PM USA. Charts listing certain verdicts for plaintiffs in the Engle progeny cases can be found in Smoking and Health Litigation - Engle Progeny Trial Results below.
Principe: In February 2020, a jury in a Florida state court returned a verdict in favor of plaintiff and against PM USA, awarding approximately $11 million in compensatory damages. There was no claim for punitive damages. PM USA’s post-trial motions are pending.
Greene: In September 2019, a jury in a Massachusetts state court returned a verdict in favor of plaintiffs and against PM USA, awarding approximately $10 million in compensatory damages. An additional claim by plaintiffs remains pending.
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Laramie: In August 2019, a jury in a Massachusetts state court returned a verdict in favor of plaintiff, awarding $11 million in compensatory damages and $10 million in punitive damages. PM USA and plaintiff have appealed.
Gentile: In October 2017, a jury in a Florida state court returned a verdict in favor of plaintiff, awarding approximately $7.1 million in compensatory damages and allocating 75% of the fault to PM USA (an amount of approximately $5.3 million). PM USA appealed. In September 2019, the Florida Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed the judgment entered by the trial court, granted PM USA judgment on certain claims and remanded for a new trial on the remaining claims. Plaintiff has petitioned the Florida Supreme Court for further review.
Federal Government’s Lawsuit: See Health Care Cost Recovery Litigation - Federal Government’s Lawsuit below for a discussion of the verdict and post-trial developments in the United States of America health care cost recovery case.
Engle Class Action
In July 2000, in the second phase of the Engle smoking and health class action in Florida, a jury returned a verdict assessing punitive damages totaling approximately $145 billion against various defendants, including $74 billion against PM USA. Following entry of judgment, PM USA appealed. In May 2003, the Florida Third District Court of Appeal reversed the judgment entered by the trial court and instructed the trial court to order the decertification of the class. Plaintiffs petitioned the Florida Supreme Court for further review.
In July 2006, the Florida Supreme Court ordered that the punitive damages award be vacated, that the class approved by the trial court be decertified and that members of the decertified class could file individual actions against defendants within one year of issuance of the mandate. The court further declared the following Phase I findings are entitled to res judicata effect in such individual actions brought within one year of the issuance of the mandate: (i) that smoking causes various diseases; (ii) that nicotine in cigarettes is addictive; (iii) that defendants’ cigarettes were defective and unreasonably dangerous; (iv) that defendants concealed or omitted material information not otherwise known or available knowing that the material was false or misleading or failed to disclose a material fact concerning the health effects or addictive nature of smoking; (v) that defendants agreed to misrepresent information regarding the health effects or addictive nature of cigarettes with the intention of causing the public to rely on this information to their detriment; (vi) that defendants agreed to conceal or omit information regarding the health effects of cigarettes or their addictive nature with the intention that smokers would rely on the information to their detriment; (vii) that all defendants sold or supplied cigarettes that were defective; and (viii) that defendants were negligent.
In August 2006, PM USA and plaintiffs sought rehearing from the Florida Supreme Court on parts of its July 2006 opinion. In December 2006, the Florida Supreme Court refused to revise its July 2006 ruling, except that it revised the set of Phase I findings entitled to res judicata effect by excluding finding (v) listed above (relating to agreement to misrepresent information), and added the finding that defendants sold or supplied cigarettes that, at the time of sale or supply, did not conform to the representations of fact made by defendants. In February 2008, the trial court decertified the class.
Pending Engle Progeny Cases
The deadline for filing Engle progeny cases expired in January 2008, at which point a total of approximately 9,300 federal and state claims were pending. As of April 27, 2020, approximately 1,500 state court cases were pending against PM USA or Altria asserting individual claims by or on behalf of approximately 1,900 state court plaintiffs. Because of a number of factors, including docketing delays, duplicated filings and overlapping dismissal orders, these numbers are estimates. While the Federal Engle Agreement (discussed below) resolved nearly all Engle progeny cases pending in federal court, as of April 27, 2020, four cases were pending against PM USA in federal court representing the cases excluded from that agreement.
Engle Progeny Trial Results
As of April 27, 2020, 134 federal and state Engle progeny cases involving PM USA have resulted in verdicts since the Florida Supreme Court Engle decision. Seventy-eight verdicts were returned in favor of plaintiffs and four verdicts (Skolnick, Calloway, Oshinsky-Blacker and Freeman) that were initially returned in favor of plaintiffs were reversed post-trial or on appeal and remain pending.
Forty-seven verdicts were returned in favor of PM USA, of which 42 were state cases. In addition, there have been a number of mistrials, only some of which have resulted in new trials as of April 27, 2020. Four verdicts (Pearson, D. Cohen, Collar and Chacon) that were returned in favor of PM USA were subsequently reversed for new trials. Juries in two cases (Reider and
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Banks) returned zero damages verdicts in favor of PM USA. Juries in two other cases (Weingart and Hancock) returned verdicts against PM USA awarding no damages, but the trial court in each case decided to award plaintiffs damages. One case, Pollari, resulted in a verdict in favor of PM USA following a retrial of an initial verdict returned in favor of plaintiff. Appeals by plaintiff and defendants are pending. Three cases, Gloger, Rintoul (Caprio) and Duignan, resulted in verdicts in favor of plaintiffs following retrial of initial verdicts returned in favor of plaintiffs. Post-trial motions or appeals are pending. One case, Freeman, resulted in an appellate reversal of a jury verdict in favor of plaintiff and a judgment in favor of PM USA.
The charts below list the verdicts and post-trial developments in certain Engle progeny cases in which verdicts were returned in favor of plaintiffs. The first chart lists such cases that are pending as of April 27, 2020 where PM USA has recorded a provision in its consolidated financial statements because PM USA has determined that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated; the second chart lists other such cases that are pending as of April 27, 2020 but where PM USA has determined an unfavorable outcome is not probable and the amount of loss cannot be reasonably estimated; and the third chart lists other such cases that have concluded within the previous 12 months. Unless otherwise noted for a particular case, the jury’s award for compensatory damages will not be reduced by any finding of plaintiff’s comparative fault. Further, the damages noted reflect adjustments based on post-trial or appellate rulings.

Currently Pending Engle Cases with Accrued Liabilities (rounded to nearest $ million)
Plaintiff | Verdict Date | Defendant(s) | Court | Compensatory Damages (All Defendants) | Punitive Damages (PM USA) | Appeal Status | Accrual (1)
Berger (Cote) | September 2014 | PM USA | Federal Court - Middle District of Florida | $6 million | $21 million | The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals reinstated the punitive and compensatory damages awards and remanded the case to the district court. PM USA’s challenge to the punitive damages award was denied by the district court. PM USA’s appeal to the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals is pending. | $6 million accrual in the fourth quarter of 2018

(1) Accrual amounts include interest and associated costs, if applicable. For cases with multiple defendants, if any, accrual amounts reflect the portion of compensatory damages PM USA believes it will have to pay if the case is ultimately decided in plaintiff’s favor after taking into account any portion potentially payable by the other defendant(s).

Other Currently Pending Engle Cases with Verdicts Against PM USA (rounded to nearest $ million)
Plaintiff | Verdict Date | Defendant(s) | Court | Compensatory Damages (1) | Punitive Damages (PM USA) | Appeal Status
Duignan | February 2020(2) | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds(3) | Pinellas | $3 million | $12 million | Defendants’ post-trial motions pending.
Cuddihee | January 2020 | PM USA | Duval | $3 million | $0 | Defendant’s post-trial motions pending.
Rintoul (Caprio) | November 2019(2) | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds | Broward | $9 million ($5 million PM USA) | $74 million | Defendants’ post-trial motion pending.
Gloger | November 2019(2) | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds | Miami-Dade | $15 million ($5 million PM USA) | $11 million | Appeal by defendants to Third District Court of Appeal pending.
McCall | March 2019 | PM USA | Broward | <$1 million (<$1 million PM USA) | <$1 million | New trial ordered on punitive damages.
Neff | March 2019 | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds | Broward | $4 million | $2 million | Appeals by plaintiff and defendants to Fourth District Court of Appeal pending.
Frogel | March 2019 | PM USA | Palm Beach | <$1 million (<$1 million PM USA) | $0 | Appeals by plaintiff and defendant to Fourth District Court of Appeal pending.

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Other Currently Pending Engle Cases with Verdicts Against PM USA (rounded to nearest $ million)
Plaintiff | Verdict Date | Defendant(s) | Court | Compensatory Damages (1) | Punitive Damages (PM USA) | Appeal Status
Mahfuz | February 2019 | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds | Broward | $12 million | $10 million | Appeals by plaintiff and defendants to Fourth District Court of Appeal pending.
Holliman | February 2019 | PM USA | Miami-Dade | $3 million | $0 | Defendant’s appeal to Third District Court of Appeal pending.
Chadwell | September 2018 | PM USA | Miami-Dade | $2 million | $0 | Appeals by defendant and plaintiff to Third District Court of Appeal pending.
Kaplan | July 2018 | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds | Broward | $2 million | $2 million | Appeals by defendants and plaintiff to Fourth District Court of Appeal pending.
Landi | June 2018 | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds | Broward | $8 million | $5 million | Appeals by plaintiff and defendants to Fourth District Court of Appeal pending.
R. Douglas | November 2017 | PM USA | Duval | <$1 million | $0 | Awaiting entry of final judgment by the trial court.
Sommers | April 2017 | PM USA | Miami-Dade | $1 million | $0 | Third District Court of Appeal affirmed compensatory damages award and granted new trial on punitive damages. Defendant petitioned Florida Supreme Court for review.
Santoro | March 2017 | PM USA, R.J. Reynolds and Liggett Group(3) | Broward | $2 million | $0 | Trial court set aside punitive damages award; appeals by plaintiff and defendants to Fourth District Court of Appeal pending.
Cooper (Blackwood) | September 2015 | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds | Broward | $5 million (<$1 million PM USA) | $0 | Fourth District Court of Appeal affirmed judgment and granted a new trial on punitive damages.
D. Brown | January 2015 | PM USA | Federal Court - Middle District of Florida | $8 million | $9 million | Appeal by defendant to U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit pending.
Kerrivan | October 2014 | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds | Federal Court - Middle District of Florida | $16 million | $16 million | U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit affirmed the judgment. Defendants’ motion for rehearing pending.
Harris | July 2014 | PM USA, R.J. Reynolds and Lorillard(3) | Federal Court - Middle District of Florida | $2 million (<$ 1 million PM USA) | $0 | Appeals by plaintiff and defendants to U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit pending.

(1) PM USA’s portion of the compensatory damages award is noted parenthetically where the court has ruled that comparative fault applies.
(2) Plaintiff’s verdict following a retrial of an initial verdict in favor of plaintiff.
(3) References to “R.J. Reynolds,” “Liggett Group” and “Lorillard” are to R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Liggett Group, LLC and Lorillard Tobacco Company, respectively.

Engle Cases Concluded Within Past 12 Months(1) (rounded to nearest $ million)
Plaintiff | Verdict Date | Defendant(s) | Court | Accrual Date | Payment Amount (if any) | Payment Date
Theis(2) | May 2018 | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds | Sarasota | First quarter of 2020 | $17 million | February 2020
Alvarez Del Real | September 2019 | PM USA | Miami-Dade | Fourth quarter of 2019 | <$1 million | October 2019

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Engle Cases Concluded Within Past 12 Months(1) (rounded to nearest $ million)
Plaintiff | Verdict Date | Defendant(s) | Court | Accrual Date | Payment Amount (if any) | Payment Date
Zingaro | May 2019 | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds | Broward | Third quarter of 2019 | <$1 million | October 2019
Bryant | December 2017 | PM USA | Escambia | Second quarter of 2019 | <$1 million | July 2019
Wallace | October 2017 | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds | Brevard | Second quarter of 2019 | $26 million | May 2019
J. Brown | February 2017 | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds | Pinellas | First quarter of 2019 | $4 million | April 2019
L. Martin | May 2017 | PM USA | Miami-Dade | First quarter of 2019 | $2 million | April 2019
Danielson | November 2015 | PM USA | Escambia | First quarter of 2019 | $3 million | March 2019
S. Martin | November 2016 | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds | Broward | First quarter of 2019 | $5 million | March 2019
Searcy | April 2013 | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds | Federal Court - Middle District of Florida | Third quarter of 2018 | $2 million | March 2019
Boatright | November 2014 | PM USA and Liggett Group | Polk | Second quarter of 2018 | $42 million | March 2019
M. Brown(3) | May 2015 | PM USA | Duval | Second quarter of 2018 | $8 million | March 2019
Jordan(4) | August 2015 | PM USA | Duval | Second quarter of 2018 | $11 million | March 2019
Pardue | December 2016 | PM USA and R.J. Reynolds | Alachua | Second and Third quarters of 2018 | $11 million | March 2019
McKeever | February 2015 | PM USA | Broward | Fourth quarter of 2017 | $21 million | March 2019

(1) In two cases in which PM USA paid the judgments more than a year ago, Naugle and Gore, plaintiffs were awarded approximately $8 million and approximately $2 million in fees and other costs, respectively. In both cases, PM USA has appealed.
(2) In February 2020, the Florida Second District Court of Appeal denied PM USA’s petition for review. As a result, in the first quarter of 2020, PM USA recorded a pre-tax provision of approximately $17 million for the judgment plus interest, which was subsequently paid in the first quarter of 2020.
(3) The trial court also awarded plaintiff approximately $9 million in fees, interest and costs. PM USA and plaintiff have appealed.
(4) The trial court also awarded plaintiff approximately $4 million in fees and costs. PM USA and plaintiff have appealed.
Florida Bond Statute
In June 2009, Florida amended its existing bond cap statute by adding a $200 million bond cap that applies to all state Engle progeny lawsuits in the aggregate and establishes individual bond caps for individual Engle progeny cases in amounts that vary depending on the number of judgments in effect at a given time. Plaintiffs have been unsuccessful in various challenges to the bond cap statute in Florida state court.
No federal court has yet addressed the constitutionality of the bond cap statute or the applicability of the bond cap to Engle progeny cases tried in federal court.
From time to time, legislation has been presented to the Florida legislature that would repeal the bond cap statute; however to date, no legislation repealing the statute has passed.
Other Smoking and Health Class Actions
Since the dismissal in May 1996 of a purported nationwide class action brought on behalf of allegedly addicted smokers, plaintiffs have filed numerous putative smoking and health class action suits in various state and federal courts. In general, these cases purport to be brought on behalf of residents of a particular state or states (although a few cases purport to be nationwide in scope) and raise addiction claims and, in many cases, claims of physical injury as well.
Class certification has been denied or reversed by courts in 61 smoking and health class actions involving PM USA in Arkansas (1), California (1), Delaware (1), the District of Columbia (2), Florida (2), Illinois (3), Iowa (1), Kansas (1), Louisiana (1), Maryland (1), Michigan (1), Minnesota (1), Nevada (29), New Jersey (6), New York (2), Ohio (1), Oklahoma (1), Oregon (1), Pennsylvania (1), Puerto Rico (1), South Carolina (1), Texas (1) and Wisconsin (1). See Certain Other Tobacco-Related
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Litigation below for a discussion of “Lights” and “Ultra Lights” class action cases and medical monitoring class action cases pending against PM USA.
As of April 27, 2020, PM USA and Altria are named as defendants, along with other cigarette manufacturers, in seven class actions filed in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan, British Columbia and Ontario. In Saskatchewan, British Columbia (two separate cases) and Ontario, plaintiffs seek class certification on behalf of individuals who suffer or have suffered from various diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, heart disease or cancer, after smoking defendants’ cigarettes. In the actions filed in Alberta, Manitoba and Nova Scotia, plaintiffs seek certification of classes of all individuals who smoked defendants’ cigarettes. In March 2019, all of these class actions were stayed as a result of three Canadian tobacco manufacturers (none of which is related to Altria or its subsidiaries) seeking protection under Canada’s Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (which is similar to Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the U.S.). The companies entered into these proceedings following a Canadian appellate court upholding two smoking and health class action verdicts against those companies totaling approximately CAD $13 billion. See Guarantees and Other Similar Matters below for a discussion of the Distribution Agreement between Altria and PMI, which provides for indemnities for certain liabilities concerning tobacco products.
Health Care Cost Recovery Litigation
Overview
In the health care cost recovery litigation, governmental entities seek reimbursement of health care cost expenditures allegedly caused by tobacco products and, in some cases, of future expenditures and damages. Relief sought by some but not all plaintiffs includes punitive damages, multiple damages and other statutory damages and penalties, injunctions prohibiting alleged marketing and sales to minors, disclosure of research, disgorgement of profits, funding of anti-smoking programs, additional disclosure of nicotine yields, and payment of attorney and expert witness fees.
Although there have been some decisions to the contrary, most judicial decisions in the U.S. have dismissed all or most health care cost recovery claims against cigarette manufacturers. Nine federal circuit courts of appeals and eight state appellate courts, relying primarily on grounds that plaintiffs’ claims were too remote, have ordered or affirmed dismissals of health care cost recovery actions. The United States Supreme Court has refused to consider plaintiffs’ appeals from the cases decided by five federal circuit courts of appeal.
In addition to the cases brought in the U.S., health care cost recovery actions have also been brought against tobacco industry participants, including PM USA and Altria, in Canada (10 cases), and other entities have stated that they are considering filing such actions.
Since the beginning of 2008, the Canadian Provinces of British Columbia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador, Quebec, Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia have brought health care reimbursement claims against cigarette manufacturers. PM USA is named as a defendant in the British Columbia and Quebec cases, while both Altria and PM USA are named as defendants in the New Brunswick, Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador, Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia cases. The Nunavut Territory and Northwest Territory have passed legislation permitting similar claims, but lawsuits based on this legislation have not been filed. All of these cases have been stayed pending resolution of proceedings in Canada involving three tobacco manufacturers (none of which are affiliated with Altria or its subsidiaries) under the Creditors Arrangement Act discussed above. See Smoking and Health Litigation - Other Smoking and Health Class Actions above for a discussion of these proceedings. See Guarantees and Other Similar Matters below for a discussion of the Distribution Agreement between Altria and PMI that provides for indemnities for certain liabilities concerning tobacco products.
Settlements of Health Care Cost Recovery Litigation
In November 1998, PM USA and certain other tobacco product manufacturers entered into the MSA with 46 states, the District of Columbia and certain U.S. territories to settle asserted and unasserted health care cost recovery and other claims. PM USA and certain other tobacco product manufacturers had previously entered into agreements to settle similar claims brought by Mississippi, Florida, Texas and Minnesota (together with the MSA, the “State Settlement Agreements”). The State Settlement Agreements require that the original participating manufacturers or “OPMs” (now PM USA and R.J. Reynolds and, with respect to certain brands, ITG Brands, LLC (“ITG”)) make annual payments of approximately $9.4 billion, subject to adjustments for several factors, including inflation, market share and industry volume. In addition, the OPMs are required to pay settling plaintiffs’ attorneys’ fees, subject to an annual cap of $500 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and
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2019, the aggregate amount recorded in cost of sales with respect to the State Settlement Agreements was approximately $1.1 billion and $0.9 billion, respectively. These amounts include PM USA’s estimate of amounts related to NPM Adjustments discussed below.
NPM Adjustment Disputes
PM USA is participating in proceedings regarding the NPM Adjustment for 2003-2019. The “NPM Adjustment” is a reduction in MSA payments made by the OPMs and those manufacturers that are subsequent signatories to the MSA (collectively, the “participating manufacturers” or “PMs”) that applies if the PMs collectively lose at least a specified level of market share to non-participating manufacturers since 1997, subject to certain conditions and defenses. The independent auditor (the “IA”) appointed under the MSA calculates the maximum amount of the NPM Adjustment, if any, for each year.
NPM Adjustment Disputes - Settlement with 36 States and Territories and Settlement with New York.
PM USA has entered into two settlements of NPM Adjustment disputes with a total of 37 states and territories, one with 36 states and territories (the “multi-state settlement”) and the other with the State of New York. In the multi-state settlement, PM USA, by the end of October 2017, had settled the NPM Adjustment disputes for 2003-2015 with 26 states in exchange for a total of $740 million. In 2018, there were two principal developments with respect to this settlement. First, PM USA agreed to settle the NPM Adjustment disputes for 2016 and 2017 with the 26 states mentioned above. Second, PM USA settled the NPM Adjustment disputes for 2004-2017 with ten additional states. As a result of these two developments, PM USA will receive approximately $248 million, $68 million of which it received in April 2018, $121 million of which it received in April 2019 and $47 million of which it received in April 2020. In connection with these two developments, PM USA recorded a reduction to cost of sales in the amount of $39 million in 2017 and in the amount of $209 million in 2018. In the first quarter of 2019, PM USA also recorded a reduction to cost of sales in the amount of $52 million for its estimate of the 2018 NPM Adjustment settlement credit it expects to receive under the multi-state settlement.
In the first quarter of 2020, the PMs agreed that certain conditions set forth in the multi-state settlement by the 10 states that settled the NPM Adjustment in 2018 had been met. As a result, PM USA’s and the other PMs’ settlement with Pennsylvania was extended to include NPM Adjustments for 2018-2024, and settlements with the other nine states were extended to include NPM Adjustments for 2018-2019. As a result of this development, PM USA will receive approximately $43 million in credits to offset PM USA’s MSA payments over nine years.
In the NPM Adjustment settlement with New York, which was entered into in 2015, PM USA has received approximately $317 million for 2004-2018. PM USA and the other participating manufacturers are involved in a proceeding pursuant to the New York settlement in which an independent investigator will determine the amounts due to the participating manufacturers from New York for 2019 and 2020. PM USA expects to receive such amounts in April 2021 and April 2022, respectively.
Both the New York settlement and the multi-state settlement also contain provisions resolving certain disputes regarding the application of the NPM Adjustment going forward.
2003 and Subsequent NPM Adjustments - Continuing Disputes with States that have not Settled.

▪ | 2003 NPM Adjustment. In September 2013, an arbitration panel issued rulings regarding the 15 states and territories that remained in the arbitration, ruling that six of them did not establish valid defenses to the NPM Adjustment for 2003. In June 2014, two of these six states joined the multi-state settlement discussed above. With respect to the remaining four states, following the outcome of challenges in state courts, PM USA ultimately recorded $74 million primarily as a reduction to cost of sales. Subsequently, another one of the six states joined the multi-state settlement. Two potential disputes remain outstanding regarding the amount of interest due to PM USA and there is no assurance that PM USA will prevail in either of these disputes.

▪ | 2004 and Subsequent NPM Adjustments. PM USA has continued to pursue the NPM Adjustments for 2004 and subsequent years in multi-state arbitrations against the states that did not join either of the settlements discussed above. In September 2019, a New Mexico state appellate court affirmed a trial court’s order compelling New Mexico to arbitrate the 2004 NPM Adjustment claims in the multi-state arbitration with the other states. In November 2019, the New Mexico Supreme Court declined to review that decision. The arbitration hearing has not yet been scheduled. The Montana state courts ruled that Montana may litigate its claims in state court, rather than participate in a multi-state arbitration and the PMs have agreed not to contest the applicability of the 2004 NPM Adjustment to Montana. In April 2020, the State of Montana filed a motion in Montana state court against the PMs, including PM USA and a Nat

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Sherman affiliate, claiming that Montana’s share of the NPM Adjustment amounts should be paid to the state in advance of the resolution of disputes over the applicability of those adjustments. PM USA and the Nat Sherman affiliate have been placing the disputed NPM Adjustment amounts in the disputed payments account established pursuant to the terms of the MSA. Montana seeks a total of approximately $43 million in disputed payments from all defendants combined, as well as treble and punitive damages.
The hearings in a 2004 multi-state arbitration with all of the states that have not settled other than Montana and New Mexico concluded in July 2019. As of April 27, 2020, no decisions have resulted from the arbitration.
No assurance can be given as to when proceedings for 2005 and subsequent years will be scheduled or the precise form those proceedings will take.
The IA has calculated that PM USA’s share of the maximum potential NPM Adjustments for 2004-2018 is (exclusive of interest or earnings): $388 million for 2004; $181 million for 2005; $154 million for 2006; $185 million for 2007; $250 million for 2008; $211 million for 2009; $218 million for 2010; $166 million for 2011; $214 million for 2012; $224 million for 2013; $258 million for 2014; $313 million for 2015; $305 million for 2016; $297 million for 2017; $340 million for 2018 and $441 million for 2019. These maximum amounts will be reduced, likely substantially, to reflect the settlements with the signatory states and New York, and potentially for current and future calculation disputes and other developments. Finally, PM USA’s recovery of these amounts, even as reduced, is dependent upon subsequent determinations regarding state-specific defenses and disputes with other PMs.
Other Disputes Under the State Settlement Agreements
The payment obligations of the tobacco product manufacturers that are parties to the State Settlement Agreements, as well as the allocations of any NPM Adjustments and related settlements, have been and may continue to be affected by R.J. Reynolds’s acquisition of Lorillard and its related sale of certain cigarette brands to ITG (the “ITG brands”). In particular, R.J. Reynolds and ITG have asserted that they do not have to make payments on the ITG brands under the Florida, Minnesota and Texas State Settlement Agreements or include the ITG brands for purposes of certain calculations under the State Settlement Agreements. PM USA believes that R.J. Reynolds’s and ITG’s position violates the State Settlement Agreements and applicable law. PM USA further believes that these actions: (i) improperly increased PM USA’s payments for 2015-2019; (ii) may improperly increase PM USA’s payments for subsequent years; (iii) improperly decreased PM USA’s share of the 2015-2019 NPM Adjustments and of the settlements of related disputes; and (iv) may improperly decrease PM USA’s share of NPM Adjustments and related settlements for subsequent years.
In January 2017, PM USA and the State of Florida each filed a motion in Florida state court against R.J. Reynolds and ITG seeking to enforce the Florida State Settlement Agreement. In August 2018, the Florida trial court entered final judgment ruling that R.J. Reynolds (and not ITG) must make settlement payments under the Florida State Settlement Agreement on the ITG brands, and ordering R.J. Reynolds to pay PM USA approximately $9.8 million (inclusive of interest) for the 2015-2017 period. R.J. Reynolds and PM USA have each filed notices of appeal of the trial court’s decision, which proceedings may result in further modifications to PM USA’s settlement payments under the Florida State Settlement Agreement.
In March 2018, PM USA and the State of Minnesota filed pleadings in Minnesota state court asserting claims against R.J. Reynolds and ITG, similar to those made in Florida, and seeking to enforce the Minnesota State Settlement Agreement. In September 2019, the Minnesota court granted the State of Minnesota’s and PM USA’s motions to enforce the agreement against R.J. Reynolds. The Minnesota court concluded, however, that it could not yet resolve the question of ITG’s liability under the Minnesota State Settlement Agreement. An evidentiary hearing on the question of ITG’s potential liability is to be held in 2020.
In December 2018, PM USA filed a motion in Mississippi state court seeking to enforce the Mississippi State Settlement Agreement against R.J. Reynolds and ITG with respect to the accuracy of certain submissions made by R.J. Reynolds and ITG concerning the calculation of payments relating to the ITG brands. In December 2019, in a separate matter, the State of Mississippi filed a motion in Mississippi state court seeking to enforce the Mississippi State Settlement Agreement against PM USA, R.J. Reynolds and ITG concerning the calculation of the April 2019 payments.
In January 2019, PM USA and the State of Texas each filed a motion in federal court in the Eastern District of Texas asserting claims against R.J. Reynolds and ITG, similar to those made in Florida and Minnesota, seeking to enforce the Texas State Settlement Agreement. On February 25, 2020, the Texas court granted the State of Texas’ and PM USA’s motions to enforce the settlement agreement against R.J. Reynolds. The Texas court, however, deferred the ultimate resolution of the motions to
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enforce against ITG, because it concluded that question was dependent upon the outcome of separate litigation pending between ITG and R.J. Reynolds in the Delaware Court of Chancery.
Federal Government’s Lawsuit
In 1999, the United States government filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against various cigarette manufacturers, including PM USA, and others, including Altria, asserting claims under three federal statutes. The case ultimately proceeded only under the civil provisions of RICO. In August 2006, the district court held that certain defendants, including Altria and PM USA, violated RICO and engaged in seven of the eight “sub-schemes” to defraud that the government had alleged. Specifically, the court found that:

▪ | defendants falsely denied, distorted and minimized the significant adverse health consequences of smoking;

▪ | defendants hid from the public that cigarette smoking and nicotine are addictive;

▪ | defendants falsely denied that they control the level of nicotine delivered to create and sustain addiction;

▪ | defendants falsely marketed and promoted “low tar/light” cigarettes as less harmful than full-flavor cigarettes;

▪ | defendants falsely denied that they intentionally marketed to youth;

▪ | defendants publicly and falsely denied that ETS is hazardous to non-smokers; and

▪ | defendants suppressed scientific research.

The court did not impose monetary penalties on defendants, but ordered the following relief: (i) an injunction against “committing any act of racketeering” relating to the manufacturing, marketing, promotion, health consequences or sale of cigarettes in the United States; (ii) an injunction against participating directly or indirectly in the management or control of the Council for Tobacco Research, the Tobacco Institute, or the Center for Indoor Air Research, or any successor or affiliated entities of each; (iii) an injunction against “making, or causing to be made in any way, any material false, misleading, or deceptive statement or representation or engaging in any public relations or marketing endeavor that is disseminated to the United States public and that misrepresents or suppresses information concerning cigarettes;” (iv) an injunction against conveying any express or implied health message or health descriptors on cigarette packaging or in cigarette advertising or promotional material, including “lights,” “ultra lights” and “low tar,” which the court found could cause consumers to believe one cigarette brand is less hazardous than another brand; (v) the issuance of “corrective statements” in various media regarding the adverse health effects of smoking, the addictiveness of smoking and nicotine, the lack of any significant health benefit from smoking “low tar” or “light” cigarettes, defendants’ manipulation of cigarette design to ensure optimum nicotine delivery and the adverse health effects of exposure to ETS; (vi) the disclosure on defendants’ public document websites and in the Minnesota document repository of all documents produced to the government in the lawsuit or produced in any future court or administrative action concerning smoking and health until 2021, with certain additional requirements as to documents withheld from production under a claim of privilege or confidentiality; (vii) the disclosure of disaggregated marketing data to the government in the same form and on the same schedule as defendants now follow in disclosing such data to the FTC for a period of 10 years; (viii) certain restrictions on the sale or transfer by defendants of any cigarette brands, brand names, formulas or cigarette businesses within the U.S.; and (ix) payment of the government’s costs in bringing the action.
Following several years of appeals relating to the content of the corrective statements remedy described above, in October 2017, the district court approved the parties’ proposed consent order implementing corrective statements in newspapers and on television. The corrective statements began appearing in newspapers and on television in the fourth quarter of 2017. In April 2018, the parties reached agreement on the implementation details of the corrective statements on websites and onserts. The corrective statements began appearing on websites in the second quarter of 2018 and the onserts began appearing in the fourth quarter of 2018.
In 2014, Altria and PM USA recorded provisions totaling $31 million for the estimated costs of implementing the corrective communications remedy. In the fourth quarter of 2019, PM USA updated its estimate and recorded approximately $5 million for additional costs to finish implementing the corrective communications remedy.
The requirements related to corrective statements at point-of-sale remain outstanding. In May 2014, the district court ordered further briefing on the issue, which was completed in June 2014. In May 2018, the parties submitted a joint status report and additional briefing on point-of-sale signage to the district court. In May 2019, the district court ordered a hearing on the point-of-sale signage issue.
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E-vapor Product Litigation
As of April 27, 2020, Altria and/or its subsidiaries, including PM USA, were named as defendants in 24 class action lawsuits relating to JUUL e-vapor products. JUUL is an additional named defendant in each of these lawsuits. The theories of recovery include violation of RICO, fraud, failure to warn, design defect, negligence and unfair trade practices. Plaintiffs also are seeking to add antitrust claims due to the recent action by the FTC. See Antitrust Litigation below for further discussion. Plaintiffs seek various remedies, including compensatory and punitive damages and an injunction prohibiting product sales.
Altria and/or its subsidiaries, including PM USA, also have been named as defendants in other lawsuits involving JUUL e-vapor products, including 170 individual lawsuits, five lawsuits filed by state or local governments and three lawsuits filed by school districts. JUUL is an additional named defendant in each of these lawsuits.
The majority of the individual and class action lawsuits mentioned above were filed in federal court. In October 2019, the United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation ordered the coordination or consolidation of these lawsuits in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California for pretrial purposes.
An additional group of cases is pending in California state courts. In January 2020, the Judicial Council of California determined that this group of cases was appropriate for coordination and assigned the group to the Superior Court of California, Los Angeles County, for pretrial purposes.
Neither Altria nor any of its subsidiaries has filed a response in any of these cases, and no case in which Altria or any of its subsidiaries is named has been set for trial.
JUUL also is named in a significant number of additional individual and class action lawsuits to which neither Altria nor any of its subsidiaries is currently named.
Certain Other Tobacco-Related Litigation
IQOS Litigation
In April 2020, RAI Strategic Holdings, Inc. and R.J. Reynolds Vapor Co., which are affiliates of R.J. Reynolds, filed a lawsuit against Altria, PM USA, Altria Client Services LLC, PMI and its affiliate Philip Morris Products S.A., in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. The lawsuit asserts claims of patent infringement based on the sale of the IQOS electronic device and HeatSticks in the United States. Plaintiffs seek various remedies, including preliminary and permanent injunctive relief, treble damages and attorneys’ fees.
Also in April 2020, a related action was filed against the same defendants by the same plaintiffs, as well as R.J. Reynolds, with the United States International Trade Commission (“ITC”). There, the plaintiffs also allege patent infringement, but the remedies sought include a prohibition on the importation of the IQOS electronic device, HeatSticks and component parts into the United States. No damages are recoverable in the proceedings before the ITC.
“Lights/Ultra Lights” Cases and Other Smoking and Health Class Actions
Plaintiffs have sought certification of their cases as class actions, alleging among other things, that the uses of the terms “Lights” and/or “Ultra Lights” constitute deceptive and unfair trade practices, common law or statutory fraud, unjust enrichment or breach of warranty, and have sought injunctive and equitable relief, including restitution and, in certain cases, punitive damages. These class actions have been brought against PM USA and, in certain instances, Altria or its other subsidiaries, on behalf of individuals who purchased and consumed various brands of cigarettes. Defenses raised in these cases include lack of misrepresentation, lack of causation, injury and damages, the statute of limitations, non-liability under state statutory provisions exempting conduct that complies with federal regulatory directives, and the First Amendment. Twenty-one state courts in 23 “Lights” cases have refused to certify class actions, dismissed class action allegations, reversed prior class certification decisions or have entered judgment in favor of PM USA. As of April 27, 2020, two “Lights/Ultra Lights” class actions are pending in U.S. state court. Neither case is active.
As of April 27, 2020, two smoking and health cases alleging personal injury or seeking court-supervised programs or ongoing medical monitoring and purporting to be brought on behalf of a class of individual plaintiffs, are pending in their respective U.S. state courts. Neither case is active.
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UST Litigation
UST and/or its tobacco subsidiaries have been named in a number of individual tobacco and health lawsuits over time. Plaintiffs’ allegations of liability in these cases have been based on various theories of recovery, such as negligence, strict liability, fraud, misrepresentation, design defect, failure to warn, breach of implied warranty, addiction and breach of consumer protection statutes. Plaintiffs have typically sought various forms of relief, including compensatory and punitive damages, and certain equitable relief, including but not limited to disgorgement. Defenses raised in these cases include lack of causation, assumption of the risk, comparative fault and/or contributory negligence, and statutes of limitations. As of April 27, 2020, there is one case pending against USSTC.
Antitrust Litigation
In April 2020, the FTC issued an administrative complaint against Altria and JUUL alleging that Altria’s 35% investment in JUUL and the associated agreements constitute an unreasonable restraint of trade in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 (“Sherman Act”) and Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 (“FTC Act”), and substantially lessened competition in violation of Section 7 of the Clayton Antitrust Act (“Clayton Act”). If the FTC’s challenge is successful, the FTC may order a broad range of remedies, including divestiture of Altria’s minority investment in JUUL, rescission of the transaction and all associated agreements, and prohibition against any officer or director of either Altria or JUUL serving on the other party’s board of directors or attending meetings of the other party’s board of directors. The administrative trial will take place before an FTC administrative law judge and is currently scheduled to begin March 11, 2021. Any ruling by the FTC is subject to review by the FTC Commissioners and subsequently, by a federal appellate court.
Also as of April 27, 2020, three putative class action lawsuits were filed against Altria and JUUL in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. The lawsuits cite the FTC administrative complaint and allege that Altria and JUUL violated Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act and Section 7 of the Clayton Act by restraining trade and/or substantially lessening competition in the U.S. closed-system electronic cigarette market. Plaintiffs seek various remedies, including treble damages, attorneys’ fees, a declaration that the agreements between Altria and JUUL are invalid, divestiture of Altria’s minority investment in JUUL and rescission of the transaction.
Neither the FTC nor the private plaintiffs has sought to preliminarily enjoin Altria from converting Altria’s non-voting JUUL shares to voting shares or appointing directors to the JUUL board of directors. As of April 30, 2020, Altria has not exercised these rights.
Shareholder Class Actions
In October and December 2019, two purported Altria shareholders filed putative class action lawsuits against Altria, Howard A. Willard III, Altria’s former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and William F. Gifford, Jr., Altria’s former Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer and current Chief Executive Officer, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York. In December 2019, the court consolidated the two lawsuits into a single proceeding. The consolidated lawsuit was subsequently transferred to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. The lawsuit asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) and under Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act. In April 2020, JUUL, its founders, and some of its current and former executives were added to the lawsuit. The claims involve allegedly false and misleading statements and omissions relating to Altria’s investment in JUUL. Plaintiffs seek various remedies, including damages and attorneys’ fees. A response to the lawsuit has not yet been filed.
Environmental Regulation
Altria and its subsidiaries (and former subsidiaries) are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise related to environmental protection, including, in the U.S.: the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (commonly known as “Superfund”), which can impose joint and several liability on each responsible party. Subsidiaries (and former subsidiaries) of Altria are involved in several matters subjecting them to potential costs of remediation and natural resource damages under Superfund or other laws and regulations. Altria’s subsidiaries expect to continue to make capital and other expenditures in connection with environmental laws and regulations.
Altria provides for expenses associated with environmental remediation obligations on an undiscounted basis when such amounts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Such accruals are adjusted as new information develops or
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circumstances change. Other than those amounts, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the cost of any environmental remediation and compliance efforts that subsidiaries of Altria may undertake in the future. In the opinion of management, however, compliance with environmental laws and regulations, including the payment of any remediation costs or damages and the making of related expenditures, has not had, and is not expected to have, a material adverse effect on Altria’s consolidated results of operations, capital expenditures, financial position or cash flows.
Guarantees and Other Similar Matters
In the ordinary course of business, certain subsidiaries of Altria have agreed to indemnify a limited number of third parties in the event of future litigation. At March 31, 2020, Altria and certain of its subsidiaries (i) had $50 million of unused letters of credit obtained in the ordinary course of business; (ii) were contingently liable for guarantees related to their own performance, including $27 million for surety bonds; and (iii) had a redeemable noncontrolling interest of $38 million recorded on its condensed consolidated balance sheet. In addition, from time to time, subsidiaries of Altria issue lines of credit to affiliated entities. These items have not had, and are not expected to have, a significant impact on Altria’s liquidity.
Under the terms of a distribution agreement between Altria and PMI (the “Distribution Agreement”), entered into as a result of Altria’s 2008 spin-off of its former subsidiary PMI, liabilities concerning tobacco products will be allocated based in substantial part on the manufacturer. PMI will indemnify Altria and PM USA for liabilities related to tobacco products manufactured by PMI or contract manufactured for PMI by PM USA, and PM USA will indemnify PMI for liabilities related to tobacco products manufactured by PM USA, excluding tobacco products contract manufactured for PMI. Altria does not have a related liability recorded on its condensed consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2020 as the fair value of this indemnification is insignificant.
As more fully discussed in Note 12. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information, PM USA has issued guarantees relating to Altria’s obligations under its outstanding debt securities, borrowings under its $3.0 billion Credit Agreement and amounts outstanding under its commercial paper program.
Note 12. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information:
PM USA, which is a 100% owned subsidiary of Altria Group, Inc., has guaranteed Altria Group, Inc.’s obligations under its outstanding debt securities, borrowings under its Credit Agreement and amounts outstanding under its commercial paper program (the “Guarantees”). Pursuant to the Guarantees, PM USA fully and unconditionally guarantees, as primary obligor, the payment and performance of Altria Group, Inc.’s obligations under the guaranteed debt instruments (the “Obligations”), subject to release under certain customary circumstances as noted below.
The Guarantees provide that PM USA guarantees the punctual payment when due, whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise, of the Obligations. The liability of PM USA under the Guarantees is absolute and unconditional irrespective of: any lack of validity, enforceability or genuineness of any provision of any agreement or instrument relating thereto; any change in the time, manner or place of payment of, or in any other term of, all or any of the Obligations, or any other amendment or waiver of or any consent to departure from any agreement or instrument relating thereto; any exchange, release or non-perfection of any collateral, or any release or amendment or waiver of or consent to departure from any other guarantee, for all or any of the Obligations; or any other circumstance that might otherwise constitute a defense available to, or a discharge of, Altria Group, Inc. or PM USA.
The obligations of PM USA under the Guarantees are limited to the maximum amount as will not result in PM USA’s obligations under the Guarantees constituting a fraudulent transfer or conveyance, after giving effect to such maximum amount and all other contingent and fixed liabilities of PM USA that are relevant under Bankruptcy Law, the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act, the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act or any similar federal or state law to the extent applicable to the Guarantees. For this purpose, “Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.
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PM USA will be unconditionally released and discharged from the Obligations upon the earliest to occur of:

▪ | the date, if any, on which PM USA consolidates with or merges into Altria Group, Inc. or any successor;

▪ | the date, if any, on which Altria Group, Inc. or any successor consolidates with or merges into PM USA;

▪ | the payment in full of the Obligations pertaining to such Guarantees; and

▪ | the rating of Altria Group, Inc.’s long-term senior unsecured debt by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services of A or higher.

At March 31, 2020, the respective principal 100% owned subsidiaries of Altria Group, Inc. and PM USA were not limited by long-term debt or other agreements in their ability to pay cash dividends or make other distributions with respect to their equity interests.
The following sets forth the condensed consolidating balance sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, condensed consolidating statements of earnings and comprehensive earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, and condensed consolidating statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 for Altria Group, Inc., PM USA and, collectively, Altria Group, Inc.’s other subsidiaries that are not guarantors of Altria Group, Inc.’s debt instruments (the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”).
The financial information may not necessarily be indicative of results of operations or financial position had PM USA and the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries operated as independent entities. Altria Group, Inc. and PM USA account for investments in their subsidiaries under the equity method of accounting.
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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
March 31, 2020
(in millions of dollars)

|  | Altria Group, Inc. |  |  | PM USA |  |  | Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Total Consolidating Adjustments |  |  | Consolidated |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 5,548 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,616 |
Receivables |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 130 |  |  | — |  |  | 147 |
Inventories: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Leaf tobacco |  | — |  |  | 508 |  |  | 387 |  |  | — |  |  | 895 |
Other raw materials |  | — |  |  | 123 |  |  | 70 |  |  | — |  |  | 193 |
Work in process |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 461 |  |  | — |  |  | 467 |
Finished product |  | — |  |  | 87 |  |  | 364 |  |  | — |  |  | 451 |
|  | — |  |  | 724 |  |  | 1,282 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,006 |
Due from Altria Group, Inc. and subsidiaries |  | 91 |  |  | 5,660 |  |  | 1,361 |  |  | (7,112 | ) |  | — |
Other current assets |  | 301 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 68 |  |  | (226 | ) |  | 166 |
Total current assets |  | 5,940 |  |  | 6,425 |  |  | 2,908 |  |  | (7,338 | ) |  | 7,935 |
Property, plant and equipment, at cost |  | — |  |  | 2,970 |  |  | 2,133 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,103 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  | — |  |  | 2,186 |  |  | 920 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,106 |
|  | — |  |  | 784 |  |  | 1,213 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,997 |
Goodwill |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,177 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,177 |
Other intangible assets, net |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 12,666 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,668 |
Investments in equity securities |  | 18,453 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,408 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,861 |
Investment in consolidated subsidiaries |  | 18,905 |  |  | 2,867 |  |  | — |  |  | (21,772 | ) |  | — |
Due from Altria Group, Inc. and subsidiaries |  | 4,790 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,790 | ) |  | — |
Other assets |  | 71 |  |  | 950 |  |  | 567 |  |  | (608 | ) |  | 980 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 48,159 |  |  | $ | 11,028 |  |  | $ | 27,939 |  |  | $ | (34,508 | ) |  | $ | 52,618 |

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets (Continued)
March 31, 2020
(in millions of dollars)

|  | Altria Group, Inc. |  |  | PM USA |  |  | Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Total Consolidating Adjustments |  |  | Consolidated |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term borrowings |  | $ | 3,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,000 |
Accounts payable |  | 1 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 141 |  |  | — |  |  | 278 |
Accrued liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketing |  | — |  |  | 391 |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | 467 |
Settlement charges |  | — |  |  | 4,410 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,419 |
Other |  | 312 |  |  | 343 |  |  | 377 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,032 |
Income taxes |  | 6 |  |  | 508 |  |  | 105 |  |  | (226 | ) |  | 393 |
Dividends payable |  | 1,565 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,565 |
Due to Altria Group, Inc. and subsidiaries |  | 6,278 |  |  | 587 |  |  | 247 |  |  | (7,112 | ) |  | — |
Total current liabilities |  | 11,162 |  |  | 6,375 |  |  | 955 |  |  | (7,338 | ) |  | 11,154 |
Long-term debt |  | 26,971 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,971 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 3,228 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,571 |  |  | (608 | ) |  | 5,191 |
Accrued pension costs |  | 196 |  |  | — |  |  | 231 |  |  | — |  |  | 427 |
Accrued postretirement health care costs |  | — |  |  | 1,076 |  |  | 722 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,798 |
Due to Altria Group, Inc. and subsidiaries |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,790 |  |  | (4,790 | ) |  | — |
Other liabilities |  | 59 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 253 |  |  | — |  |  | 402 |
Total liabilities |  | 41,616 |  |  | 7,541 |  |  | 9,522 |  |  | (12,736 | ) |  | 45,943 |
Contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |
Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock |  | 935 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | 935 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 5,959 |  |  | 3,310 |  |  | 27,566 |  |  | (30,876 | ) |  | 5,959 |
Earnings reinvested in the business |  | 36,528 |  |  | 393 |  |  | (7,441 | ) |  | 7,048 |  |  | 36,528 |
Accumulated other comprehensive losses |  | (2,533 | ) |  | (216 | ) |  | (1,849 | ) |  | 2,065 |  |  | (2,533 | )
Cost of repurchased stock |  | (34,346 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (34,346 | )
Total stockholders’ equity attributable to Altria Group, Inc. |  | 6,543 |  |  | 3,487 |  |  | 18,285 |  |  | (21,772 | ) |  | 6,543 |
Noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 94 |  |  | — |  |  | 94 |
Total stockholders’ equity |  | 6,543 |  |  | 3,487 |  |  | 18,379 |  |  | (21,772 | ) |  | 6,637 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  | $ | 48,159 |  |  | $ | 11,028 |  |  | $ | 27,939 |  |  | $ | (34,508 | ) |  | $ | 52,618 |

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets
December 31, 2019
(in millions of dollars)

|  | Altria Group, Inc. |  |  | PM USA |  |  | Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Total Consolidating Adjustments |  |  | Consolidated |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 2,022 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,117 |
Receivables |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | 122 |  |  | — |  |  | 152 |
Inventories: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Leaf tobacco |  | — |  |  | 494 |  |  | 380 |  |  | — |  |  | 874 |
Other raw materials |  | — |  |  | 120 |  |  | 72 |  |  | — |  |  | 192 |
Work in process |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 692 |  |  | — |  |  | 696 |
Finished product |  | — |  |  | 119 |  |  | 412 |  |  | — |  |  | 531 |
|  | — |  |  | 737 |  |  | 1,556 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,293 |
Due from Altria Group, Inc. and subsidiaries |  | 88 |  |  | 4,005 |  |  | 1,359 |  |  | (5,452 | ) |  | — |
Other current assets |  | 133 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 114 |  |  | (49 | ) |  | 262 |
Total current assets |  | 2,243 |  |  | 4,836 |  |  | 3,246 |  |  | (5,501 | ) |  | 4,824 |
Property, plant and equipment, at cost |  | — |  |  | 2,956 |  |  | 2,118 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,074 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  | — |  |  | 2,166 |  |  | 909 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,075 |
|  | — |  |  | 790 |  |  | 1,209 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,999 |
Goodwill |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,177 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,177 |
Other intangible assets, net |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 12,685 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,687 |
Investments in equity securities |  | 18,071 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,510 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,581 |
Investment in consolidated subsidiaries |  | 19,312 |  |  | 2,831 |  |  | — |  |  | (22,143 | ) |  | — |
Due from Altria Group, Inc. and subsidiaries |  | 4,790 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,790 | ) |  | — |
Other assets |  | 58 |  |  | 951 |  |  | 603 |  |  | (609 | ) |  | 1,003 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 44,474 |  |  | $ | 9,410 |  |  | $ | 28,430 |  |  | $ | (33,043 | ) |  | $ | 49,271 |

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets (Continued)
December 31, 2019
(in millions of dollars)

|  | Altria Group, Inc. |  |  | PM USA |  |  | Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Total Consolidating Adjustments |  |  | Consolidated |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt |  | $ | 1,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,000 |
Accounts payable |  | — |  |  | 146 |  |  | 179 |  |  | — |  |  | 325 |
Accrued liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketing |  | — |  |  | 320 |  |  | 73 |  |  | — |  |  | 393 |
Settlement charges |  | — |  |  | 3,340 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,346 |
Other |  | 570 |  |  | 482 |  |  | 481 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,533 |
Income taxes |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | (49 | ) |  | 12 |
Dividends payable |  | 1,565 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,565 |
Due to Altria Group, Inc. and subsidiaries |  | 4,693 |  |  | 514 |  |  | 245 |  |  | (5,452 | ) |  | — |
Total current liabilities |  | 7,834 |  |  | 4,802 |  |  | 1,039 |  |  | (5,501 | ) |  | 8,174 |
Long-term debt |  | 27,042 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,042 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 3,099 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,593 |  |  | (609 | ) |  | 5,083 |
Accrued pension costs |  | 197 |  |  | — |  |  | 276 |  |  | — |  |  | 473 |
Accrued postretirement health care costs |  | — |  |  | 1,078 |  |  | 719 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,797 |
Due to Altria Group, Inc. and subsidiaries |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,790 |  |  | (4,790 | ) |  | — |
Other liabilities |  | 80 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 178 |  |  | — |  |  | 345 |
Total liabilities |  | 38,252 |  |  | 5,967 |  |  | 9,595 |  |  | (10,900 | ) |  | 42,914 |
Contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Redeemable noncontrolling interest |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |
Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock |  | 935 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | 935 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 5,970 |  |  | 3,310 |  |  | 27,565 |  |  | (30,875 | ) |  | 5,970 |
Earnings reinvested in the business |  | 36,539 |  |  | 352 |  |  | (6,997 | ) |  | 6,645 |  |  | 36,539 |
Accumulated other comprehensive losses |  | (2,864 | ) |  | (219 | ) |  | (1,877 | ) |  | 2,096 |  |  | (2,864 | )
Cost of repurchased stock |  | (34,358 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (34,358 | )
Total stockholders’ equity attributable to Altria Group, Inc. |  | 6,222 |  |  | 3,443 |  |  | 18,700 |  |  | (22,143 | ) |  | 6,222 |
Noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 97 |  |  | — |  |  | 97 |
Total stockholders’ equity |  | 6,222 |  |  | 3,443 |  |  | 18,797 |  |  | (22,143 | ) |  | 6,319 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  | $ | 44,474 |  |  | $ | 9,410 |  |  | $ | 28,430 |  |  | $ | (33,043 | ) |  | $ | 49,271 |

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Earnings
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
(in millions of dollars)

|  | Altria Group, Inc. |  |  | PM USA |  |  | Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Total Consolidating Adjustments |  |  | Consolidated |
Net revenues |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,359 |  |  | $ | 1,008 |  |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | 6,359 |
Cost of sales |  | — |  |  | 1,532 |  |  | 649 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 2,173 |
Excise taxes on products |  | — |  |  | 1,267 |  |  | 46 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,313 |
Gross profit |  | — |  |  | 2,560 |  |  | 313 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,873 |
Marketing, administration and research costs |  | 22 |  |  | 387 |  |  | 128 |  |  | — |  |  | 537 |
Operating income (expense) |  | (22 | ) |  | 2,173 |  |  | 185 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,336 |
Interest and other debt expense (income), net |  | 237 |  |  | (18 | ) |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | 275 |
Net periodic benefit (income) cost, excluding service cost |  | — |  |  | (22 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (27 | )
Earnings from equity investments |  | (134 | ) |  | — |  |  | (23 | ) |  | — |  |  | (157 | )
Loss on Cronos-related financial instruments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 137 |  |  | — |  |  | 137 |
Earnings (losses) before income taxes and equity earnings of subsidiaries |  | (125 | ) |  | 2,213 |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,108 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |  | (32 | ) |  | 550 |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | 558 |
Equity earnings of subsidiaries |  | 1,645 |  |  | 126 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,771 | ) |  | — |
Net earnings |  | 1,552 |  |  | 1,789 |  |  | (20 | ) |  | (1,771 | ) |  | 1,550 |
Net (earnings) losses attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Net earnings attributable to Altria |  | $ | 1,552 |  |  | $ | 1,789 |  |  | $ | (18 | ) |  | $ | (1,771 | ) |  | $ | 1,552 |
Net earnings |  | $ | 1,552 |  |  | $ | 1,789 |  |  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | (1,771 | ) |  | $ | 1,550 |
Other comprehensive earnings (losses), net of deferred income taxes |  | 331 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 28 |  |  | (31 | ) |  | 331 |
Comprehensive earnings |  | 1,883 |  |  | 1,792 |  |  | 8 |  |  | (1,802 | ) |  | 1,881 |
Comprehensive (earnings) losses attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Comprehensive earnings attributable to Altria |  | $ | 1,883 |  |  | $ | 1,792 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | (1,802 | ) |  | $ | 1,883 |

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Earnings
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(in millions of dollars)

|  | Altria Group, Inc. |  |  | PM USA |  |  | Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Total Consolidating Adjustments |  |  | Consolidated |
Net revenues |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,725 |  |  | $ | 913 |  |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | 5,628 |
Cost of sales |  | — |  |  | 1,340 |  |  | 248 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 1,578 |
Excise taxes on products |  | — |  |  | 1,185 |  |  | 54 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,239 |
Gross profit |  | — |  |  | 2,200 |  |  | 611 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,811 |
Marketing, administration and research costs |  | 35 |  |  | 384 |  |  | 114 |  |  | — |  |  | 533 |
Asset impairment and exit costs |  | 1 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |
Operating income (expense) |  | (36 | ) |  | 1,781 |  |  | 493 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,238 |
Interest and other debt expense (income), net |  | 355 |  |  | (25 | ) |  | 54 |  |  | — |  |  | 384 |
Net periodic benefit (income) cost, excluding service cost |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Earnings from equity investments |  | (86 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (86 | )
Loss on Cronos-related financial instruments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 425 |  |  | — |  |  | 425 |
Earnings (losses) before income taxes and equity earnings of subsidiaries |  | (306 | ) |  | 1,806 |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,516 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |  | (75 | ) |  | 459 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 395 |
Equity earnings of subsidiaries |  | 1,351 |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,446 | ) |  | — |
Net earnings |  | 1,120 |  |  | 1,442 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (1,446 | ) |  | 1,121 |
Net (earnings) losses attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Net earnings attributable to Altria |  | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 1,442 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (1,446 | ) |  | $ | 1,120 |
Net earnings |  | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 1,442 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (1,446 | ) |  | $ | 1,121 |
Other comprehensive earnings (losses), net of deferred income taxes |  | (170 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | 23 |  |  | (28 | ) |  | (170 | )
Comprehensive earnings |  | 950 |  |  | 1,447 |  |  | 28 |  |  | (1,474 | ) |  | 951 |
Comprehensive (earnings) losses attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Comprehensive earnings attributable to Altria |  | $ | 950 |  |  | $ | 1,447 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | (1,474 | ) |  | $ | 950 |

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
(in millions of dollars)

|  | Altria Group, Inc. |  |  | PM USA |  |  | Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Total Consolidating Adjustments |  |  | Consolidated |
Cash Provided by (Used In) Operating Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | $ | 1,515 |  |  | $ | 3,351 |  |  | $ | 437 |  |  | $ | (2,174 | ) |  | $ | 3,129 |
Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | — |  |  | (15 | ) |  | (37 | ) |  | — |  |  | (52 | )
Investment in consolidated subsidiaries |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Other, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  | (1 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (37 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (52 | )
Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from short-term borrowings |  | 3,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,000 |
Long-term debt repaid |  | (1,000 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,000 | )
Dividends paid on common stock |  | (1,563 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,563 | )
Changes in amounts due to/from Altria Group, Inc. and subsidiaries |  | 1,584 |  |  | (1,582 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | — |
Cash dividends paid to parent |  | — |  |  | (1,748 | ) |  | (426 | ) |  | 2,174 |  |  | — |
Other, net |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (10 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | 2,012 |  |  | (3,330 | ) |  | (428 | ) |  | 2,173 |  |  | 427 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase (decrease) |  | 3,526 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (28 | ) |  | — |  |  | 3,504 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | 2,022 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,160 |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 5,548 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,664 |

(1) | Restricted cash consisted of cash deposits collateralizing appeal bonds posted by PM USA to obtain stays of judgments pending appeals. See Note 11. Contingencies.

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(in millions of dollars)

|  | Altria Group, Inc. |  |  | PM USA |  |  | Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  |  | Total Consolidating Adjustments |  |  | Consolidated |
Cash Provided by (Used In) Operating Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | $ | 1,642 |  |  | $ | 2,520 |  |  | $ | 166 |  |  | $ | (2,039 | ) |  | $ | 2,289 |
Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | — |  |  | (9 | ) |  | (29 | ) |  | — |  |  | (38 | )
Investment in Cronos |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,831 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,831 | )
Investment in consolidated subsidiaries |  | (1,947 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,947 |  |  | — |
Other, net |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (78 | ) |  | — |  |  | (81 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  | (1,950 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (1,938 | ) |  | 1,947 |  |  | (1,950 | )
Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repayment of short-term borrowings |  | (12,800 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,800 | )
Long-term debt issued |  | 16,265 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,265 |
Repurchases of common stock |  | (151 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (151 | )
Dividends paid on common stock |  | (1,502 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,502 | )
Changes in amounts due to/from Altria Group, Inc. and subsidiaries |  | 657 |  |  | (771 | ) |  | 2,061 |  |  | (1,947 | ) |  | — |
Cash dividends paid to parent |  | — |  |  | (1,737 | ) |  | (302 | ) |  | 2,039 |  |  | — |
Other |  | (120 | ) |  | — |  |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (129 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | 2,349 |  |  | (2,508 | ) |  | 1,750 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 1,683 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase (decrease) |  | 2,041 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (22 | ) |  | — |  |  | 2,022 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | 1,277 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,433 |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 3,318 |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,455 |

(1) Restricted cash consisted of cash deposits collateralizing appeal bonds posted by PM USA to obtain stays of judgments pending appeals. See Note 11. Contingencies.
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Note 13. New Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted:
The following table provides a description of issued accounting guidance applicable to, but not yet adopted by, Altria:

Standards | Description | Effective Date for Public Entity | Effect on Financial Statements
ASU 2019-12 Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740) | The guidance removes certain exceptions for investments, intraperiod allocations and interim calculations, and adds guidance to reduce complexity in accounting for income taxes. | The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early application is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. | Altria is in the process of evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
ASU 2020-01 Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815 | The guidance provides clarification of the interaction of rules for equity securities, the equity method of accounting, and forward contracts and purchase options on certain types of securities. | The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early application is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. | Altria is in the process of evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Description of the Company
When used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”), the terms "Altria," "we," "us" and "our" refers to Altria Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise specified or unless otherwise required.
For a description of Altria, see Background in Note 1. Background and Basis of Presentation to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q (“Item 1”).
In the first quarter of 2020, Altria renamed its smokeless products segment as the oral tobacco products segment. Altria’s reportable segments are smokeable products, oral tobacco products and wine. The financial services and the innovative tobacco products businesses are included in an all other category due to the continued reduction of the lease portfolio of Philip Morris Capital Corporation and the relative financial contribution of Altria’s innovative tobacco products businesses to Altria’s consolidated results.
Executive Summary
In this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section, Altria refers to the following “adjusted” financial measures: adjusted operating companies income (loss); adjusted operating companies income margins; adjusted net earnings attributable to Altria and adjusted diluted earnings per share attributable to Altria (“EPS”). These adjusted financial measures are not required by, or calculated in accordance with, United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and may not be calculated the same as similarly titled measures used by other companies. These adjusted financial measures should thus be considered as supplemental in nature and not considered in isolation or as a substitute for the related financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. Except as noted below, when Altria provides a non-GAAP measure in this Form 10-Q, it also provides a reconciliation of that non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. For a further description of these non-GAAP financial measures, see the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section below.
COVID-19
The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, has led to adverse impacts on the U.S. and global economies and created economic uncertainty. Although much uncertainty still surrounds the pandemic, including its duration and ultimate overall impact on U.S and global economies, our subsidiaries’ operations and those of our investees, Altria is carefully evaluating potential outcomes and working to mitigate risks. Specifically, Altria is focused on any potential impact to our liquidity, operations, supply and distribution chains and on economic conditions.
In terms of Altria’s liquidity, despite some volatility in the commercial paper market in March 2020, Altria believes it is in a solid financial position and, for the coming quarters, expects to maintain a higher cash balance than normal to preserve its financial flexibility. As a precautionary measure, in March 2020, Altria borrowed the entire $3.0 billion available under its senior unsecured 5-year revolving credit agreement, dated August 1, 2018 (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). In addition, Altria did not repurchase any shares in the first quarter of 2020 under its current $1.0 billion share repurchase program, and in April 2020, Altria’s Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors”) rescinded the $500 million remaining in the share repurchase program.
As with so many other companies throughout the U.S. and globally, Altria’s operations have been affected by COVID-19. Altria has implemented remote working for many employees and aligned with the recommended social distancing protocols from public health authorities. To date, Altria believes it has experienced minimal impact to productivity due to the remote working and its critical information technology systems have remained operational. Although Altria temporarily suspended operations at Philip Morris USA Inc.’s (“PM USA”) Richmond, Virginia-area manufacturing facilities, John Middleton Co.’s (Middleton) King of Prussia, Pennsylvania manufacturing facility, as well as U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company LLC’s (“USSTC”) Nashville, Tennessee-area manufacturing facilities in March 2020, Altria resumed operations at those facilities under enhanced safety protocols in April 2020 and all of Altria’s manufacturing facilities are currently operational. In addition, Helix Innovations LLC (“Helix”) continues to build domestic manufacturing capacity for on! in the Richmond Manufacturing Center. Currently, installed annualized capacity is approximately 25 million cans; however, due to the impacts of COVID-19, Helix expects potential delays in its ability to achieve annualized production capacity of 50 million cans by mid-year and 75
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million cans by the end of 2020. Altria is continuing to monitor the risks associated with facility disruptions and workforce availability as a result of COVID-19 uncertainty.
Altria’s suppliers and those within its distribution chain also may be subject to government action requiring the closure of a facility and remote working protocols. To date, Altria has not experienced any material disruptions to its supply chains or distribution systems, nor has it experienced any material adverse effects associated with governmental actions to restrict consumer movement or business operations, but is continuing to monitor these factors. The majority of retail stores in which Altria’s products are sold, including convenience stores, have been deemed to be essential businesses by authorities and have remained open. Altria is continuing to monitor the risk that a supplier, distributor or any other entity within our supply and distribution chain closes temporarily or permanently.
In March 2020, PM USA temporarily closed its Atlanta and Richmond IQOS stores and paused its IQOS interactive marketing efforts. PM USA will consider guidance from public health authorities and consumer sentiment in deciding when to reopen the stores and resume its interactive marketing approach. HeatSticks remain available for sale in over 500 Atlanta and Richmond retail stores, and PM USA does not currently anticipate product availability issues. PM USA has also delayed the launch of IQOS in Charlotte due to COVID-19 concerns.
Although Altria’s core tobacco businesses have not been materially impacted to date by COVID-19, there is uncertainty as to how COVID-19 may impact the adult consumer. Altria is monitoring the macro-economic risks of COVID-19 and their effect on adult tobacco consumers, including impacts to unemployment rates, consumer confidence levels, number of housing starts and gasoline prices. Altria is also monitoring adult tobacco consumers purchasing behavior, including overall tobacco product expenditures, mix between premium and discount brand purchases (including a significant increase in deep discount category volumes in the first quarter of 2020 versus the prior quarter) and interest in noncombustible products.
While Altria’s core tobacco businesses have not been materially impacted to date by COVID-19, Altria has experienced some impacts to its alcohol assets. In the wine business, Ste. Michelle Wine Estates Ltd.’s (“Ste. Michelle”) on-premise wine sales in restaurants, bars, hospitality venues and cruise lines have been negatively affected by COVID-19 disruptions. In the first quarter of 2020, Ste. Michelle recorded pre-tax charges of $392 million consisting of (i) the write-off of inventory and (ii) estimated losses on future non-cancelable grape purchase commitments associated with product volume demand uncertainty, which has been further impacted by the economic uncertainty surrounding COVID-19. Altria and Ste. Michelle also undertook a review of the wine business resulting in a strategic reset. Ste. Michelle will continue to monitor the impact of COVID-19 associated risks to its business, results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV (“ABI’) has also been impacted by COVID-19, recently announcing a 50% reduction to its upcoming dividend and the withdrawal of its earning guidance for 2020 due to the uncertainty, volatility and impact of COVID-19. As a result of these announcements, Altria has reduced expectations for equity earnings and cash dividends from ABI in 2020. In addition, the extreme market disruption and volatility associated with COVID-19 has resulted in a steep decline in ABI’s stock price, and the fair value of Altria’s investment in ABI is now well below the carrying value of its investment in ABI. While Altria believes that this decline is temporary, it will continue to monitor its investment in ABI and the impact of COVID-19 on ABI’s business and market valuation. If Altria were to conclude that the decline in fair value is other than temporary, Altria would determine and recognize, in the period identified, the impairment of its investment, which could be material. Altria has considered the impact of COVID-19 on the businesses of JUUL Labs, Inc. (“JUUL”) and Cronos Group Inc. (“Cronos”), including their sales, distribution, operations, supply chain and liquidity, and, at this time, Altria believes the impact of COVID-19 to these businesses is not material, and Altria’s assessment, which included the consideration of potential impacts of COVID-19 on the businesses, did not result in impairment at March 31, 2020.
In addition, due to the uncertainties related to the impact of COVID-19 and varying economic recovery scenarios, Altria withdrew its forecast for its full-year 2020 adjusted diluted EPS growth rate. For further discussion, see 2020 Forecasted Results below.
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Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020: The changes in net earnings attributable to Altria and diluted EPS attributable to Altria for the three months ended March 31, 2020, from the three months ended March 31, 2019, were due primarily to the following:

| Net Earnings |  | Diluted EPS
| (in millions, except per share data)
For the three months ended March 31, 2019 | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |
2019 Asset impairment, exit, implementation and acquisition-related costs | 125 |  |  | 0.06 |
2019 Tobacco and health litigation items | 13 |  |  | 0.01 |
2019 ABI-related special items 1 | 129 |  |  | 0.07 |
2019 Cronos-related special items | 328 |  |  | 0.17 |
2019 Tax items | 19 |  |  | 0.01 |
Subtotal 2019 special items | 614 |  |  | 0.32 |
2020 Implementation and acquisition-related costs | (300 | ) |  | (0.16 | )
2020 Tobacco and health litigation items | (19 | ) |  | (0.01 | )
2020 ABI-related special items | (44 | ) |  | (0.03 | )
2020 Cronos-related special items | (95 | ) |  | (0.05 | )
2020 Tax items | (24 | ) |  | (0.01 | )
Subtotal 2020 special items | (482 | ) |  | (0.26 | )
Fewer shares outstanding | — |  |  | 0.01 |
Change in tax rate | (1 | ) |  | — |
Operations | 301 |  |  | 0.16 |
For the three months ended March 31, 2020 | $ | 1,552 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |
2020 Reported Net Earnings | $ | 1,552 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |
2019 Reported Net Earnings | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |
% Change | 38.6 | % |  | 38.3 | %
2020 Adjusted Net Earnings and Adjusted Diluted EPS | $ | 2,034 |  |  | $ | 1.09 |
2019 Adjusted Net Earnings and Adjusted Diluted EPS 1 | $ | 1,734 |  |  | $ | 0.92 |
% Change | 17.3 | % |  | 18.5 | %

1 Prior period amounts have been recast to conform with current period presentation for certain ABI mark-to-market adjustments that were not previously identified as special items and that are now excluded from Altria’s adjusted financial measures. For further discussion, see below.
For a discussion of events affecting the comparability of statement of earnings amounts and reconciliations of adjusted earnings attributable to Altria and adjusted diluted EPS attributable to Altria, see the Consolidated Operating Results section below.
Fewer Shares Outstanding: Fewer shares outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared with the prior-year period were due primarily to shares repurchased by Altria under its share repurchase programs.
Operations: The increase of $301 million in operations shown in the table above was due primarily to higher income from the smokeable products and oral tobacco products segments, partially offset by lower earnings from Altria’s equity investment in ABI.
For further details, see the Consolidated Operating Results and Operating Results by Business Segment sections below.
2020 Forecasted Results: Due to the uncertainties related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and economic recovery scenarios, Altria withdrew its forecast for its full-year 2020 adjusted diluted EPS growth rate of 4% to 7% over its 2019 full-year adjusted diluted EPS base, which has been recast to $4.21 (from $4.22) for a change in ABI-related special items as shown
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in the table below. In making the decision, Altria considered various factors, including uncertain contributions from its equity investment in ABI and the potential impacts of COVID-19 on the macro-economic environment and adult tobacco consumers. Altria is continuing to assess the COVID-19 situation and intends to reestablish guidance at the appropriate time.

Reconciliation of 2019 Reported Diluted EPS to 2019 Adjusted Diluted EPS
2019 Reported diluted EPS | $ | (0.70 | )
Asset impairment, exit, implementation and acquisition-related costs | 0.15 |
Tobacco and health litigation items | 0.03 |
Impairment of JUUL equity securities | 4.60 |
ABI-related special items 1 | (0.16 | )
Cronos-related special items | 0.34 |
Tax items | (0.05 | )
2019 Adjusted diluted EPS | $ | 4.21 |

1 Beginning in the first quarter of 2020, Altria changed its treatment of Altria’s share of ABI’s mark-to-market activity relating to certain ABI financial instruments associated with its share-based compensation programs that were previously included in Altria’s adjusted results. These amounts will now be treated as special items and excluded from Altria’s adjusted results. The change is consistent with Altria’s treatment of its share of ABI’s mark-to-market activity on ABI’s financial instruments associated with its other share commitments. Altria has recast prior period results to conform with current period presentation.
Discussion and Analysis
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Altria’s critical accounting policies and estimates are discussed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “2019 Form 10-K”); there have been no material changes to these critical accounting policies and estimates, except as noted below.

▪ | Investments in ABI and Cronos:

Altria reviews its equity investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting (ABI and Cronos) for impairment on a quarterly basis in connection with the preparation of its financial statements by comparing the fair value of each of its investments to their carrying value. If the carrying value of an investment exceeds its fair value and the loss in value is other than temporary, the investment is considered impaired and reduced to fair value, and the impairment is recognized in the period identified.
Investment in ABI
At March 31, 2020, Altria’s investment in ABI consisted of 185 million restricted shares of ABI (the “Restricted Shares”) and 12 million ordinary shares of ABI. The fair value of Altria’s equity investment in ABI is based on: (i) unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for ABI’s ordinary shares and was classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy and (ii) observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets, for the Restricted Shares, and was classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Altria may, in certain instances, pledge or otherwise grant a security interest in all or part of its Restricted Shares. In the event the pledgee or security interest holder were to foreclose on the Restricted Shares, the encumbered Restricted Shares will be automatically converted, one-for-one, into ordinary shares. Therefore, the fair value of each Restricted Share is based on the value of an ordinary share.
The fair value of Altria’s equity investment in ABI at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $8.8 billion (carrying value of $18.5 billion) and $16.1 billion (carrying value of $18.1 billion), respectively, which was less than its carrying value by approximately 52% and 11%, respectively. At April 27, 2020, the fair value of Altria’s investment was approximately $8.6 billion (approximately 53% below its carrying value). As recently as September 30, 2019, the fair value of Altria’s equity investment in ABI exceeded its carrying value. In October 2019, the fair value of Altria’s equity investment in ABI declined below its carrying value and has not recovered. Altria has evaluated the factors related to the fair value decline, including the recent impact on the fair value of ABI’s shares amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, which has impacted the equity markets. Altria has also evaluated ABI’s financial condition and near-term prospects, and Altria’s intent and ability to hold its investment in ABI until recovery. Altria concluded at March 31, 2020, the decline in fair value of its investment in ABI below its carrying value is temporary and, therefore, no impairment was recorded. This conclusion was based on the following factors:
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▪ | the fair value of Altria’s equity investment in ABI historically exceeding its carrying value since October 2016, when Altria obtained its ownership interest in ABI, with the exception of certain periods starting in September 2018;

▪ | a history of significant recovery in stock price during 2019 which Altria believes indicates investor confidence in ABI’s ability to implement its business strategies and deleveraging plans;

▪ | the relatively short period of time that ABI shares have traded below Altria’s carrying value;

▪ | the extreme equity market disruption and volatility associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in stock prices across all markets that Altria does not believe are reflective of actual underlying equity values;

▪ | ABI’s recent proactive actions to preserve financial flexibility through the period of significant financial market and operational volatility and uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including the following actions since December 31, 2019: (i) ABI’s April 2020 announcement of a 50% reduction to its upcoming dividend; (ii) ABI’s borrowing of the full $9 billion commitment under its revolving facility; (iii) ABI’s debt issuances of $6 billion and 4.5 billion euro denominated senior notes for general corporate purposes; and (iv) ABI’s reaffirmation that it expects to close the sale of its Australia subsidiary in the second quarter of 2020;

▪ | ABI’s global platform (world’s largest brewer by volume and one of the world’s top ten consumer products companies by revenue) with strong market positions in key markets, geographic diversification, experienced management team, strict financial discipline (cost management and efficiency) and expected earnings and history of performance; and

▪ | Altria’s ownership of restricted shares being subject to a five-year lock-up (subject to limited exceptions) ending October 10, 2021, which Altria believes provides sufficient time to allow for an anticipated recovery in the fair value of its investment in ABI.

Altria will continue to monitor its investment in ABI, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ABI’s business and market valuation. If Altria were to conclude that the decline in fair value is other than temporary, Altria would determine and recognize, in the period identified, the impairment of its investment, which could result in a material adverse effect on Altria’s consolidated financial position or earnings.
Investment in Cronos
The fair value of Altria’s equity method investment in Cronos is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for Cronos’s common shares and was classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of Altria’s equity method investment in Cronos at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $0.9 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, compared with its carrying value of $1.0 billion at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. At March 31, 2020, the fair value of Altria’s equity method investment in Cronos was below its carrying value by 14%. Based on Altria’s evaluation of the duration and magnitude of the fair value decline at March 31, 2020, Altria’s evaluation of Cronos’s financial condition (including its strong cash position) and near-term prospects, and Altria’s intent and ability to hold its investment in Cronos until recovery, Altria concluded that the decline in fair value of its equity method investment in Cronos below its carrying value is temporary and, therefore, no impairment was recorded. At April 27, 2020, the fair value of Altria’s equity method investment in Cronos was approximately $1.0 billion (which approximates its carrying value). Altria will continue to assess the fair value of its equity method investment in Cronos to determine if any decline in fair value below its carrying value is other than temporary.
For further discussion of Altria’s investments in ABI and Cronos, see Note 4. Investments in Equity Securities to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1.
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Consolidated Operating Results

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Net revenues: |  |  |
Smokeable products | $ | 5,606 |  |  | $ | 4,935 |
Oral tobacco products | 601 |  |  | 540 |
Wine | 146 |  |  | 151 |
All other | 6 |  |  | 2 |
Net revenues | $ | 6,359 |  |  | $ | 5,628 |
Excise taxes on products: |  |  |
Smokeable products | $ | 1,278 |  |  | $ | 1,203 |
Oral tobacco products | 31 |  |  | 31 |
Wine | 4 |  |  | 5 |
Excise taxes on products | $ | 1,313 |  |  | $ | 1,239 |
Operating income: |  |  |
Operating companies income (loss): |  |  |
Smokeable products | $ | 2,370 |  |  | $ | 1,932 |
Oral tobacco products | 414 |  |  | 358 |
Wine | (379 | ) |  | 15 |
All other | (5 | ) |  | (12 | )
Amortization of intangibles | (19 | ) |  | (8 | )
General corporate expenses | (45 | ) |  | (46 | )
Corporate asset impairment and exit costs | — |  |  | (1 | )
Operating income | $ | 2,336 |  |  | $ | 2,238 |

As discussed further in Note 9. Segment Reporting to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 (“Note 9”), Altria’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews operating companies income (loss) (“OCI”) to evaluate the performance of, and allocate resources to, the segments. OCI for the segments is defined as operating income before general corporate expenses and amortization of intangibles.
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The following table provides a reconciliation of adjusted net earnings attributable to Altria and adjusted diluted EPS attributable to Altria for the three months ended March 31:

(in millions of dollars, except per share data) | Earnings before Income Taxes | Provision for Income Taxes | Net Earnings | Net Earnings Attributable to Altria | Diluted EPS
2020 Reported | $ | 2,108 |  | $ | 558 |  | $ | 1,550 |  | $ | 1,552 |  | $ | 0.83 |
ABI-related special items | 56 |  | 12 |  | 44 |  | 44 |  | 0.03 |
Implementation and acquisition-related costs | 395 |  | 95 |  | 300 |  | 300 |  | 0.16 |
Tobacco and health litigation items | 24 |  | 5 |  | 19 |  | 19 |  | 0.01 |
Cronos-related special items | 89 |  | (6 | ) | 95 |  | 95 |  | 0.05 |
Tax items | — |  | (24 | ) | 24 |  | 24 |  | 0.01 |
2020 Adjusted for Special Items | $ | 2,672 |  | $ | 640 |  | $ | 2,032 |  | $ | 2,034 |  | $ | 1.09 |
2019 Reported | $ | 1,516 |  | $ | 395 |  | $ | 1,121 |  | $ | 1,120 |  | $ | 0.60 |
ABI-related special items 1 | 163 |  | 34 |  | 129 |  | 129 |  | 0.07 |
Asset impairment, exit, implementation and acquisition-related costs | 159 |  | 34 |  | 125 |  | 125 |  | 0.06 |
Tobacco and health litigation items | 17 |  | 4 |  | 13 |  | 13 |  | 0.01 |
Cronos-related special items | 425 |  | 97 |  | 328 |  | 328 |  | 0.17 |
Tax items | — |  | (19 | ) | 19 |  | 19 |  | 0.01 |
2019 Adjusted for Special Items | $ | 2,280 |  | $ | 545 |  | $ | 1,735 |  | $ | 1,734 |  | $ | 0.92 |

1 Prior period amounts have been recast to conform with current period presentation for certain ABI mark-to-market adjustments not previously identified as special items and excluded from Altria’s adjusted financial measures. For further discussion, see Executive Summary - 2020 Forecast Results above.
The following events that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 affected the comparability of statement of earnings amounts:

▪ | Tobacco and Health Litigation Items: For a discussion of tobacco and health litigation items and a breakdown of these costs by segment, see Note 11. Contingencies to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 (“Note 11”) and Tobacco and Health Litigation Items in Note 9, respectively.

▪ | Asset Impairment, Exit, Implementation and Acquisition-Related Costs: Pre-tax asset impairment, exit, implementation and acquisition-related costs were $395 million and $159 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Ste. Michelle has been experiencing product volume demand uncertainty, which has been further negatively impacted in the first quarter by the economic uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic as discussed in the Operating Results - Wine Segment - Business Environment. As a result of wine inventory levels significantly exceeding forecasted product volume demand as of March 31, 2020 and other factors, Ste. Michelle recorded pre-tax charges of $392 million, which were included in cost of sales in Altria’s condensed consolidated statement of earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The charges consisted of the following: (i) write-off of inventory ($292 million) as Ste. Michelle no longer believes that the benefit of the blending and production plans for its inventory outweighs inventory carrying cost given the reduced product volume demand; and (ii) estimated losses on future non-cancelable grape purchase commitments that Ste. Michelle believes no longer have a future economic benefit ($100 million). In conjunction with Ste. Michelle’s examination of its inventory levels, Altria and Ste. Michelle undertook a review of Ste. Michelle’s wine business and have implemented a strategic reset in order to maximize Ste. Michelle’s profitability and achieve improved long-term cash-flow generation. Ste. Michelle expects to deliver pre-tax cost savings of approximately $15 million and pre-tax cash savings of approximately $40 million annually by 2021.
In December 2018, Altria announced a cost reduction program (which included workforce reductions and third-party spending across the businesses) that delivered approximately $600 million in annualized cost savings in 2019.
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For further discussion on asset impairment, exit and implementation costs, including a breakdown of these costs by segment, see Note 3. Asset Impairment, Exit and Implementation Costs to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 (“Note 3”).
For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, Altria incurred pre-tax acquisition-related costs of $3 million and $98 million, respectively. Substantially all of the pre-tax acquisition-related costs for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were for the write-off of debt issuance costs related to Altria’s short-term borrowings under the term loan agreement that Altria entered into in connection with its investments in JUUL and Cronos.

▪ | ABI-Related Special Items: Altria’s earnings from its equity investment in ABI for the three months ended March 31, 2020 included net pre-tax charges of $56 million, consisting primarily of Altria’s share of ABI’s net mark-to-market losses on certain ABI financial instruments associated with its share commitments, partially offset by an additional net gain related to the completion in October 2019 of ABI’s initial public offering of a minority stake of its Asia Pacific subsidiary, Budweiser Brewing Company APAC Limited.

Altria’s earnings from its equity investment in ABI for the three months ended March 31, 2019 included pre-tax charges of $163 million, consisting primarily of Altria’s share of ABI’s net mark-to-market losses on certain ABI financial instruments associated with its share commitments.

• | Cronos-Related Special Items: For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, Altria recorded net pre-tax losses of $89 million and $425 million, respectively, consisting of the following:

| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Loss on Cronos-related financial instruments(1) | $ | 137 |  |  | $ | 425 |
Earnings from Equity Investments(2) | (48 | ) |  | — |
Total Cronos-related special items - (Income) Expense | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | 425 |

(1) | The 2020 and substantially all of the 2019 amounts are related to the non-cash change in the fair value of the warrant and certain anti-dilution protections (the “Fixed-price Preemptive Rights”) acquired in the Cronos transaction.

(2) | Substantially all of these amounts represent Altria’s share of Cronos’s non-cash change in the fair value of Cronos’s derivative financial instruments associated with the issuance of additional shares.

For further discussion, see Note 5. Financial Instruments to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1.
Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 versus the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Net revenues, which include excise taxes billed to customers, increased $731 million (13.0%), due to higher net revenues in the smokeable products and oral tobacco products segments.
Cost of sales increased $595 million (37.7%), due primarily to the inventory-related charges in the wine segment in 2020 (as discussed above), higher per unit settlement charges and higher shipment volume in the smokeable products segment.
Excise taxes on products increased $74 million (6.0%), due primarily to higher smokeable products shipment volume.
Operating income increased $98 million (4.4%), due primarily to higher operating results from the smokeable products and oral tobacco products segments, partially offset by lower operating results from the wine segment.
Interest and other debt expense, net, decreased $109 million (28.4%), due primarily to debt issuance costs in 2019 for borrowings associated with the JUUL and Cronos transactions.
Earnings from Altria’s equity investments, increased $71 million (82.6%), due to higher earnings from Altria’s investment in ABI and earnings from Altria’s investment in Cronos in 2020 (which were both positively impacted by special items).
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Reported net earnings attributable to Altria of $1,552 million increased $432 million (38.6%), due primarily to lower loss on Cronos-related financial instruments, higher operating income, debt issuance costs in 2019 and higher earnings from Altria’s equity investments. Reported diluted and basic EPS attributable to Altria of $0.83, each increased by 38.3%, due to higher net earnings attributable to Altria and fewer shares outstanding.
Adjusted net earnings attributable to Altria of $2,034 million increased $300 million (17.3%), due primarily to higher adjusted OCI from the smokeable products and oral tobacco products segments, partially offset by lower adjusted earnings from Altria’s equity investment in ABI. Adjusted diluted EPS attributable to Altria of $1.09 increased by 18.5%, due to higher adjusted net earnings attributable to Altria and fewer shares outstanding.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
While Altria reports its financial results in accordance with GAAP, its management reviews certain financial results, including OCI, OCI margins, net earnings attributable to Altria and diluted EPS, on an adjusted basis, which excludes certain income and expense items that management believes are not part of underlying operations. These items may include, for example, restructuring charges, asset impairment charges, acquisition-related costs, equity investment-related special items (including any changes in fair value for the equity investment and any related warrants and preemptive rights), certain tax items, charges associated with tobacco and health litigation items, and resolutions of certain nonparticipating manufacturer (“NPM”) adjustment disputes under the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement (such dispute resolutions are referred to as “NPM Adjustment Items” and are more fully described in Health Care Cost Recovery Litigation - NPM Adjustment Disputes in Note 11. Altria’s management does not view any of these special items to be part of Altria’s underlying results as they may be highly variable, may be unusual or infrequent, are difficult to predict and can distort underlying business trends and results. Altria’s management also reviews income tax rates on an adjusted basis. Altria’s adjusted effective tax rate may exclude certain tax items from its reported effective tax rate.
Altria’s management believes that adjusted financial measures provide useful additional insight into underlying business trends and results, and provide a more meaningful comparison of year-over-year results. Adjusted financial measures are used by management and regularly provided to Altria’s CODM for planning, forecasting and evaluating business and financial performance, including allocating resources and evaluating results relative to employee compensation targets. These adjusted financial measures are not required by, or calculated in accordance with GAAP and may not be calculated the same as similarly titled measures used by other companies. These adjusted financial measures should thus be considered as supplemental in nature and not considered in isolation or as a substitute for the related financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Operating Results by Business Segment
Tobacco Space
Business Environment
Summary
The U.S. tobacco industry faces a number of business and legal challenges that have adversely affected and may adversely affect the business and sales volume of Altria’s tobacco subsidiaries and investees and Altria’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position. These challenges, some of which are discussed in more detail below, in Note 11 and in Part II, Item 1A., Risk Factors of this Form 10-Q (“Item 1A”) include:

▪ | pending and threatened litigation and bonding requirements;

▪ | restrictions and requirements imposed by the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (“FSPTCA”), and restrictions and requirements (and related enforcement actions) that have been, and in the future will be, imposed by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”);

▪ | actual and proposed excise tax increases, as well as changes in tax structures and tax stamping requirements;

▪ | bans and restrictions on tobacco use imposed by governmental entities and private establishments and employers;

▪ | other federal, state and local government actions, including:

▪ | restrictions on the sale of certain tobacco products, the sale of tobacco products by certain retail establishments, the sale of certain tobacco products with certain characterizing flavors and the sale of tobacco products in certain package sizes;

▪ | additional restrictions on the advertising and promotion of tobacco products;

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▪ | other actual and proposed tobacco product legislation and regulation; and

▪ | governmental investigations;

▪ | the diminishing prevalence of cigarette smoking;

▪ | increased efforts by tobacco control advocates and other private sector entities (including retail establishments) to further restrict the availability and use of tobacco products;

▪ | changes in adult tobacco consumer purchase behavior, which is influenced by various factors such as economic conditions, excise taxes and price gap relationships, may result in adult tobacco consumers switching to discount products or other lower-priced tobacco products;

▪ | the highly competitive nature of the tobacco categories in which Altria’s tobacco subsidiaries operate, including competitive disadvantages related to cigarette price increases attributable to the settlement of certain litigation;

▪ | illicit trade in tobacco products;

▪ | potential adverse changes in prices, availability and quality of tobacco, other raw materials and components; and

▪ | the COVID-19 pandemic.

In addition to and in connection with the foregoing, evolving adult tobacco consumer preferences pose challenges for Altria’s tobacco subsidiaries. Altria’s tobacco subsidiaries believe that a significant number of adult tobacco consumers switch among tobacco categories, use multiple forms of tobacco products and try innovative tobacco products, such as e-vapor products and oral nicotine pouches. In fact, a growing number of adult smokers are converting from cigarettes to exclusive use of non-combustible tobacco product alternatives. Up until the second half of 2019, the e-vapor category had experienced significant growth in recent years, and the number of adults who exclusively used e-vapor products also increased during that time which, along with growth in oral nicotine pouches, negatively impacted consumption levels and sales volume of cigarettes and moist smokeless tobacco (“MST”). Growth in the e-vapor category has been negatively impacted by legislative and regulatory activities discussed below. Based on the accelerated adult smoker movement across categories and the federal government raising the legal age to purchase tobacco products to 21, as discussed below under Federal, State and Local Legislation to Increase the Legal Age to Purchase Tobacco Products, Altria expects the U.S. adjusted cigarette industry volume for 2020 to decline by 4% - 6%. Due to the expected continued volatility across tobacco categories, Altria is no longer providing a multi-year forecast for U.S. cigarette industry volume decline. Altria and its tobacco subsidiaries believe the innovative tobacco product categories will continue to be dynamic as adult tobacco consumers explore a variety of tobacco product options and as the regulatory environment for these innovative tobacco products evolves.
Economic conditions also impact adult tobacco consumer purchase behavior. Prior economic downturns have resulted in adult tobacco consumers choosing discount products and other lower-priced tobacco products. If the COVID-19 pandemic results in an economic recession, adult tobacco consumers may increasingly choose these products. See Operating Results - Smokeable Products Segment in Item 2 for further discussion.
Altria and its tobacco subsidiaries work to meet these evolving adult tobacco consumer preferences over time by developing, manufacturing, marketing and distributing products both within and outside the U.S. through innovation and adjacency growth strategies (including, where appropriate, arrangements with, or investments in, third parties).
FSPTCA and FDA Regulation
The Regulatory Framework
The FSPTCA expressly establishes certain restrictions and prohibitions on our tobacco businesses and authorizes or requires further FDA action. Under the FSPTCA, the FDA has broad authority to (1) regulate the design, manufacture, packaging, advertising, promotion, sale and distribution of tobacco products; (2) require disclosures of related information; and (3) enforce the FSPTCA and related regulations. The FSPTCA applies to cigarettes, cigarette tobacco and smokeless tobacco(1) products, and as of 2016, Other Tobacco Products. See FDA Regulatory Actions - Deeming Regulations below.
Among other measures, the FSPTCA or its implementing regulations:

▪ | imposes restrictions on the advertising, promotion, sale and distribution of tobacco products, including at retail;

___________________________
(1) “Smokeless tobacco,” as used in this section of this Form 10-Q, refers to smokeless tobacco products first regulated by the FDA in 2009, including MST. It excludes oral nicotine pouches, which were first regulated by the FDA in 2016.
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▪ | bans descriptors such as “light,” “mild” or “low” or similar descriptors when used as descriptors of modified risk unless expressly authorized by the FDA;

▪ | requires extensive product disclosures to the FDA and may require public disclosures;

• | prohibits any express or implied claims that a tobacco product is or may be less harmful than other tobacco products without FDA authorization;

▪ | imposes reporting obligations relating to contraband activity and grants the FDA authority to impose recordkeeping and other obligations to address illicit trade in tobacco products;

▪ | changes the language of the cigarette and smokeless tobacco product health warnings, enlarges their size and requires the development by the FDA of graphic warnings for cigarettes, establishes warning requirements for Other Tobacco Products and gives the FDA the authority to require new warnings for any type of tobacco products (see FDA Regulatory Actions - Graphic Warnings below);

▪ | authorizes the FDA to adopt product regulations and related actions, including imposing tobacco product standards that are appropriate for the protection of the public health and imposing manufacturing standards for tobacco products (see FDA’s Comprehensive Regulatory Plan for Tobacco and Nicotine Regulation and FDA Regulatory Actions - Potential Product Standards below);

▪ | establishes pre-market review pathways for new and modified tobacco products for the FDA to follow (see Pre-Market Review Pathways Including Substantial Equivalence below); and

▪ | equips the FDA with a variety of investigatory and enforcement tools, including the authority to inspect tobacco product manufacturing and other facilities.

Pre-Market Review Pathways for Tobacco Products, Including Substantial Equivalence
The FSPTCA permits the sale of tobacco products that were commercially marketed as of February 15, 2007, and for which no modifications have been made to the products since that date (“Grandfathered Products”). For new and modified tobacco products, however, the FSPTCA imposes restrictions on marketing, requiring FDA review and authorization before marketing a new or modified product. Specifically, cigarettes, cigarette tobacco and smokeless tobacco products modified or first introduced into the market after March 22, 2011, and Other Tobacco Products modified or first introduced into the market after August 8, 2016, are subject to new tobacco product application and pre-market review and authorization requirements unless a manufacturer can demonstrate they are “substantially equivalent” to products commercially marketed as of February 15, 2007. The FDA could deny any such new tobacco product application or determine lack of substantial equivalence, thereby preventing the distribution and sale of any product affected by such denial. A manufacturer is permitted, however, to introduce Grandfathered Products into the marketplace.
For cigarettes, cigarette tobacco and smokeless tobacco products modified or first introduced into the market between February 15, 2007 and March 22, 2011 (“Provisional Products”) for which a manufacturer submitted substantial equivalence reports, the FDA may determine that such products are not “substantially equivalent” to products commercially marketed as of February 15, 2007. In such cases, the FDA could require the removal of such products from the marketplace (see FDA Regulatory Actions - Substantial Equivalence and Other New Product Processes/Pathways - Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco Products below).
Similarly, the FDA could determine that Other Tobacco Products modified or first introduced into the market between February 15, 2007 and August 8, 2016 for which a manufacturer submits substantial equivalence reports, are not “substantially equivalent” to products commercially marketed as of February 15, 2007, or reject a new tobacco product application submitted by a manufacturer, both of which could require the removal of such products from the marketplace (see FDA’s Comprehensive Regulatory Plan for Tobacco and Nicotine Regulation, and FDA Regulatory Actions - Substantial Equivalence and Other New Product Processes/Pathways - Other Tobacco Products below).
Modifications to currently marketed products, including modifications that result from, for example, changes to the quantity of tobacco product(s) in a package, a manufacturer being unable to acquire ingredients or a supplier being unable to maintain the consistency required in ingredients, can trigger the FDA’s pre-market review process described above. As noted, adverse determinations by the FDA during that process could restrict a manufacturer’s ability to continue marketing such products.
FDA’s Comprehensive Regulatory Plan for Tobacco and Nicotine Regulation
In July 2017, the FDA announced a comprehensive plan for tobacco and nicotine regulation designed to strike a balance between regulation and encouraging the development of innovative tobacco products that may be less risky than combustible cigarettes. Since then, the FDA has issued additional information about its comprehensive plan in response to concerns associated with the rise in the use of e-vapor products by youth, and the potential youth appeal of flavored tobacco products.
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The FDA said it is monitoring youth tobacco usage rates, particularly e-vapor product use, and exercised its regulatory authority by implementing measures designed to decrease youth tobacco use, including the removal of certain e-vapor products from the market (see FDA Regulatory Actions - Underage Access and Use of Certain Tobacco Products below).
Major components of the FDA’s comprehensive plan include the following:

▪ | issuing advance notices of proposed rulemaking (“ANPRM”) relating to potential product standards for nicotine in cigarettes, flavors in all tobacco products (including menthol in cigarettes and characterizing flavors in all cigars); and, for e-vapor products, protection against known public health risks such as concerns about youth exposure to liquid nicotine;

▪ | taking actions to restrict youth access to e-vapor products;

▪ | establishing content requirements for “new tobacco product” and “modified risk tobacco product” applications;

▪ | reconsidering the FDA review processes of substantial equivalence reports for Provisional Products and establishing review processes for e-vapor new product applications; and

▪ | revisiting the timelines (previously extended by the FDA) to submit applications for Other Tobacco Products.

See FDA Regulatory Actions below for further discussion.
Rulemaking and Guidance
The provisions of the FSPTCA that require the FDA to take action through rulemaking generally involve consideration of public comment and, for some issues, scientific review. As required by the FSPTCA, the FDA has established a tobacco product scientific advisory committee (the “TPSAC”), which consists of voting and non-voting members, to provide advice, reports, information and recommendations to the FDA on certain scientific and health issues relating to tobacco products. TPSAC votes are considered by the FDA, but are not binding. From time to time, the FDA issues guidance, which may be issued in draft or final form, and generally involves public comment. Altria’s tobacco subsidiaries participate actively in processes established by the FDA to develop and implement the FSPTCA’s regulatory framework, including submission of comments to various FDA proposals and participation in public hearings and engagement sessions.
The implementation of the FSPTCA and related regulations and guidance also may have an impact on enforcement efforts by U.S. states, territories and localities of their laws and regulations as well as of the State Settlement Agreements discussed below (see State Settlement Agreements below). Such enforcement efforts may adversely affect the ability of Altria’s tobacco subsidiaries and investees to market and sell regulated tobacco products in those states, territories and localities.
Impact on Our Business; Compliance Costs and User Fees
Regulations imposed and other regulatory actions taken by the FDA under the FSPTCA could have a material adverse effect on the business, consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of Altria and its tobacco subsidiaries in a number of different ways. For example, actions by the FDA could:

▪ | impact the consumer acceptability of tobacco products;

▪ | delay, discontinue or prevent the sale or distribution of existing, new or modified tobacco products;

▪ | limit adult tobacco consumer choices;

▪ | impose restrictions on communications with adult tobacco consumers;

▪ | create a competitive advantage or disadvantage for certain tobacco companies;

▪ | impose additional manufacturing, labeling or packaging requirements;

▪ | impose additional restrictions at retail;

▪ | result in increased illicit trade in tobacco products; or

▪ | otherwise significantly increase the cost of doing business.

The failure to comply with FDA regulatory requirements, even inadvertently, and FDA enforcement actions also could have a material adverse effect on the business, consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of Altria and its tobacco subsidiaries, including adversely affecting the value of Altria’s investment in JUUL.
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The FSPTCA imposes user fees on cigarette, cigarette tobacco, smokeless tobacco, cigar and pipe tobacco manufacturers and importers to pay for the cost of regulation and other matters. The FSPTCA does not impose user fees on e-vapor or oral nicotine pouch manufacturers. The cost of the FDA user fee is allocated first among tobacco product categories subject to FDA regulation and then among manufacturers and importers within each respective category based on their relative market shares, all as prescribed by the statute and FDA regulations. Payments for user fees are adjusted for several factors, including inflation, market share and industry volume. For a discussion of the impact of the FDA user fee payments on Altria, see Debt and Liquidity - Payments Under State Settlement Agreements and FDA Regulation below. In addition, compliance with the FSPTCA’s regulatory requirements has resulted and will continue to result in additional costs for Altria’s tobacco businesses. The amount of additional compliance and related costs has not been material in any given quarter or year to date period but could become material, either individually or in the aggregate, to one or more of Altria’s tobacco subsidiaries.
Investigation and Enforcement
The FDA has a number of investigatory and enforcement tools available to it, including document requests and other required information submissions, facility inspections, examinations and investigations, injunction proceedings, monetary penalties, product withdrawal and recall orders, and product seizures. The use of any of these investigatory or enforcement tools by the FDA could result in significant costs or otherwise have a material adverse effect on the business, consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of Altria and its tobacco subsidiaries, including adversely affecting the value of Altria’s investment in JUUL.
Final Tobacco Marketing Rule
As required by the FSPTCA, the FDA re-promulgated in March 2010 a wide range of advertising and promotion restrictions in substantially the same form as regulations that were previously adopted in 1996 (but never imposed on tobacco manufacturers due to a United States Supreme Court ruling) (the “Final Tobacco Marketing Rule”). The May 2016 amendments to the Final Tobacco Marketing Rule apply certain provisions to certain “covered tobacco products,” which include cigars, e-vapor products containing nicotine or other tobacco derivatives, pipe tobacco and oral nicotine pouches, but do not include any component or part that is not made or derived from tobacco. The Final Tobacco Marketing Rule as so amended:

▪ | bans the use of color and graphics in cigarette and smokeless tobacco product labeling and advertising;

▪ | prohibits the sale of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and covered tobacco products to persons under the age of 18 (See Federal, State and Local Legislation to Increase the Legal Age to Purchase Tobacco Products below for a discussion of more recent laws raising the minimum legal age to purchase tobacco products to 21);

▪ | restricts the use of non-tobacco trade and brand names on cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products;

▪ | requires the sale of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco in direct, face-to-face transactions;

▪ | prohibits sampling of cigarettes and covered tobacco products and prohibits sampling of smokeless tobacco products except in qualified adult-only facilities;

▪ | prohibits the sale or distribution of items such as hats and tee shirts with cigarette or smokeless tobacco brands or logos; and

▪ | prohibits cigarettes and smokeless tobacco brand name sponsorship of any athletic, musical, artistic or other social or cultural event, or any entry or team in any event.

Subject to certain limitations arising from legal challenges, the Final Tobacco Marketing Rule took effect in June 2010 for cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products and in August 2016 for covered tobacco products. At the time of the re-promulgation of the Final Tobacco Marketing Rule, the FDA also issued an ANPRM regarding the so-called “1000 foot rule,” which would establish restrictions on the placement of outdoor tobacco advertising in relation to schools and playgrounds.
FDA Regulatory Actions
Graphic Warnings
In March 2020, the FDA issued a final rule requiring 11 textual warnings accompanied by color graphics depicting the negative health consequences of smoking. According to the final rule, the graphic health warnings will (i) be located beneath the cellophane, and comprise the top 50% of the front and rear panels of cigarette packages and (ii) occupy 20% of a cigarette advertisement and be located at the top of the advertisement. The final rule is effective as of June 18, 2021. Other tobacco manufacturers also filed a lawsuit challenging the final rule. In the preamble to the final rule, the FDA stated that it would not
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exempt from the final rule HeatSticks, a heated tobacco product used with the IQOS electronic device, but would consider the HeatSticks market order, and similar market orders, on a case-by-case basis.
Substantial Equivalence and Other New Product Processes/Pathways
Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco Products: In general, in order to continue marketing Provisional Products, manufacturers of such products were required to submit to the FDA reports demonstrating substantial equivalence by March 22, 2011 for the FDA to determine if such tobacco products are “substantially equivalent” to products commercially available as of February 15, 2007. Most cigarette and smokeless tobacco products currently marketed by PM USA and USSTC are Provisional Products, as are some of the products currently marketed by Sherman Group Holdings, LLC (“Nat Sherman”). Altria’s subsidiaries submitted timely substantial equivalence reports for these Provisional Products and can continue marketing these products unless the FDA makes a determination that a specific Provisional Product is not substantially equivalent. If the FDA ultimately makes such a determination, it could require the removal of such products from the marketplace, leaving Altria’s cigarette and smokeless tobacco subsidiaries with the option of marketing other products that have received FDA pre-market authorization or Grandfathered Products.
The FDA has communicated that it will not review a certain subset of Provisional Product substantial equivalence reports and that the products that are the subject of those reports can generally continue to be legally marketed without further FDA review. PM USA and USSTC have Provisional Products included in this subset of products, but also have a number of Provisional Products that will continue to be subject to the substantial equivalence review process. In addition, PM USA and USSTC have submitted, and continue to submit, substantial equivalence reports on products proposed to be marketed after March 22, 2011 (“Non-Provisional Products”).
PM USA and USSTC have received substantial equivalence determinations on certain Provisional and Non-Provisional Products. The Provisional Products that were found to be not substantially equivalent (certain smokeless tobacco products) had been discontinued for business reasons prior to the FDA’s determinations; therefore, the determinations did not impact business results.
While Altria’s cigarette and smokeless tobacco subsidiaries believe all of their current products meet the statutory requirements of the FSPTCA, they cannot predict whether, when or how the FDA ultimately will apply its guidance to their various respective substantial equivalence reports or seek to enforce the law and regulations. Should Altria’s cigarette and smokeless tobacco subsidiaries receive unfavorable determinations on any substantial equivalence reports currently pending with the FDA, they believe they have the ability to replace most of their respective product volumes that could be impacted by these determinations with other products that have received FDA pre-market authorization or with Grandfathered Products.
Other Tobacco Products: In 2016, the FDA said that it would permit manufacturers to continue marketing Other Tobacco Products modified or introduced into the market for the first time between February 15, 2007 and August 8, 2016, until the FDA rendered decisions on the applicable substantial equivalence reports and new tobacco product applications. A number of cigars were on the market as of February 15, 2007, including certain cigars manufactured by Middleton. Therefore, in addition to being able to file new tobacco product applications, certain cigar manufacturers, including Middleton, can file substantial equivalence reports with the FDA for products that were on the market as of August 8, 2016. Few if any e-vapor products or oral nicotine pouches, however, were on the market as of February 15, 2007. Therefore manufacturers of these products may not be able to file substantial equivalence reports with the FDA on e-vapor products or oral nicotine pouches that were on the market as of August 8, 2016. In such cases, manufacturers, including JUUL and Helix, have to file new tobacco product applications that, among other things, demonstrate that the marketing of the products would be appropriate for the protection of the public health.
Previously, the deadlines to file all substantial equivalence reports and new tobacco product applications for combustible Other Tobacco Products, such as cigars and pipe tobacco, and for non-combustible Other Tobacco Products, such as e-vapor products and oral nicotine pouches, were at various points in 2018. The FDA extended these deadlines to August 8, 2021 for combustible Other Tobacco Products and August 8, 2022 for non-combustible Other Tobacco Products through guidance rather than by providing notice and allowing for public comment. In May 2019, in a lawsuit filed by the American Academy of Pediatrics, among other plaintiffs, a federal district court in Maryland found that the FDA’s failure to engage in the notice and comment process violated the Administrative Procedures Act. In July 2019, the court ordered that: (1) the FDA require that for Other Tobacco Products on the market as of August 8, 2016, applications must be filed with the FDA by May 12, 2020; (2) at the FDA’s discretion, Other Tobacco Products for which applications are not timely filed will be subject to FDA enforcement action; (3) applications for Other Tobacco Products that are timely filed can remain on the market during FDA review without being subject to FDA enforcement action for up to one year from the date of the application; and (4) on a case-by-case basis,
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the FDA can exempt Other Tobacco Products from filing requirements for good cause. The court’s ruling did not, however, prevent the FDA from taking enforcement action against Other Tobacco Products prior to the May 12, 2020 filing deadline. The FDA and other parties appealed the court’s ruling to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. In April 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal district court extended the filing deadline to September 9, 2020.
If JUUL is unable to meet the court-ordered filing deadline, or if JUUL’s new tobacco product applications are timely filed but subsequently denied, it could adversely affect the value of Altria’s investment in JUUL and have a material adverse effect on Altria’s consolidated financial position or earnings.
Manufacturers of cigars and oral nicotine pouches also must file substantial equivalence reports or new tobacco product applications by the court-ordered filing deadline in order for their products to remain on the market. Middleton has received market authorizations from the FDA that cover a significant portion of its cigar product volume, and plans to file any required substantial equivalence reports with the FDA for its remaining cigar product volume by the court-ordered filing deadline. Helix also plans to file all required new tobacco product applications for its oral nicotine pouches by the court-ordered filing deadline.
Failure of Other Tobacco Product manufacturers, including Middleton, Helix and JUUL, to meet the court-ordered filing deadline for currently marketed products or to ultimately obtain market authorization from the FDA following proper submission, could result in Other Tobacco Products being removed from the market.
In January 2020, in an effort to address youth usage of certain Other Tobacco Products, the FDA issued final guidance (the “January 2020 Final Guidance”) in which it stated that certain cartridge-based, flavored e-vapor products (other than tobacco and menthol flavors) would be prioritized for FDA enforcement action beginning early February 2020, effectively requiring the removal of these products from the market unless these products receive FDA market authorization. E-vapor product manufacturers may still, however, file new tobacco product applications for these products. In its January 2020 Final Guidance, separate from the above-mentioned federal court order, the FDA adopted the filing deadline set by the court and stated that after that deadline, it would prioritize its enforcement against any e-vapor product (in any format or flavor) offered for sale but for which either no new tobacco product application has been filed or for which an application was timely filed but for which the FDA issued an adverse decision. See FDA Regulation - Underage Access and Use of Certain Tobacco Products below for further discussion. The effect of this guidance is to restrict the sale of certain flavored cartridge-based e-vapor products including those manufactured by JUUL, but permit the continued sale (subject to the exceptions discussed above) of other flavored e-vapor products, including flavored disposable e-vapor products. If these other flavored e-vapor products are sold in higher volumes than JUUL’s e-vapor products, it could adversely affect the value of Altria’s investment in JUUL and have a material adverse effect on Altria’s consolidated financial position or earnings.
All Tobacco Products: In March 2019, the FDA issued a proposed rule that would, if finalized, require that all substantial equivalence reports filed after the effective date of the final rule meet certain content and format requirements. Such requirements would not apply to substantial equivalence reports for Provisional Products or to any substantial equivalence report submitted to the FDA before this proposed rule becomes final. Various products marketed by Altria’s tobacco subsidiaries may fall within the scope of this proposed rule if finalized.
In September 2019, the FDA issued a proposed rule in which it set forth requirements for content, format and FDA’s procedures for reviewing new tobacco product applications. PM USA, Nat Sherman, Middleton, USSTC and Helix filed comments with the FDA. As of April 27, 2020, the FDA has not issued a final rule.
It is not possible to predict how long reviews by the FDA of substantial equivalence reports or new tobacco product applications for any tobacco product will take. A “not substantially equivalent” determination or denial of a new tobacco product application on one or more products could have a material adverse impact on the business, consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of Altria and its tobacco subsidiaries, including adversely affecting the value of Altria’s investment in JUUL.
Deeming Regulations
As discussed above under FSPTCA and FDA Regulation - The Regulatory Framework, in 2016, the FDA issued final regulations for all Other Tobacco Products, imposing the FSPTCA regulatory framework on the cigar products manufactured, marketed and sold by Middleton and Nat Sherman. At the same time the FDA issued its final deeming regulations, it also amended the Final Tobacco Marketing Rule as described above in FSPTCA and FDA Regulation - Final Tobacco Marketing Rule.
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Among the FSPTCA requirements that apply to Other Tobacco Products is a ban on descriptors, including “mild,” when used as descriptors of modified risk unless expressly authorized by the FDA. In connection with a 2016 lawsuit initiated by Middleton, the Department of Justice, on behalf of the FDA, informed Middleton that at present, the FDA does not intend to bring an enforcement action against Middleton for the use of the term “mild” in the trademark “Black & Mild.” Consequently, Middleton dismissed its lawsuit without prejudice. If the FDA were to change its position at some later date, Middleton would have the opportunity to make a submission to the FDA and ultimately, if necessary, to bring another lawsuit.
Underage Access and Use of Certain Tobacco Products
The FDA announced in September 2018 that it is using its regulatory authority to address underage access and use of e-vapor products. Altria engaged with the FDA on this topic in 2018 before discontinuing its Nu Mark LLC e-vapor business and also after acquiring a 35% economic interest in JUUL in December 2018. Altria reaffirmed to the FDA its ongoing and long-standing investment in underage tobacco use prevention efforts. For example, during 2019, Altria advocated raising the minimum legal age to purchase all tobacco products to 21 at the federal and state levels to further address underage tobacco use, which is now federal law. See Federal, State and Local Legislation to Increase the Legal Age to Purchase Tobacco Products below for further discussion.
In March 2019, the FDA issued draft guidance (the “March 2019 Draft Guidance”) further reflecting, among other things, its concerns about youth e-vapor use. The FDA finalized this guidance in the form of the January 2020 Final Guidance discussed above, which revises the FDA’s compliance policy and states that the FDA intends to prioritize enforcement action against:

▪ | cartridge-based, flavored e-vapor products (other than tobacco and menthol flavors) unless such products have received market authorization from the FDA; and

▪ | all e-vapor products (in any format or flavor):

▪ | for which a manufacturer has failed or is failing to take adequate measures to prevent access by those under the age of 21 (referred to in the FDA guidance as “minors”);

▪ | that are targeted to minors and the marketing for which is likely to promote use of such products by minors; or

▪ | offered for sale after the court-ordered filing deadline and for which the manufacturer has either not submitted a pre-market application or for which an application was timely filed but an adverse decision on the application was issued by the FDA.

The January 2020 Final Guidance became effective in early February 2020. FDA enforcement action could result in tobacco products that are subject to such action being removed from the market unless and until these products receive pre-market authorization from the FDA. JUUL ceased its sales of all of its cartridge-based, flavored e-vapor products (other than tobacco and menthol) in 2019. If FDA enforcement action is taken against currently marketed JUUL e-vapor products, and a significant number of those products are removed from the market or if the FDA does not ultimately allow for the reintroduction of flavors other than tobacco and menthol, it could adversely affect the value of Altria’s investment in JUUL and have a material adverse effect on Altria’s consolidated financial position or earnings.
Potential Product Standards

▪ | Nicotine in cigarettes and potentially other combustible tobacco products: In March 2018, the FDA issued an ANPRM through which it sought comments on the potential public health benefits and any possible adverse effects of lowering nicotine in combustible cigarettes to non-addictive or minimally addictive levels through achievable product standards. Specifically, the FDA sought comments on the consequences of such a product standard, including (i) smokers compensating by smoking more cigarettes to obtain the same level of nicotine as with their current product and (ii) the illicit trade of cigarettes containing nicotine at levels higher than a non-addictive threshold that may be established by the FDA. The FDA also sought comments on whether a nicotine product standard should apply to other combustible tobacco products, including cigars.

This ANPRM process may ultimately lead to the FDA’s development of product standards for nicotine in combustible tobacco products such as cigarettes and cigars. If such regulations were to become final and upheld in the courts, it could have a material adverse effect on the business, consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of Altria and its tobacco subsidiaries.

▪ | Flavors in tobacco products: In March 2018, the FDA issued an ANPRM seeking comments on the role that flavors (including menthol) in tobacco products play in attracting youth and may play in helping some smokers switch to

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potentially less harmful forms of nicotine delivery. The FDA previously released its preliminary scientific evaluation on menthol, which states “that menthol cigarettes pose a public health risk above that seen with non-menthol cigarettes.” The FDA’s evaluation followed an earlier report to the FDA from TPSAC on the impact of the use of menthol in cigarettes on the public health and included a recommendation that the “[r]emoval of menthol cigarettes from the marketplace would benefit public health in the United States” and an observation that any ban on menthol cigarettes could lead to an increase in contraband cigarettes and other potential unintended consequences. As discussed above under FDA’s Comprehensive Regulatory Plan for Tobacco and Nicotine Regulation, the FDA indicated that it is considering proposing rulemaking for a product standard that would seek to ban menthol in combustible tobacco products, including cigarettes and cigars, and that it intends to propose a product standard that would ban characterizing flavors in all cigars. While the FDA has yet to define “characterizing flavors” with respect to cigars, most of Middleton’s cigar products contain added flavors and may be subject to any action by the FDA to ban flavors in cigars. No future action can be taken by the FDA to ban characterizing flavors in all cigars or regulate the manufacture, marketing or sale of menthol cigarettes (including a possible ban) until the completion of a full rulemaking process.
In the March 2019 Draft Guidance, noted above under FDA Regulatory Action - Underage Access and Use of Certain Tobacco Products, the FDA also proposed prioritizing enforcement action against flavored cigars (other than tobacco flavor) that either are not Grandfathered Products or have not received market authorization from the FDA to remain on the market. In the January 2020 Final Guidance, the FDA declined to prioritize enforcement action against such cigars before the court-ordered filing deadline. Instead, the FDA reiterated its intention to issue a proposed rule for a product standard banning all cigars with characterizing flavors. In its March 2019 Draft Guidance, the FDA indicated that such a rule would include Grandfathered Products and cigars that have received market authorization from the FDA.
Altria’s tobacco subsidiaries submitted public comments in response to the ANPRM regarding flavors in tobacco products and to the March 2019 Draft Guidance. Any proposed rules ultimately may lead to the FDA banning characterizing flavors in not only cigars, but in all tobacco products including oral nicotine pouches. If these regulations become final and are upheld in the courts, it could have a material adverse effect on the business, consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of Altria and its tobacco subsidiaries, including adversely affecting the value of Altria’s investment in JUUL.

▪ | NNN in Smokeless Tobacco: In January 2017, the FDA proposed a product standard for N-nitrosonornicotine (“NNN”) levels in finished smokeless tobacco products. If the proposed rule, in present form, were to become final and upheld in the courts, it could have a material adverse effect on the business, consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of Altria and USSTC.

Good Manufacturing Practices
The FSPTCA requires that the FDA promulgate good manufacturing practice regulations (referred to by the FDA as “Requirements for Tobacco Product Manufacturing Practice”) for tobacco product manufacturers, but does not specify a timeframe for such regulations.
Excise Taxes
Tobacco products are subject to substantial excise taxes in the U.S. Significant increases in tobacco-related taxes or fees have been proposed or enacted (including with respect to e-vapor products) and are likely to continue to be proposed or enacted at the federal, state and local levels within the U.S., including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as a way for governments to address potential budget shortfalls.
Federal, state and local cigarette excise taxes have increased substantially over the past two decades, far outpacing the rate of inflation. Between the end of 1998 and April 27, 2020, the weighted-average state cigarette excise tax increased from $0.36 to $1.82 per pack. As of April 27, 2020, no state has increased cigarette excise taxes in 2020, but various increases are under consideration or have been proposed.
A majority of states currently tax MST using an ad valorem method, which is calculated as a percentage of the price of the product, typically the wholesale price. This ad valorem method results in more tax being paid on premium products than is paid on lower-priced products of equal weight. Altria’s subsidiaries support legislation to convert ad valorem taxes on MST to a weight-based methodology because, unlike the ad valorem tax, a weight-based tax subjects cans of equal weight to the same tax. As of April 27, 2020, the federal government, 23 states, Puerto Rico, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Cook County, Illinois have adopted a weight-based tax methodology for MST.
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An increasing number of states and localities also are imposing excise taxes on e-vapor and oral nicotine pouches. As of April 27, 2020, 23 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and a number of cities and counties have enacted legislation to tax e-vapor products. These taxes are calculated in varying ways and may differ based on the e-vapor product form. Similarly, ten states and the District of Columbia have enacted legislation to tax oral nicotine pouches. Tax increases could have an adverse impact on the sales of these products.
Tax increases are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on sales of cigarettes and MST products of Altria’s tobacco subsidiaries through lower consumption levels and the potential shift in adult consumer purchases from the premium to the non-premium or discount segments, or to counterfeit and contraband products. Such shifts may have an adverse impact on the sales volume and reported share performance of cigarettes and MST products of Altria’s tobacco subsidiaries.
International Treaty on Tobacco Control
The World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (the “FCTC”) entered into force in February 2005. As of April 27, 2020, 180 countries, as well as the European Community, have become parties to the FCTC. While the U.S. is a signatory of the FCTC, it is not currently a party to the agreement, as the agreement has not been submitted to, or ratified by, the United States Senate. The FCTC is the first international public health treaty and its objective is to establish a global agenda for tobacco regulation with the purpose of reducing initiation of tobacco use and encouraging cessation. The treaty recommends (and in certain instances, requires) signatory nations to enact legislation that would address various tobacco-related issues.
There are a number of proposals currently under consideration by the governing body of the FCTC, some of which call for substantial restrictions on the manufacture, marketing, distribution and sale of tobacco products. It is not possible to predict the outcome of these proposals or the impact of any FCTC actions on legislation or regulation in the U.S., either indirectly or as a result of the U.S. becoming a party to the FCTC, or whether or how these actions might indirectly influence FDA regulation and enforcement.
State Settlement Agreements
As discussed in Note 11, during 1997 and 1998, PM USA and other major domestic tobacco product manufacturers entered into the State Settlement Agreements. These settlements require participating manufacturers to make substantial annual payments, which are adjusted for several factors, including inflation, operating income, market share and industry volume. For a discussion of the impact of the State Settlement Agreements on Altria, see Debt and Liquidity - Payments Under State Settlement Agreements and FDA Regulation below and Note 11. The State Settlement Agreements also place numerous requirements and restrictions on participating manufacturers’ business operations, including prohibitions and restrictions on the advertising and marketing of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products. Among these are prohibitions of outdoor and transit brand advertising, payments for product placement and free sampling (except in adult-only facilities). Restrictions are also placed on the use of brand name sponsorships and brand name non-tobacco products. The State Settlement Agreements also place prohibitions on targeting youth and the use of cartoon characters. In addition, the State Settlement Agreements require companies to affirm corporate principles directed at reducing underage use of cigarettes; impose requirements regarding lobbying activities; mandate public disclosure of certain industry documents; limit the industry’s ability to challenge certain tobacco control and underage use laws; and provide for the dissolution of certain tobacco-related organizations and place restrictions on the establishment of any replacement organizations.
In November 1998, USSTC entered into the Smokeless Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (the “STMSA”) with the attorneys general of various states and U.S. territories to resolve the remaining health care cost reimbursement cases initiated against USSTC. The STMSA required USSTC to adopt various marketing and advertising restrictions. USSTC is the only smokeless tobacco manufacturer to sign the STMSA.
Other International, Federal, State and Local Regulation and Governmental and Private Activity
International, Federal, State and Local Regulation:
A number of states and localities have enacted or proposed legislation that imposes restrictions on tobacco products (including e-vapor and other innovative tobacco products), such as legislation that (1) prohibits the sale of tobacco product categories, such as e-vapor, and/or the sale of tobacco products with certain characterizing flavors, such as menthol cigarettes, (2) requires the disclosure of health information separate from or in addition to federally mandated health warnings and (3) restricts
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commercial speech or imposes additional restrictions on the marketing or sale of tobacco products (including proposals to ban all tobacco product sales). The legislation varies in terms of the type of tobacco products, the conditions under which such products are or would be restricted or prohibited, and exceptions to the restrictions or prohibitions. For example, a number of proposals involving characterizing flavors would prohibit smokeless tobacco products with characterizing flavors without providing an exception for mint- or wintergreen-flavored products. As of April 27, 2020, 23 states and the District of Columbia have proposed legislation to ban flavors in one or more tobacco products, including e-vapor products, oral nicotine pouches and cigarettes and four states, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Utah and New York, have passed such legislation. Some of these states, such as New York and Utah, exempt certain products that have received FDA market authorization. Additionally, Massachusetts has passed legislation capping the amount of nicotine in e-vapor products. Similar legislation is pending in three other states.
In addition to legislation, some state governors had imposed restrictions on tobacco products through executive action. For example, in response to reports of lung injuries and deaths related to e-vapor product use, the governors of eight states exercised executive action to temporarily prohibit either the sale of all e-vapor products or e-vapor products with flavors other than tobacco. Some of those executive actions have been challenged in the courts and many of those executive actions have expired. Restrictions on e-vapor products also have been instituted or proposed internationally. For example, India and Singapore have instituted bans on e-vapor products.
Altria’s tobacco subsidiaries have challenged and will continue to challenge certain state and local legislation and other governmental action, including through litigation. It is possible, however, that legislation, regulation or other governmental action could be enacted or implemented that could have a material adverse impact on the business and volume of our tobacco subsidiaries and investees, and the consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of Altria and its tobacco subsidiaries, including adversely affecting the value of Altria’s investment in JUUL.
Federal, State and Local Legislation to Increase the Legal Age to Purchase Tobacco Products
After a number of states and localities proposed and enacted legislation to increase the minimum age to purchase all tobacco products, including e-vapor products, in December 2019, the federal government passed legislation increasing the minimum age to purchase all tobacco products, including e-vapor products, to 21 nationwide. Although an increase in the minimum age to purchase tobacco products may have a negative impact on sales volume of our tobacco businesses, as discussed above under Underage Access and Use of Certain Tobacco Products, Altria supported raising the minimum legal age to purchase all tobacco products to 21 at the federal and state levels, reflecting its longstanding commitment to combat underage tobacco use.
Health Effects of Tobacco Products, Including E-vapor Products
Reports with respect to the health effects of smoking have been publicized for many years, including various reports by the U.S. Surgeon General. In 2019, there were public health advisories concerning vaping-related lung injuries and deaths and more recently, there have been health concerns raised about potential increased risks associated with COVID-19 among smokers and vapers. Altria and its tobacco subsidiaries believe that the public should be guided by the messages of the U.S. Surgeon General and public health authorities worldwide in making decisions concerning the use of tobacco products.
Most jurisdictions within the U.S. have restricted smoking in public places and some have restricted vaping in public places. Some public health groups have called for, and various jurisdictions have adopted or proposed, bans on smoking and vaping in outdoor places, in private apartments and in cars transporting children. It is not possible to predict the results of ongoing scientific research or the types of future scientific research into the health risks of tobacco exposure and the impact of such research on regulation.
Other Legislation or Governmental Initiatives
In addition to the actions discussed above, other regulatory initiatives affecting the tobacco industry have been adopted or are being considered at the federal level and in a number of state and local jurisdictions. For example, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, state and local governments have required additional health and safety requirements of all businesses, including tobacco manufacturing and other facilities. State and local governments also have mandated the temporary closure of some businesses. It is possible that tobacco manufacturing and other facilities could be subject to these government-mandated temporary closures. Additionally, in recent years, legislation has been introduced or enacted at the state or local level to subject tobacco products to various reporting requirements and performance standards; establish educational campaigns relating to tobacco consumption or tobacco control programs or provide additional funding for governmental tobacco control activities; restrict the sale of tobacco products in certain retail establishments and the sale of tobacco products in certain package sizes;
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require tax stamping of smokeless tobacco products; require the use of state tax stamps using data encryption technology; and further restrict the sale, marketing and advertising of cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products. Such legislation may be subject to constitutional or other challenges on various grounds, which may or may not be successful.
It is not possible to predict what, if any, additional legislation, regulation or other governmental action will be enacted or implemented (and, if challenged, upheld) relating to the manufacturing, design, packaging, marketing, advertising, sale or use of tobacco products, or the tobacco industry generally. It is possible, however, that legislation, regulation or other governmental action could be enacted or implemented that could have a material adverse impact on the business and volume of our tobacco subsidiaries and investees, and the consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of Altria and its tobacco subsidiaries, including adversely affecting the value of Altria’s investment in JUUL.
Governmental Investigations
From time to time, Altria, its subsidiaries and investees are subject to governmental investigations on a range of matters. For example, (i) the FTC issued a Civil Investigative Demand to Altria while conducting its antitrust review of Altria’s investment in JUUL seeking information regarding, among other things, Altria’s role in the resignation of JUUL’s former chief executive officer and the hiring by JUUL of any current or former Altria director, executive or employee and (ii) the SEC has commenced an investigation relating to Altria’s disclosures and controls in connection with the JUUL investment. Additionally, JUUL is currently under investigation by various federal and state agencies, including the FDA and the FTC, and state attorneys general. Such investigations vary in scope but at least some appear to include JUUL’s marketing practices, particularly as such practices relate to youth.
Private Sector Activity
A number of retailers, including national chains, have discontinued the sale of e-vapor products. Reasons for the discontinuation include reported illnesses related to e-vapor product use and the uncertain regulatory environment. It is possible that this private sector activity could adversely affect the value of Altria’s investment in JUUL and have a material adverse effect on Altria’s consolidated financial position or earnings.
Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products
Illicit trade in tobacco products can have an adverse impact on the businesses of Altria, its tobacco subsidiaries and investees. Illicit trade can take many forms, including the sale of counterfeit tobacco products; the sale of tobacco products in the U.S. that are intended for sale outside the country; the sale of untaxed tobacco products over the Internet and by other means designed to avoid the collection of applicable taxes; and diversion into one taxing jurisdiction of tobacco products intended for sale in another. Counterfeit tobacco products, for example, are manufactured by unknown third parties in unregulated environments. Counterfeit versions of our tobacco subsidiaries’ and investees’ products can negatively affect adult tobacco consumer experiences with and opinions of those brands. Illicit trade in tobacco products also harms law-abiding wholesalers and retailers by depriving them of lawful sales and undermines the significant investment Altria’s tobacco subsidiaries and investees have made in legitimate distribution channels. Moreover, illicit trade in tobacco products results in federal, state and local governments losing tax revenues. Losses in tax revenues can cause such governments to take various actions, including increasing excise taxes; imposing legislative or regulatory requirements that may adversely impact Altria’s consolidated results of operations and cash flows, including adversely affecting the value of Altria’s investment in JUUL, and the businesses of its tobacco subsidiaries and investees; or asserting claims against manufacturers of tobacco products or members of the trade channels through which such tobacco products are distributed and sold.
Altria’s tobacco subsidiaries communicate with wholesale and retail trade members regarding illicit trade in tobacco products and how they can help prevent such activities; enforce wholesale and retail trade programs and policies that address illicit trade in tobacco products and, when necessary, litigate to protect their trademarks.
Price, Availability and Quality of Tobacco, Other Raw Materials and Component Parts
Shifts in crops (such as those driven by economic conditions and adverse weather patterns), government restrictions and mandated prices, economic trade sanctions, import duties and tariffs, geopolitical instability and production control programs may increase or decrease the cost or reduce the supply or quality of tobacco and other raw materials or component parts used to manufacture our companies’ products. Any significant change in the price, quality or availability of tobacco, other raw materials or component parts used to manufacture our products could restrict our subsidiaries’ ability to continue marketing
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existing products or impact adult consumer product acceptability and adversely affect our subsidiaries’ profitability and businesses.
With respect to tobacco, as with other agricultural commodities, crop quality and availability can be influenced by variations in weather patterns, including those caused by climate change. Additionally, the price of tobacco leaf can be influenced by economic conditions and imbalances in supply and demand. Economic conditions are increasingly unpredictable in light of the COVID-19 pandemic which, among other economic factors, may result in changes in the patterns of demand for agricultural products and the cost of tobacco production which could impact tobacco leaf prices and tobacco supply. Tobacco production in certain countries also is subject to a variety of controls, including government-mandated prices and production control programs. Certain types of tobacco are only available in limited geographies, including geographies experiencing political instability, and loss of their availability could impair our subsidiaries’ ability to continue marketing existing products or impact adult tobacco consumer product acceptability.
The COVID-19 pandemic also may limit access to and increase the cost of raw materials, component parts and personal protective equipment as U.S. and global suppliers temporarily shut down facilities in order to address exposure to the virus or as a result of a government mandate.
Timing of Sales
In the ordinary course of business, our tobacco subsidiaries are subject to many influences that can impact the timing of sales to customers, including the timing of holidays and other annual or special events, the timing of promotions, customer incentive programs and customer inventory programs, as well as the actual or speculated timing of pricing actions and tax-driven price increases.
Operating Results
Smokeable products segment
The following table summarizes operating results, includes reported and adjusted OCI margins, and provides a reconciliation of reported OCI to adjusted OCI for the smokeable products segment:

Smokeable Products
| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Change
Net revenues | $ | 5,606 |  |  | $ | 4,935 |  |  | 13.6 | %
Excise taxes | (1,278 | ) |  | (1,203 | ) |  |
Revenues net of excise taxes | $ | 4,328 |  |  | $ | 3,732 |  |  |
Reported OCI | $ | 2,370 |  |  | $ | 1,932 |  |  | 22.7 | %
Asset impairment, exit and implementation costs | — |  |  | 44 |  |  |
Tobacco and health litigation items | 22 |  |  | 15 |  |  |
Adjusted OCI | $ | 2,392 |  |  | $ | 1,991 |  |  | 20.1 | %
Reported OCI margins 1 | 54.8 | % |  | 51.8 | % |  | 3.0 pp |
Adjusted OCI margins 1 | 55.3 | % |  | 53.3 | % |  | 2.0 pp |

1 Reported and adjusted OCI margins are calculated as reported and adjusted OCI, respectively, divided by revenues net of excise taxes.
Net revenues, which include excise taxes billed to customers, increased $671 million (13.6%), due primarily to higher shipment volume ($370 million) and higher pricing ($306 million), which includes higher promotional investments.
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Reported OCI increased $438 million (22.7%), due primarily to higher pricing ($306 million), which includes higher promotional investments, higher shipment volume ($205 million), and asset impairment, exit and implementation costs in 2019 ($44 million), partially offset by higher per unit settlement charges. Reported OCI margins increased 3.0 percentage points to 54.8%.
Adjusted OCI increased $401 million (20.1%), due primarily to higher pricing ($306 million), which includes higher promotional investments, and higher shipment volume ($205 million), partially offset by higher per unit settlement charges. Adjusted OCI margins increased 2.0 percentage points to 55.3%.
The following table summarizes the smokeable products segment shipment volume performance:

| Shipment Volume
| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Change
| (sticks in millions)
Cigarettes: |  |  |  |  |
Marlboro | 21,842 |  |  | 20,467 |  |  | 6.7 | %
Other premium | 1,137 |  |  | 1,165 |  |  | (2.4 | )%
Discount | 2,045 |  |  | 1,962 |  |  | 4.2 | %
Total cigarettes | 25,024 |  |  | 23,594 |  |  | 6.1 | %
Cigars: |  |  |  |  |
Black & Mild | 430 |  |  | 380 |  |  | 13.2 | %
Other | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — | %
Total cigars | 432 |  |  | 382 |  |  | 13.1 | %
Total smokeable products | 25,456 |  |  | 23,976 |  |  | 6.2 | %

Cigarettes shipment volume includes Marlboro; Other premium brands, such as Virginia Slims, Parliament, Benson & Hedges and Nat’s; and Discount brands, which include L&M, Basic and Chesterfield. Cigarettes volume includes units sold as well as promotional units, but excludes units sold for distribution to Puerto Rico, and units sold in U.S. Territories, to overseas military and by Philip Morris Duty Free Inc., none of which, individually or in the aggregate, is material to the smokeable products segment.
The following table summarizes cigarettes retail share performance:

| Retail Share
| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Percentage Point Change
Cigarettes: |  |  |  |  |
Marlboro | 42.8 | % |  | 43.3 | % |  | (0.5 | )
Other premium | 2.4 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | (0.1 | )
Discount | 4.0 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | (0.1 | )
Total cigarettes | 49.2 | % |  | 49.9 | % |  | (0.7 | )

Retail share results for cigarettes are based on data from IRI/Management Science Associates, Inc., a tracking service that uses a sample of stores and certain wholesale shipments to project market share and depict share trends. This service tracks sales in the food, drug, mass merchandisers, convenience, military, dollar store and club trade classes. For other trade classes selling cigarettes, retail share is based on shipments from wholesalers to retailers through the Store Tracking Analytical Reporting System (“STARS”). This service is not designed to capture sales through other channels, including the internet, direct mail and some illicitly tax-advantaged outlets. It is IRI’s standard practice to periodically refresh its services, which could restate retail share results that were previously released in this service.
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For a discussion of volume trends and factors that impact volume and retail share performance, see Tobacco Space - Business Environment above.
The smokeable products segment’s reported domestic cigarettes shipment volume for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased 6.1%, driven primarily by trade inventory movements, calendar differences and consumer pantry loading due to COVID-19, partially offset by the industry’s rate of decline, retail share losses and other factors. When adjusted for the traditional factors of trade inventory movements, calendar differences and other factors, the smokeable products segment’s domestic cigarettes shipment volume for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased by an estimated 3.5%. However, Altria believes that its preliminary estimates of consumer pantry loading due to COVID-19 should be an adjusting factor to reported volumes due to its high likelihood of near-term volume payback. When adjusted for trade inventory movements, calendar differences, Altria’s preliminary estimates of consumer pantry loading due to COVID-19 and other factors, the smokeable products segment’s domestic cigarettes shipment volume decreased by an estimated 5%. While it’s difficult to identify trends based on short time periods, especially in such a fluid environment, Altria will continue to monitor marketplace dynamics and will update its estimates as more data becomes available.
When adjusted for the traditional factors of trade inventory movements, calendar differences and other factors, total domestic cigarette industry volumes for the three months ended March 31, 2020 declined by an estimated 2%. When adjusted for trade inventory movements, calendar differences, Altria’s preliminary estimates of consumer pantry loading due to COVID-19 and other factors, total domestic cigarette industry volumes decreased by an estimated 3.5%.
Shipments of premium cigarettes accounted for 91.8% of smokeable products’ reported domestic cigarettes shipment volume for the three months ended March 31, 2020, versus 91.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2019.
Marlboro retail share of the total cigarette category declined 0.5 share points to 42.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, due to adult smoker movement across tobacco categories and dynamics within the discount cigarette category, each discussed above.
Total cigarettes industry discount category retail share increased 0.8 share points to 24.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, driven primarily by the deep discount category.
PM USA and Middleton executed the following pricing and promotional allowance actions during 2020 and 2019:

▪ | Effective February 16, 2020, PM USA increased the list price on all of its cigarette brands by $0.08 per pack.

▪ | Effective January 12, 2020, Middleton increased various list prices across substantially all of its cigar brands resulting in a weighted-average increase of approximately $0.08 per five-pack.

▪ | Effective October 20, 2019, PM USA increased the list price on all of its cigarette brands by $0.08 per pack.

▪ | Effective August 4, 2019, Middleton increased various list prices across substantially all of its cigar brands resulting in a weighted-average increase of approximately $0.04 per five-pack.

▪ | Effective June 16, 2019, PM USA increased the list price on all of its cigarette brands by $0.06 per pack, except for L&M, which had no list price change.

▪ | Effective February 24, 2019, PM USA increased the list price on Marlboro and L&M by $0.11 per pack and Parliament and Virginia Slims by $0.16 per pack. In addition, PM USA increased the list price on all of its other cigarette brands by $0.31 per pack.

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Oral tobacco products segment
The following table summarizes operating results, includes reported and adjusted OCI margins, and provides a reconciliation of reported OCI to adjusted OCI for the oral tobacco products segment:

Oral Tobacco Products
| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Change
Net revenues | $ | 601 |  |  | $ | 540 |  |  | 11.3 | %
Excise taxes | (31 | ) |  | (31 | ) |  |
Revenues net of excise taxes | $ | 570 |  |  | $ | 509 |  |  |
Reported OCI | $ | 414 |  |  | $ | 358 |  |  | 15.6 | %
Asset impairment, exit, implementation and acquisition-related costs | 2 |  |  | 9 |  |  |
Adjusted OCI | $ | 416 |  |  | $ | 367 |  |  | 13.4 | %
Reported OCI margins 1 | 72.6 | % |  | 70.3 | % |  | 2.3 pp |
Adjusted OCI margins 1 | 73.0 | % |  | 72.1 | % |  | 0.9 pp |

1 Reported and adjusted OCI margins are calculated as reported and adjusted OCI, respectively, divided by revenues net of excise taxes.
Net revenues, which include excise taxes billed to customers, increased $61 million (11.3%), due primarily to higher pricing ($43 million) and higher shipment volume ($20 million).
Reported OCI increased $56 million (15.6%), due primarily to higher pricing ($43 million), higher shipment volume ($19 million) and lower asset impairment, exit, implementation and acquisition-related costs, partially offset by increased costs associated with the expansion of on!. Reported OCI margins increased 2.3 percentage points to 72.6%.
Adjusted OCI increased $49 million (13.4%), due primarily to higher pricing ($43 million), higher shipment volume ($19 million), partially offset by increased costs associated with the expansion of on!. Adjusted OCI margins increased 0.9 percentage points to 73.0%.
The following table summarizes oral tobacco products segment shipment volume performance:

| Shipment Volume
| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Change
| (cans and packs in millions)
Copenhagen | 125.0 |  |  | 125.2 |  |  | (0.2 | )%
Skoal | 51.3 |  |  | 50.3 |  |  | 2.0 | %
Other1 | 20.4 |  |  | 15.9 |  |  | 28.3 | %
Total oral tobacco products | 196.7 |  |  | 191.4 |  |  | 2.8 | %

1 Other includes Red Seal and on!.
Oral tobacco products shipment volume includes cans and packs sold, as well as promotional units, but excludes international volume, which is currently not material to the oral tobacco products segment. New types of oral tobacco products, as well as new packaging configurations of existing oral tobacco products, may or may not be equivalent to existing MST products on a can-for-can basis. To calculate volumes of cans and packs shipped, one pack of snus or one can of oral nicotine pouches, irrespective of the number of pouches in the pack or can, is assumed to be equivalent to one can of MST.
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The following table summarizes oral tobacco products segment retail share performance (excluding international volume):

| Retail Share
| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Percentage Point Change
Copenhagen | 32.4 | % |  | 34.6 | % |  | (2.2 | )
Skoal | 14.3 |  |  | 15.1 |  |  | (0.8 | )
Other | 3.7 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 0.2 |
Total oral tobacco products | 50.4 | % |  | 53.2 | % |  | (2.8 | )

Retail share results for oral tobacco products are based on data from IRI InfoScan, a tracking service that uses a sample of stores to project market share and depict share trends. This service tracks sales in the food, drug, mass merchandisers, convenience, military, dollar store and club trade classes on the number of cans and packs sold. Oral tobacco products is defined by IRI as MST, snus and oral nicotine pouches. New types of oral tobacco products, as well as new packaging configurations of existing oral tobacco products, may or may not be equivalent to existing MST products on a can-for-can basis. For example, one pack of snus or one can of oral nicotine pouches, irrespective of the number of pouches in the pack or can, is assumed to be equivalent to one can of MST. Because this service represents retail share performance only in key trade channels, it should not be considered a precise measurement of actual retail share. It is IRI’s standard practice to periodically refresh its InfoScan services, which could restate retail share results that were previously released in this service.
As discussed above, in the first quarter of 2020, Altria’s smokeless products segment was renamed as the oral tobacco products segment. Prior to 2020, the smokeless products segment retail share performance and category industry volume estimates included MST and snus products, but excluded oral nicotine pouch products. Altria has restated prior period retail share performance data and estimated category industry volume to reflect the inclusion of oral tobacco products. The quarterly and year-to-date retail share results for the oral tobacco products segment, which are summarized below, have been restated to reflect this change.

| Restated Retail Share
| For the Three Months Ended
| 12/31/19 |  | 9/30/19 |  | 6/30/19 |  | 3/31/19
Copenhagen | 33.2 | % |  | 33.8 | % |  | 34.1 | % |  | 34.6 | %
Skoal | 14.6 |  |  | 15.0 |  |  | 15.4 |  |  | 15.1 |
Other | 3.6 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 3.5 |
Total oral tobacco products | 51.4 | % |  | 52.3 | % |  | 53.0 | % |  | 53.2 | %

| Restated Retail Share
| For the Year Ended |  | For the Nine Months Ended |  | For the Six Months Ended |  | For the Year Ended
| 12/31/19 |  | 9/30/19 |  | 6/30/19 |  | 12/31/18
Copenhagen | 33.9 | % |  | 34.2 | % |  | 34.4 | % |  | 34.4 | %
Skoal | 15.0 |  |  | 15.2 |  |  | 15.2 |  |  | 15.9 |
Other | 3.6 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 3.4 |
Total oral tobacco products | 52.5 | % |  | 52.8 | % |  | 53.1 | % |  | 53.7 | %

For a discussion of volume trends and factors that impact volume and retail share performance, see Tobacco Space - Business Environment above.
The oral tobacco products segment’s reported domestic shipment volume increased 2.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, driven primarily by the industry’s growth rate, calendar differences and retail and consumer pantry loading due to COVID-19, partially offset by retail share losses (primarily due to the rapid growth of oral nicotine pouches) and wholesale trade inventory movements. When adjusted for traditional factors of wholesale trade inventory movements, calendar differences and other factors, the oral tobacco products segment’s domestic shipment volume increased by an estimated 1% for
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the three months ended March 31, 2020. However, Altria believes that its preliminary estimates of retail and consumer pantry loading due to COVID-19 should be an adjusting factor to reported volumes due to its high likelihood of near-term volume payback. When adjusted for wholesale trade inventory movements, Altria’s preliminary estimates of retail and consumer pantry loading due to COVID-19, calendar differences and other factors, the oral tobacco products segment’s shipment volume decreased by an estimated 0.5%.
The oral tobacco products category industry volume increased by an estimated 6% over the six months ended March 31, 2020, as the growth in oral nicotine pouches more than offset the volume decline in MST and snus. When adjusted for Altria’s preliminary estimates of retail and consumer pantry loading due to COVID-19, the oral tobacco products category industry volume increased by an estimated 5% over the six months ended March 31, 2020.
Oral tobacco products segment retail share of 50.4% declined for the three months ended March 31, 2020, due to the rapid growth of oral nicotine pouches and the associated volume declines in MST and snus.
Copenhagen continued to be the leading oral tobacco brand with a retail share of 32.4%.
USSTC executed the following pricing actions during 2020 and 2019:

▪ | Effective February 18, 2020, USSTC increased the list price on its Skoal X-TRA products by $0.56 per can. USSTC also increased the list price on its Skoal Blend products by $0.16 cents per can and increased the list price on its Husky, Red Seal and Copenhagen brands and the balance of its Skoal products by $0.07 per can.

▪ | Effective October 22, 2019, USSTC increased the list price on its Skoal X-TRA products and select Copenhagen products by $0.09 per can. USSTC also increased the list price on its Husky and Red Seal brands and the balance of its Copenhagen and Skoal products by $0.04 per can.

▪ | Effective July 23, 2019, USSTC increased the list price on its Skoal X-TRA products and select Copenhagen products by $0.08 per can. USSTC also increased the list price on its Husky and Red Seal brands and the balance of its Copenhagen and Skoal products by $0.03 per can.

▪ | Effective April 30, 2019, USSTC increased the list price on its Skoal X-TRA products and select Copenhagen products by $0.17 per can. USSTC also increased the list price on its Husky and Red Seal brands and its Copenhagen and Skoal popular price products by $0.12 per can. In addition, USSTC increased the list price on the balance of its Copenhagen and Skoal products by $0.07 per can.

Wine Segment
Business Environment
Ste. Michelle is a leading producer of Washington state wines, primarily Chateau Ste. Michelle and 14 Hands, and owns wineries in or distributes wines from several other domestic and foreign wine regions. Ste. Michelle holds an 85% ownership interest in Michelle-Antinori, LLC, which owns Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars in Napa Valley. Ste. Michelle also owns Conn Creek in Napa Valley, Patz & Hall in Sonoma and Erath in Oregon. In addition, Ste. Michelle imports and markets Antinori and Villa Maria Estate wines and Champagne Nicolas Feuillatte in the United States. Ste. Michelle works to meet evolving adult consumer preferences over time by developing, marketing and distributing products through innovation.
Ste. Michelle’s business is subject to significant competition, including competition from many larger, well-established domestic and international companies, as well as from many smaller wine producers. Wine segment competition is primarily based on quality, price, consumer and trade wine tastings, competitive wine judging, third-party acclaim and advertising. Substantially all of Ste. Michelle’s sales occur in the United States through state-licensed distributors. Ste. Michelle also sells to domestic consumers through retail and e-commerce channels and exports wines to international distributors.
Adult consumer preferences among alcohol categories and within the wine category can shift due to a variety of factors, including changes in taste preferences, demographics or social trends, and changes in leisure, dining and beverage consumption patterns and economic conditions. Evolving adult consumer preferences pose challenges to the wine category, which has seen slowing volume growth and increases in inventory levels. Ste. Michelle has been experiencing product volume demand uncertainty, which has been further negatively impacted in the first quarter by the economic uncertainty surrounding the
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COVID-19 pandemic. Ste. Michelle’s on-premise sales in restaurants, bars, hospitality venues and on cruise lines have been negatively impacted by disruptions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of wine inventory levels significantly exceeding forecasted product volume demand as of March 31, 2020, Ste. Michelle recorded pre-tax charges of $392 million in cost of sales, including a $292 million inventory write off and $100 million in estimated losses on future non-cancelable grape purchase commitments. Ste. Michelle expects to record additional charges up to approximately $25 million during the remainder of 2020, consisting of inventory disposal costs and other charges. For further discussion see Asset Impairment, Exit and Implementation Costs in Note 3. In addition, Ste. Michelle also temporarily suspended operations at an operating facility as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Evolving adult consumer preferences, an economic downturn or recession, an extended disruption in on-premise sales or facility shutdowns, either voluntary or government-mandated, could result in a further slowdown in the wine category and otherwise have a material adverse effect on Ste. Michelle’s wine business, the consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of Ste. Michelle.
As with other agricultural commodities, grape quality and availability can be influenced by plant disease and infestation, as well as by variations in weather patterns, such as fires and smoke damage from fires, including those caused by climate change. For example, in 2019, freezing temperatures reduced grape production and resulted in fewer grapes being available to Ste. Michelle.
Federal, state and local governmental agencies regulate the beverage alcohol industry through various means, including licensing requirements, pricing rules, labeling and advertising restrictions, and distribution and production policies. Further regulatory restrictions or additional excise or other taxes on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages could have an adverse effect on Ste. Michelle’s wine business.
Operating Results
The following table summarizes operating results, includes reported and adjusted OCI margins, and provides a reconciliation of reported OCI to adjusted OCI for the wine segment:

Wine
| For the Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Change
Net revenues | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 151 |  |  | (3.3 | )%
Excise taxes | (4 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  |
Revenues net of excise taxes | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  |
Reported OCI | $ | (379 | ) |  | $ | 15 |  |  | (100.0)%+ |
Implementation costs | 392 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Adjusted OCI | 13 |  |  | 15 |  |  | (13.3 | )%
Reported OCI margins 1 | (100.0)%+ |  |  | 10.3 | % |  | (100.0)%+ |
Adjusted OCI margins 1 | 9.2 | % |  | 10.3 | % |  | (1.1) pp |

1 Reported and adjusted OCI margins are calculated as reported and adjusted OCI, respectively, divided by revenues net of excise taxes.
Net revenues, which include excise taxes billed to customers, decreased $5 million (3.3%), due primarily to lower shipment volume, partially offset by higher pricing, which includes lower promotional investments, and favorable mix.
Reported OCI decreased $394 million (100.0%+), due primarily to the inventory-related charges discussed above (included in implementation costs and charged to cost of sales) , lower shipment volume and higher costs, partially offset by higher pricing, which includes lower promotional investments, and favorable mix. Reported OCI margins decreased in excess of 100.0 percentage points.
Adjusted OCI decreased $2 million (13.3%), due primarily to lower shipment volume and higher costs, partially offset by higher pricing, which includes lower promotional investments, and favorable mix. Adjusted OCI margins decreased 1.1 percentage points to 9.2%
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For the three months ended March 31, 2020, Ste. Michelle’s reported wine shipment volume of 1,715 thousand cases, decreased 10.2%.
Financial Review
Cash Provided by/Used in Operating Activities
During the first three months of 2020, net cash provided by operating activities was $3,129 million compared with $2,289 million during the first three months of 2019. This increase was due primarily to higher net revenues in the smokable products and oral tobacco products segments and lower payments as a result of savings from the cost reduction program announced in December 2018, partially offset by higher long-term debt interest payments.
Altria had a working capital deficit at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Altria’s management believes that Altria has the ability to fund working capital deficits with cash provided by operating activities and borrowings through its access to credit and capital markets as discussed in the Debt and Liquidity section below.
Cash Provided by/Used in Investing Activities
During the first three months of 2020, net cash used in investing activities was $52 million compared with $1,950 million during the first three months of 2019. This decrease was due primarily to the investment in Cronos in 2019.
Cash Provided by/Used in Financing Activities
During the first three months of 2020, net cash provided by financing activities was $427 million compared with $1,683 million during the first three months of 2019. This decrease was due primarily to the following:

• | proceeds of $16.3 billion from the issuance of long-term senior unsecured notes in 2019; and

• | repayment of $1.0 billion in full of Altria senior unsecured notes at scheduled maturity in January 2020;

partially offset by:

• | repayments of $12.8 billion of short-term borrowings in 2019; and

• | proceeds of $3.0 billion from short-term borrowings in 2020.

Debt and Liquidity
Credit Ratings - Altria’s cost and terms of financing and its access to commercial paper markets may be impacted by applicable credit ratings. The impact of credit ratings on the cost of borrowings under the Credit Agreement is discussed below.
At March 31, 2020, the credit ratings and outlook for Altria’s indebtedness by major credit rating agencies were:

| Short-term Debt |  | Long-term Debt |  | Outlook
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) | P-2 |  | A3 |  | Negative
Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“Standard & Poor’s”) | A-2 |  | BBB |  | Stable
Fitch Ratings Ltd. | F2 |  | BBB |  | Stable

Credit Lines - From time to time, Altria has short-term borrowing needs to meet its working capital requirements and generally uses its commercial paper program to meet those needs.
The Credit Agreement provides for borrowings up to an aggregate principal amount of $3.0 billion.
On March 23, 2020, Altria provided notice to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent under the Credit Agreement, to borrow the entire available amount ($3.0 billion) under the Credit Agreement and, as of March 31, 2020, $3.0 billion was outstanding under the Credit Agreement. Altria typically accesses the commercial paper market early in the second quarter to help fund payments related to the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement (the “MSA”) and shareholder dividends. In light of the current uncertainty in the global capital markets, including the commercial paper markets, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, Altria elected to borrow the entire amount available under the Credit Agreement as a precautionary measure to increase its cash position and preserve financial flexibility. Altria used a portion of the proceeds from the borrowing under the Credit Agreement to help fund these payments and for other general corporate purposes.
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All borrowings under the Credit Agreement mature on August 1, 2023, unless extended. The Credit Agreement includes an option, subject to certain conditions, for Altria to extend the expiration date for two additional one-year periods. Altria may repay the borrowings under the Credit Agreement at any time without penalty. Altria has the intent and ability to repay the entire outstanding balance under the Credit Agreement within one year and believes it has adequate liquidity and access to financial resources to meet its anticipated obligations in the foreseeable future. As a result, Altria has classified the full amount of the borrowings as a current liability on its condensed consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2020. For further discussion, including interest and covenants in the Credit Agreement, see Note 10. Debt to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 (“Note 10”).
Any commercial paper issued by Altria and borrowings under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by PM USA as further discussed in Note 12. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 (“Note 12”).
Financial Market Environment - Altria believes it has adequate liquidity and access to financial resources to meet its anticipated obligations and ongoing business needs in the foreseeable future. Altria monitors the credit quality of its bank group and is not aware of any potential non-performing credit provider in that group.
COVID-19
Due to the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, including its duration and ultimate overall impact, Altria expects to maintain a higher than normal cash balance in order to preserve its financial flexibility. As a result, Altria took the following actions to increase its cash position:

• | borrowed the full $3.0 billion available under the Credit Agreement as discussed above;

• | did not repurchase any shares during the first quarter of 2020 under its current $1.0 billion share repurchase program, and in April 2020, the Board of Directors rescinded the $500 million remaining in the share repurchase program;

• | as permitted under recent federal government COVID-19 tax relief, deferred approximately $450 million of estimated federal income tax payments from April 2020 to July 2020 and will defer an additional $475 million from June 2020 to July 2020;

• | as permitted under recent state governments COVID-19 tax relief, deferred approximately $65 million of estimated state income tax payments from April 2020 to July 2020 and will defer future payments as allowable; and

• | deferred federal excise tax payments of approximately $450 million from April 2020 to July 2020 and will continue to defer payments previously due in May 2020 and June 2020 by 90 days to August 2020 and September 2020, respectively.

At March 31, 2020, Altria’s receivables primarily reflect sales of wine produced and/or distributed by Ste. Michelle. Altria’s businesses anticipate that the COVID-19 pandemic may present challenges in ensuring timely payment and collection of accounts receivable for some of its customers. Altria will closely monitor these situations and will record an allowance for doubtful accounts against such receivables, if such conditions arise. As of the date of this filing, Altria was not aware of any such conditions.
In addition, in April 2020, ABI announced that it would reduce its next dividend payment by 50% to preserve financial flexibility during this period of significant volatility and uncertainty. This action will result in a reduction to Altria’s cash dividends received from ABI of approximately $100 million in the second quarter of 2020.
Debt - At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Altria’s total debt was $30.0 billion and $28.0 billion, respectively. The increase in debt was due to Altria’s borrowings of $3.0 billion under the Credit Agreement discussed above, partially offset by the repayment in full of $1.0 billion of Altria senior unsecured notes at scheduled maturity in January 2020.
For further details on short-term borrowings and long-term debt, see Note 10.
Guarantees and Other Similar Matters - As discussed in Note 11, Altria and certain of its subsidiaries had unused letters of credit obtained in the ordinary course of business, guarantees (including third-party guarantees) and a redeemable noncontrolling interest outstanding at March 31, 2020. From time to time, subsidiaries of Altria also issue lines of credit to affiliated entities. In addition, as discussed in Note 12, PM USA has issued guarantees relating to Altria’s obligations under its outstanding debt securities, borrowings under its Credit Agreement and amounts outstanding under its commercial paper program. These items have not had, and are not expected to have, a significant impact on Altria’s liquidity. For further discussion regarding Altria’s liquidity, see the Debt and Liquidity section above.
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Payments Under State Settlement Agreements and FDA Regulation - As discussed previously and in Note 11, PM USA and Nat Sherman have entered into State Settlement Agreements with the states and territories of the United States that call for certain payments. In addition, PM USA, Middleton, Nat Sherman and USSTC are subject to quarterly user fees imposed by the FDA as a result of the FSPTCA. Altria’s subsidiaries recorded $1.1 billion and $1.0 billion of charges to cost of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, in connection with the State Settlement Agreements and FDA user fees. For further discussion of the resolutions of certain disputes with states and territories related to the NPM adjustment provision under the MSA, see Health Care Cost Recovery Litigation - NPM Adjustment Disputes in Note 11.
Based on current agreements, 2019 market share and estimated annual industry volume decline rates, the estimated amounts that Altria’s subsidiaries may charge to cost of sales for payments related to State Settlement Agreements and FDA user fees approximate $4.5 billion in 2020 and $4.4 billion each year thereafter. These amounts exclude the potential impact of any NPM Adjustment Items.
The estimated amounts due under the State Settlement Agreements charged to cost of sales in each year would generally be paid in the following year. The amounts charged to cost of sales for FDA user fees are generally paid in the quarter in which the fees are incurred. As previously stated, the payments due under the terms of the State Settlement Agreements and FDA user fees are subject to adjustment for several factors, including volume, operating income, inflation and certain contingent events and, in general, are allocated based on each manufacturer’s market share. The future payment amounts discussed above are estimates, and actual payment amounts will differ to the extent underlying assumptions differ from actual future results.
Litigation-Related Deposits and Payments - With respect to certain adverse verdicts currently on appeal, to obtain stays of judgments pending appeals, as of March 31, 2020, PM USA had posted appeal bonds totaling $48 million, which have been collateralized with restricted cash that is included in assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Although litigation is subject to uncertainty and an adverse outcome or settlement of litigation could have a material adverse effect on the financial position, cash flows or results of operations of PM USA, UST LLC (“UST”) or Altria in a particular fiscal quarter or fiscal year, as more fully disclosed in Note 11 and in Cautionary Factors That May Affect Future Results, management expects cash flow from operations, together with Altria’s access to capital markets, to provide sufficient liquidity to meet ongoing business needs.
Equity and Dividends
On February 26, 2020, Altria granted an aggregate of 0.9 million restricted stock units “(“RSUs”) and 0.2 million performance stock units (“PSUs”) to eligible employees. The service restrictions for the RSUs and the PSUs lapse in the first quarter of 2023. In addition, the vesting of the PSUs depends first on Altria’s performance on certain financial metrics over the three-year vesting period. The payout resulting from the performance metrics is then scaled up or down by a total shareholder return (“TSR”) performance multiplier, which depends on Altria’s relative TSR against a predetermined peer group. The market value per share of the RSUs and the PSUs granted on February 26, 2020 was $42.61 and $43.28, respectively, on the date of grant.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, 0.5 million shares of RSUs vested. The total fair value of RSUs that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $23 million. The weighted-average grant date fair value per share of these awards was $66.76.
Dividends paid during the first three months of 2020 and 2019 were $1,563 million and $1,502 million, respectively, an increase of 4.1%, reflecting a higher dividend rate, partially offset by fewer shares outstanding as a result of shares repurchased by Altria under its share repurchase programs. The current annualized dividend rate is $3.36 per share of Altria common stock. In 2020, Altria expects to recommend a quarterly dividend rate to the Board of Directors that reflects, among other things, its strong cash generation and the strength of its balance sheet. Altria’s objective remains a dividend payout ratio target of approximately 80% of its adjusted diluted EPS. Future dividend payments remain subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors.
For a discussion of Altria’s share repurchase programs, see Note 1. Background and Basis of Presentation to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 and Part II, Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds of this Form 10-Q.
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New Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted
See Note 13. New Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 for a discussion of issued accounting guidance applicable to, but not yet adopted by, Altria.
Contingencies
See Note 11 for a discussion of contingencies.
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Cautionary Factors That May Affect Future Results
Forward-Looking and Cautionary Statements
We may from time to time make written or oral forward-looking statements, including earnings guidance and other statements contained in filings with the SEC, reports to security holders, press releases and investor webcasts. You can identify these forward-looking statements by use of words such as “strategy,” “expects,” “continues,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “will,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “projects,” “goals,” “objectives,” “guidance,” “targets” and other words of similar meaning. You can also identify them by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts.
We cannot guarantee that any forward-looking statement will be realized, although we believe we have been prudent in our plans, estimates and assumptions. Achievement of future results is subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that may prove to be inaccurate. Should known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying estimates or assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could differ materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected. You should bear this in mind as you consider forward-looking statements and whether to invest in or remain invested in Altria’s securities. In connection with the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, we are identifying important factors that, individually or in the aggregate, could cause actual results and outcomes to differ materially from those contained in, or implied by, any forward-looking statements made by us; any such statement is qualified by reference to the following cautionary statements. We elaborate on these important factors and the risks we face throughout this Form 10-Q, particularly in Item 1A and in the “Business Environment” sections preceding our discussion of the operating results of our subsidiaries’ businesses, and in our publicly filed reports, including our 2019 Form 10-K. These factors include the following:

▪ | the risks associated with health epidemics and pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic and similar outbreaks, such as their impact on our financial performance and financial condition and on our subsidiaries’ and investees’ ability to continue manufacturing and distributing products, and the impact of health epidemics and pandemics on general economic conditions, including any resulting recession;

▪ | unfavorable litigation outcomes, including risks associated with adverse jury and judicial determinations, courts and arbitrators reaching conclusions at variance with our, our subsidiaries’ or our investees’ understanding of applicable law, bonding requirements in the jurisdictions that do not limit the dollar amount of appeal bonds, and certain challenges to bond cap statutes;

▪ | government (including FDA) and private sector actions that impact adult tobacco consumer acceptability of, or access to, tobacco products;

▪ | the growth of the e-vapor category and other innovative tobacco products contributing to reductions in cigarette and MST consumption levels and sales volume;

▪ | tobacco product taxation, including lower tobacco product consumption levels and potential shifts in adult consumer purchases as a result of federal, state and local excise tax increases;

▪ | the failure by our tobacco and wine subsidiaries to compete effectively in their respective markets;

▪ | our tobacco and wine subsidiaries’ continued ability to promote brand equity successfully; to anticipate and respond to evolving adult consumer preferences; to develop, manufacture, market and distribute products that appeal to adult consumers (including, where appropriate, through arrangements with, and investments in third parties); to improve productivity; and to protect or enhance margins through cost savings and price increases;

▪ | changes, including in economic conditions, that result in adult consumers choosing lower-priced brands including discount brands;

▪ | the unsuccessful commercialization of adjacent products or processes by our tobacco subsidiaries and investees, including innovative tobacco products that may reduce the health risks associated with cigarettes and other traditional tobacco products, and that appeal to adult tobacco consumers;

▪ | significant changes in price, availability or quality of tobacco, other raw materials or component parts, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;

▪ | the risks related to the reliance by our tobacco and wine subsidiaries on a few significant facilities and a small number of key suppliers, and the risk of an extended disruption at a facility or of service by a supplier of our tobacco or wine subsidiaries or investees including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;

▪ | required or voluntary product recalls as a result of various circumstances such as product contamination or FDA or other regulatory action;

▪ | the failure of our information systems or service providers’ information systems to function as intended, or cyber-attacks or security breaches;

▪ | unfavorable outcomes of any government investigations of Altria, our subsidiaries or investees;

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▪ | a successful challenge to our tax positions;

▪ | the risks related to our and our investees’ international business operations, including failure to prevent violations of various U.S. and foreign laws and regulations such as laws prohibiting bribery and corruption;

▪ | our inability to attract and retain the best talent due to the impact of decreasing social acceptance of tobacco usage and tobacco control actions;

▪ | the adverse effect of acquisitions, investments, dispositions or other events on our credit rating;

▪ | our inability to acquire attractive businesses or make attractive investments on favorable terms, or at all, or to realize the anticipated benefits from an acquisition or investment and our inability to dispose of businesses or investments on favorable terms or at all;

▪ | the risks related to disruption and uncertainty in the credit and capital markets, including risk of access to these markets both generally and at current prevailing rates which may adversely affect our earnings or dividend rate or both;

▪ | impairment losses as a result of the write down of intangible assets, including goodwill;

▪ | the risks related to Ste. Michelle’s wine business, including competition, unfavorable changes in grape supply, and changes in adult consumer preferences that have resulted and may continue to result in increased inventory levels and inventory write offs, and governmental regulations;

▪ | the risk that any challenge to our investment in JUUL, if successful, could result in a broad range of resolutions such as divestiture of the investment or rescission of the transaction;

▪ | the risks generally related to our investments in JUUL and Cronos, including our inability to realize the expected benefits of our investments in the expected time frames, or at all, due to the risks encountered by our investees in their businesses, such as operational, compliance and regulatory risks at the international, federal, state and local levels, including actions by the FDA, and adverse publicity; potential disruptions to our investees’ management or current or future plans and operations; domestic or international litigation developments, government investigations, tax disputes or otherwise; and impairment of our investments;

▪ | the risks related to our inability to acquire a controlling interest in JUUL as a result of standstill restrictions or to control the material decisions of JUUL, restrictions on our ability to sell or otherwise transfer our shares of JUUL until December 20, 2024, and non-competition restrictions for the same time period subject to certain exceptions;

▪ | the adverse effects of risks encountered by ABI in its business, including effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, foreign currency exchange rates and the impact of movements in ABI’s stock price on our equity investment in ABI, including on our reported earnings from and carrying value of our investment in ABI, which could result in impairment of our investment, and the dividends paid by ABI on the shares we own;

▪ | the risks related to our inability to transfer our equity securities in ABI until October 10, 2021, and, if our ownership percentage decreases below certain levels, the adverse effects of additional tax liabilities, a reduction in the number of directors that we have the right to have appointed to the ABI board of directors, and our potential inability to use the equity method of accounting for our investment in ABI;

▪ | the risk of challenges to the tax treatment of the consideration we received in the ABI/SABMiller business combination and the tax treatment of our equity investment; and

▪ | the risks, including criminal, civil or tax liability for Altria, related to Cronos’s or Altria’s failure to comply with applicable laws, including cannabis laws.

You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all factors and risks. Consequently, you should not consider the foregoing list to be complete. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement that we may make from time to time except as required by applicable law.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rates
At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the fair value of Altria’s long-term debt, all of which is fixed-rate debt, was $28.3 billion and $30.7 billion, respectively. The fair value of Altria’s long-term debt is subject to fluctuations resulting from changes in market interest rates. A 1% increase in market interest rates at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 would decrease the fair value of Altria’s long-term debt by $2.2 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively. A 1% decrease in market interest rates at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 would increase the fair value of Altria’s long-term debt by $2.5 billion and $2.7 billion, respectively.
At March 31, 2020, the fair value of Altria’s short-term borrowings under the Credit Agreement was $3.0 billion. Altria had no short-term borrowings at December 31, 2019. Interest on the outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement at March 31, 2020 was based on London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a percentage based on the higher of the ratings of Altria’s long-term senior unsecured debt from Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s. The applicable percentage based on Altria’s long-term senior unsecured debt ratings at March 31, 2020 for borrowings under the Credit Agreement was 1.0%. At March 31, 2020, the interest rate for Altria’s current borrowing under the Credit Agreement was 2.23%.
Equity Price Risk
The estimated fair values of the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights and the Cronos warrant are subject to equity price risk. The Fixed-price Preemptive Rights and warrant are recorded at fair value, which is estimated using Black-Scholes option-pricing models. The fair values of the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights and Cronos warrant are subject to fluctuations resulting from changes in the quoted market price of Cronos shares, the underlying equity security.
At March 31, 2020, the fair values of the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights and Cronos warrant were $34 million and $132 million, respectively. A 10% increase or decrease in the quoted market price of Cronos shares at March 31, 2020 would increase or decrease the fair values of the Fixed-price Preemptive Rights and Cronos warrant by approximately $7 million and $23 million, respectively.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Altria carried out an evaluation, with the participation of Altria’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, Altria’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that Altria’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
There have been no changes in Altria’s internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.
Part II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
See Note 11 for a discussion of legal proceedings pending against Altria and its subsidiaries. See also Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 to this Form 10-Q.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Information regarding Risk Factors appears in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of the 2019 Form 10-K. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the 2019 Form 10-K:
Altria, its subsidiaries and its investees face various risks related to health epidemics and pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic and similar outbreaks, which could have a material adverse effect on the business, consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of Altria and its subsidiaries and investees.
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Altria’s, its subsidiaries’ and its investees’ business and financial results, consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position could be negatively impacted by health epidemics, pandemics and similar outbreaks. The recent and rapidly spreading COVID-19 pandemic could have negative impacts, such as (i) a global or U.S. recession or other economic crisis including a financial crisis, (ii) credit and capital markets volatility (and access to these markets, including by those in the distribution and supply chains), (iii) significant volatility in demand for our tobacco and wine subsidiaries’ and investees’ products, (iv) changes in adult consumer accessibility to those products including due to government action; (v) changes in adult consumer behavior and preferences, including trading down to lower-priced products or cessation of product use due to public health actions or concerns and (vi) extended or multiple disruptions in our subsidiaries’ or investees’ manufacturing operations, or in their distribution and supply chains. In addition, our subsidiaries’ and investees’ operations may incur increased costs and otherwise be negatively affected if significant portions of their respective workforces (or the workforces within their respective distribution or supply chains) are unable to work or work effectively, including because of illness, unavailability of personal protective equipment, quarantines, government actions, facility closures or other restrictions.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic depends on factors beyond our knowledge or control, including the duration and severity of the outbreak and actions taken to contain its spread and mitigate the public health effects. In the first quarter of 2020, due to these uncertainties, and the potential adverse impact of an economic downturn or recession due to the pandemic, including on our earnings from ABI, we withdrew our 2020 full-year adjusted diluted EPS guidance and our three-year adjusted diluted EPS growth objective. We cannot at this time predict the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our or our investees’ future financial or operational results, but the impact could be material over time. See the third risk factor below for risks related to extended disruptions at a facility, of a distributor or in service by a service provider and the sixth risk factor below for risks related to our investment in ABI and the earnings from and carrying value of that investment. For further discussion on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tobacco and wine businesses, see Tobacco Segment - Business Environment and Wine Segment - Business Environment in Item 2.
Significant changes in price, availability or quality of tobacco, other raw materials or component parts could have an adverse effect on the profitability and business of Altria’s tobacco subsidiaries and investees.
Any significant change in prices, quality or availability of tobacco, other raw materials or component parts, particularly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, could adversely affect our tobacco subsidiaries’ and our investees’ profitability and business. The COVID-19 pandemic also may impact the availability of direct materials necessary for our tobacco subsidiaries and JUUL to remain compliant with FDA and other regulatory requirements for tobacco products. For further discussion, see Tobacco Space - Business Environment - Price, Availability and Quality of Tobacco, Other Raw Materials and Component Parts in Item 2.
Altria’s subsidiaries rely on a few significant facilities and a small number of key suppliers, distributors and distribution chain service providers. An extended disruption at a facility or in service by a supplier, distributor or distribution chain service provider could have a material adverse effect on the business, the consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of Altria and its tobacco and wine subsidiaries and investees.
Altria’s subsidiaries face risks inherent in reliance on a few significant manufacturing facilities and a small number of key suppliers, distributors and distribution chain service providers. A natural or man-made disaster or other disruption that affects the manufacturing operations of any of Altria’s tobacco or wine subsidiaries or investees, the operations of any key supplier, distributor or distribution chain service provider of any of Altria’s tobacco or wine subsidiaries or investees or any other disruption in the supply or distribution of goods or services (including a key supplier’s inability to comply with government regulations or unwillingness to supply goods or services to a tobacco company) could adversely impact the operations of the affected subsidiaries and investees. For example, in March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a temporary suspension of operations at PM USA’s Richmond, Virginia manufacturing facility, which is the primary facility for manufacturing PM USA cigarettes. Some state governors also have issued executive orders requiring that certain businesses temporarily suspend operations for varying periods of time while the COVID-19 pandemic persists. Operations of our subsidiaries, suppliers, distributors and distribution chain service providers and those of our investees could be suspended temporarily once or multiple times, or closed permanently, depending on various factors, including how long the COVID-19 pandemic persists and the extent to which state, local and federal governments, as well as foreign countries, impose restrictions on the operation of facilities or otherwise place limits on the supply and distribution chains. An extended disruption in operations experienced by one or more of Altria’s subsidiaries, investees or in the supply or distribution of goods or services by one or more key suppliers, distributors or distribution chain service providers could have a material adverse effect on the business, the consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position of Altria and its tobacco and wine subsidiaries and investees.
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Competition, changes in adult consumer preferences, unfavorable changes in grape supply and new governmental regulations or revisions to existing governmental regulations could adversely affect Ste. Michelle’s wine business.
Ste. Michelle’s business is impacted by evolving adult consumer preferences. Shifts away from the wine category to other alcohol categories or shifts to lower-priced wines have resulted, and could continue to result, in slowing growth in Ste. Michelle’s sales and increased inventory levels and have an adverse effect on Ste. Michelle’s wine business. As discussed in Asset Impairment, Exit and Implementation Costs in Note 3, in the first quarter of 2020, Ste. Michelle recorded pre-tax charges of $392 million in cost of sales, including a $292 million inventory write off and $100 million in estimated losses on future non-cancelable grape purchase commitments as a result of inventory levels significantly exceeding long-term forecasted demand. Ste. Michelle expects to record additional charges up to approximately $25 million during the remainder of 2020, consisting of inventory disposal costs and other charges. Evolving adult consumer preferences, an economic downturn or recession or other factors could result in a further slowdown in the wine category and otherwise have a material adverse effect on Ste. Michelle’s wine business. The adequacy of Ste. Michelle’s grape supply is influenced by consumer demand for wine in relation to industry-wide production levels as well as by weather and crop conditions, particularly in eastern Washington. Supply shortages or surpluses related to any one or more of these factors could impact production costs and wine prices, which ultimately may have a negative impact on Ste. Michelle’s sales. In addition, Ste. Michelle’s business is subject to significant competition, including from many large, well-established domestic and international companies. Federal, state and local governmental agencies also regulate the alcohol beverage industry through various means, including licensing requirements, pricing, labeling and advertising restrictions, and distribution and production policies. New regulations or revisions to existing regulations, resulting in further restrictions or taxes on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages may have an adverse effect on Ste. Michelle’s wine business. For further discussion see Wine Segment - Business Environment in Item 2.
A challenge to our investment in JUUL, if successful, could result in a broad range of resolutions such as divestiture of the investment or rescission of the transaction.
A challenge to our investment in JUUL, if successful, could result in a broad range of resolutions such as divestiture of the investment or rescission of the transaction. In April 2020, the FTC issued an administrative complaint against Altria and JUUL alleging that Altria’s 35% investment in JUUL and the associated agreements constitute an unreasonable restraint of trade in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act and Section 5 of the FTC Act, and substantially lessened competition in violation of Section 7 of the Clayton Act. The FTC seeks a broad range of remedies including divestiture of Altria’s minority investment in JUUL, rescission of the transaction and prohibition against any officer or director of either Altria or JUUL serving on the other’s board of directors or attending meetings. The administrative trial will take place before an FTC administrative law judge and is currently scheduled to begin March 11, 2021. Any ruling by the FTC is subject to review by the FTC Commissioners and subsequently, by a federal appellate court.
Additionally, on October 1, 2019, the FTC issued a Civil Investigative Demand to Altria seeking information regarding, among other things, Altria’s role in the resignation of JUUL’s former chief executive officer and the hiring by JUUL of any current or former Altria director, executive or employee. The FTC administrative complaint, referenced above, contains no allegations relating to this issue and the FTC has raised no further questions about it.
Also as of April 27, 2020, three putative class action lawsuits were filed against Altria and JUUL in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. The lawsuits cite the FTC administrative complaint referenced above and allege claims similar to those made by the FTC. For further discussion see Note 11.
Neither the FTC nor the private plaintiffs has sought to preliminarily enjoin Altria from converting Altria’s non-voting JUUL shares to voting shares or appointing directors to the JUUL board of directors.
A successful challenge by the FTC or the plaintiffs in the lawsuits to the investment would adversely affect us, including by substantially limiting our rights with respect to our investment in JUUL.
Altria’s reported earnings from and carrying value of its equity investment in ABI and the dividends paid by ABI on shares owned by Altria may be adversely affected by various factors, including foreign currency exchange rates and ABI’s business results, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and stock price.
For purposes of financial reporting, the earnings from and carrying value of our equity investment in ABI are translated into U.S. dollars (“USD”) from various local currencies. In addition, ABI pays dividends in euros, which we convert into USD. During times of a strengthening USD against these currencies, our reported earnings from and carrying value of our equity investment in ABI will be reduced because these currencies will translate into fewer USD and the dividends that we receive
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from ABI will convert into fewer USD. Dividends and earnings from and carrying value of our equity investment in ABI are also subject to the risks encountered by ABI in its business, its business outlook, cash flow requirements and financial performance, the state of the market and the general economic climate, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, in April 2020, as a result of the uncertainty, volatility and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ABI’s business, ABI announced a proposed 50% reduction to its upcoming dividend, which would result in a reduction of cash dividends Altria will receive from ABI. ABI previously announced a 50% rebase to its dividends in October 2018. In addition, if the carrying value of our investment in ABI exceeds its fair value and the loss in value is other than temporary, the investment is considered impaired, which would result in impairment losses and could have a material adverse effect on Altria’s consolidated financial position or earnings. We cannot provide any assurance that ABI will successfully execute its business plans and strategies. Earnings from and carrying value of our equity investment in ABI are also subject to fluctuations in ABI’s stock price.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
In July 2019, the Board of Directors authorized a new $1.0 billion share repurchase program (the “July 2019 share repurchase program”). In April 2020, the Board of Directors rescinded the $500 million remaining in the July 2019 share repurchase program.
Altria’s share repurchase activity for each of the three months in the period ended March 31, 2020, was as follows:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 1 - 31, 2020 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 500,000,064 |
February 1 - 29, 2020 |  | 192,652 |  |  | $ | 46.18 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 500,000,064 |
March 1 - 31, 2020 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 500,000,064 |
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2020 |  | 192,652 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  |

(1) | The total number of shares purchased represents shares withheld by Altria in an amount equal to the statutory withholding taxes for holders who vested in stock-based awards.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

2.1 | Amendment No. 1 to Relationship Agreement, dated as of January 28, 2020, by and among JUUL Labs, Inc. and Altria Group, Inc. and Altria Enterprises LLC. Incorporated by reference to Altria Group, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 30, 2020 (File No. 1-08940).

2.2 | Amendment No. 1 to Class C-1 Common Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 28, 2020, by and among JUUL Labs, Inc., Altria Group, Inc. and Altria Enterprises LLC. Incorporated by reference to Altria Group, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 30, 2020 (File No. 1-08940).

3.1 | Amended and Restated By-Laws of Altria Group, Inc., effective as of April 16, 2020. Incorporated by reference to Altria Group, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 17, 2020 (File No. 1-08940).

10.1 | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (2020).

10.2 | Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement (2020).

31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

99.1 | Certain Litigation Matters.

99.2 | Trial Schedule for Certain Cases.

101.INS XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
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Signature
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
ALTRIA GROUP, INC.
/s/ SALVATORE MANCUSO
Salvatore Mancuso
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
April 30, 2020
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