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Employee Benefit Plans (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Oct. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Restricted Stock Units | The following table contains information concerning activities related to restricted stock units:
| Restricted Stock Units |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (In Years) |  | Aggregate Fair Value
| (in thousands, except per share and life amounts)
Balance at October 31, 2017 | 3,843 |  |  | $ | 57.26 |  |  | 1.54 |  |
Granted(2) | 1,679 |  |  | $ | 89.35 |  |  |  |  |
Vested(1) | (1,495 | ) |  | $ | 52.55 |  |  |  |  | $ | 136,417 |
Forfeited | (258 | ) |  | $ | 67.04 |  |  |  |  |
Balance at October 31, 2018 | 3,769 |  |  | $ | 72.75 |  |  | 1.46 |  |
Granted | 1,844 |  |  | $ | 119.27 |  |  |  |  |
Vested(1) | (1,508 | ) |  | $ | 65.97 |  |  |  |  | $ | 176,659 |
Forfeited | (248 | ) |  | $ | 79.49 |  |  |  |  |
Balance at October 31, 2019 | 3,857 |  |  | $ | 97.21 |  |  | 1.56 |  |
Granted | 2,041 |  |  | $ | 168.15 |  |  |  |  |
Vested(1) | (1,480 | ) |  | $ | 88.70 |  |  |  |  | $ | 261,563 |
Forfeited | (288 | ) |  | $ | 104.67 |  |  |  |  |
Balance at October 31, 2020 | 4,130 |  |  | $ | 134.80 |  |  | 1.47 |  |
(1) | The number of vested restricted stock units includes shares that were withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements.
(2) The Company assumed unvested restricted stock units from acquisitions including Black Duck.
Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units Under all Equity Plans (Except 2005 Directors Plan) | The following table contains additional information concerning activities related to stock options and restricted stock units under all equity plans, other than shares available for grant under the 2017 Directors Plan:
| Available for Grant(3) |  | Options(2)
| Options Outstanding |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (In Years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
| (in thousands, except per share and life amounts)
Balance at October 31, 2017 | 12,583 |  |  | 6,530 |  |  | $ | 46.83 |  |  | 4.60 |  | $ | 263,555 |
Options granted | (1,134 | ) |  | 1,134 |  |  | $ | 89.52 |  |  |  |  |
Options assumed(2) |  |  | 141 |  |  | $ | 18.66 |  |  |  |  |
Options exercised |  |  | (1,336 | ) |  | $ | 38.18 |  |  |  |  |
Options canceled/forfeited/expired | 157 |  |  | (178 | ) |  | $ | 51.82 |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock units granted(1) | (2,541 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock units forfeited(1) | 374 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Additional shares reserved | 3,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at October 31, 2018 | 12,439 |  |  | 6,291 |  |  | $ | 55.63 |  |  | 4.39 |  | $ | 214,432 |
Options granted | (799 | ) |  | 799 |  |  | $ | 113.17 |  |  |  |  |
Options exercised |  |  | (1,615 | ) |  | $ | 44.29 |  |  |  |  |
Options canceled/forfeited/expired | 129 |  |  | (185 | ) |  | $ | 58.02 |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock units granted(1) | (3,134 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock units forfeited(1) | 373 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Additional shares reserved | 3,200 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at October 31, 2019 | 12,208 |  |  | 5,290 |  |  | $ | 65.57 |  |  | 4.08 |  | $ | 373,112 |
Options granted | (694 | ) |  | 700 |  |  | $ | 143.44 |  |  |  |  |
Options exercised |  |  | (1,891 | ) |  | $ | 51.76 |  |  |  |  |
Options canceled/forfeited/expired | 102 |  |  | (106 | ) |  | $ | 84.14 |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock units granted(1) | (3,469 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock units forfeited(1) | 482 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Additional shares reserved | 3,500 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at October 31, 2020 | 12,129 |  |  | 3,993 |  |  | $ | 85.26 |  |  | 4.10 |  | $ | 513,845 |
Exercisable at October 31, 2020 |  |  | 2,311 |  |  | $ | 65.36 |  |  | 3.23 |  | $ | 343,230 |
(1) | These amounts do not reflect the actual number of restricted stock units granted or forfeited but rather the effect on the total remaining shares available for future grants after the application of the share reserve ratio. For more information about the share reserve ratio, please see Restricted Stock Units above.
(2) | The Company assumed options outstanding under various plans through acquisitions.
(3) Excluding shares reserved for future issuance under the 2017 Directors Plan.
Pretax Intrinsic Value of Options Exercised and Their Average Exercise Prices | The pretax intrinsic value of options exercised and their average exercise prices were:
| Year Ended October 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (in thousands, except per share price)
Intrinsic value | $ | 218,640 |  |  | $ | 110,815 |  |  | $ | 71,840 |
Average exercise price per share | $ | 51.76 |  |  | $ | 44.29 |  |  | $ | 38.18 |
Summary of Restricted Stock Award Activities Under 2005 Directors Plan | Restricted stock award activities during fiscal 2020 under the 2005 Directors Plan and 2017 Directors Plan are summarized as follows:
| Restricted Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
| (in thousands, except per share)
Unvested at October 31, 2017 | 38 |  |  | $ | 59.89 |
Granted | 15 |  |  | $ | 82.96 |
Vested | (32 | ) |  | $ | 62.09 |
Forfeited | (1 | ) |  | $ | 48.27 |
Unvested at October 31, 2018 | 20 |  |  | $ | 73.95 |
Granted | 11 |  |  | $ | 116.43 |
Vested | (20 | ) |  | $ | 73.95 |
Forfeited | — |  |  | $ | — |
Unvested at October 31, 2019 | 11 |  |  | $ | 116.43 |
Granted | 9 |  |  | $ | 140.97 |
Vested | (11 | ) |  | $ | 116.43 |
Forfeited | — |  |  | $ | — |
Unvested at October 31, 2020 | 9 |  |  | $ | 140.97 |
Stock Option Plans and Stock Purchase Rights Granted Under ESPP | The assumptions presented in the following table were used to estimate the fair value of stock options and employee stock purchase rights granted under the Company’s stock plans or stock plans assumed from acquisitions:
| Year Ended October 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Stock Options |  |  |  |  |
Expected life (in years) | 4.1 |  | 4.1 |  | 4.1
Risk-free interest rate | 0.26% - 1.71% |  | 1.28% - 2.73% |  | 2.10% - 2.95%
Volatility | 23.05% - 32.80% |  | 23.16% - 24.76% |  | 20.22% - 21.04%
Weighted average estimated fair value | $33.02 |  | $22.86 |  | $23.55
ESPP |  |  |  |  |
Expected life (in years) | 0.5 - 2.0 |  | 0.5 - 2.0 |  | 0.5 - 2.0
Risk-free interest rate | 0.09% - 1.24% |  | 1.54% - 2.60% |  | 1.80% - 2.73%
Volatility | 25.59% - 43.06% |  | 23.73% - 27.86% |  | 19.99% - 21.54%
Weighted average estimated fair value | $47.69 |  | $35.18 |  | $23.34
Stock Compensation Expense | The compensation cost recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the Company's stock compensation arrangements was as follows:
| Year Ended October 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (in thousands)
Cost of products | $ | 27,193 |  |  | $ | 17,193 |  |  | $ | 14,648 |
Cost of maintenance and service | 9,327 |  |  | 6,385 |  |  | 5,467 |
Research and development expense | 125,814 |  |  | 75,853 |  |  | 67,355 |
Sales and marketing expense | 43,205 |  |  | 28,834 |  |  | 28,069 |
General and administrative expense | 43,045 |  |  | 26,736 |  |  | 24,493 |
Stock-based compensation expense before taxes | 248,584 |  |  | 155,001 |  |  | 140,032 |
Income tax benefit | (39,077 | ) |  | (26,226 | ) |  | (26,578 | )
Stock-based compensation expense after taxes | $ | 209,507 |  |  | $ | 128,775 |  |  | $ | 113,454 |
Deferred Plan Assets and Liabilities | Deferred plan assets and liabilities are as follows:
| As of October 31, 2020 |  | As of October 31, 2019
| (in thousands)
Plan assets recorded in other long-term assets | $ | 269,737 |  |  | $ | 249,822 |
Plan liabilities recorded in other long-term liabilities(1) | $ | 269,737 |  |  | $ | 249,822 |
(1) Undistributed deferred compensation balances due to participants.
Summary of Impact of Deferred Plan | The following table summarizes the impact of the Deferred Plan:
| Year Ended October 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (in thousands)
Increase (reduction) to cost of revenue and operating expense | $ | 21,469 |  |  | $ | 27,759 |  |  | $ | 4,636 |
Other income (expense), net | 21,469 |  |  | 27,759 |  |  | 4,636 |
Net increase (decrease) to net income | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

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