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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Effective Tax Rate
We estimate our annual effective tax rate at the end of each fiscal quarter. The effective tax rate takes into account our estimations of annual pre-tax income, the geographic mix of pre-tax income and interpretations of tax laws and possible outcomes of audits.
The following table presents the provision for income taxes and the effective tax rates:
 Three Months Ended 
 April 30,		Six Months Ended 
 April 30,
 2025202420252024
 (in thousands)
Income before income taxes$396,191 $341,530 $687,308 $798,984 
Provision (benefit) for income taxes$47,181 $45,437 $40,887 $68,346 
Effective tax rate11.9 %13.3 %5.9 %8.6 %

Our effective tax rate for the six months ended April 30, 2025, is lower than the statutory federal corporate tax rate of 21% primarily due to the capital loss on the sale of our ownership in OpenLight in the first quarter of 2025, U.S. federal research tax credits, foreign-derived intangible income deduction, excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation and U.S. foreign tax credits, partially offset by state taxes and the effect of non-deductible stock-based compensation.
Our effective tax rate decreased in the three and six months ended April 30, 2025, as compared to the same periods in fiscal 2024, primarily due to the capital loss on the sale of our ownership in OpenLight in the first quarter of 2025.
The timing of the resolution of income tax examinations, and the amounts and timing of various tax payments that are part of the settlement process, are highly uncertain. Variations in such amounts and/or timing could cause large fluctuations in the balance sheet classification of current and non-current assets and liabilities. We believe that in the coming 12 months, it is reasonably possible that either certain audits and ongoing tax litigation will conclude or the statute of limitations on certain state and foreign income and withholding taxes will expire, or both. Given the uncertainty as to ultimate settlement terms, the timing of payment and the impact of such settlements on other uncertain tax positions, the range of the estimated potential decrease in underlying unrecognized tax benefits is between $0 and $9.0 million.
Non-U.S. Examinations
We are under examination by the tax authorities in certain jurisdictions. No material assessments have been proposed in these examinations.
Legislative Developments
Effective in fiscal 2024, we are subject to the new 15% corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT) enacted as part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IR Act). We do not expect any impact of CAMT in fiscal 2025, due to our regular tax liability exceeding CAMT. The details of the computation will be subject to final regulations to be issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury. We will monitor regulatory developments and will continue to evaluate the impact, if any, of the CAMT.
The IR Act generally imposes a 1% excise tax on the fair market value of stock repurchases made by covered corporations after December 31, 2022. In general, the total taxable value of shares repurchased is reduced by the fair market value of any newly issued shares during the taxable year. As of fiscal 2025, this has not had any impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
On June 27, 2024, California enacted SB-167, which suspends the use of California net operating loss and limits the use of California research tax credits to $5 million for our fiscal 2025-2027. On June 29, 2024, California enacted SB-175, which provides a refund mechanism effective beginning in our fiscal 2025 for the incremental tax that was paid as a result of SB-167.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has a two-pillar solution to address tax challenges arising from digitalization of the economy. Included in this two-pillar solution is the Pillar Two Model Rules (Pillar Two) which define global minimum tax rules and include a 15% minimum tax rate. Various countries have started to enact new laws related to Pillar Two, including certain new laws effective beginning in fiscal 2025. As of April 30, 2025, we do not expect the impact of Pillar 2 to be material.