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Note 44 - Administration Costs | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Classes Of Employee Benefits Expense |
Personnel Expenses Explanatory | 44. Administration costs 44.1. Personnel expense The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:
Other administrative expense (Millions of Euros)
|  | 2020 | 2019 | 2018
Technology and systems |  | 1.088 | 1.060 | 1.000
Communications |  | 172 | 181 | 193
Advertising |  | 186 | 250 | 265
Property, fixtures and materials |  | 404 | 477 | 865
Taxes other than income tax |  | 344 | 378 | 395
Surveillance and cash courier services |  | 161 | 188 | 177
Other expense |  | 749 | 885 | 921
Total |  | 3.105 | 3.418 | 3.816
44.1.1. Share-based employee remuneration The amounts recognized under the heading “Administration costs - Personnel expense - Other personnel expense” in the consolidated income statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, 201 9 and 2018, corresponding to the remuneration plans based on equity instruments in each year, amounted to €16 million, €31 million and €29 million, respectively. These amounts have been recognized with a corresponding entry under the heading “Shareholders’ funds - Other equity instruments” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, net of tax effect. The characteristics of the Group's remuneration plans based on equity instruments are described below. System of Variable Remuneration in Shares BBVA has a specific remuneration system applicable to those employees whose professional activities may have a material impact on the risk profile of the Group (hereinafter “Identified Staff”), designed within the framework of applicable regulations to credit institutions and considering best practices and recommendations at the local and international levels in this matter. In 2020, this remuneration scheme is reflected in the following remuneration policies: BBV A Group Remuneration Policy, approved by the Board of Directors on November 29, 2017, that applies in general to all employees of BBVA and of its subsidiaries that form part of the consolidated group. This policy includes in a specific chapter the remunera tion system applicable to the members of BBVA Group Identified Staff, including Senior Management. BBVA Directors’ Remuneration Policy, approved by the Board of Directors and by the General Shareholders’ Meeting held on March 15, 2019, that it’s applicabl e to BBVA Directors. The remuneration system for executive directors corresponds, generally, with the applicable system to the Identified Staff, to which they belong, incorporating some particularities of their own, derived from their condition of director s. The Annual Variable Remuneration for the Identified Staff members is subject to specific rules for settlement and payment established in their corresponding remuneration policies, specifically: Variable remuneration for Identified Staff members for each financial year will be subject to ex ante adjustments, so that it shall be reduced at the time of the performance assessment in the event of negative performance of the Group’s results or other parameters such as the level of achievement of budgeted targe ts, and it shall not accrue or it will accrue in a reduced amount, should certain level of profits and capital ratios not be achieved. 60% of the Annual Variable Remuneration will be paid, if conditions are met, in the year following that to which it corr esponds (the “Upfront Portion”). For executive directors, members of the Senior Management and Identified Staff members with particularly high variable remuneration, the Upfront Portion will be 40% of the Annual Variable Remuneration. The remaining portion will be deferred in time (hereinafter, the “Deferred Component”) for a 5 year-period for executive directors and members of the Senior Management, and 3 years for the remaining Identified Staff. 50% of the Annual Variable Remuneration, both the Upfront P ortion and the Deferred Component, shall be established in BBVA shares. As regards executive directors and Senior Management, 60% of the Deferred Component shall be established in shares. Shares received as Annual Variable Remuneration shall be withheld fo r a one-year period after delivery, except for the transfer of those shares required to honor the payment taxes. The Deferred Component of the Annual Variable Remuneration may be reduced in its entirety, but never increased, based on the result of multi-ye ar performance indicators aligned with the Group’s core risk management and control metrics related to the solvency, capital, liquidity, profitability or to the share performance and the recurring results of the Group. Resulting cash portions of the Deferr ed Component of Annual Variable Remuneration and subject to the multi-year performance indicators, finally delivered, shall be updated following the Consumer Price Index (CPI), measured as the year-on-year change prices, as agreed by the Board of Directors. The entire Annual Variable Remuneration shall be subject to malus and clawback arrangements during the whole deferral and withholding period, both linked to a downturn in the financial performance of the Bank as a whole, of a specific unit or area, or of exposure generated by an Identified Staff member, when such a downturn in finan cial performance arises from any of the circumstances expressly named in the remuneration policies. No personal hedging strategies or insurances shall be used in connection with remuneration or liability that may undermine the effects of alignment with sou nd risk management. The variable component of the remuneration for a financial year shall be limited to a maximum amount of 100% of the fixed component of the total remuneration, unless the General Meeting resolves to increase this percentage up to a maxim um of 200%. In this regard, the G eneral Meeting held on March, 13, 2020 resolved to increase this limit to a maximum level of 200% of the fixed component of the total remuneration for a given number of the Identified Staff members, in the terms indicated i n the report issued for this purpose by the Boar d of Directors dated February 10, 2020. According to the settlement and payment scheme indicated, during 2020, a total amount of 5,754,101 BBVA shares correspondin g to the Upfront Portion of 2019 Annual Varia ble Remuneration has been delivered to the Identified Staff. Additionally, according to the Remune ration Policy applicable in 2016, during 2020 a total amount of 4,220,900 BBVA shares corresponding to the Def erred Component of 2016 Variable Remuneration has been delivered to the Identifies Staff. This amount has been subject to a downward adjustment due to multi-year performance indicators evaluation. Likewise, the aforesaid policy established that the deferred amounts in shares of the Annual Variable Remuneration finally vested, subject to multi-year performance indicators, will be updated in cash, based on the terms established by the Board of Directors. In this regard, during 2020 a total amount of 3,085,476 euros has been deliver ed to the Identified Staff as updates of the corresponding shares o f the Deferred Component of 2016 Annual Variable Remuneration. Detailed information on the delivery of shares to executive directors and Senior Management is included in Note 54. Lastly, in line with specific regulation applicable in Portugal and Brazil, BBVA IFIC and BBVA Brazil Banco de Investimento have identified respectively the staff in these countries whose Annual Variable Remuneration should be subject to a specific settlement and pa yment scheme, more specifically: A percentage of the Annual Variable Remuneration is subject to a three years deferral that shall be paid yearly over the mentioned period. 50% of the Annual Variable Remuneration, both the Upfront Portion and Deferred Component, shall be established in BBVA Shares. In BBVA IFIC, resulting cash portions of the Deferred Component of Annual Variable Remuneration and subject to multi-year performance indicators, finally delivered, shall be updated following the Consumer Pri ce Index (CPI) measured as year-on-year price variation. In BBVA Brasil Banco de Investimento, both the cash amounts and share amounts of the Deferred Component may be subject to update adjustments in cash. According to this remuneration scheme, during fin ancial year 2020 a total of 18,879 BBVA shares correspondin g to the Upfront Portion of 2019 Annual Variable Remuneration have been delivered to this staff in Portugal and Brazil. Additionally, during 2020 there have been delivered to this staff in Portugal and Brazil a total of 5,083 BBVA shares corresponding to the first third o f the Deferred Component of 2018 Annual Variable Remuneration, as well as 1,323 euros as adjustments for updates. A total of 9,558 BBVA shares corresponding to the second third o f the Deferred Component of 2017 Annua l Variable Remuneration and 4,873 euros as adjustments for updates; and a total of 12,142 BBVA shares corresponding to the last third o f the Deferred Component of 2016 Annual Variable Remuneration and 8,873 euros as adjustments for updates. 44.2. Other administrative expense The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:
Personnel expense (Millions of Euros)
| Notes | 2020 | 2019 | 2018
Wages and salaries |  | 3.610 | 4.103 | 4.031
Social security costs |  | 671 | 725 | 670
Defined contribution plan expense | 25 | 72 | 95 | 72
Defined benefit plan expense | 25 | 49 | 49 | 58
Other personnel expense |  | 293 | 379 | 373
Total |  | 4.695 | 5.351 | 5.205

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