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Note 8 - Fair Value (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value Abstract  
Carrying Value And Fair Value
Fair Value and Carrying Amount (Millions of euros)
2018
NotesCarrying AmountFair Value
ASSETS
Cash, cash balances at central banks and other demand deposits958,19658,196
Financial assets held for trading1090,11790,117
Non-trading financial assets mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss115,1355,135
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss121,3131,313
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income1356,33756,337
Financial assets at amortized cost14419,660419,857
Hedging derivatives 152,8922,892
LIABILITIES
Financial liabilities held for trading 1080,77480,774
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss 126,9936,993
Financial liabilities at amortized cost 22509,185510,300
Hedging derivatives152,6802,680

Fair Value and Carrying Amount (Millions of euros)
20172016
NotesCarrying AmountFair ValueCarrying AmountFair Value
ASSETS
Cash, cash balances at central banks and other demand deposits942,68042,68040,03940,039
Financial assets held for trading1064,69564,69574,95074,950
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss122,7092,7092,0622,062
Available-for-sale financial assets69,47669,47679,22179,221
Loans and receivables431,521438,991465,977468,844
Held-to-maturity investments13,75413,86517,69617,619
Derivatives – Hedge accounting152,4852,4852,8332,833
LIABILITIES
Financial liabilities held for trading 1046,18246,18254,67554,675
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss122,2222,2222,3382,338
Financial liabilities at amortized cost22543,713544,604589,210594,190
Derivatives – Hedge accounting152,8802,8802,3472,347
Fair Value Of Financial Instruments
Fair Value of financial Instruments by Levels (Millions of euros)
2018
NotesLevel 1Level 2Level 3
ASSETS-
Financial assets held for trading1026,73062,983404
Loans and advances to customers4728,64260
Debt securities 17,8847,494199
Equity instruments 5,194-60
Derivatives3,60526,84685
Non-trading financial assets mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss113,127781,929
Loans and advances25-1,778
Debt securities907176
Equity instruments3,012875
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss121,313--
Debt securities1,313--
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income1345,8249,3231,190
Loans and advances33--
Debt securities43,7889,211711
Equity instruments2,003113479
Hedging derivatives1572,8823
LIABILITIES-
Financial liabilities held for trading 1022,93257,573269
Deposits7,98929,945-
Trading derivatives3,91927,628267
Other financial liabilities11,024-1
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss12-4,4782,515
Customer deposits-976-
Debt certificates-2,858-
Other financial liabilities-6432,515
Derivatives – Hedge accounting152232,4543

Fair Value of financial Instruments by Levels (Millions of euros)
20172016
NotesLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 1Level 2Level 3
ASSETS-
Financial assets held for trading1029,05735,34928932,54442,221184
Loans and advances to customers-56--154-
Debt securities 21,1071,4442226,72041828
Equity instruments 6,68833804,570996
Derivatives1,26233,8151871,25441,64060
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss112,061648-2,062--
Loans and advances to customers-648----
Debt securities174--142--
Equity instruments1,888--1,920--
Available-for-sale financial assets 57,38111,08254462,12515,894637
Debt securities54,85010,94845458,37215,779429
Equity instruments2,531134903,753115208
Hedging derivatives15-2,4832412,792-
LIABILITIES-
Financial liabilities held for trading 1011,19134,86612512,50242,12053
Derivatives1,18334,86611995242,12047
Short positions 10,008-611,550-6
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss12-2,222--2,338-
Derivatives – Hedge accounting152742,606-942,18964
Financial Instruments At Fair Value By Levels
Fair Value of financial Instruments by Levels. December 2018 (Millions of euros)
Level 2Level 3Valuation technique(s)Observable inputsUnobservable inputs
ASSETS
Financial assets held for trading62,983404
Loans and advances28,64260Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)- Issuer´s credit risk- Current market interest rates- Prepayment rates- Issuer´s credit risk- Recovery rates
Debt securities 7,494199Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)Observed prices in non active markets- Issuer´s credit risk- Current market interest rates- Non active markets prices- Prepayment rates- Issuer´s credit risk- Recovery rates
Equity instruments -60Comparable pricing (Observable price in a similar market)Present-value method- Brokers quotes- Market operations- NAVs published- NAV provided by the administrator of the fund
Derivatives26,84685
Interest rateInterest rate products (Interest rate swaps, Call money Swaps y FRA): Discounted cash flowsCaps/Floors: Black, Hull-White y SABRBond options: Black Swaptions: Black, Hull-White y LGMOther Interest rate options: Black, Hull-White y LGMConstant Maturity Swaps: SABR- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations- Beta- Implicit correlations between tenors- interest rates volatility
EquityFuture and Equity Forward: Discounted future cash flowsEquity Options: Local Volatility, Momentum adjustment - Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations- Volatility of volatility- Implicit assets correlations- Long term implicit correlations- Implicit dividends and long term repos
Foreign exchange and goldFuture and Equity Forward: Discounted future cash flowsForeign exchange Options: Local Volatility, moments adjustment- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations- Volatility of volatility- Implicit assets correlations- Long term implicit correlations
CreditCredit Derivatives: Default model and Gaussian copula- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations- Correlation default- Credit spread- Recovery rates- Interest rate yield- Default volatility
CommoditiesCommodities: Momentum adjustment and Discounted cash flows- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations
Non-trading financial assets mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss781,929
Loans and advances-1,778Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)Specific criteria for the liquidation of losses established by the EPA protocol- Prepayment rates- Issuer credit risk- Recovery rates- PD and LGD
Debt securities 7176Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)- Issuer credit risk- Current market interest rates- Prepayment rates- Issuer credit risk- Recovery rates
Equity instruments875Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)- Issuer credit risk- Current market interest rates- Prepayment rates- Issuer credit risk- Recovery rates
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income9,3231,190
Debt securities 9,211711Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)Observed prices in non active markets- Issuer´s credit risk- Current market interest rates- Non active market prices- Prepayment rates- Issuer credit risk- Recovery rates
Equity instruments113479Comparable pricing (Observable price in a similar market)Present-value method- Brokers quotes- Market operations- NAVs published- NAV provided by the administrator of the fund
Hedging derivatives2,8823
Interest rateInterest rate products (Interest rate swaps, Call money Swaps y FRA): Discounted cash flowsCaps/Floors: Black, Hull-White y SABRBond options: Black Swaptions: Black, Hull-White y LGMOther Interest rate options: Black, Hull-White y LGMConstant Maturity Swaps: SABR- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations
EquityFuture and Equity Forward: Discounted future cash flowsEquity Options: Local Volatility, Momentum adjustment - Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations
Foreign exchange and goldFuture and Equity Forward: Discounted future cash flowsForeign exchange Options: Local Volatility, moments adjustment- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations
CreditCredit Derivatives: Default model and Gaussian copula- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations
CommoditiesCommodities: Momentum adjustment and Discounted cash flows- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations

Fair Value of financial Instruments by Levels. December 2018 (Millions of euros)
Valuation technique(s)Observable inputsUnobservable inputs
LIABILITIES
Financial liabilities held for trading 57,573269
Deposits29,945-
Derivatives27,628267
Interest rateInterest rate products (Interest rate swaps, Call money Swaps y FRA): Discounted cash flowsCaps/Floors: Black, Hull-White y SABRBond options: Black Swaptions: Black, Hull-White y LGMOther Interest rate options: Black, Hull-White y LGMConstant Maturity Swaps: SABR- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations- Beta- Correlation between tenors- interest rates volatility
EquityFuture and Equity Forward: Discounted future cash flowsEquity Options: Local Volatility, Momentum adjustment - Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations- Volatility of volatility- Assets correlation
Foreign exchange and goldFuture and Equity Forward: Discounted future cash flowsForeign exchange Options: Local Volatility, moments adjustment- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations- Volatility of volatility- Assets correlation
CreditCredit Derivatives: Default model and Gaussian copula- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations- Correlation default- Credit spread- Recovery rates- Interest rate yield- Default volatility
CommoditiesCommodities: Momentum adjustment and Discounted cash flows- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations
Short positions -1Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)- Correlation default- Credit spread- Recovery rates- Interest rate yield
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss4,4782,515Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)- Prepayment rates- Issuer´s credit risk- Current market interest rates- Prepayment rates- Issuer´s credit risk- Current market interest rates
Derivatives – Hedge accounting2,4543
Interest rateInterest rate products (Interest rate swaps, Call money Swaps y FRA): Discounted cash flowsCaps/Floors: Black, Hull-White y SABRBond options: Black Swaptions: Black, Hull-White y LGMOther Interest rate options: Black, Hull-White y LGMConstant Maturity Swaps: SABR- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations- Beta- Implicit correlations between tenors- interest rates volatility
EquityFuture and Equity Forward: Discounted future cash flowsEquity Options: Local Volatility, Momentum adjustment - Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations- Volatility of volatility- Implicit assets correlations- Long term implicit correlations- Implicit dividends and long term repos
Foreign exchange and goldFuture and Equity Forward: Discounted future cash flowsForeign exchange Options: Local Volatility, moments adjustment- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations- Volatility of volatility- Implicit assets correlations- Long term implicit correlations
CreditCredit Derivatives: Default model and Gaussian copula- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations- Correlation default- Credit spread- Recovery rates- Interest rate yield- Default volatility
CommoditiesCommodities: Momentum adjustment and Discounted cash flows- Exchange rates- Market quoted future prices- Market interest rates- Underlying assets prices: shares, funds, commodities- Market observable volatilities - Issuer credit spread levels- Quoted dividends- Market listed correlations
Disclosure Of Significant Unobservable Inputs Used In Fair Value Measurement Of Assets
Financial instrumentValuation technique(s)Significant unobservable inputsMinAverageMaxUnits
Debt SecuritiesNet Present ValueCredit Spread37152.22385.00b.p.
Recovery Rate0.00%32.06%40.00%%
Comparable pricing1.00%88.00%275.00%%
Equity instrumentsNet Asset Value
Comparable pricing
Credit OptionGaussian CopulaCorrelation Default0.00%37.98%60.26%%
Equity OTC OptionHestonForward Volatility Skew47.0547.0547.05Vegas
Local VolatilityDividends
Volatility13.7927.2465.02vegas
FX OTC OptionsBlack Scholes/Local VolVolatility5.057.739.71vegas
Interest Rate OptionLibor Market ModelBeta0.259.0018.00%
Correlation Rate/Credit(100)-100%
Credit Default Volatility---Vegas
Level 3 Financial Instruments
Financial Assets Level 3: Changes in the Period (Millions of euros)
201820172016
AssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
Balance at the beginning835125822116463182
Changes in fair value recognized in profit and loss (*)(167)(95)(24)(21)33(86)
Changes in fair value not recognized in profit and loss(4)-(45)-(81)(3)
Acquisitions, disposals and liquidations (**)2,1022,71032320438(25)
Net transfers to Level 376147106(39)16-
Exchange differences and others--(55)(250)(47)49
Balance at the end3,5272,787835125822116

(*) Profit or loss that is attributable to gains or losses relating to those financial assets and liabilities held as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Valuation adjustments are recorded under the heading “Gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities, net”.

(**) Of which, in 2018, the assets roll forward is comprised of €2,400 million of acquisitions, €254 millions of disposals and €44 millions of liquidations. The liabilities roll forward is comprised of €2,716 million of acquisitions and €5 millions of liquidations.

Levels Transfers
Transfer Between Levels. December 2018 (Millions of euros)
From:Level 1Level 2Level 3
To:Level 2Level 3Level 1 Level 3Level 1Level2
ASSETS
Financial assets held for trading1,171226-2
Non-trading financial assets mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss--967-24
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income13472-515--
Derivatives---5211849
Total1,305741164111875
LIABILITIES-
Financial liabilities held for trading---138-37
Total---138-37
Sensitivity Analysis Level 3
Financial Assets Level 3: Sensitivity Analysis (Millions of euros)
Potential Impact on Consolidated Income Statement Potential Impact on Total Equity
Most Favorable HypothesisLeast Favorable HypothesisMost Favorable HypothesisLeast Favorable Hypothesis
ASSETS
Financial assets held for trading6(13)--
Debt securities2(3)--
Equity instruments3(9)--
Derivatives1(1)--
Non-trading financial assets mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss291(181)--
Loans and Advances285(161)--
Debt securities3(12)--
Equity instruments3(8)--
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income--1(1)
LIABILITIES
Financial liabilities held for trading1(1)1(1)
Total297(194)1(1)
Disclosure of fair value instruments carried at cost main valuation techniques assets explanatory
Fair Value of financial Instruments at amortized cost by Levels (Millions of euros)
2018
NotesLevel 1Level 2Level 3
ASSETS
Cash, cash balances at central banks and other demand deposits958,024-172
Financial assets at amortized cost1421,419204,619193,819
LIABILITIES
Financial liabilities at amortized cost 2258,225269,128182,948
Disclosure of main valuation techniques financial instruments assets explanatory
Fair Value of financial Instruments at amortized cost by valuation technique. December 2018 (Millions of euros)
Level 2Level 3Valuation technique(s)Main inputs used
ASSETS
Financial assets at amortized cost204,619193,819
Central Banks-1Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)- Credit spread- Prepayment rates- Interest rate yield
Loans and advances to credit institutions4,9344,291Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)- Credit spread- Prepayment rates- Interest rate yield
Loans and advances to customers190,666183,645Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)- Credit spread- Prepayment rates- Interest rate yield
Debt securities9,0195,881Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)- Credit spread- Interest rate yield
LIABILITIES
Financial liabilities at amortized cost 269,128182,948
Central Banks196-Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)- Issuer´s credit risk- Prepayment rates- Interest rate yield
Loans and advances to credit institutions22,2819,852Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)- Issuer´s credit risk- Prepayment rates- Interest rate yield
Loans and advances to customers240,547135,270Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)- Issuer´s credit risk- Prepayment rates- Interest rate yield
Debt securities6,10425,096Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)- Issuer´s credit risk- Prepayment rates- Interest rate yield
Other financial liabilities-12,730Present-value method(Discounted future cash flows)- Issuer´s credit risk- Prepayment rates- Interest rate yield