10-Q 1 pld-10q_20190331.htm 10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______________ to ______________

Commission File Number: 001-13545 (Prologis, Inc.) 001-14245 (Prologis, L.P.)

Prologis, Inc.

Prologis, L.P.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland (Prologis, Inc.) Delaware (Prologis, L.P.) |  | 94-3281941 (Prologis, Inc.) 94-3285362 (Prologis, L.P.)
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Pier 1, Bay 1, San Francisco, California |  | 94111
(Address or principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(415) 394-9000

(Registrants’ telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing for the past 90 days.

Prologis, Inc. | Yes | ☒ | No | ☐
Prologis, L.P. | Yes | ☒ | No | ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter periods that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Prologis, Inc. | Yes | ☒ | No | ☐
Prologis, L.P. | Yes | ☒ | No | ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Prologis, Inc.: |  |  |  |  |
Large accelerated filer ☒ |  | Accelerated filer ☐ | Non-accelerated filer ☐ | Smaller reporting company ☐ | Emerging growth company ☐

Prologis, L.P.: |  |  |  |  |
Large accelerated filer ☐ |  | Accelerated filer ☐ | Non-accelerated filer ☒ | Smaller reporting company ☐ | Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).

Prologis, Inc. | Yes | ☐ | No | ☒
Prologis, L.P. | Yes | ☐ | No | ☒

The number of shares of Prologis, Inc.’s common stock outstanding at April 18, 2019, was approximately 630,793,000.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This report combines the quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019, of Prologis, Inc. and Prologis, L.P. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “Prologis, Inc.” or the “Parent” mean Prologis, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries; and references to “Prologis, L.P.” or the “Operating Partnership” or the “OP” mean Prologis, L.P., and its consolidated subsidiaries. The terms “the Company,” “Prologis,” “we,” “our” or “us” means the Parent and the OP collectively.

The Parent is a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) and the general partner of the OP. At March 31, 2019, the Parent owned 96.99% common general partnership interest in the OP and 100% of the preferred units in the OP. The remaining 3.01% common limited partnership interests are owned by unaffiliated investors and certain current and former directors and officers of the Parent.

We operate the Parent and the OP as one enterprise. The management of the Parent consists of the same members as the management of the OP. These members are officers of the Parent and employees of the OP or one of its subsidiaries. As sole general partner, the Parent has control of the OP through complete responsibility and discretion in the day-to-day management and therefore, consolidates the OP for financial reporting purposes. Because the only significant asset of the Parent is its investment in the OP, the assets and liabilities of the Parent and the OP are the same on their respective financial statements.

We believe combining the quarterly reports on Form 10-Q of the Parent and the OP into this single report results in the following benefits:

• | enhances investors’ understanding of the Parent and the OP by enabling investors to view the business as a whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business;

• | eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined and readable presentation as a substantial portion of the Company’s disclosure applies to both the Parent and the OP; and

• | creates time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports.

It is important to understand the few differences between the Parent and the OP in the context of how we operate the Company. The Parent does not conduct business itself, other than acting as the sole general partner of the OP and issuing public equity from time to time. The OP holds substantially all the assets of the business, directly or indirectly. The OP conducts the operations of the business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity. Except for net proceeds from equity issuances by the Parent, which are contributed to the OP in exchange for partnership units, the OP generates capital required by the business through the OP’s operations, incurrence of indebtedness and issuance of partnership units to third parties.

The presentation of noncontrolling interests, stockholders’ equity and partners’ capital are the main areas of difference between the consolidated financial statements of the Parent and those of the OP. The differences in the presentations between stockholders’ equity and partners’ capital result from the differences in the equity and capital issuances in the Parent and in the OP.

The preferred stock, common stock, additional paid-in capital, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and distributions in excess of net earnings of the Parent are presented as stockholders’ equity in the Parent’s consolidated financial statements. These items represent the common and preferred general partnership interests held by the Parent in the OP and are presented as general partner’s capital within partners’ capital in the OP’s consolidated financial statements. The common limited partnership interests held by the limited partners in the OP are presented as noncontrolling interest within equity in the Parent’s consolidated financial statements and as limited partners’ capital within partners’ capital in the OP’s consolidated financial statements.

To highlight the differences between the Parent and the OP, separate sections in this report, as applicable, individually discuss the Parent and the OP, including separate financial statements and separate Exhibit 31 and 32 certifications. In the sections that combine disclosure of the Parent and the OP, this report refers to actions or holdings as being actions or holdings of Prologis.

PROLOGIS

INDEX

|  |  |  | Page Number |
PART I. |  | Financial Information |  |  |
|  | Item 1. | Financial Statements |  | 1 |
|  | Prologis, Inc.: |  |  |
|  |  | Consolidated Balance Sheets – March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 |  | 1 |
|  |  | Consolidated Statements of Income – Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 |  | 2 |
|  |  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 |  | 3 |
|  |  | Consolidated Statements of Equity – Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 |  | 4 |
|  |  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 |  | 5 |
|  | Prologis, L.P.: |  |  |
|  |  | Consolidated Balance Sheets – March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 |  | 6 |
|  |  | Consolidated Statements of Income – Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 |  | 7 |
|  |  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 |  | 8 |
|  |  | Consolidated Statements of Capital – Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 |  | 9 |
|  |  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 |  | 10 |
|  | Prologis, Inc. and Prologis, L.P.: |  |  |
|  |  | Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 11 |
|  |  | Note 1. General |  | 11 |
|  |  | Note 2. DCT Transaction |  | 12 |
|  |  | Note 3. Real Estate |  | 13 |
|  |  | Note 4. Unconsolidated Entities |  | 15 |
|  |  | Note 5. Assets Held for Sale or Contribution |  | 16 |
|  |  | Note 6. Debt |  | 17 |
|  |  | Note 7. Noncontrolling Interests |  | 19 |
|  |  | Note 8. Long-Term Compensation |  | 19 |
|  |  | Note 9. Earnings Per Common Share or Unit |  | 20 |
|  |  | Note 10. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements |  | 22 |
|  |  | Note 11. Business Segments |  | 25 |
|  |  | Note 12. Supplemental Cash Flow Information |  | 27 |
|  |  | Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |  | 28 |
|  | Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 30 |
|  | Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 47 |
|  | Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |  | 48 |
PART II. |  | Other Information |  |  |
|  | Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |  | 49 |
|  | Item 1A. | Risk Factors |  | 49 |
|  | Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 49 |
|  | Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 49 |
|  | Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 49 |
|  | Item 5. | Other Information |  | 49 |
|  | Item 6. | Exhibits |  | 49 |

PART I. FINAN CIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

PROLOGIS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except per share data)

| March 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, |
| (Unaudited) |  |  | 2018 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in real estate properties | $ | 34,395,698 |  |  | $ | 34,586,987 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  | 4,868,611 |  |  |  | 4,656,680 |
Net investments in real estate properties |  | 29,527,087 |  |  |  | 29,930,307 |
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated entities |  | 5,613,060 |  |  |  | 5,745,294 |
Assets held for sale or contribution |  | 899,976 |  |  |  | 622,288 |
Net investments in real estate |  | 36,040,123 |  |  |  | 36,297,889 |
Lease right-of-use assets |  | 383,704 |  |  |  | - |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 251,030 |  |  |  | 343,856 |
Other assets |  | 1,717,255 |  |  |  | 1,775,919 |
Total assets | $ | 38,392,112 |  |  | $ | 38,417,664 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt | $ | 10,706,139 |  |  | $ | 11,089,815 |
Lease liabilities |  | 392,341 |  |  |  | - |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | 695,761 |  |  |  | 760,515 |
Other liabilities |  | 773,810 |  |  |  | 766,446 |
Total liabilities |  | 12,568,051 |  |  |  | 12,616,776 |
Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prologis, Inc. stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Series Q preferred stock at stated liquidation preference of $50 per share; $0.01 par value; 1,379 shares issued and outstanding and 100,000 preferred shares authorized at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 |  | 68,948 |  |  |  | 68,948 |
Common stock; $0.01 par value; 630,743 shares and 629,616 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively |  | 6,307 |  |  |  | 6,296 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 25,654,449 |  |  |  | 25,685,987 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (1,029,206 | ) |  |  | (1,084,671 | )
Distributions in excess of net earnings |  | (2,366,015 | ) |  |  | (2,378,467 | )
Total Prologis, Inc. stockholders’ equity |  | 22,334,483 |  |  |  | 22,298,093 |
Noncontrolling interests |  | 3,489,578 |  |  |  | 3,502,795 |
Total equity |  | 25,824,061 |  |  |  | 25,800,888 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 38,392,112 |  |  | $ | 38,417,664 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

1

PROLOGIS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental |  | $ | 696,807 |  |  | $ | 555,943 |
Strategic capital |  |  | 73,805 |  |  |  | 132,961 |
Development management and other |  |  | 1,440 |  |  |  | 4,752 |
Total revenues |  |  | 772,052 |  |  |  | 693,656 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental |  |  | 188,068 |  |  |  | 142,941 |
Strategic capital |  |  | 38,058 |  |  |  | 43,860 |
General and administrative |  |  | 69,701 |  |  |  | 62,428 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 284,009 |  |  |  | 204,081 |
Other |  |  | 3,834 |  |  |  | 3,239 |
Total expenses |  |  | 583,670 |  |  |  | 456,549 |
Operating income before gains on real estate transactions, net |  |  | 188,382 |  |  |  | 237,107 |
Gains on real estate transactions, net |  |  | 188,208 |  |  |  | 195,111 |
Operating income |  |  | 376,590 |  |  |  | 432,218 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings from unconsolidated entities, net |  |  | 56,666 |  |  |  | 62,656 |
Interest expense |  |  | (60,507 | ) |  |  | (47,245 | )
Interest and other income, net |  |  | 7,910 |  |  |  | 1,976 |
Foreign currency and derivative gains (losses), net |  |  | 8,734 |  |  |  | (41,094 | )
Losses on early extinguishment of debt, net |  |  | (2,116 | ) |  |  | - |
Total other income (expense) |  |  | 10,687 |  |  |  | (23,707 | )
Earnings before income taxes |  |  | 387,277 |  |  |  | 408,511 |
Total income tax expense |  |  | 13,512 |  |  |  | 16,552 |
Consolidated net earnings |  |  | 373,765 |  |  |  | 391,959 |
Less net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 25,219 |  |  |  | 24,581 |
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests |  |  | 348,546 |  |  |  | 367,378 |
Less preferred stock dividends |  |  | 1,499 |  |  |  | 1,476 |
Net earnings attributable to common stockholders |  | $ | 347,047 |  |  | $ | 365,902 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – Basic |  |  | 629,676 |  |  |  | 532,185 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – Diluted |  |  | 654,359 |  |  |  | 554,123 |
Net earnings per share attributable to common stockholders – Basic |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.69 |
Net earnings per share attributable to common stockholders – Diluted |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

PROLOGIS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Consolidated net earnings |  | $ | 373,765 |  |  | $ | 391,959 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation gains, net |  |  | 60,080 |  |  |  | 4,770 |
Unrealized losses on derivative contracts, net |  |  | (2,633 | ) |  |  | (6,287 | )
Comprehensive income |  |  | 431,212 |  |  |  | 390,442 |
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (25,219 | ) |  |  | (24,581 | )
Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (1,982 | ) |  |  | (168 | )
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders |  | $ | 404,011 |  |  | $ | 365,693 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

PROLOGIS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  |  |  |  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Distributions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Number |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  | Other |  |  | in Excess of |  |  | Non- |  |  |  |  |
| Preferred |  |  | of |  |  | Par |  |  | Paid-in |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Net |  |  | controlling |  |  |  |  |
| Stock |  |  | Shares |  |  | Value |  |  | Capital |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Interests |  |  | Total |
Balance at January 1, 2019 | $ | 68,948 |  |  |  | 629,616 |  |  | $ | 6,296 |  |  | $ | 25,685,987 |  |  | $ | (1,084,671 | ) |  | $ | (2,378,467 | ) |  | $ | 3,502,795 |  |  | $ | 25,800,888 |
Consolidated net earnings |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 348,546 |  |  |  | 25,219 |  |  |  | 373,765 |
Effect of equity compensation plans |  | - |  |  |  | 764 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | (1,198 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 23,220 |  |  |  | 22,029 |
Capital contributions |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,538 |  |  |  | 6,538 |
Redemption of noncontrolling interests |  | - |  |  |  | 363 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 2,980 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (43,207 | ) |  |  | (40,223 | )
Contribution to Brazil venture |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (12,630 | ) |  |  | (12,630 | )
Foreign currency translation gains, net |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 58,019 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,061 |  |  |  | 60,080 |
Unrealized losses on derivative contracts, net |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,554 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (79 | ) |  |  | (2,633 | )
Reallocation of equity |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (33,304 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 33,304 |  |  |  | - |
Dividends ($0.53 per common share) and other |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (336,094 | ) |  |  | (47,643 | ) |  |  | (383,753 | )
Balance at March 31, 2019 | $ | 68,948 |  |  |  | 630,743 |  |  | $ | 6,307 |  |  | $ | 25,654,449 |  |  | $ | (1,029,206 | ) |  | $ | (2,366,015 | ) |  | $ | 3,489,578 |  |  | $ | 25,824,061 |

|  |  |  |  | Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Distributions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Number |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  | Other |  |  | in Excess of |  |  | Non- |  |  |  |  |
| Preferred |  |  | of |  |  | Par |  |  | Paid-in |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Net |  |  | controlling |  |  |  |  |
| Stock |  |  | Shares |  |  | Value |  |  | Capital |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Interests |  |  | Total |
Balance at January 1, 2018 | $ | 68,948 |  |  |  | 532,186 |  |  | $ | 5,322 |  |  | $ | 19,363,007 |  |  | $ | (901,658 | ) |  | $ | (2,904,461 | ) |  | $ | 3,074,583 |  |  | $ | 18,705,741 |
Consolidated net earnings |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 367,378 |  |  |  | 24,581 |  |  |  | 391,959 |
Effect of equity compensation plans |  | - |  |  |  | 921 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | (5,357 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 11,405 |  |  |  | 6,057 |
Capital contributions |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 850 |  |  |  | 850 |
Redemption of noncontrolling interests |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,131 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (14,645 | ) |  |  | (15,776 | )
Foreign currency translation gains, net |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4,420 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | 4,770 |
Unrealized losses on derivative contracts, net |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (6,105 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (182 | ) |  |  | (6,287 | )
Reallocation of equity |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (52,505 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 52,505 |  |  |  | - |
Dividends ($0.48 per common share) and other |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (105 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (257,687 | ) |  |  | (41,402 | ) |  |  | (299,194 | )
Balance at March 31, 2018 | $ | 68,948 |  |  |  | 533,107 |  |  | $ | 5,331 |  |  | $ | 19,303,909 |  |  | $ | (903,343 | ) |  | $ | (2,794,770 | ) |  | $ | 3,108,045 |  |  | $ | 18,788,120 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

PROLOGIS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated net earnings |  | $ | 373,765 |  |  | $ | 391,959 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Straight-lined rents and amortization of above and below market leases |  |  | (27,912 | ) |  |  | (15,060 | )
Equity-based compensation awards |  |  | 31,758 |  |  |  | 19,996 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 284,009 |  |  |  | 204,081 |
Earnings from unconsolidated entities, net |  |  | (56,666 | ) |  |  | (62,656 | )
Operating distributions from unconsolidated entities |  |  | 96,401 |  |  |  | 85,229 |
Decrease (increase) in operating receivables from unconsolidated entities |  |  | 49,488 |  |  |  | (67,223 | )
Amortization of debt discounts, net and debt issuance costs |  |  | 4,162 |  |  |  | 3,014 |
Gains on real estate transactions, net |  |  | (188,208 | ) |  |  | (195,111 | )
Unrealized foreign currency and derivative losses (gains), net |  |  | (7,158 | ) |  |  | 34,145 |
Losses on early extinguishment of debt, net |  |  | 2,116 |  |  |  | - |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | 793 |  |  |  | (2,064 | )
Increase in accounts receivable, lease right-of-use assets and other assets |  |  | (13,470 | ) |  |  | (2,705 | )
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses, lease liabilities and other liabilities |  |  | (54,164 | ) |  |  | (44,364 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 494,914 |  |  |  | 349,241 |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate development |  |  | (368,596 | ) |  |  | (365,837 | )
Real estate acquisitions |  |  | (274,528 | ) |  |  | (112,621 | )
Tenant improvements and lease commissions on previously leased space |  |  | (40,338 | ) |  |  | (28,027 | )
Property improvements |  |  | (13,612 | ) |  |  | (10,456 | )
Proceeds from dispositions and contributions of real estate properties |  |  | 595,496 |  |  |  | 579,429 |
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated entities |  |  | (75,559 | ) |  |  | (52,131 | )
Return of investment from unconsolidated entities |  |  | 355,539 |  |  |  | 111,211 |
Proceeds from repayment of notes receivable backed by real estate |  |  | - |  |  |  | 34,260 |
Proceeds from the settlement of net investment hedges |  |  | 9,761 |  |  |  | - |
Payments on the settlement of net investment hedges |  |  | (28,524 | ) |  |  | (3,966 | )
Net cash provided by investing activities |  |  | 159,639 |  |  |  | 151,862 |
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |  |  | 2,482 |  |  |  | 1,233 |
Dividends paid on common and preferred stock |  |  | (336,094 | ) |  |  | (257,687 | )
Noncontrolling interests contributions |  |  | 6,538 |  |  |  | 850 |
Noncontrolling interests distributions |  |  | (47,643 | ) |  |  | (41,402 | )
Settlement of noncontrolling interests |  |  | (40,223 | ) |  |  | (15,776 | )
Tax paid for shares withheld |  |  | (21,094 | ) |  |  | (26,479 | )
Debt issuance costs paid |  |  | (14,692 | ) |  |  | (1,002 | )
Net proceeds from (payments on) credit facilities |  |  | (24,565 | ) |  |  | 12,138 |
Repurchase of and payments on debt |  |  | (1,418,438 | ) |  |  | (696,011 | )
Proceeds from the issuance of debt |  |  | 1,145,095 |  |  |  | 528,167 |
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (748,634 | ) |  |  | (495,969 | )
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash |  |  | 1,255 |  |  |  | 5,919 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (92,826 | ) |  |  | 11,053 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |  |  | 343,856 |  |  |  | 447,046 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |  | $ | 251,030 |  |  | $ | 458,099 |

See Note 12 for information on noncash investing and financing activities and other information.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

PROLOGIS, L.P.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands)

| March 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, |
| (Unaudited) |  |  | 2018 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in real estate properties | $ | 34,395,698 |  |  | $ | 34,586,987 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  | 4,868,611 |  |  |  | 4,656,680 |
Net investments in real estate properties |  | 29,527,087 |  |  |  | 29,930,307 |
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated entities |  | 5,613,060 |  |  |  | 5,745,294 |
Assets held for sale or contribution |  | 899,976 |  |  |  | 622,288 |
Net investments in real estate |  | 36,040,123 |  |  |  | 36,297,889 |
Lease right-of-use assets |  | 383,704 |  |  |  | - |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 251,030 |  |  |  | 343,856 |
Other assets |  | 1,717,255 |  |  |  | 1,775,919 |
Total assets | $ | 38,392,112 |  |  | $ | 38,417,664 |
LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt | $ | 10,706,139 |  |  | $ | 11,089,815 |
Lease liabilities |  | 392,341 |  |  |  | - |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | 695,761 |  |  |  | 760,515 |
Other liabilities |  | 773,810 |  |  |  | 766,446 |
Total liabilities |  | 12,568,051 |  |  |  | 12,616,776 |
Capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Partners’ capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General partner – preferred |  | 68,948 |  |  |  | 68,948 |
General partner – common |  | 22,265,535 |  |  |  | 22,229,145 |
Limited partners – common |  | 395,726 |  |  |  | 371,281 |
Limited partners – Class A common |  | 294,331 |  |  |  | 295,045 |
Total partners’ capital |  | 23,024,540 |  |  |  | 22,964,419 |
Noncontrolling interests |  | 2,799,521 |  |  |  | 2,836,469 |
Total capital |  | 25,824,061 |  |  |  | 25,800,888 |
Total liabilities and capital | $ | 38,392,112 |  |  | $ | 38,417,664 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

PROLOGIS, L.P.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per unit amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental |  | $ | 696,807 |  |  | $ | 555,943 |
Strategic capital |  |  | 73,805 |  |  |  | 132,961 |
Development management and other |  |  | 1,440 |  |  |  | 4,752 |
Total revenues |  |  | 772,052 |  |  |  | 693,656 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental |  |  | 188,068 |  |  |  | 142,941 |
Strategic capital |  |  | 38,058 |  |  |  | 43,860 |
General and administrative |  |  | 69,701 |  |  |  | 62,428 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 284,009 |  |  |  | 204,081 |
Other |  |  | 3,834 |  |  |  | 3,239 |
Total expenses |  |  | 583,670 |  |  |  | 456,549 |
Operating income before gains on real estate transactions, net |  |  | 188,382 |  |  |  | 237,107 |
Gains on real estate transactions, net |  |  | 188,208 |  |  |  | 195,111 |
Operating income |  |  | 376,590 |  |  |  | 432,218 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings from unconsolidated entities, net |  |  | 56,666 |  |  |  | 62,656 |
Interest expense |  |  | (60,507 | ) |  |  | (47,245 | )
Interest and other income, net |  |  | 7,910 |  |  |  | 1,976 |
Foreign currency and derivative gains (losses), net |  |  | 8,734 |  |  |  | (41,094 | )
Losses on early extinguishment of debt, net |  |  | (2,116 | ) |  |  | - |
Total other income (expense) |  |  | 10,687 |  |  |  | (23,707 | )
Earnings before income taxes |  |  | 387,277 |  |  |  | 408,511 |
Total income tax expense |  |  | 13,512 |  |  |  | 16,552 |
Consolidated net earnings |  |  | 373,765 |  |  |  | 391,959 |
Less net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 14,645 |  |  |  | 14,058 |
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests |  |  | 359,120 |  |  |  | 377,901 |
Less preferred unit distributions |  |  | 1,499 |  |  |  | 1,476 |
Net earnings attributable to common unitholders |  | $ | 357,621 |  |  | $ | 376,425 |
Weighted average common units outstanding – Basic |  |  | 640,504 |  |  |  | 538,977 |
Weighted average common units outstanding – Diluted |  |  | 654,359 |  |  |  | 554,123 |
Net earnings per unit attributable to common unitholders – Basic |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.69 |
Net earnings per unit attributable to common unitholders – Diluted |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

7

PROLOGIS, L.P.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Consolidated net earnings |  | $ | 373,765 |  |  | $ | 391,959 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation gains, net |  |  | 60,080 |  |  |  | 4,770 |
Unrealized losses on derivative contracts, net |  |  | (2,633 | ) |  |  | (6,287 | )
Comprehensive income |  |  | 431,212 |  |  |  | 390,442 |
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (14,645 | ) |  |  | (14,058 | )
Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (263 | ) |  |  | (219 | )
Comprehensive income attributable to common unitholders |  | $ | 416,304 |  |  | $ | 376,165 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

8

PROLOGIS, L.P.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CAPITAL

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

| General Partner |  |  | Limited Partners |  |  | Non- |  |  |  |  |
| Preferred |  |  | Common |  |  | Common |  |  | Class A Common |  |  | controlling |  |  |  |  |
| Units |  |  | Amount |  |  | Units |  |  | Amount |  |  | Units |  |  | Amount |  |  | Units |  |  | Amount |  |  | Interests |  |  | Total |
Balance at January 1, 2019 |  | 1,379 |  |  | $ | 68,948 |  |  |  | 629,616 |  |  | $ | 22,229,145 |  |  |  | 10,516 |  |  | $ | 371,281 |  |  |  | 8,849 |  |  | $ | 295,045 |  |  | $ | 2,836,469 |  |  | $ | 25,800,888 |
Consolidated net earnings |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 348,546 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,968 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4,606 |  |  |  | 14,645 |  |  |  | 373,765 |
Effect of equity compensation plans |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 764 |  |  |  | (1,191 | ) |  |  | 1,355 |  |  |  | 23,220 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 22,029 |
Capital contributions |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,538 |  |  |  | 6,538 |
Redemption of noncontrolling interests |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (9,835 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (11,258 | ) |  |  | (21,093 | )
Redemption of limited partners units |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 363 |  |  |  | 12,819 |  |  |  | (661 | ) |  |  | (31,949 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (19,130 | )
Contribution to Brazil venture |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (12,630 | ) |  |  | (12,630 | )
Foreign currency translation gains, net |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 58,019 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,031 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 767 |  |  |  | 263 |  |  |  | 60,080 |
Unrealized losses on derivative contracts, net |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,554 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (45 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (34 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,633 | )
Reallocation of capital |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (33,304 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 33,634 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (330 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Distributions ($0.53 per common unit) and other |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (336,110 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (7,414 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5,723 | ) |  |  | (34,506 | ) |  |  | (383,753 | )
Balance at March 31, 2019 |  | 1,379 |  |  | $ | 68,948 |  |  |  | 630,743 |  |  | $ | 22,265,535 |  |  |  | 11,210 |  |  | $ | 395,726 |  |  |  | 8,849 |  |  | $ | 294,331 |  |  | $ | 2,799,521 |  |  | $ | 25,824,061 |

| General Partner |  |  | Limited Partners |  |  | Non- |  |  |  |  |
| Preferred |  |  | Common |  |  | Common |  |  | Class A Common |  |  | controlling |  |  |  |  |
| Units |  |  | Amount |  |  | Units |  |  | Amount |  |  | Units |  |  | Amount |  |  | Units |  |  | Amount |  |  | Interests |  |  | Total |
Balance at January 1, 2018 |  | 1,379 |  |  | $ | 68,948 |  |  |  | 532,186 |  |  | $ | 15,562,210 |  |  |  | 5,656 |  |  | $ | 165,401 |  |  |  | 8,894 |  |  | $ | 248,940 |  |  | $ | 2,660,242 |  |  | $ | 18,705,741 |
Consolidated net earnings |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 367,378 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4,670 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,853 |  |  |  | 14,058 |  |  |  | 391,959 |
Effect of equity compensation plans |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 921 |  |  |  | (5,348 | ) |  |  | 1,953 |  |  |  | 11,405 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,057 |
Capital contributions |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 850 |  |  |  | 850 |
Redemption of noncontrolling interests |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,131 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,389 | ) |  |  | (2,520 | )
Redemption of limited partners units |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (213 | ) |  |  | (13,256 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (13,256 | )
Foreign currency translation gains, net |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4,420 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | 219 |  |  |  | 4,770 |
Unrealized losses on derivative contracts, net |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (6,105 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (85 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (97 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (6,287 | )
Reallocation of capital |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (52,505 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 53,084 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (579 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Distributions ($0.48 per common unit) and other |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (257,792 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (4,705 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5,751 | ) |  |  | (30,946 | ) |  |  | (299,194 | )
Balance at March 31, 2018 |  | 1,379 |  |  | $ | 68,948 |  |  |  | 533,107 |  |  | $ | 15,611,127 |  |  |  | 7,396 |  |  | $ | 216,575 |  |  |  | 8,894 |  |  | $ | 248,436 |  |  | $ | 2,643,034 |  |  | $ | 18,788,120 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

9

PRO LOG IS, L.P.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated net earnings |  | $ | 373,765 |  |  | $ | 391,959 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Straight-lined rents and amortization of above and below market leases |  |  | (27,912 | ) |  |  | (15,060 | )
Equity-based compensation awards |  |  | 31,758 |  |  |  | 19,996 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 284,009 |  |  |  | 204,081 |
Earnings from unconsolidated entities, net |  |  | (56,666 | ) |  |  | (62,656 | )
Operating distributions from unconsolidated entities |  |  | 96,401 |  |  |  | 85,229 |
Decrease (increase) in operating receivables from unconsolidated entities |  |  | 49,488 |  |  |  | (67,223 | )
Amortization of debt discounts, net and debt issuance costs |  |  | 4,162 |  |  |  | 3,014 |
Gains on real estate transactions, net |  |  | (188,208 | ) |  |  | (195,111 | )
Unrealized foreign currency and derivative losses (gains), net |  |  | (7,158 | ) |  |  | 34,145 |
Losses on early extinguishment of debt, net |  |  | 2,116 |  |  |  | - |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | 793 |  |  |  | (2,064 | )
Increase in accounts receivable, lease right-of-use assets and other assets |  |  | (13,470 | ) |  |  | (2,705 | )
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses, lease liabilities and other liabilities |  |  | (54,164 | ) |  |  | (44,364 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 494,914 |  |  |  | 349,241 |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate development |  |  | (368,596 | ) |  |  | (365,837 | )
Real estate acquisitions |  |  | (274,528 | ) |  |  | (112,621 | )
Tenant improvements and lease commissions on previously leased space |  |  | (40,338 | ) |  |  | (28,027 | )
Property improvements |  |  | (13,612 | ) |  |  | (10,456 | )
Proceeds from dispositions and contributions of real estate properties |  |  | 595,496 |  |  |  | 579,429 |
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated entities |  |  | (75,559 | ) |  |  | (52,131 | )
Return of investment from unconsolidated entities |  |  | 355,539 |  |  |  | 111,211 |
Proceeds from repayment of notes receivable backed by real estate |  |  | - |  |  |  | 34,260 |
Proceeds from the settlement of net investment hedges |  |  | 9,761 |  |  |  | - |
Payments on the settlement of net investment hedges |  |  | (28,524 | ) |  |  | (3,966 | )
Net cash provided by investing activities |  |  | 159,639 |  |  |  | 151,862 |
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common partnership units in exchange for contributions from Prologis, Inc. |  |  | 2,482 |  |  |  | 1,233 |
Distributions paid on common and preferred units |  |  | (349,231 | ) |  |  | (268,143 | )
Noncontrolling interests contributions |  |  | 6,538 |  |  |  | 850 |
Noncontrolling interests distributions |  |  | (34,506 | ) |  |  | (30,946 | )
Settlement of noncontrolling interests |  |  | (21,093 | ) |  |  | (2,520 | )
Redemption of common limited partnership units |  |  | (19,130 | ) |  |  | (13,256 | )
Tax paid for shares of the Parent withheld |  |  | (21,094 | ) |  |  | (26,479 | )
Debt issuance costs paid |  |  | (14,692 | ) |  |  | (1,002 | )
Net proceeds from (payments on) credit facilities |  |  | (24,565 | ) |  |  | 12,138 |
Repurchase of and payments on debt |  |  | (1,418,438 | ) |  |  | (696,011 | )
Proceeds from the issuance of debt |  |  | 1,145,095 |  |  |  | 528,167 |
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (748,634 | ) |  |  | (495,969 | )
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate changes on cash |  |  | 1,255 |  |  |  | 5,919 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (92,826 | ) |  |  | 11,053 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |  |  | 343,856 |  |  |  | 447,046 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |  | $ | 251,030 |  |  | $ | 458,099 |

See Note 12 for information on noncash investing and financing activities and other information.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

10

PROLOGIS, INC. AND PROLOGIS, L.P.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1. GENERAL

Business. Prologis, Inc. (or the “Parent”) commenced operations as a fully integrated real estate company in 1997, elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), and believes the current organization and method of operation will enable it to maintain its status as a REIT. The Parent is the general partner of Prologis, L.P. (or the “Operating Partnership” or “OP”). Through the OP, we are engaged in the ownership, acquisition, development and management of logistics facilities with a focus on key markets in 19 countries on four continents. We invest in real estate through wholly owned subsidiaries and other entities through which we co-invest with partners and investors. We maintain a significant level of ownership in these co-investment ventures, which may be consolidated or unconsolidated based on our level of control of the entity. Our current business strategy consists of two operating business segments: Real Estate Operations and Strategic Capital. Our Real Estate Operations segment represents the ownership and development of logistics properties. Our Strategic Capital segment represents the management of unconsolidated co-investment ventures and other ventures. See Note 11 for further discussion of our business segments. Unless otherwise indicated, the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements apply to both the Parent and the OP. The terms “the Company,” “Prologis,” “we,” “our” or “us” means the Parent and OP collectively.

For each share of preferred or common stock the Parent issues, the OP issues a corresponding preferred or common partnership unit, as applicable, to the Parent in exchange for the contribution of the proceeds from the stock issuance. At March 31, 2019, the Parent owned a 96.99% common general partnership interest in the OP and 100% of the preferred units in the OP. The remaining 3.01% common limited partnership interests, which include 8.8 million Class A common limited partnership units (“Class A Units”) in the OP, are owned by unaffiliated investors and certain current and former directors and officers of the Parent. Each partner’s percentage interest in the OP is determined based on the number of OP units held, including the number of OP units into which Class A Units are convertible, compared to total OP units outstanding at each period end and is used as the basis for the allocation of net income or loss to each partner. At the end of each reporting period, a capital adjustment is made in the OP to reflect the appropriate ownership interest for each of the common unitholders. These adjustments are reflected in the line items Reallocation of Equity in the Consolidated Statements of Equity of the Parent and Reallocation of Capital in the Consolidated Statements of Capital of the OP.

As the sole general partner of the OP, the Parent has complete responsibility and discretion in the day-to-day management and control of the OP and we operate the Parent and the OP as one enterprise. The management of the Parent consists of the same members as the management of the OP. These members are officers of the Parent and employees of the OP or one of its subsidiaries. As general partner with control of the OP, the Parent is the primary beneficiary and therefore consolidates the OP. Because the Parent’s only significant asset is its investment in the OP, the assets and liabilities of the Parent and the OP are the same on their respective financial statements.

Basis of Presentation. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and are presented in our reporting currency, the U.S. dollar. References herein to the translation of activity for significant nonrecurring transactions are at the rate in effect at the date of the transaction. All material intercompany transactions with consolidated entities have been eliminated.

The accompanying unaudited interim financial information has been prepared according to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in our annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations. Our management believes that the disclosures presented in these financial statements are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. In our opinion, all adjustments and eliminations, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the financial position and results of operations for both the Parent and the OP for the reported periods have been included. The results of operations for such interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. The accompanying unaudited interim financial information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the SEC, and other public information.

Reclassifications. Upon adoption of the new lease standard, rental recoveries for 2018 have been reclassified to Rental Revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Income to conform to the 2019 financial statement presentation.

New Accounting Pronouncements.

New Accounting Standards Adopted

Leases. In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting standard update (“ASU”) that provided the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases. The guidance amended the existing accounting standards, including the requirement that lessees recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with terms greater than twelve months in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additional guidance and targeted improvements to the February 2016 ASU were made through the issuance of supplementary ASUs in July 2018, December 2018 and March 2019. We refer to all three ASUs collectively as the “new lease standard.”

11

We adopted the new lease standard on January 1, 2019 and applied it to leases that were in place on the effective date. Results for reporting periods beginning January 1, 2019 are presented under the new lease standard.

We elected the package of practical expedients and were not required to reassess the following upon adoption: (i) whether an expired or existing contract met the definition of a lease; (ii) the lease classification at January 1, 2019 for existing leases; and (iii) whether leasing costs previously capitalized as initial direct costs would continue to be amortized. This allowed us to continue to account for our existing ground and office space leases as operating leases, however, any new or renewed ground leases after January 1, 2019 may be classified as financing leases unless they meet certain conditions to be considered a lease involving land owned by a government unit or authority. Upon adoption, we did not have an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings due to the election of these practical expedients.

• | As a lessor. The new lease standard required that lessors expense, on an as-incurred basis, certain initial direct costs that are not incremental in negotiating a lease. Initial direct costs include the salaries and related costs for employees directly working on leasing activities. Prior to January 1, 2019, these costs were capitalizable and therefore the new lease standard resulted in certain of these costs being expensed as incurred. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we expensed $6.5 million in Rental Expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income and capitalized $5.4 million in Other Assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively, of internal costs related to our leasing activities. We will continue to amortize initial direct costs capitalized prior to January 1, 2019.

We adopted the practical expedient that allowed us to not separate expenses reimbursed by our customers (“rental recoveries”) from the associated rental revenue if certain criteria were met. We assessed these criteria and concluded that the timing and pattern of transfer for rental revenue and the associated rental recoveries are the same and as our leases qualify as operating leases, we accounted for and presented rental revenue and rental recoveries as a single component under Rental Revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019. As a result of our adoption of this practical expedient, we also presented $427.9 million of rental revenues and $128.0 million of rental recoveries as a single component in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to conform to the 2019 new presentation.

• | As a lessee. At January 1, 2019 we recognized Lease Right-of-Use (“ROU”) Assets and Lease Liabilities, principally for our ground and office space leases, in which we are the lessee, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

See Note 3 for further disclosure around our adoption of the new lease standard.

Derivatives and Hedging. In August 2017, the FASB issued an ASU that simplified the application of hedge accounting guidance in current GAAP and improved the reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its consolidated financial statements. Among the simplification updates, the ASU eliminated the requirement in current GAAP to separately recognize periodic hedge ineffectiveness. Mismatches between the changes in value of the hedged item and hedging instrument may still occur but they will no longer be separately reported. The ASU required the presentation of the earnings effect of the hedging instrument in the same income statement line item in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported. We adopted the ASU on January 1, 2019 on a modified retrospective basis and there was no adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings.

NOTE 2. DCT TRANSACTION

We acquired DCT Industrial Trust Inc. and DCT Industrial Operating Partnership LP (collectively “DCT”) on August 22, 2018 (“DCT Transaction”).

The DCT Transaction was completed for $8.5 billion through the issuance of equity based on the closing price of Prologis’ common stock on August 21, 2018 and the assumption of debt. In connection with the transaction, each issued and outstanding share or unit held by a DCT stockholder or unitholder was converted automatically into 1.02 shares of Prologis common stock or common units of Prologis, L.P., respectively, including shares and units under DCT’s equity incentive plan that became fully vested at closing.

Through the DCT Transaction, we acquired a portfolio of logistics real estate assets that consisted of 408 operating properties, aggregating 68.0 million square feet, 10 properties under development, aggregating 2.8 million square feet and 305 acres of land with build-out potential of 4.5 million square feet.

The aggregate equity consideration of approximately $6.6 billion is calculated below (in millions, except price per share):

Number of Prologis shares and units issued upon conversion of DCT shares and units at August 21, 2018 |  | 99.73 |
Multiplied by price of Prologis' common stock on August 21, 2018 | $ | 65.75 |
Fair value of Prologis shares and units issued | $ | 6,557 |

We accounted for the DCT Transaction as an asset acquisition and as a result the transaction costs of $50.0 million were capitalized to the basis of the acquired properties. Transaction costs include investment banker advisory fees, legal fees and other costs.

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Under acquisition accounting, the total purchase price was allocated to the DCT net ta ngible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their relative fair values as follows (in millions):

Net investments in real estate | $ | 8,362 |
Intangible assets, net of intangible liabilities |  | 292 |
Cash and other assets |  | 24 |
Debt |  | (1,863 | )
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities |  | (143 | )
Noncontrolling interests |  | (65 | )
Total purchase price, including transaction costs | $ | 6,607 |

NOTE 3. REAL ESTATE

Investments in real estate properties consisted of the following (dollars and square feet in thousands):

| Square Feet |  |  | Number of Buildings |  |  |  |
| March 31, |  |  | December 31, |  |  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |  |  | March 31, |  | December 31, |
| 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Operating properties: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Buildings and improvements |  | 351,159 |  |  |  | 354,762 |  |  |  | 1,869 |  |  |  | 1,858 |  |  | $ | 22,560,379 |  | $ | 22,587,267 |
Improved land |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,106,848 |  |  | 8,044,888 |
Development portfolio, including land costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prestabilized |  | 7,562 |  |  |  | 8,709 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 623,569 |  |  | 828,064 |
Properties under development |  | 25,899 |  |  |  | 27,715 |  |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | 1,316,068 |  |  | 1,314,737 |
Land (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,143,294 |  |  | 1,192,220 |
Other real estate investments (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 645,540 |  |  | 619,811 |
Total investments in real estate properties |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34,395,698 |  |  | 34,586,987 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,868,611 |  |  | 4,656,680 |
Net investments in real estate properties |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 29,527,087 |  | $ | 29,930,307 |

(1) | At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our land is comprised of 4,582 and 4,929 acres, respectively.

(2) | Included in other real estate investments were: (i) land parcels that are ground leased to third parties; (ii) non-logistics real estate; (iii) our corporate headquarters; (iv) earnest money deposits associated with potential acquisitions; (v) costs related to future development projects, including purchase options on land; and (vi) infrastructure costs related to projects we are developing on behalf of others.

Acquisitions

The following table summarizes our real estate acquisition activity (dollars and square feet in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Number of operating properties (1) |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | - |
Square feet (1) |  |  | 967 |  |  |  | - |
Acquisition value of net investments in real estate properties (2) |  | $ | 312,252 |  |  | $ | 134,941 |

(1) | During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we did not acquire operating properties.

(2) | Value includes the acquisition of 188 and 379 acres of land during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Dispositions

The following table summarizes our gains on real estate transactions, net (dollars and square feet in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Contributions to unconsolidated entities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of properties |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 8 |
Square feet |  |  | 8,149 |  |  |  | 3,078 |
Net proceeds (1) (2) |  | $ | 744,165 |  |  | $ | 539,822 |
Gains on contributions, net (1) (2) |  | $ | 37,138 |  |  | $ | 167,726 |
Dispositions to third parties |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of properties |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 11 |
Square feet |  |  | 670 |  |  |  | 1,303 |
Net proceeds (1) |  | $ | 52,024 |  |  | $ | 87,981 |
Gains on dispositions, net (1) |  | $ | 16,048 |  |  | $ | 27,385 |
Total gains on contributions and dispositions, net |  | $ | 53,186 |  |  | $ | 195,111 |
Gain on partial redemption of investment in a co-investment venture (3) |  |  | 135,022 |  |  |  | - |
Total gains on real estate transactions, net |  | $ | 188,208 |  |  | $ | 195,111 |

(1) | Includes the contribution and disposition of land parcels.

(2) | In January 2019, we formed Prologis Brazil Logistics Venture (“PBLV”), a Brazilian unconsolidated co-investment venture, with one partner. We contributed an initial portfolio of real estate properties to PBLV consisting of 14 operating properties totaling 6.9 million square feet and 371 acres of land. We received cash proceeds and units for our 20% equity interest.

(3) | See Note 4 for more information on this transaction.

Leases

As a Lessor

We lease our operating properties to customers under agreements that are classified as operating leases. We recognize the total minimum lease payments provided for under the leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Generally, under the terms of our leases, the majority of our rental expenses, including common area maintenance, real estate taxes and insurance, are recovered from our customers. We record amounts reimbursed by customers in the period that the applicable expenses are incurred, which is generally ratably throughout the term of the lease. The reimbursements are recognized in Rental Revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Income as we are the primary obligor with respect to purchasing and selecting goods and services from third-party vendors and bearing the associated credit risk.

The following table summarizes the minimum lease payments due from our customers on leases with lease periods greater than one year for space in our operating properties, prestabilized development properties and leases of land subject to ground leases at March 31, 2019 (in thousands):

2019 |  | $ | 1,518,699 |
2020 |  |  | 1,950,122 |
2021 |  |  | 1,679,801 |
2022 |  |  | 1,360,816 |
2023 |  |  | 1,076,401 |
Thereafter |  |  | 3,550,169 |
Total |  | $ | 11,136,008 |

These amounts do not reflect future rental revenues from the renewal or replacement of existing leases and exclude reimbursements of operating expenses and rental increases that are not fixed.

As a Lessee

We have 124 ground and office space leases, which qualify as operating leases, with remaining lease terms of 1 to 89 years.

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The following table summarizes the fixed, future minimum rental payments, excluding variable costs, which are discounted by our incremental borrowing rate s to calculate the lease liabilities for our operating leases in which we are the lessee (in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
2019 |  | $ | 32,091 |  |  | $ | 38,769 |
2020 |  |  | 42,062 |  |  |  | 38,267 |
2021 |  |  | 38,032 |  |  |  | 34,307 |
2022 |  |  | 36,057 |  |  |  | 32,312 |
2023 |  |  | 31,029 |  |  |  | 30,180 |
Thereafter |  |  | 681,381 |  |  |  | 670,147 |
Total undiscounted rental payments |  |  | 860,652 |  |  | $ | 843,982 |
Less imputed interest |  |  | 468,311 |  |  |  |  |
Total lease liabilities |  | $ | 392,341 |  |  |  |  |

The weighted average remaining lease term for our operating leases was 32 and 28 years at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. We do not include renewal options in the lease term for calculating the lease liability unless we are reasonably certain we will exercise the option or the lessor has the sole ability to exercise the option. The weighted average incremental borrowing rate was 4.1% at March 31, 2019. We assigned a collateralized interest rate to each lease based on the term of the lease and the currency in which the lease is denominated.

NOTE 4. UNCONSOLIDATED ENTITIES

Summary of Investments

We have investments in entities through a variety of ventures. We co-invest in entities that own multiple properties with partners and investors and we provide asset and property management services to these entities, which we refer to as co-investment ventures. These entities may be consolidated or unconsolidated, depending on the structure, our partner’s participation and other rights and our level of control of the entity. This note details our investments in unconsolidated co-investment ventures that are related parties, which are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. See Note 7 for more detail regarding our consolidated investments that are not wholly owned.

We also have other ventures, generally with one partner and that we do not manage, which we account for using the equity method. We refer to our investments in all entities accounted for using the equity method, both unconsolidated co-investment ventures and other ventures, collectively, as unconsolidated entities.

The following table summarizes our investments in and advances to our unconsolidated entities (in thousands):

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Unconsolidated co-investment ventures |  | $ | 5,272,073 |  |  | $ | 5,407,838 |
Other ventures |  |  | 340,987 |  |  |  | 337,456 |
Total |  | $ | 5,613,060 |  |  | $ | 5,745,294 |

Unconsolidated Co-Investment Ventures

The following table summarizes the Strategic Capital Revenues we recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income related to our unconsolidated co-investment ventures (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Recurring fees |  | $ | 62,117 |  |  | $ | 54,644 |
Transactional fees |  |  | 11,348 |  |  |  | 15,624 |
Promote revenues |  |  | - |  |  |  | 62,544 |
Total strategic capital revenues from unconsolidated co-investment ventures (1) |  | $ | 73,465 |  |  | $ | 132,812 |

(1) | These amounts exclude strategic capital revenues from other ventures.

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The following table summarizes the key property information, financial position and operating information of our unconsolidated co-investment ventures (not our proportionate share) and the amounts we recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements rel ated to our unconsolidated co-investment ventures (dollars and square feet in millions):

| U.S. |  |  | Other Americas |  |  | Europe |  |  | Asia |  |  | Total |
As of: | Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Dec 31, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 (1) |  |  | Dec 31, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Dec 31, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Dec 31, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Dec 31, 2018 |
Key property information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ventures |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 8 |
Operating properties |  | 566 |  |  |  | 566 |  |  |  | 215 |  |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 679 |  |  |  | 669 |  |  |  | 131 |  |  |  | 125 |  |  |  | 1,591 |  |  |  | 1,569 |
Square feet |  | 91 |  |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 161 |  |  |  | 159 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | 340 |
Financial position: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unconsolidated co-investment ventures: |
Total assets ($) |  | 7,376 |  |  |  | 7,303 |  |  |  | 2,791 |  |  |  | 2,137 |  |  |  | 13,615 |  |  |  | 13,028 |  |  |  | 7,119 |  |  |  | 7,089 |  |  |  | 30,901 |  |  |  | 29,557 |
Third-party debt ($) |  | 2,090 |  |  |  | 2,094 |  |  |  | 775 |  |  |  | 838 |  |  |  | 2,993 |  |  |  | 2,548 |  |  |  | 2,835 |  |  |  | 2,668 |  |  |  | 8,693 |  |  |  | 8,148 |
Total liabilities ($) |  | 2,411 |  |  |  | 2,350 |  |  |  | 816 |  |  |  | 862 |  |  |  | 4,226 |  |  |  | 3,615 |  |  |  | 3,174 |  |  |  | 3,006 |  |  |  | 10,627 |  |  |  | 9,833 |
Our investment balance ($) (2) |  | 1,441 |  |  |  | 1,457 |  |  |  | 669 |  |  |  | 554 |  |  |  | 2,574 |  |  |  | 2,784 |  |  |  | 588 |  |  |  | 613 |  |  |  | 5,272 |  |  |  | 5,408 |
Our weighted average ownership (3) (4) |  | 27.2 | % |  |  | 27.4 | % |  |  | 38.5 | % |  |  | 44.4 | % |  |  | 30.6 | % |  |  | 33.2 | % |  |  | 15.1 | % |  |  | 15.1 | % |  |  | 27.0 | % |  |  | 28.3 | %
| U.S. |  |  | Other Americas |  |  | Europe |  |  | Asia |  |  | Total |
Operating Information: | Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Mar 31, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Mar 31, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Mar 31, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Mar 31, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Mar 31, 2018 |
For the three months ended: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unconsolidated co-investment ventures: |
Total revenues ($) |  | 179 |  |  |  | 168 |  |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 271 |  |  |  | 288 |  |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 637 |  |  |  | 617 |
Net earnings ($) |  | 29 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | 162 |
Our earnings from unconsolidated co-investment ventures, net ($) |  | 9 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 55 |

(1) | PBLV and our other Brazilian joint ventures are combined and accounted for as one venture for the purpose of this table.

(2) | Prologis’ investment balance is presented at our adjusted basis derived from the ventures’ U.S. GAAP information. The difference between our ownership interest of a venture’s equity and our investment balance at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, results principally from four types of transactions: (i) deferred gains from the contribution of property to a venture prior to January 1, 2018 ($627.4 million and $635.9 million, respectively); (ii) recording additional costs associated with our investment in the venture ($88.4 million and $94.4 million, respectively); (iii) receivables, principally for fees and promotes ($100.9 million and $166.7 million, respectively); and (iv) customer security deposits retained subsequent to property contributions to Nippon Prologis REIT, Inc. ($122.0 million for both periods).

(3) | Represents our weighted average ownership interest in all unconsolidated co-investment ventures based on each entity’s contribution of total assets, before depreciation, net of other liabilities.

(4) | In February 2019, we redeemed a portion of our investment in Prologis European Logistics Fund (“PELF”) for €278.2 million ($313.3 million). At March 31, 2019 our ownership in PELF was 24.3%.

Equity Commitments Related to Certain Unconsolidated Co-Investment Ventures

At March 31, 2019, our remaining equity commitments were $283.2 million, principally for Prologis China Logistics Venture and PBLV. The equity commitments expire from 2020 to 2026.

NOTE 5. ASSETS HELD FOR SALE OR CONTRIBUTION

We have investments in certain real estate properties that met the criteria to be classified as held for sale or contribution at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. At the time of classification, these properties were expected to be sold to third parties or were recently developed and expected to be contributed to unconsolidated co-investment ventures within twelve months. The amounts included in Assets Held for Sale or Contribution represented real estate investment balances and the related assets and liabilities for each property.

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Assets held for sale or contribution consisted of the following (dollars and square feet in thousands):

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Number of operating properties |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 57 |
Square feet |  |  | 9,648 |  |  |  | 8,236 |
Total assets held for sale or contribution |  | $ | 899,976 |  |  | $ | 622,288 |
Total liabilities associated with assets held for sale or contribution – included in Other Liabilities |  | $ | 11,069 |  |  | $ | 12,972 |

NOTE 6. DEBT

All debt is incurred by the OP or its consolidated subsidiaries. The following table summarizes our debt (dollars in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
|  | Weighted Average Interest Rate (1) |  |  | Amount Outstanding (2) |  |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate (1) |  |  | Amount Outstanding (2) |
Credit facilities |  |  | 1.5 | % |  | $ | 26,180 |  |  |  | 3.4 | % |  | $ | 50,500 |
Senior notes |  |  | 2.7 | % |  |  | 8,314,678 |  |  |  | 2.7 | % |  |  | 8,304,147 |
Term loans and unsecured other |  |  | 0.9 | % |  |  | 1,411,343 |  |  |  | 1.8 | % |  |  | 1,921,428 |
Secured mortgage |  |  | 4.3 | % |  |  | 953,938 |  |  |  | 5.1 | % |  |  | 813,740 |
Total |  |  | 2.6 | % |  | $ | 10,706,139 |  |  |  | 2.7 | % |  | $ | 11,089,815 |

(1) | The interest rates presented represent the effective interest rates (including amortization of debt issuance costs and the noncash premiums or discounts) at the end of the period for the debt outstanding and include the impact of undesignated and designated interest rate swaps, which effectively fix the interest rate on our variable rate debt.

(2) | We borrow in the functional currencies of the countries where we invest. Included in the outstanding balances were borrowings denominated in the following currencies:

|  |  | March 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
|  |  | Amount Outstanding |  |  | % of Total |  |  | Amount Outstanding |  |  | % of Total |
| British pound sterling |  | $ | 676,732 |  |  |  | 6.3 | % |  | $ | 635,972 |  |  |  | 5.8 | %
| Canadian dollar |  |  | 271,975 |  |  |  | 2.5 | % |  |  | 266,337 |  |  |  | 2.4 | %
| Euro |  |  | 4,803,307 |  |  |  | 44.9 | % |  |  | 4,893,693 |  |  |  | 44.1 | %
| Japanese yen |  |  | 2,182,119 |  |  |  | 20.4 | % |  |  | 1,951,844 |  |  |  | 17.6 | %
| U.S. dollar |  |  | 2,772,006 |  |  |  | 25.9 | % |  |  | 3,341,969 |  |  |  | 30.1 | %
| Total |  | $ | 10,706,139 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,089,815 |  |  |  |  |

Credit Facilities

In January 2019, we recast our global senior credit facility (the “Global Facility”), under which we may draw in British pounds sterling, Canadian dollars, euro, Japanese yen, Mexican pesos and U.S. dollars on a revolving basis up to $3.5 billion (subject to currency fluctuations). Pricing under the Global Facility, including the spread over LIBOR, facility fees and letter of credit fees, varies based on the public debt ratings of the OP. The Global Facility is scheduled to mature in January 2023; however, we may extend the maturity date for six months on two occasions, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions and payment of extension fees. We have the ability to increase the Global Facility to $4.5 billion, subject to currency fluctuations and obtaining additional lender commitments.

We also have a Japanese yen revolver (the “Revolver”) with availability of ¥50.0 billion ($451.4 million at March 31, 2019). We have the ability to increase the Revolver to ¥65.0 billion ($586.8 million at March 31, 2019), subject to obtaining additional lender commitments. Pricing under the Revolver, including the spread over LIBOR, facility fees and letter of credit fees, varies based on the public debt ratings of the OP. The Revolver is scheduled to mature in February 2021; however, we may extend the maturity date for one year, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions and payment of extension fees.

We refer to the Global Facility and the Revolver, collectively, as our “Credit Facilities.”

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The following table summarizes information about our Credit Facilities at March 3 1, 2019 (in millions):

Aggregate lender commitments |  | $ | 3,932 |
Less: |  |  |  |
Borrowings outstanding |  |  | 26 |
Outstanding letters of credit |  |  | 31 |
Current availability |  | $ | 3,875 |

Senior Notes

In March 2019, we completed a private placement for ¥10.0 billion ($90.5 million) of senior notes with a stated interest rate of 1.2%, maturing in March 2039.

Term Loans

In January 2019, we entered into two unsecured Japanese yen term loans for a total of ¥15.0 billion ($137.1 million) that bear interest of Yen LIBOR plus 0.5% to 0.6% and are scheduled to mature in January 2028 and 2030.

In March 2019, we entered into an unsecured Japanese yen term loan agreement (the “2019 Yen Term Loan”) under which we can draw Japanese yen in an aggregate amount not to exceed ¥85.0 billion ($767.4 million at March 31, 2019). The 2019 Yen Term Loan currently bears interest at Yen LIBOR plus 0.4% and is scheduled to mature in March 2026. We have the ability to increase the 2019 Yen Term Loan to ¥120.0 billion ($1.1 billion at March 31, 2019), subject to obtaining additional lender commitments. Pricing under the 2019 Yen Term Loan, including the spread over LIBOR, facility fees and letter of credit fees, varies based on the public debt ratings of the OP.

We repaid the outstanding balance of ¥100.0 billion ($897.4 million) on our 2016 Japanese yen term loan (“2016 Yen Term Loan”), primarily with the proceeds from the 2019 Yen Term Loan during the first quarter of 2019. The 2016 Yen Term Loan bore a floating rate of Yen LIBOR plus 0.7% and was scheduled to mature in August 2022 and August 2023.

We paid down $500.0 million during both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, on our multi-currency term loan.

Long-Term Debt Maturities

Principal payments due on our debt for the remainder of 2019 and for each year through the period ended December 31, 2023, and thereafter were as follows at March 31, 2019 (in thousands):

|  | Unsecured |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Credit |  |  | Senior |  |  | Term Loans |  |  | Secured |  |  |  |  |
Maturity |  | Facilities |  |  | Notes |  |  | and Other |  |  | Mortgage |  |  | Total |
2019 (1) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 593 |  |  | $ | 252,100 |  |  | $ | 252,693 |
2020 (1) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,123,500 |  |  |  | 621 |  |  |  | 25,101 |  |  |  | 1,149,222 |
2021 |  |  | - |  |  |  | 786,450 |  |  |  | 677 |  |  |  | 229,913 |  |  |  | 1,017,040 |
2022 |  |  | - |  |  |  | 786,450 |  |  |  | 741 |  |  |  | 12,161 |  |  |  | 799,352 |
2023 (2) |  |  | 26,180 |  |  |  | 850,000 |  |  |  | 128,519 |  |  |  | 39,307 |  |  |  | 1,044,006 |
Thereafter |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4,826,846 |  |  |  | 1,290,138 |  |  |  | 397,983 |  |  |  | 6,514,967 |
Subtotal |  |  | 26,180 |  |  |  | 8,373,246 |  |  |  | 1,421,289 |  |  |  | 956,565 |  |  |  | 10,777,280 |
Premiums (discounts), net |  |  | - |  |  |  | (24,944) |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 831 |  |  |  | (24,113) |
Debt issuance costs, net |  |  | - |  |  |  | (33,624) |  |  |  | (9,946) |  |  |  | (3,458) |  |  |  | (47,028) |
Total |  | $ | 26,180 |  |  | $ | 8,314,678 |  |  | $ | 1,411,343 |  |  | $ | 953,938 |  |  | $ | 10,706,139 |

(1) | We expect to repay the amounts maturing in the next twelve months with cash generated from operations, proceeds from dispositions of real estate properties, or as necessary, with borrowings on our Credit Facilities.

(2) | Included in the 2023 maturities was the Global Facility that can be extended until 2024.

Financial Debt Covenants

We have $8.3 billion of senior notes and $1.4 billion of term loans outstanding at March 31, 2019 that were subject to certain financial covenants under their related indentures. We are also subject to financial covenants under our Credit Facilities and certain secured mortgage debt. At March 31, 2019, we were in compliance with all of our financial debt covenants.

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Guarantee of Finance Subsidiary Debt

In 2018, we formed finance subsidiaries as part of our operations in Europe (Prologis Euro Finance LLC), Japan (Prologis Yen Finance LLC) and the United Kingdom (Prologis Sterling Finance LLC).

These entities are 100% indirectly owned by the OP and all unsecured debt issued or to be issued by each entity is or will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the OP. There are no restrictions or limits on the OP’s ability to obtain funds from its subsidiaries by dividend or loan. In reliance on Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X, the separate financial statements of Prologis Euro Finance LLC, Prologis Yen Finance LLC and Prologis Sterling Finance LLC are not provided.

NOTE 7. NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

Prologis, L.P.

We report noncontrolling interests related to several entities we consolidate but of which we do not own 100% of the equity. These entities include two real estate partnerships that have issued limited partnership units to third parties. Depending on the specific partnership agreements, these limited partnership units are redeemable for cash or, at our option, into shares of the Parent’s common stock, generally at a rate of one share of common stock to one unit. We also consolidate certain entities in which we do not own 100% of the equity but the equity of these entities is not exchangeable into our common stock.

Prologis, Inc.

The noncontrolling interests of the Parent include the noncontrolling interests presented above for the OP, as well as the limited partnership units in the OP that are not owned by the Parent.

The following table summarizes our ownership percentages and noncontrolling interests and the consolidated entities’ total assets and total liabilities (dollars in thousands):

| Our Ownership Percentage |  |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | Total Assets |  |  | Total Liabilities |
| Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Dec 31, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Dec 31, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Dec 31, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Dec 31, 2018 |
Prologis U.S. Logistics Venture |  | 55.0 | % |  |  | 55.0 | % |  | $ | 2,683,803 |  |  | $ | 2,697,095 |  |  | $ | 6,051,593 |  |  | $ | 6,072,087 |  |  | $ | 98,814 |  |  | $ | 92,782 |
Other consolidated entities (1) | various |  |  | various |  |  |  | 115,718 |  |  |  | 139,374 |  |  |  | 1,036,813 |  |  |  | 1,045,202 |  |  |  | 88,283 |  |  |  | 53,145 |
Prologis, L.P. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,799,521 |  |  |  | 2,836,469 |  |  |  | 7,088,406 |  |  |  | 7,117,289 |  |  |  | 187,097 |  |  |  | 145,927 |
Limited partners in Prologis, L.P. (2) (3) |  |  |  | 690,057 |  |  |  | 666,326 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Prologis, Inc. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,489,578 |  |  | $ | 3,502,795 |  |  | $ | 7,088,406 |  |  | $ | 7,117,289 |  |  | $ | 187,097 |  |  | $ | 145,927 |

(1) | Includes our two partnerships that have issued limited partnership units to third parties, as discussed above, along with various other consolidated entities. The limited partnership units outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were exchangeable into cash or, at our option, 0.4 million and 0.7 million shares of the Parent’s common stock, respectively.

(2) | We had 8.8 million Class A Units that were convertible into 8.4 million limited partnership units of the OP at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

(3) | At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, excluding the Class A Units, there were limited partnership units in the OP that were exchangeable into cash or, at our option, 6.8 million and 7.2 million shares of the Parent’s common stock, respectively. Also included are the vested OP Long-Term Incentive Plan Units (“LTIP Units”) associated with our long-term compensation plan. See further discussion of LTIP Units in Note 8.

NOTE 8. LONG-TERM COMPENSATION

Equity-Based Compensation Plans and Programs

Prologis Outperformance Plan (“POP”)

We allocate participation points to participants under our POP corresponding to three-year performance periods beginning January 1. The fair value of the awards is measured at the grant date and amortized over the period from the grant date to the date at which the awards vest, which ranges from three to ten years. The performance hurdle (“Outperformance Hurdle”) at the end of the initial three-year performance period requires our three-year compound annualized total stockholder return (“TSR”) to exceed a threshold set at the three-year compound annualized TSR for the Morgan Stanley Capital International (“MSCI”) US REIT Index for the same period plus 100 basis points. If the Outperformance Hurdle is met, a compensation pool will be formed equal to 3% of the excess value created, subject to a maximum as defined for each performance period. POP awards cannot be paid at a time when our absolute TSR is negative. If after seven years our absolute TSR has not been positive, the awards will be forfeited.

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We granted participation points for the 2019 – 2021 performance period in January 2019, with a fair value of $21.2 million using a Monte Carlo valuation model that assumed a risk-free interest rate of 2.6% and an expected volatility of 20.0%. The 2019 – 2021 performance period has an absolute maximum cap of $100 million. If an award is earned at the end of the initial three-year performance period, then 20% of the POP award is paid and the remaining 80% is subject to additional seven-year cliff vesting. The 20% that is paid at the end of the three-year performance period is subject to an additional three-year holding requirement.

The Outperformance Hurdle was met for the 2016 – 2018 performance period, which resulted in awards being earned at December 31, 2018. Initial awards of $75.0 million in aggregate were awarded in January 2019 in the form of 0.4 million shares of common stock and 0.8 million POP LTIP Units and LTIP Units. Participants are not able to sell or transfer equity awards received until three years after the end of the initial period. One-third of the remaining compensation pool in excess of the $75.0 million aggregate initial award amounts can be earned at the end of each of the three years following the end of the initial three-year performance period if our performance meets or exceeds the MSCI US REIT Index. Vesting for the 2016 – 2018 performance period for our Named Executive Officers (“NEOs”) follows the construct of the 2019 – 2021 performance period as described above, such that 20% of any amounts earned were awarded subject to a three-year holding period, and 80% of any amounts earned will cliff vest at the end of the seventh year following the initial three-year performance period. At March 31, 2019 there were 0.4 million unvested POP LTIP Units associated with the POP.

Other Equity-Based Compensation Plans and Programs

Our other equity-based compensation plans and programs include (i) the Prologis Promote Plan (“PPP”); (ii) the annual long-term incentive (“LTI”) equity award program (“Annual LTI Award”); and (iii) the annual bonus exchange program. Awards under these plans and programs may be issued in the form of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) or LTIP Units at the participant’s election. RSUs and LTIP Units are valued based on the market price of the Parent’s common stock on the date the award is granted and the grant date value is charged to compensation expense over the service period, which beginning in February 2018 was lengthened from three to four years for PPP and Annual LTI Awards and three years for bonus exchange awards offering a premium upon exchange. As our NEOs do not receive a bonus exchange premium for participating in the bonus exchange program, the equity they receive upon exchange for their cash bonuses does not have a vesting period.

Summary of Award Activity

RSUs

The following table summarizes the activity for RSUs for the three months ended March 31, 2019 (units in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  | Weighted Average |
|  | Unvested RSUs |  |  | Grant Date Fair Value |
Balance at January 1, 2019 |  |  | 1,255 |  |  | $ | 54.48 |
Granted |  |  | 503 |  |  |  | 70.95 |
Vested and distributed |  |  | (575 | ) |  |  | 50.08 |
Forfeited |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | 62.01 |
Balance at March 31, 2019 |  |  | 1,174 |  |  | $ | 63.64 |

LTIP Units

The following table summarizes the activity for LTIP Units for the three months ended March 31, 2019 (units in thousands):

|  | Vested |  |  | Unvested |  |  | Unvested Weighted Average |
|  | LTIP Units |  |  | LTIP Units |  |  | Grant Date Fair Value |
Balance at January 1, 2019 |  |  | 3,293 |  |  |  | 2,177 |  |  | $ | 56.05 |
Granted |  |  | - |  |  |  | 911 |  |  |  | 70.87 |
Vested LTIP Units |  |  | 964 |  |  |  | (964 | ) |  |  | 54.44 |
Vested POP LTIP Units (1) |  |  | 391 |  |  |  | - |  |  | N/A |
Conversion to common limited partnership units |  |  | (198 | ) |  |  | - |  |  | N/A |
Balance at March 31, 2019 |  |  | 4,450 |  |  |  | 2,124 |  |  | $ | 63.14 |

(1) | Vested units were based on the POP performance criteria being met for the 2016 – 2018 performance period and represented the earned award amount. See above for further discussion on the POP.

NOTE 9. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE OR UNIT

We determine basic earnings per share or unit based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock or units outstanding during the period. We compute diluted earnings per share or unit based on the weighted average number of shares or units outstanding combined with the incremental weighted average effect from all outstanding potentially dilutive instruments.

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The computation of our basic and diluted earnings per share and unit was as follows (in thousands, except per share and unit amounts):

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
Prologis, Inc. |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Net earnings attributable to common stockholders – Basic |  | $ | 347,047 |  |  | $ | 365,902 |
Net earnings attributable to exchangeable limited partnership units (1) |  |  | 10,657 |  |  |  | 10,693 |
Adjusted net earnings attributable to common stockholders – Diluted |  | $ | 357,704 |  |  | $ | 376,595 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – Basic |  |  | 629,676 |  |  |  | 532,185 |
Incremental weighted average effect on exchange of limited partnership units (1) |  |  | 19,718 |  |  |  | 16,270 |
Incremental weighted average effect of equity awards |  |  | 4,965 |  |  |  | 5,668 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – Diluted (2) |  |  | 654,359 |  |  |  | 554,123 |
Net earnings per share attributable to common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.69 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
Prologis, L.P. |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Net earnings attributable to common unitholders |  | $ | 357,621 |  |  | $ | 376,425 |
Net earnings attributable to Class A Units |  |  | (4,606 | ) |  |  | (5,853 | )
Net earnings attributable to common unitholders – Basic |  |  | 353,015 |  |  |  | 370,572 |
Net earnings attributable to Class A Units |  |  | 4,606 |  |  |  | 5,853 |
Net earnings attributable to exchangeable other limited partnership units |  |  | 83 |  |  |  | 170 |
Adjusted net earnings attributable to common unitholders – Diluted |  | $ | 357,704 |  |  | $ | 376,595 |
Weighted average common partnership units outstanding – Basic |  |  | 640,504 |  |  |  | 538,977 |
Incremental weighted average effect on exchange of Class A Units |  |  | 8,356 |  |  |  | 8,512 |
Incremental weighted average effect on exchange of other limited partnership units |  |  | 534 |  |  |  | 966 |
Incremental weighted average effect of equity awards of Prologis, Inc. |  |  | 4,965 |  |  |  | 5,668 |
Weighted average common units outstanding – Diluted (2) |  |  | 654,359 |  |  |  | 554,123 |
Net earnings per unit attributable to common unitholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.69 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |

(1) | The exchangeable limited partnership units include the units as discussed in Note 7. Earnings allocated to the exchangeable OP units not held by the Parent have been included in the numerator and exchangeable common units have been included in the denominator for the purpose of computing diluted earnings per share for all periods as the per share and unit amount is the same.

(2) | Our total weighted average potentially dilutive shares and units outstanding consisted of the following:

|  |  | Three Months Ended |
|  |  | March 31, |
|  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
| Class A Units |  |  | 8,356 |  |  |  | 8,512 |
| Other limited partnership units |  |  | 534 |  |  |  | 966 |
| Equity awards |  |  | 7,673 |  |  |  | 8,380 |
| Prologis, L.P. |  |  | 16,563 |  |  |  | 17,858 |
| Common limited partnership units |  |  | 10,828 |  |  |  | 6,792 |
| Prologis, Inc. |  |  | 27,391 |  |  |  | 24,650 |

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NOTE 10. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Derivative Financial Instruments

In the normal course of business, our operations are exposed to market risks, including the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We may enter into derivative financial instruments to offset these underlying market risks. There have been no significant changes in our policy or strategy from what was disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

The following table presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments recognized within Other Assets and Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
|  | Asset |  |  | Liability |  |  | Asset |  |  | Liability |
Undesignated derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forwards |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brazilian real |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | - |
British pound sterling |  |  | 717 |  |  |  | 734 |  |  |  | 2,266 |  |  |  | 324 |
Canadian dollar |  |  | 2,080 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,336 |  |  |  | 53 |
Euro |  |  | 13,605 |  |  |  | 374 |  |  |  | 7,895 |  |  |  | 1,922 |
Japanese yen |  |  | 3,666 |  |  |  | 76 |  |  |  | 3,334 |  |  |  | 1,318 |
Mexican peso |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 159 |  |  |  | - |
Interest rate swaps |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. dollar |  |  | - |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | - |
Designated derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net investment hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brazilian real |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,165 |
British pound sterling |  |  | 460 |  |  |  | 3,526 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 949 |
Canadian dollar |  |  | 3,893 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,634 |  |  |  | - |
Interest rate swaps |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash flow hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Euro |  |  | - |  |  |  | 368 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 428 |
Total fair value of derivatives |  | $ | 24,421 |  |  | $ | 5,117 |  |  | $ | 22,731 |  |  | $ | 8,159 |

Undesignated Derivative Financial Instruments

Foreign Currency Contracts

The following table summarizes the activity of our undesignated foreign currency contracts for the three months ended March 31 (in millions, except for weighted average forward rates and number of active contracts):

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | BRL |  |  | CAD |  |  | EUR |  |  | GBP |  |  | JPY |  |  | CAD |  |  | CNY |  |  | EUR |  |  | GBP |  |  | JPY |
Notional amounts at January 1 |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 314 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 177 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 153 |
New contracts |  |  | 489 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 112 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 80 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Matured, expired or settled contracts |  |  | (494 | ) |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (35 | ) |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | (80 | ) |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  | (19 | )
Notional amounts at March 31 |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 279 |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 236 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 134 |
Weighted average forward rate at March 31 |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1.28 |  |  |  | 1.21 |  |  |  | 1.22 |  |  |  | 104.86 |  |  |  | 1.28 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1.18 |  |  |  | 1.30 |  |  |  | 106.20 |
Active contracts at March 31 |  |  | - |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 30 |

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The following table summarizes the undesignated derivative financial instruments exercised and associated realized gains (losses) and unrealized gains (losses) in For eign Currency and Derivative Gains (Losses), Net in the Consolidated Statements of Income (in millions, except for number of exercised contracts):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Exercised contracts |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 15 |
Realized gains (losses) on the matured, expired or settled contracts |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (7 | )
Unrealized gains (losses) on the change in fair value of outstanding contracts |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | (13 | )

Designated Derivative Financial Instruments

Foreign Currency Contracts

The following table summarizes the activity of our foreign currency contracts designated as net investment hedges for the three months ended March 31 (in millions, except for weighted average forward rates and number of active contracts):

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | BRL |  |  | CAD |  |  | GBP |  |  | CAD |
Notional amounts at January 1 |  | $ | 460 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | 99 |
New contracts |  |  | 489 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 262 |  |  |  | 100 |
Matured, expired or settled contracts |  |  | (949 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (99 | )
Notional amounts at March 31 |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 389 |  |  | $ | 100 |
Weighted average forward rate at March 31 |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1.28 |  |  |  | 1.30 |  |  |  | 1.28 |
Active contracts at March 31 |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 2 |

Interest Rate Swaps

The following table summarizes the activity of our interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges for the three months ended March 31 (in millions):

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | EUR |  |  | CAD |  |  | EUR |
Notional amounts at January 1 |  | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | 271 |  |  | $ | - |
New contracts |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 500 |
Matured, expired or settled contracts |  |  | - |  |  |  | (271 | ) |  |  | - |
Notional amounts at March 31 |  | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 500 |

Designated Nonderivative Financial Instruments

The following table summarizes our debt and accrued interest, designated as a hedge of our net investment in international subsidiaries (in millions):

|  | March 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
British pound sterling |  | $ | 346 |  |  | $ | 269 |
Euro |  | $ | 3,028 |  |  | $ | 2,645 |

The following table summarizes the recognized unrealized losses in Foreign Currency and Derivative Gains (Losses), Net on the remeasurement of the unhedged portion of our debt and accrued interest for the three months ended March 31 (in millions):

|  | 2018 |
Unrealized losses on the unhedged portion |  | $ | (24 | )

The unrealized loss on the unhedged portion recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was not material.

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The change in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income during the periods presented is due to the translation into U.S. dollars on consolidation of the financial statements of our consolidated subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. The change in fair value of the effective portion of our derivative financial instruments that

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have been designated as net investment hedges and cash flow hedges and the translation of our nonderivative financial instruments as discussed above are also in cluded in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The following table presents these changes in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Derivative net investment hedges |  | $ | (19,452 | ) |  | $ | 3,093 |
Nonderivative net investment hedges |  |  | 63,657 |  |  |  | (109,877 | )
Cumulative translation adjustment |  |  | 15,875 |  |  |  | 111,554 |
Total foreign currency translation gains, net |  | $ | 60,080 |  |  | $ | 4,770 |
Cash flow hedges (1) |  | $ | 1,105 |  |  | $ | (9,285 | )
Our share of derivatives from unconsolidated co-investment ventures |  |  | (3,738 | ) |  |  | 2,998 |
Total unrealized losses on derivative contracts, net |  | $ | (2,633 | ) |  | $ | (6,287 | )
Total change in other comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 57,447 |  |  | $ | (1,517 | )

(1) | We estimate an additional expense of $4.2 million will be reclassified to Interest Expense over the next 12 months from March 31, 2019, due to the amortization of previously settled derivatives designated as cash flow hedges.

Fair Value Measurements

There have been no significant changes in our policy from what was disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, other than the derivatives discussed previously, we did not have any significant financial assets or financial liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the Consolidated Financial Statements. All of our derivatives held at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Fair Value Measurements on Nonrecurring Basis

Acquired properties and assets we expect to sell or contribute met the criteria to be measured on a nonrecurring basis at fair value and the lower of their carrying amount or their estimated fair value less the costs to sell, respectively, at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we estimate the fair value of our properties using Level 2 or Level 3 inputs from the fair value hierarchy. See more information on our acquired properties and assets held for sale or contribution in Notes 2, 3 and 5, respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts and notes receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses were representative of their fair values.

The differences in the fair value of our debt from the carrying value in the table below were the result of differences in interest rates or borrowing spreads that were available to us at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, as compared with those in effect when the debt was issued or assumed, including reduced borrowing spreads due to our improved credit ratings. The senior notes and many of the issuances of secured mortgage debt contain pre-payment penalties or yield maintenance provisions that could make the cost of refinancing the debt at lower rates exceed the benefit that would be derived from doing so.

The following table reflects the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our debt (in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
|  | Carrying Value |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Carrying Value |  |  | Fair Value |
Credit Facilities |  | $ | 26,180 |  |  | $ | 26,180 |  |  | $ | 50,500 |  |  | $ | 50,513 |
Senior notes |  |  | 8,314,678 |  |  |  | 8,846,176 |  |  |  | 8,304,147 |  |  |  | 8,606,864 |
Term loans and unsecured other |  |  | 1,411,343 |  |  |  | 1,433,838 |  |  |  | 1,921,428 |  |  |  | 1,946,335 |
Secured mortgage |  |  | 953,938 |  |  |  | 992,924 |  |  |  | 813,740 |  |  |  | 849,417 |
Total |  | $ | 10,706,139 |  |  | $ | 11,299,118 |  |  | $ | 11,089,815 |  |  | $ | 11,453,129 |

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NOTE 11. BUSINESS SEGMENTS

Our current business strategy includes two operating segments: Real Estate Operations and Strategic Capital. We generate revenues, earnings, net operating income and cash flows through our segments, as follows:

• | Real Estate Operations. This operating segment represents the ownership and development of operating properties and is the largest component of our revenues and earnings. We collect rent from our customers through operating leases, including reimbursements for the majority of our property operating costs. Each operating property is considered to be an individual operating segment with similar economic characteristics; these properties are combined within the reportable business segment based on geographic location. Our Real Estate Operations segment also includes development activities that lead to rental operations, including land held for development and properties currently under development. Within this line of business, we utilize the following: (i) our land bank; (ii) the development expertise of our local teams; and (iii) our customer relationships. Land we own and lease to customers under ground leases, along with land we lease, is also included in this segment.

• | Strategic Capital. This operating segment represents the management of unconsolidated co-investment ventures. We generate strategic capital revenues primarily from our unconsolidated co-investment ventures through asset management and property management services and we earn additional revenues by providing leasing, acquisition, construction, development, financing, legal and disposition services. Depending on the structure of the venture and the returns provided to our partners, we also earn revenues through promotes periodically during the life of a venture or upon liquidation. Each unconsolidated co-investment venture we manage is considered to be an individual operating segment with similar economic characteristics; these ventures are combined within the reportable business segment based on geographic location.

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Reconciliations are presented below for: (i) each reportable business segment’s revenues from external customers to Total Revenues; (ii) each reportable business segment’s net operating income from external customers to Operating Income and Earnings Before Income Taxes; and (iii) each reportable business segment’s assets to Total Assets. Our chief operating decision makers rely primarily on net operating income and similar measures to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing segment performance. The applicable components of Total Revenues, Operating Income, Earnings Before Income Taxes and Total Assets are allocated to each reportable busine ss segment’s revenues, net operating income and assets. Items that are not directly assignable to a segment, such as certain corporate income and expenses, are not allocated but reflected as reconciling items.

The following reconciliations are presented in thousands:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  |  | 2019 |  |  |  | 2018 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate operations segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. |  | $ | 651,869 |  |  | $ | 499,257 |
Other Americas |  |  | 23,865 |  |  |  | 30,431 |
Europe |  |  | 8,557 |  |  |  | 17,202 |
Asia |  |  | 13,956 |  |  |  | 13,805 |
Total real estate operations segment |  |  | 698,247 |  |  |  | 560,695 |
Strategic capital segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. |  |  | 20,268 |  |  |  | 16,069 |
Other Americas |  |  | 7,900 |  |  |  | 6,153 |
Europe |  |  | 28,838 |  |  |  | 38,817 |
Asia |  |  | 16,799 |  |  |  | 71,922 |
Total strategic capital segment |  |  | 73,805 |  |  |  | 132,961 |
Total revenues |  |  | 772,052 |  |  |  | 693,656 |
Segment net operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate operations segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. (1) |  |  | 471,076 |  |  |  | 369,364 |
Other Americas |  |  | 19,053 |  |  |  | 22,923 |
Europe |  |  | 5,544 |  |  |  | 12,459 |
Asia |  |  | 10,672 |  |  |  | 9,769 |
Total real estate operations segment |  |  | 506,345 |  |  |  | 414,515 |
Strategic capital segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. (1) |  |  | 3,327 |  |  |  | (4,236 | )
Other Americas |  |  | 5,422 |  |  |  | 2,907 |
Europe |  |  | 19,151 |  |  |  | 27,663 |
Asia |  |  | 7,847 |  |  |  | 62,767 |
Total strategic capital segment |  |  | 35,747 |  |  |  | 89,101 |
Total segment net operating income |  |  | 542,092 |  |  |  | 503,616 |
Reconciling items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | (69,701 | ) |  |  | (62,428 | )
Depreciation and amortization expenses |  |  | (284,009 | ) |  |  | (204,081 | )
Gains on real estate transactions, net |  |  | 188,208 |  |  |  | 195,111 |
Operating income |  |  | 376,590 |  |  |  | 432,218 |
Earnings from unconsolidated entities, net |  |  | 56,666 |  |  |  | 62,656 |
Interest expense |  |  | (60,507 | ) |  |  | (47,245 | )
Interest and other income, net |  |  | 7,910 |  |  |  | 1,976 |
Foreign currency and derivative gains (losses), net |  |  | 8,734 |  |  |  | (41,094 | )
Losses on early extinguishment of debt, net |  |  | (2,116 | ) |  |  | - |
Earnings before income taxes |  | $ | 387,277 |  |  | $ | 408,511 |

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|  | March 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
Segment assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate operations segment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. |  | $ | 28,113,087 |  |  | $ | 27,666,200 |
Other Americas |  |  | 1,185,389 |  |  |  | 1,712,862 |
Europe |  |  | 1,158,984 |  |  |  | 1,040,061 |
Asia |  |  | 763,531 |  |  |  | 1,012,253 |
Total real estate operations segment |  |  | 31,220,991 |  |  |  | 31,431,376 |
Strategic capital segment (2): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. |  |  | 15,483 |  |  |  | 15,802 |
Europe |  |  | 25,280 |  |  |  | 25,280 |
Asia |  |  | 368 |  |  |  | 455 |
Total strategic capital segment |  |  | 41,131 |  |  |  | 41,537 |
Total segment assets |  |  | 31,262,122 |  |  |  | 31,472,913 |
Reconciling items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated entities |  |  | 5,613,060 |  |  |  | 5,745,294 |
Assets held for sale or contribution |  |  | 899,976 |  |  |  | 622,288 |
Lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 116,012 |  |  |  | - |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 251,030 |  |  |  | 343,856 |
Other assets |  |  | 249,912 |  |  |  | 233,313 |
Total reconciling items |  |  | 7,129,990 |  |  |  | 6,944,751 |
Total assets |  | $ | 38,392,112 |  |  | $ | 38,417,664 |

(1) | This includes compensation and personnel costs for employees who were located in the U.S. but also support other regions.

(2) | Represents management contracts and goodwill recorded in connection with business combinations associated with the Strategic Capital segment. Goodwill was $25.3 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

NOTE 12. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Our significant noncash investing and financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 included the following:

• | Due to the adoption of the new lease standard on January 1, 2019, we recorded Lease ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, including any new leases after January 1, 2019, of $393.0 million and $400.3 million, respectively.

• | We capitalized $7.5 million in 2019 and 2018 of equity-based compensation expense. Beginning January 1, 2019, upon adoption of the new lease standard, we capitalized equity-based compensation expenses related to development activities only. Internal costs related to our leasing activities are expensed as incurred.

• | We received $177.2 million and $50.6 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively, of ownership interests in certain unconsolidated co-investment ventures as a portion of our proceeds from the contribution of properties to these entities, as disclosed in Note 3. Included in 2019 is our initial 20% investment in PBLV in exchange for our contribution of the initial portfolio of properties to the Venture upon formation.

• | We issued 0.4 million shares in 2019 of the Parent’s common stock upon redemption of an equal number of common limited partnership units in the OP.

We paid $95.4 million and $82.9 million for interest, net of amounts capitalized, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

We paid $26.5 million and $24.8 million for income taxes, net of refunds, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

27

REPORT OF INDEP ENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Prologis, Inc.:

Results of Review of Interim Financial Information

We have reviewed the consolidated balance sheet of Prologis, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of March 31, 2019, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of equity for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated interim financial information). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the consolidated interim financial information for it to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2018, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 13, 2019, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

Adoption of a New Accounting Pronouncement

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for leases at January 1, 2019, on a prospective basis due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842, Leases.

Basis for Review Results

This consolidated interim financial information is the responsibility of the Company’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of consolidated interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Denver, Colorado
April 22, 2019

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Partners
Prologis, L.P.:

Results of Review of Interim Financial Information

We have reviewed the consolidated balance sheet of Prologis, L.P. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of March 31, 2019, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of capital for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated interim financial information). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the consolidated interim financial information for it to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2018, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, capital, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 13, 2019, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

Adoption of a New Accounting Pronouncement

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for leases at January 1, 2019, on a prospective basis due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842, Leases.

Basis for Review Results

This consolidated interim financial information is the responsibility of the Company’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of consolidated interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Denver, Colorado
April 22, 2019

29

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes included in Item 1 of this report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The statements in this report that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about the industry and markets in which we operate as well as management’s beliefs and assumptions. Such statements involve uncertainties that could significantly impact our financial results. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” and “estimates” including variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements, which generally are not historical in nature. All statements that address operating performance, events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future — including statements relating to rent and occupancy growth, development activity, contribution and disposition activity, general conditions in the geographic areas where we operate, our debt, capital structure and financial position, our ability to form new co-investment ventures and the availability of capital in existing or new co-investment ventures — are forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Although we believe the expectations reflected in any forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, we can give no assurance that our expectations will be attained, and therefore actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that may affect outcomes and results include, but are not limited to: (i) national, international, regional and local economic and political climates; (ii) changes in global financial markets, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates; (iii) increased or unanticipated competition for our properties; (iv) risks associated with acquisitions, dispositions and development of properties; (v) maintenance of real estate investment trust (“REIT”) status, tax structuring and changes in income tax laws and rates; (vi) availability of financing and capital, the levels of debt that we maintain and our credit ratings; (vii) risks related to our investments in our co-investment ventures, including our ability to establish new co-investment ventures; (viii) risks of doing business internationally, including currency risks; (ix) environmental uncertainties, including risks of natural disasters; and (x) those additional factors discussed under Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. We undertake no duty to update any forward-looking statements appearing in this report except as may be required by law.

Prologis, Inc. is a self-administered and self-managed REIT and is the sole general partner of Prologis, L.P. through which it holds substantially all of its assets. We operate Prologis, Inc. and Prologis, L.P. as one enterprise and, therefore, our discussion and analysis refers to Prologis, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Prologis, L.P., collectively. We invest in real estate through wholly owned subsidiaries and other entities through which we co-invest with partners and investors. We have a significant ownership in the co-investment ventures, which may be consolidated or unconsolidated based on our level of control of the entity.

MANAGEMENT’S OVERVIEW

Prologis is the global leader in logistics real estate with a focus on key markets in 19 countries on four continents. We own, manage and develop well-located, high-quality logistics facilities. Our local teams actively manage our portfolio, which encompasses leasing and property management, capital deployment and opportunistic dispositions allowing us to recycle capital to self-fund our development and acquisition activities. The majority of our properties in the United States (“U.S.”) are wholly owned, while our properties outside the U.S. are generally held in co-investment ventures, to mitigate our exposure to foreign currency movements.

Our irreplaceable portfolio is focused on the world’s most vibrant markets where consumption and supply chain reconfiguration drive logistics demand. In the developed markets of the U.S., Europe and Japan, key demand drivers include the reconfiguration of supply chains (strongly influenced by e-commerce trends), the demand for sustainable design features and the operational efficiencies that can be realized from high-quality logistics facilities. In emerging markets, such as Brazil, China and Mexico, growing affluence and the rise of a new consumer class have increased the need for modern distribution networks. Our strategy is to own the highest-quality logistics property portfolio in each of our target markets. These markets are characterized by what is most important for the consumption side of a logistics supply chain — large population centers with proximity to labor pools, surrounded by highways, rail service or ports. Customers turn to us because they know an efficient supply chain will make their businesses succeed, and that a strategic relationship with Prologis will create a competitive advantage.

We operate and evaluate our business on an owned and managed (“O&M”) basis, including properties that we wholly-own and properties that are owned by one of our co-investment ventures. We make decisions based on the property operations, regardless of our ownership interest. Our investment consists of our wholly-owned properties and our pro rata (or ownership) share of the properties owned in ventures.

At March 31, 2019, we owned or had investments in, on a wholly-owned basis or through co-investment ventures, properties and development projects (based on gross book value and total expected investment (“TEI”)) totaling $69.1 billion across 772 million square feet (72 million square meters) and four continents. Our investment totaled $42.3 billion, consisting of our wholly-owned properties and our pro rata (or ownership) share of the properties owned by our co-investment ventures. We lease modern logistics facilities to a diverse base of approximately 5,100 customers.

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Our business comprises two operating segments: Real Estate Operations and Strategic Capital.

Below is information summarizing consolidated activity within our segments (in millions):

(1) | Net operating income (“NOI”) is not a U.S. generally accepted accounting principle (“GAAP”) financial measure. NOI from Real Estate Operations is calculated directly from our Consolidated Financial Statements as Rental Revenues and Development Management and Other Revenues less Rental Expenses and Other Expenses. See the Results of Operations section for a reconciliation of NOI to Operating Income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

(2) | A developed property moves into the operating portfolio when it meets our definition of stabilization, which is the earlier of one year after completion or reaching 90% occupancy. Amounts represent our TEI, which includes the estimated cost of development or expansion, including land, construction and leasing costs.

Real Estate Operations

Rental. Rental operations comprise the largest component of our operating segments and generally contribute 85% to 90% of our consolidated revenues, earnings and funds from operations (“FFO”). FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure. See below for a reconciliation of Net Earnings Attributable to Common Stockholders in the Consolidated Statements of Income to FFO. We collect rent from our customers through long-term operating leases, including reimbursements for the majority of our property operating costs. We expect to generate long-term internal growth by increasing rents, maintaining high occupancy rates and controlling expenses. The primary driver of our revenue growth will be rolling in-place leases to current market rents coupled with increasing market rents. We believe our active portfolio management, combined with the skills of our property, leasing, maintenance, capital, energy, sustainability and risk management teams, will allow us to maximize rental revenues across our portfolio. A significant amount of our rental revenues, NOI and cash flows are generated in the U.S.

Development. We develop properties to meet our customers’ needs, deepen our market presence and refresh our portfolio quality. We believe we have a competitive advantage due to (i) the strategic locations of our land bank; (ii) the development expertise of our local teams; and (iii) the depth of our customer relationships. Successful development and redevelopment efforts provide significant earnings growth as projects lease up and generate income and increase the net asset value of our Real Estate Operations segment. Based on our current estimates, our consolidated land bank, excluding land we have under option contracts, has the potential to support the development of $7.1 billion of TEI of new logistics space. Generally, we develop properties in the U.S. for long-term hold and outside the U.S. for contribution to our unconsolidated co-investment ventures.

Strategic Capital

Real estate is a capital-intensive business that requires new capital to grow. Our strategic capital business gives us access to third-party capital, both private and public, allowing us to diversify our sources of capital and providing us with a broad range of options to fund our growth, while reducing our exposure to foreign currency movements for investments outside of the U.S. We partner with some of the world’s largest institutional investors to grow our business and provide incremental revenues. We also access alternative sources of equity through two publicly traded vehicles: Nippon Prologis REIT, Inc. in Japan and FIBRA Prologis in Mexico. We align our interests with those of our partners by holding significant ownership interests in all of our unconsolidated co-investment ventures (ranging from 15% to 50%).

This segment produces stable, long-term cash flows and generally contributes 10% to 15% of our consolidated revenues, earnings and FFO. We generate strategic capital revenues from our unconsolidated co-investment ventures, principally through asset and property management services. Generally, all of these revenues are earned from long-term and open-ended ventures. We earn additional revenues by providing leasing, acquisition, construction, development, financing, legal and disposition services. In certain ventures, we also have the ability to earn revenues through incentive fees (“promotes” or “promote revenues”) periodically during the life of a venture or upon liquidation. We plan to profitably grow this business by increasing our assets under management in existing or new ventures. Most of the strategic capital revenues are generated outside the U.S. NOI in this segment is calculated directly from our Consolidated Financial Statements as Strategic Capital Revenues less Strategic Capital Expenses and excludes property-related NOI.

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FUTURE GROWTH

We believe the quality and scale of our global portfolio, the expertise of our team, the depth of our customer relationships and the strength of our balance sheet give us unique competitive advantages to grow revenues, NOI, earnings, FFO and cash flows.

• | Rent Growth. We expect market rents to continue to grow over the next few years, driven by demand for the location and quality of our properties. Due to strong market rent growth over the last several years, our in-place leases have considerable upside potential. We estimate that our leases are more than 15% below current market rent on the basis of our weighted average ownership at March 31, 2019. Therefore, even if market rents remain flat, a lease renewal will translate into increased future rental income, on a consolidated basis or through the earnings we recognize from our unconsolidated co-investment ventures based on our ownership. We have experienced positive rent change on rollover (comparing the net effective rent of the new lease to the prior lease for the same space) every quarter since 2013. We expect this trend to continue for several more years due to our current in-place rents being below market as well as increasing market rents.

• | Value Creation from Development. A successful development and redevelopment program involves maintaining control of well-located and entitled land. We believe the carrying value of our land bank is below its current fair value. Due to the strategic nature of our land bank and development expertise of our teams, we expect to realize future value creation as we build out the land bank. We measure the estimated development value as the margin above our anticipated cost to develop. We calculate the margin using estimated yield and capitalization rates from our underwriting models. As properties under development stabilize, we expect to realize the value creation principally through contributions to the unconsolidated co-investment ventures and increases in the NOI of our operating portfolio.

SUMMARY OF 2019

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, operating fundamentals remained strong for our O&M portfolio and we ended the period with occupancy of 96.8%.

In 2019, we completed the following significant activities as described in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements:

• | In January, we formed Prologis Brazil Logistics Venture (“PBLV”), a Brazilian unconsolidated co-investment venture, with one partner. We contributed an initial portfolio of real estate properties to PBLV consisting of 14 operating properties totaling 7 million square feet and 371 acres of land. We received total proceeds of $496 million and units and retain a 20% equity interest.

• | In February, we redeemed a portion of our investment in Prologis European Logistics Fund (“PELF”) for proceeds of €278 million ($313 million). At March 31, 2018 our ownership in PELF was 24.3%.

• | We completed the following financing activities:

| • | We upsized our global senior credit facility by $500 million to $3.5 billion with maturity in January 2023. At March 31, 2019, we had $3.9 billion of available borrowing capacity under our credit facilities.

| • | We entered into two unsecured Japanese yen term loans for a total of ¥15.0 billion ($137 million) that bear interest of Yen LIBOR plus 0.5% to 0.6% and are scheduled to mature in January 2028 and 2030.

| • | We entered into an unsecured Japanese yen term loan agreement (the “2019 Yen Term Loan”) under which we can draw Japanese yen in an aggregate amount not to exceed ¥85.0 billion ($767 million at March 31, 2019). The 2019 Yen Term Loan bears interest at Yen LIBOR plus 0.4% and is scheduled to mature in March 2026. We have the ability to increase the 2019 Yen Term Loan to ¥120.0 billion ($1.1 billion at March 31, 2019), subject to obtaining additional lender commitments. We used the proceeds from the 2019 Yen Term Loan primarily to repay the outstanding balance of ¥100.0 billion ($897 million) on our 2016 Japanese yen term loan.

32

| • | We completed a private placement for ¥10.0 billion ($91 million) of senior notes with a stated interest rate of 1.2%, maturing in March 2039.

• | We generated net proceeds of $176 million and realized net gains of $47 million from the contribution of properties to our unconsolidated co-investment ventures, excluding the contribution to PBLV, and the disposition of operating properties, primarily in Europe.

Throughout this discussion, we reflect amounts in U.S. dollars, our reporting currency. Included in these amounts are consolidated and unconsolidated investments denominated in foreign currencies, principally the British pound sterling, euro and Japanese yen that are impacted by fluctuations in exchange rates when translated to U.S. dollars. We mitigate our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations by investing outside the U.S. through co-investment ventures, borrowing in the functional currency of our consolidated subsidiaries and utilizing derivative financial instruments.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2019 AND 2018

We evaluate our business operations based on the NOI of our two operating segments: Real Estate Operations and Strategic Capital. NOI by segment is a non-GAAP financial measure that is calculated using revenues and expenses directly from our financial statements. We consider NOI by segment to be an appropriate supplemental measure of our performance because it helps management and investors understand our operating results.

Below is a reconciliation of our NOI by segment to Operating Income per the Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended March 31 (in millions). Each segment’s NOI is reconciled to a line item in the Consolidated Financial Statements in the respective segment discussion below.

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Real Estate Operations – NOI |  | $ | 506 |  |  | $ | 415 |
Strategic Capital – NOI |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 89 |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | (69 | ) |  |  | (63 | )
Depreciation and amortization expenses |  |  | (284 | ) |  |  | (204 | )
Operating income before gains on real estate transactions, net |  |  | 189 |  |  |  | 237 |
Gains on real estate transactions, net |  |  | 188 |  |  |  | 195 |
Operating income |  | $ | 377 |  |  | $ | 432 |

See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on our segments and a reconciliation of each business segment’s NOI to Operating Income and Earnings Before Income Taxes.

Real Estate Operations

This operating segment principally includes rental revenues and rental expenses recognized from our consolidated properties. We allocate the costs of our property management and leasing functions to the Real Estate Operations segment through Rental Expenses and the Strategic Capital segment through Strategic Capital Expenses based on the square footage of the relative portfolios. The operating fundamentals in the markets in which we operate continue to be strong, which has increased rents, kept occupancies high and fueled development activity. In addition, this segment is impacted by our development, acquisition and disposition activities.

Below are the components of Real Estate Operations revenues, expenses and NOI for the three months ended March 31, derived directly from line items in the Consolidated Financial Statements (in millions):

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Rental revenues (1) |  | $ | 697 |  |  | $ | 556 |
Development management and other revenues |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 5 |
Rental expenses |  |  | (188 | ) |  |  | (143 | )
Other expenses |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (3 | )
Real Estate Operations – NOI |  | $ | 506 |  |  | $ | 415 |

(1) | As disclosed in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, under the new lease standard, we adopted the practical expedient to present rental revenue and rental recoveries as a single component under Rental Revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Income.

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The change in Real Estate Operations NOI for the three months ended March 31, 2019 from the same period in 2018, was impacted by the following items (in millions):

(1) | Acquisition activity increased NOI in 2019, compared to 2018, primarily due to the acquisition of DCT Industrial Trust Inc. and DCT Industrial Operating Partnership LP (collectively “DCT”) which was completed for $8.5 billion on August 22, 2018 (“DCT Transaction”).

(2) | During both periods, we experienced positive rent rate growth. Rent rate growth (or rent change) is a combination of the rollover of existing leases and increases in certain rental rates from contractual rent increases on existing leases. If a lease has a contractual rent increase that is not known at the time the lease commences, such as the consumer price index or a similar metric, the rent increase is not included in rent leveling and therefore, impacts the rental revenues we recognize. See below for key metrics on occupancy and rent change on rollover for the consolidated operating portfolio.

(3) | We calculate changes in NOI from development completions period over period by comparing the change in NOI generated on the pool of developments that completed on or after January 1, 2018 through March 31, 2019.

(4) | Contribution and disposition activity decreased NOI in 2019, compared to 2018, principally due to the contribution of consolidated operating properties to PBLV in 2019 and other non-strategic dispositions.

(5) | Other items include internal costs related to leasing activities, expense recoveries, non-recoverable expenses and changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Below are key operating metrics of our consolidated operating portfolio.

(1) | In August 2018, we completed the DCT Transaction and acquired a portfolio of logistics real estate assets.

(2) | Consolidated square feet of leases commenced and weighted average rent change were calculated for leases with initial terms of one year or greater.

(3) | Calculated using the trailing twelve months immediately prior to the period ended.

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Development Start Activity

The following table summarizes consolidated development start activity for the three months ended March 31 (dollars and square feet in millions):

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Number of new development projects during the period |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 11 |
Square feet |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 4 |
TEI |  | $ | 236 |  |  | $ | 406 |
Percentage of build-to-suits based on TEI |  |  | 40.5 | % |  |  | 63.1 | %

Development Stabilization Activity

The following table summarizes consolidated development stabilization activity for the three months ended March 31 (dollars and square feet in millions):

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Number of development projects stabilized during the period |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 12 |
Square feet |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 4 |
TEI |  | $ | 668 |  |  | $ | 424 |
Weighted average stabilized yield (1) |  |  | 6.2 | % |  |  | 5.9 | %
Estimated value at completion |  | $ | 872 |  |  | $ | 548 |
Estimated weighted average margin |  |  | 30.5 | % |  |  | 29.0 | %

(1) | We calculate the weighted average stabilized yield as estimated NOI assuming stabilized occupancy divided by TEI.

At March 31, 2019, our development portfolio, including properties under development and prestabilized properties, was 47.9% leased and expected to be completed before February 2021.

Capital Expenditures

We capitalize costs incurred in renovating and improving our operating properties as part of the investment basis. With the adoption of the new lease standard on January 1, 2019, we no longer capitalize internal costs related to our leasing activities. The prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be recognized in accordance with previously applicable guidance, as detailed in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The following graph summarizes our total capital expenditures, excluding development costs, and property improvements per square foot of our consolidated operating properties during each quarter:

Strategic Capital

This operating segment includes revenues from asset and property management and other fees for services performed, as well as promote revenues earned from the unconsolidated ventures. Revenues associated with the Strategic Capital segment fluctuate because of changes in the number of real estate assets through acquisitions and dispositions and the fair value of the properties owned by the ventures, the transactional activity in the ventures, foreign currency exchange rates and the timing of promotes. These revenues are reduced generally by the costs associated with the asset and property-level management expenses for the properties owned by these ventures. We allocate the costs of our property management and leasing functions to the Strategic Capital segment through

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Strategic Capital Expenses and to the Real Estate Operations segment through Rental Expenses based on the square footage of the relative portfolios.

Below are the components of Strategic Capital revenues, expenses and NOI for the three months ended March 31, derived directly from the line items in the Consolidated Financial Statements (in millions):

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Strategic capital revenues |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 133 |
Strategic capital expenses |  |  | (38 | ) |  |  | (44 | )
Strategic Capital – NOI |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 89 |

Below is additional detail of our Strategic Capital revenues, expenses and NOI for the three months ended March 31 (in millions):

|  | U.S. (1) |  |  | Other Americas |  |  | Europe |  |  | Asia |  |  | Total |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Strategic capital revenues ($) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recurring fees (2) |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 54 |
Transactional fees (3) |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 16 |
Promote revenues (4) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 63 |
Total strategic capital revenues ($) |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 72 |  |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 133 |
Strategic capital expenses ($) |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | (38 | ) |  |  | (44 | )
Strategic Capital – NOI ($) |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 89 |

(1) | The U.S. expenses include compensation and personnel costs for employees who were based in the U.S. but also support other regions.

(2) | Recurring fees include asset and property management fees.

(3) | Transactional fees include leasing commission, acquisition, development and other fees.

(4) | The promote revenues represent the third-party partners’ share based on the venture’s cumulative returns to investors over a certain time-period, generally three years. We do not recognize promote revenues related to our ownership in the venture. Approximately 40% of promote revenues are paid to our employees as a combination of cash and stock awards, as vested, pursuant to the terms of the Prologis Promote Plan and expensed through Strategic Capital Expenses.

The following real estate investments were held through our unconsolidated co-investment ventures based on historical cost (dollars and square feet in millions):

| U.S. |  |  | Other Americas |  |  | Europe |  |  | Asia |  |  | Total |
| Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Dec 31, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 (1) |  |  | Dec 31, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Dec 31, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Dec 31, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 |  |  | Dec 31, 2018 |
Ventures |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 8 |
Operating properties |  | 566 |  |  |  | 566 |  |  |  | 215 |  |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 679 |  |  |  | 669 |  |  |  | 131 |  |  |  | 125 |  |  |  | 1,591 |  |  |  | 1,569 |
Square feet |  | 91 |  |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 161 |  |  |  | 159 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | 340 |
Total assets ($) |  | 7,376 |  |  |  | 7,303 |  |  |  | 2,791 |  |  |  | 2,137 |  |  |  | 13,615 |  |  |  | 13,028 |  |  |  | 7,119 |  |  |  | 7,089 |  |  |  | 30,901 |  |  |  | 29,557 |

(1) | PBLV and our other Brazilian joint ventures are combined and accounted for as one venture for the purpose of this table.

See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our unconsolidated co-investment ventures.

General and Administrative (“G&A”) Expenses

G&A expenses were $69 million and $63 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. G&A expenses increased over the last year due to higher compensation expenses based largely on the increase of our share price.

We capitalize certain internal costs, including salaries and related expenses, directly related to our development activities. We previously capitalized G&A related to our internal leasing activities, however, with the adoption of the new lease standard on January 1, 2019 these costs are expensed and recorded to Rental Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

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The following table summarizes capitalized G&A for the three months ended March 31 (in millions):

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Building and land development activities |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 16 |
Leasing activities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5 |
Operating building improvements and other |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |
Total capitalized G&A expenses |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 26 |
Capitalized salaries and related costs as a percent of total salaries and related costs |  |  | 20.6 | % |  |  | 21.3 | %

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses were $284 million and $204 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The following table highlights the key changes in depreciation and amortization expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2019 from the same period in 2018 (in millions):

(1) | The acquisition of properties primarily includes the DCT Transaction through which we acquired operating properties and the related intangible assets. See Note 2 for more information on the DCT Transaction.

Gains on Real Estate Transactions, Net

The following table summarizes our gains on real estate transactions, net for the three months ended March 31 (in millions):

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Contributions to unconsolidated entities |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 168 |
Dispositions to third parties |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 27 |
Total gains on contributions and dispositions, net |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 195 |
Gain on partial redemption of investment in co-investment venture |  |  | 135 |  |  |  | - |
Total gains on real estate transactions, net |  | $ | 188 |  |  | $ | 195 |

We utilized the proceeds from these transactions primarily to fund our capital investments during both periods. See Notes 3 and 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the gains we recognized.

Our O&M Operating Portfolio

We manage our business and review our operating fundamentals on an O&M basis, which includes properties wholly owned by us or owned by one of our co-investment ventures. We believe reviewing these fundamentals this way allows management to understand the entire impact to the financial statements, as it will affect both the Real Estate Operations and Strategic Capital segments, as well as the net earnings we recognize from our unconsolidated co-investment ventures based on our ownership. We do not control the unconsolidated co-investment ventures for purposes of GAAP and the presentation of the ventures’ operating information does not represent a legal claim.

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Our O&M operating portfolio does not include our development portfolio, value-added properties or p roperties held for sale to third parties. Value-added properties are properties that are expected to be repurposed or redeveloped to a higher and better use and recently acquired properties that present opportunities to create greater value.

See below for information on our O&M operating portfolio (square feet in millions):

| March 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
| Number of Properties |  |  | Square Feet |  |  | Percentage Occupied |  |  | Number of Properties |  |  | Square Feet |  |  | Percentage Occupied |
Consolidated |  | 1,840 |  |  |  | 347 |  |  |  | 96.8 | % |  |  | 1,835 |  |  |  | 348 |  |  |  | 97.2 | %
Unconsolidated |  | 1,581 |  |  |  | 349 |  |  |  | 96.7 | % |  |  | 1,561 |  |  |  | 339 |  |  |  | 97.8 | %
Total |  | 3,421 |  |  |  | 696 |  |  |  | 96.8 | % |  |  | 3,396 |  |  |  | 687 |  |  |  | 97.5 | %

Below are the key operating metrics summarizing the leasing activity of our O&M operating portfolio.

(1) | Square feet of leases commenced and weighted average rent change were calculated for leases with initial terms of one year or greater. We retained more than 70% of our customers, based on the total square feet of leases commenced during these periods.

(2) | Calculated using the trailing twelve months immediately prior to the period ended.

(3) | Turnover costs are defined as leasing commissions and tenant improvements and represent the obligations incurred in connection with the lease commencement for leases greater than one year.

Same Store Analysis

Our same store metrics are non-GAAP financial measures, which are commonly used in the real estate industry and expected from the financial community, on both a net-effective and cash basis. We evaluate the performance of the operating properties we own and manage using a “same store” analysis because the population of properties in this analysis is consistent from period to period, which allows us to analyze our ongoing business operations.

We define our same store population for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as our O&M properties that were in the operating portfolio at January 1, 2018 and owned throughout the same three-month period in both 2018 and 2019. The same store population excludes non-industrial real estate properties and properties held for sale to third parties, along with development properties that were not stabilized at the beginning of the period (January 1, 2018) and properties acquired or disposed of to third parties during the period. To derive an appropriate measure of period-to-period operating performance, we remove the effects of foreign currency exchange rate movements by using the reported period end exchange rate to translate from local currency into the U.S. dollar, for both periods. We believe the factors that affect rental revenues, rental expenses and NOI in the same store portfolio are generally the same as for our consolidated portfolio.

As same store is a non-GAAP financial measure, it has certain limitations as an analytical tool and may vary among real estate companies. As a result, we provide a reconciliation of rental revenues and rental expenses from our Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in accordance with GAAP to same store property NOI. In addition, we further remove certain noncash items (straight-line rent adjustments and amortization of lease intangibles) included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP to reflect a cash same store number. To clearly label these metrics, they are categorized as same store portfolio NOI – net effective and same store portfolio NOI – cash.

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The following is a reconciliation of our consolidated rental revenues, renta l expenses and property NOI, as included in the Consolidated Statements of Income, to the respective amounts in our same store portfolio analysis for the three months ended March 3 1 (dollars in millions):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Percentage |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | Change |
Rental revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Per the Consolidated Statements of Income (1) |  | $ | 697 |  |  | $ | 556 |  |  |  |  |
Adjustments to derive same store results: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Properties not included in the same store portfolio and other adjustments (1) (2) |  |  | (176 | ) |  |  | (44 | ) |  |  |  |
Unconsolidated co-investment ventures (1) |  |  | 586 |  |  |  | 557 |  |  |  |  |
Same store portfolio – rental revenues – net effective |  | $ | 1,107 |  |  | $ | 1,069 |  |  |  | 3.5 | %
Straight-line rent and fair value lease adjustments |  |  | (12 | ) |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  |  |
Same store portfolio – rental revenues – cash |  | $ | 1,095 |  |  | $ | 1,045 |  |  |  | 4.8 | %
Rental expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Per the Consolidated Statements of Income (1) |  | $ | 188 |  |  | $ | 143 |  |  |  |  |
Adjustments to derive same store results: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Properties not included in the same store portfolio and other adjustments (1) (3) |  |  | (46 | ) |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  |  |
Unconsolidated co-investment ventures (1) |  |  | 135 |  |  |  | 125 |  |  |  |  |
Same store portfolio – rental expenses – net effective and cash |  | $ | 277 |  |  | $ | 264 |  |  |  | 4.7 | %
NOI: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property NOI (calculated as rental revenues less rental expenses per the Consolidated Statements of Income) (1) |  | $ | 509 |  |  | $ | 413 |  |  |  |  |
Adjustments to derive same store results: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Properties not included in the same store portfolio and other adjustments (1) (2) (3) |  |  | (130 | ) |  |  | (40 | ) |  |  |  |
Unconsolidated co-investment ventures (1) |  |  | 451 |  |  |  | 432 |  |  |  |  |
Same store portfolio – NOI – net effective |  | $ | 830 |  |  | $ | 805 |  |  |  | 3.2 | %
Same store portfolio – NOI – cash |  | $ | 818 |  |  | $ | 781 |  |  |  | 4.8 | %

(1) | We include 100% of the same store NOI from the properties in our same store portfolio. During the periods presented, certain properties owned by us were contributed to a co-investment venture and are included in the same store portfolio. Neither our consolidated results nor those of the co-investment ventures, when viewed individually, would be comparable on a same store basis because of the changes in composition of the respective portfolios from period to period (e.g. the results of a contributed property are included in our consolidated results through the contribution date and in the results of the unconsolidated entities subsequent to the contribution date). As a result, only line items labeled “same store portfolio” are comparable period over period.

(2) | We exclude non-industrial real estate properties and properties held for sale to third parties, along with development properties that were not stabilized at the beginning of the reporting period and properties acquired or disposed of to third parties during the period. We also exclude net termination and renegotiation fees to allow us to evaluate the growth or decline in each property’s rental revenues without regard to one-time items that are not indicative of the property’s recurring operating performance. Net termination and renegotiation fees represent the gross fee negotiated to allow a customer to terminate or renegotiate their lease, offset by the write-off of the asset recorded due to the adjustment to straight-line rents over the lease term.

(3) | Rental expenses include the direct operating expenses of the property such as property taxes, insurance and utilities. In addition, we include an allocation of the property management expenses for our consolidated properties based on the property management services provided to each property (generally, based on a percentage of revenues). On consolidation, these amounts are eliminated and the actual costs of providing property management services are recognized as part of our consolidated rental expenses.

Other Components of Income (Expense)

Earnings from Unconsolidated Entities, Net

We recognized net earnings from unconsolidated entities, which are accounted for using the equity method, of $57 million and $63 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The earnings we recognize can be impacted by: (i) variances in revenues and expenses of each venture; (ii) the size and occupancy rate of the portfolio of properties owned by each venture; (iii) gains or losses from the dispositions of properties and extinguishment of debt; (iv) our ownership interest in each venture; and (v) fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates used to translate our share of net earnings to U.S. dollars.

See the discussion of our co-investment ventures above in the Strategic Capital segment discussion and in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further breakdown of our share of net earnings recognized.

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Interest Expense

The following table details our net interest expense for the three months ended March 31 (dollars in millions):

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Gross interest expense |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 55 |
Amortization of debt discount (premium) and debt issuance costs, net |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 3 |
Capitalized amounts |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  | (11 | )
Net interest expense |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 47 |
Weighted average effective interest rate during the period |  |  | 2.6 | % |  |  | 2.9 | %

Interest expense increased due to financing the DCT Transaction and the gain recognized upon settlement of the interest rate swaps on the Canadian term loan in 2018. The increase was partially reduced by lower interest rates as a result of our financing activities.

See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Liquidity and Capital Resources section below, for further discussion of our debt and borrowing costs.

Foreign Currency and Derivative Gains (Losses), Net

The following table details our foreign currency and derivative gains (losses), net for the three months ended March 31 (in millions):

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Realized foreign currency and derivative gains (losses), net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains (losses) on the settlement of undesignated derivative transactions |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (7 | )
Total realized foreign currency and derivative gains (losses), net |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (7 | )
Unrealized foreign currency and derivative gains (losses), net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains (losses) on the change in fair value of undesignated derivatives and unhedged nonderivative net investment hedges (1) |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | (37 | )
Gains on remeasurement of certain assets and liabilities (2) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 3 |
Total unrealized foreign currency and derivative gains (losses), net |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | (34 | )
Total foreign currency and derivative gains (losses), net |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | (41 | )

(1) | We borrow in the functional currencies of the countries where we invest and may designate these borrowings as nonderivative net investment hedges. We recognize gains or losses on the remeasurement of the unhedged portion of this debt and the related accrued interest.

(2) | Unrealized gains or losses were primarily related to the remeasurement of assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entity, such as short-term intercompany loans between the U.S. parent and certain foreign consolidated subsidiaries and tax receivables and payables. Realized gains or losses are recognized upon settlement. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we did not have material realized gains or losses.

See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about our derivative and nonderivative transactions.

Income Tax Expense

We recognize income tax expense related to our taxable REIT subsidiaries and in the local, state and foreign jurisdictions in which we operate. Our current income tax expense fluctuates from period to period based primarily on the timing of our taxable income. Deferred income tax expense (benefit) is generally a function of the period’s temporary differences and the utilization of net operating losses generated in prior years that had been previously recognized as deferred income tax assets in taxable subsidiaries.

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The following table summarizes our income tax expense for the three months ended March 31 (in millions):

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Current income tax expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Income tax expense on dispositions |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 7 |
Income tax expense on dispositions related to acquired tax liabilities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |
Total current income tax expense |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 19 |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (1 | )
Income tax benefit on dispositions related to acquired tax liabilities |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1 | )
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (2 | )
Total income tax expense |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 17 |

Net Earnings Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

This amount represents the third-party investors’ share of the earnings generated in consolidated entities in which we do not own 100% of the equity, reduced by the third-party share of fees or promotes payable to us and earned during the period. We had net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests of $25 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Included in these amounts was $11 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, of net earnings attributable to the common limited partnership unitholders of Prologis, L.P.

See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on our noncontrolling interests.

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about our derivative and nonderivative transactions and other comprehensive income (loss).

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Overview

We consider our ability to generate cash from operating activities, distributions from our co-investment ventures, contributions and dispositions of properties and available financing sources to be adequate to meet our anticipated future development, acquisition, operating, debt service, dividend and distribution requirements.

Near-Term Principal Cash Sources and Uses

In addition to dividends and distributions, we expect our primary cash needs will consist of the following:

• | completion of the development and leasing of the properties in our consolidated development portfolio (at March 31, 2019, 99 properties in our development portfolio were 47.9% leased with a current investment of $2.0 billion and a TEI of $3.2 billion when completed and leased, leaving $1.2 billion of estimated additional required investment);

• | development of new properties for long-term investment or contributions to unconsolidated co-investment ventures, including the acquisition of land in certain markets;

• | capital expenditures and leasing costs on properties in our operating portfolio;

• | repayment of debt and scheduled principal payments of $253 million in 2019;

• | additional investments in current unconsolidated entities or new investments in future unconsolidated entities;

• | acquisition of operating properties or portfolios of operating properties (depending on market and other conditions) for direct, long-term investment in our consolidated portfolio (this might include acquisitions from our co-investment ventures); and

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• | repurchase of our outstanding debt or equity securities (depending on prevailing market conditions, ou r liquidity, contractual restrictions and other factors) through cash purchases, open-market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, tender offers or otherwise.

We expect to fund our cash needs principally from the following sources (subject to market conditions):

• | available unrestricted cash balances ($251 million at March 31, 2019);

• | net cash flow from property operations;

• | fees earned for services performed on behalf of the co-investment ventures, including promotes;

• | distributions received from the co-investment ventures;

• | proceeds from the disposition of properties, land parcels or other investments to third parties;

• | proceeds from the contribution of properties to current or future co-investment ventures;

• | proceeds from the sale of a portion of our investments in co-investment ventures to align with long-term ownership targets;

• | borrowing capacity under our current credit facility arrangements ($3.9 billion available at March 31, 2019); and

• | proceeds from the issuance of debt.

We may also generate proceeds from the issuance of equity securities, subject to market conditions.

Debt

The following table summarizes information about our consolidated debt by currency (dollars in millions):

|  | March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |
|  | Weighted Average Interest Rate |  |  | Amount Outstanding |  |  | % of Total |  |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate |  |  | Amount Outstanding |  |  | % of Total |
British pound sterling |  |  | 2.3 | % |  | $ | 677 |  |  |  | 6.3 | % |  |  | 2.3 | % |  | $ | 636 |  |  |  | 5.8 | %
Canadian dollar |  |  | 3.4 | % |  |  | 272 |  |  |  | 2.5 | % |  |  | 3.6 | % |  |  | 266 |  |  |  | 2.4 | %
Euro |  |  | 2.2 | % |  |  | 4,803 |  |  |  | 44.9 | % |  |  | 2.2 | % |  |  | 4,894 |  |  |  | 44.1 | %
Japanese yen |  |  | 0.7 | % |  |  | 2,182 |  |  |  | 20.4 | % |  |  | 0.9 | % |  |  | 1,952 |  |  |  | 17.6 | %
U.S. dollar |  |  | 4.7 | % |  |  | 2,772 |  |  |  | 25.9 | % |  |  | 4.5 | % |  |  | 3,342 |  |  |  | 30.1 | %
Total debt (1) |  |  | 2.6 | % |  | $ | 10,706 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.7 | % |  | $ | 11,090 |  |  |  |  |

(1) | The weighted average maturity for total debt outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was 79 months and 76 months, respectively.

Our credit ratings at March 31, 2019, were A3 from Moody’s and A- from S&P, both with stable outlook. These ratings allow us to borrow at an advantageous rate. Adverse changes in our credit ratings could negatively impact our business and, in particular, our refinancing and other capital market activities, our ability to manage debt maturities, our future growth and our development and acquisition activity. A securities rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and is subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating organization.

At March 31, 2019, we were in compliance with all of our financial debt covenants. These covenants include customary financial covenants for total debt, encumbered debt and fixed charge coverage ratios.

See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion on our debt.

Equity Commitments Related to Certain Co-Investment Ventures

Certain co-investment ventures have equity commitments from us and our venture partners. Our venture partners fulfill their equity commitment with cash. We may fulfill our equity commitment through contributions of properties or cash.

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The following table summarizes the remaining equity commitments at March 31, 2019 (dollars in millions):

| Equity Commitments |  |  |  |  |
| Prologis |  |  | Venture Partners |  |  | Total |  |  | Exchange Rate |  | Expiration Date
Prologis Targeted U.S. Logistics Fund | $ | - |  |  | $ | 767 |  |  | $ | 767 |  |  | N/A |  | 2021 – 2022
Prologis European Logistics Fund |  | - |  |  |  | 954 |  |  |  | 954 |  |  | 1.12 U.S. dollar/ 1 euro |  | 2020 – 2022
Prologis UK Logistics Venture |  | 18 |  |  |  | 101 |  |  |  | 119 |  |  | 1.31 U.S. dollar/ 1 British pound sterling |  | 2021
Prologis China Logistics Venture |  | 214 |  |  |  | 1,212 |  |  |  | 1,426 |  |  | N/A |  | 2020 – 2024
Prologis Brazil Logistics Venture |  | 51 |  |  |  | 206 |  |  |  | 257 |  |  | 3.90 Brazilian real/ 1 U.S. dollar |  | 2026
Total | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | 3,240 |  |  | $ | 3,523 |  |  |  |  |

See the Cash Flow Summary below for more information about our investment activity in our co-investment ventures.

Cash Flow Summary

The following table summarizes our cash flow activity for the three months ended March 31 (in millions):

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | $ | 495 |  |  | $ | 349 |
Net cash provided by investing activities |  | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | 152 |
Net cash used in financing activities |  | $ | (749 | ) |  | $ | (496 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including the effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash |  | $ | (93 | ) |  | $ | 11 |

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities, exclusive of changes in receivables and payables, is impacted by the following significant activity during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:

• | Real estate operations. We receive the majority of our operating cash through the net revenues of our Real Estate Operations segment. See the Results of Operations section above for further explanation of our Real Estate Operations segment. The revenues from this segment include noncash adjustments for straight-lined rents and amortization of above and below market leases of $28 million and $15 million for 2019 and 2018, respectively.

• | Strategic capital. We also generate operating cash through our Strategic Capital segment by providing management services to our unconsolidated co-investment ventures. See the Results of Operations section above for the key drivers of net revenues from our Strategic Capital segment. Included in Strategic Capital Revenues is the third-party investors’ share of the total promote revenue, which is recognized in operating activities in the period it is received.

• | G&A expenses and equity-based compensation awards. We incurred $69 million and $63 million of G&A expenses in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Included in these amounts are equity-based, noncash compensation expenses of $32 million and $20 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively, which were recorded to Rental Expenses in the Real Estate Operations segment, Strategic Capital Expenses in the Strategic Capital segment and G&A Expenses.

• | Operating distributions from unconsolidated entities. We received $96 million and $85 million of distributions from our unconsolidated entities in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Certain unconsolidated co-investment ventures distribute the total promote, including our share which is recorded to Investment In and Advances to Unconsolidated Entities, and is included in operating activities in the period it is received.

• | Cash paid for interest and income taxes. As disclosed in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, we paid combined amounts for interest and income taxes, net of amounts received, of $122 million and $108 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Investing Activities

Cash provided by investing activities is driven by proceeds from contributions and dispositions of real estate properties, including the contribution of the initial portfolio of properties to PBLV. Cash used in investing activities is principally driven by our investments in real estate development, acquisitions and capital expenditures. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on these real estate activities. The following significant transactions also impacted our cash provided by investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:

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• | Investments in and adv ances to. We invested cash in our unconsolidated co-investment entities, which represents our proportionate share of $76 million and $52 million in 201 9 and 201 8, respectively. The ventures use the funds for the acquisition of operating properties, development and repayment of debt. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail on our unconsolidated co-investment ventures.

• | Return of investment. We received distributions from unconsolidated co-investment entities as a return of investment of $356 million and $111 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Included in these amounts were proceeds generated from property sales, debt refinancing and sales or redemption of our investment in unconsolidated entities.

• | Proceeds from repayment of notes receivable backed by real estate. We received $34 million in 2018 for the repayment of notes received in connection with the disposition of real estate to a third party in 2017.

• | Settlement of net investment hedges. We paid $19 million on the settlement of net investment hedges during 2019. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on our derivative transactions.

Financing Activities

Cash provided by and used in financing activities is primarily driven by proceeds from and payments on credit facilities and other debt, along with dividends paid on common and preferred stock and noncontrolling interest contributions and distributions.

Our repurchase of and payments on debt and proceeds from the issuance of debt consisted of the following activity for the three months ended March 31 (in millions):

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Repurchase of and payments on debt (including extinguishment costs) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Regularly scheduled debt principal payments and payments at maturity |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Secured mortgage debt |  |  | - |  |  |  | 35 |
Term loans |  |  | 1,397 |  |  |  | 659 |
Total |  | $ | 1,418 |  |  | $ | 696 |
Proceeds from the issuance of debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior notes |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 496 |
Secured mortgage debt |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | 32 |
Term loans |  |  | 896 |  |  |  | - |
Total |  | $ | 1,145 |  |  | $ | 528 |

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Unconsolidated Co-Investment Venture Debt

We had investments in and advances to unconsolidated co-investment ventures, at March 31, 2019, of $5.3 billion. These ventures had total third-party debt of $8.7 billion at March 31, 2019. The weighted average loan-to-value ratio for all unconsolidated co-investment ventures was 28.1% at March 31, 2019. Loan-to-value, a non-GAAP measure, was calculated as the percentage of total third-party debt to the gross book value of real estate for each venture and weighted based on the cumulative gross book value of all unconsolidated co-investment ventures.

At March 31, 2019, we did not guarantee any third-party debt of the unconsolidated co-investment ventures.

Contractual Obligations

Dividend and Distribution Requirements

Our dividend policy on our common stock is to distribute a percentage of our cash flow to ensure that we will meet the dividend requirements of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”), relative to maintaining our REIT status, while still allowing us to retain cash to fund capital improvements and other investment activities.

Under the IRC, REITs may be subject to certain federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed taxable income.

We paid a cash dividend of $0.53 per common share in the first quarter of 2019. Our future common stock dividends, if and as declared, may vary and will be determined by the board of directors (“Board”) upon the circumstances prevailing at the time, including our financial condition, operating results and REIT distribution requirements, and may be adjusted at the discretion of the Board during the year.

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We make distributions on the common limited partnership units outstanding at the same per unit amount as our common stock dividend. The Class A Units in Prologis, L.P. are entitled to a quarterly distribution eq ual to $0.64665 per unit so long as the common units receive a quarterly distribution of at least $0.40 per unit. We paid a quarterly distribution of $0.64665 per Class A Unit in the first quarter of 201 9.

At March 31, 2019, we had one series of preferred stock outstanding, the series Q. The annual dividend rate is 8.54% per share and dividends are payable quarterly in arrears.

Pursuant to the terms of our preferred stock, we are restricted from declaring or paying any dividend with respect to our common stock unless and until all cumulative dividends with respect to the preferred stock have been paid and sufficient funds have been set aside for dividends that have been declared for the relevant dividend period with respect to the preferred stock.

Other Commitments

On a continuing basis, we are engaged in various stages of negotiations for the acquisition or disposition of individual properties or portfolios of properties.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

FUNDS FROM OPERATIONS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS/UNITHOLDERS (“FFO”)

FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure that is commonly used in the real estate industry. The most directly comparable GAAP measure to FFO is net earnings.

The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) defines FFO as earnings computed under GAAP to exclude historical cost depreciation and gains and losses from the sales, along with impairment charges, of previously depreciated properties. We also exclude the gains on revaluation of equity investments upon acquisition of a controlling interest and the gain recognized from a partial sale of our investment, as these are similar to gains from the sales of previously depreciated properties. We exclude similar adjustments from our unconsolidated entities and the third parties’ share of our consolidated co-investment ventures.

Our FFO Measures

Our FFO measures begin with NAREIT’s definition and we make certain adjustments to reflect our business and the way that management plans and executes our business strategy. While not infrequent or unusual, the additional items we adjust for in calculating FFO, as modified by Prologis and Core FFO, both as defined below, are subject to significant fluctuations from period to period. Although these items may have a material impact on our operations and are reflected in our financial statements, the removal of the effects of these items allows us to better understand the core operating performance of our properties over the long term. These items have both positive and negative short-term effects on our results of operations in inconsistent and unpredictable directions that are not relevant to our long-term outlook.

We calculate our FFO measures, as defined below, based on our proportionate ownership share of both our unconsolidated and consolidated ventures. We reflect our share of our FFO measures for unconsolidated ventures by applying our average ownership percentage for the period to the applicable reconciling items on an entity by entity basis. We reflect our share for consolidated ventures in which we do not own 100% of the equity by adjusting our FFO measures to remove the noncontrolling interests share of the applicable reconciling items based on our average ownership percentage for the applicable periods.

These FFO measures are used by management as supplemental financial measures of operating performance and we believe that it is important that stockholders, potential investors and financial analysts understand the measures management uses. We do not use our FFO measures as, nor should they be considered to be, alternatives to net earnings computed under GAAP, as indicators of our operating performance, as alternatives to cash from operating activities computed under GAAP or as indicators of our ability to fund our cash needs.

We analyze our operating performance principally by the rental revenues of our real estate and the revenues from our strategic capital business, net of operating, administrative and financing expenses. This income stream is not directly impacted by fluctuations in the market value of our investments in real estate or debt securities.

FFO, as modified by Prologis attributable to common stockholders/unitholders (“FFO, as modified by Prologis”)

To arrive at FFO, as modified by Prologis, we adjust the NAREIT defined FFO measure to exclude the impact of foreign currency related items and deferred tax, specifically:

• | deferred income tax benefits and deferred income tax expenses recognized by our subsidiaries;

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• | current income tax expense related to acquired tax liabilities that were recorded as deferred tax liabilities in an acquisition, to the extent the expense is offset with a deferred income tax benefit in earnings that is excluded from our defined FFO measure;

• | unhedged foreign currency exchange gains and losses resulting from debt transactions between us and our foreign consolidated subsidiaries and our foreign unconsolidated entities;

• | foreign currency exchange gains and losses from the remeasurement (based on current foreign currency exchange rates) of certain third-party debt of our foreign consolidated and unconsolidated entities; and

• | mark-to-market adjustments associated with derivative financial instruments.

We use FFO, as modified by Prologis, so that management, analysts and investors are able to evaluate our performance against other REITs that do not have similar operations or operations in jurisdictions outside the U.S.

Core FFO attributable to common stockholders/unitholders (“Core FFO”)

In addition to FFO, as modified by Prologis, we also use Core FFO. To arrive at Core FFO, we adjust FFO, as modified by Prologis, to exclude the following recurring and nonrecurring items that we recognized directly in FFO, as modified by Prologis:

• | gains or losses from the disposition of land and development properties that were developed with the intent to contribute or sell;

• | income tax expense related to the sale of investments in real estate;

• | impairment charges recognized related to our investments in real estate generally as a result of our change in intent to contribute or sell these properties;

• | gains or losses from the early extinguishment of debt and redemption and repurchase of preferred stock; and

• | expenses related to natural disasters.

We use Core FFO, including by segment and region, to: (i) assess our operating performance as compared to other real estate companies; (ii) evaluate our performance and the performance of our properties in comparison with expected results and results of previous periods; (iii) evaluate the performance of our management; (iv) budget and forecast future results to assist in the allocation of resources; (v) provide guidance to the financial markets to understand our expected operating performance; and (vi) evaluate how a specific potential investment will impact our future results.

Limitations on the use of our FFO measures

While we believe our modified FFO measures are important supplemental measures, neither NAREIT’s nor our measures of FFO should be used alone because they exclude significant economic components of net earnings computed under GAAP and are, therefore, limited as an analytical tool. Accordingly, these are only a few of the many measures we use when analyzing our business. Some of the limitations are:

• | The current income tax expenses that are excluded from our modified FFO measures represent the taxes and transaction costs that are payable.

• | Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets are economic costs that are excluded from FFO. FFO is limited, as it does not reflect the cash requirements that may be necessary for future replacements of the real estate assets. Furthermore, the amortization of capital expenditures and leasing costs necessary to maintain the operating performance of logistics facilities are not reflected in FFO.

• | Gains or losses from non-development property dispositions and impairment charges related to expected dispositions represent changes in value of the properties. By excluding these gains and losses, FFO does not capture realized changes in the value of disposed properties arising from changes in market conditions.

• | The deferred income tax benefits and expenses that are excluded from our modified FFO measures result from the creation of a deferred income tax asset or liability that may have to be settled at some future point. Our modified FFO measures do not currently reflect any income or expense that may result from such settlement.

• | The foreign currency exchange gains and losses that are excluded from our modified FFO measures are generally recognized based on movements in foreign currency exchange rates through a specific point in time. The ultimate settlement of our foreign currency-denominated net assets is indefinite as to timing and amount. Our FFO measures are limited in that they do not reflect the current period changes in these net assets that result from periodic foreign currency exchange rate movements.

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• | The gains and losses on extinguishment of debt or preferred stock that we exclude from our Core FFO, may provide a benefit or cost to us as we may be settling our obligation at less or more than our future obligation.

• | The natural disaster expenses that we exclude from Core FFO are costs that we have incurred.

We compensate for these limitations by using our FFO measures only in conjunction with net earnings computed under GAAP when making our decisions. This information should be read with our complete Consolidated Financial Statements prepared under GAAP. To assist investors in compensating for these limitations, we reconcile our modified FFO measures to our net earnings computed under GAAP for three months ended March 31 as follows (in millions):

|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Reconciliation of net earnings attributable to common stockholders to FFO measures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings attributable to common stockholders |  | $ | 347 |  |  | $ | 366 |
Add (deduct) NAREIT defined adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate related depreciation and amortization |  |  | 275 |  |  |  | 196 |
Gains on real estate transactions, net (excluding development properties and land) |  |  | (146 | ) |  |  | (37 | )
Reconciling items related to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  | (10 | )
Our share of reconciling items included in earnings related to unconsolidated entities |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 52 |
NAREIT defined FFO |  |  | 519 |  |  |  | 567 |
Add (deduct) our modified adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized foreign currency and derivative losses (gains), net |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | 34 |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (2 | )
Current income tax expense related to acquired tax liabilities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |
Our share of reconciling items included in earnings related to unconsolidated entities |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (2 | )
FFO, as modified by Prologis |  |  | 512 |  |  |  | 598 |
Adjustments to arrive at Core FFO: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gains on dispositions of development properties and land, net |  |  | (42 | ) |  |  | (158 | )
Current income tax expense on dispositions |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 7 |
Losses on early extinguishment of debt, net |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1 |
Reconciling items related to noncontrolling interests |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1 | )
Our share of reconciling items included in earnings related to unconsolidated entities |  |  | - |  |  |  | (4 | )
Core FFO |  | $ | 474 |  |  | $ | 443 |

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to the impact of foreign exchange-related variability and earnings volatility on our foreign investments and interest rate changes. See our risk factors in Part 1, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. See also Note 10 in the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 for more information about our foreign operations and derivative financial instruments.

We monitor our market risk exposures using a sensitivity analysis. Our sensitivity analysis estimates the exposure to market risk sensitive instruments assuming a hypothetical 10% adverse change in foreign currency exchange rates or interest rates at March 31, 2019. The results of the sensitivity analysis are summarized in the following sections. The sensitivity analysis is of limited predictive value. As a result, revenues and expenses, as well as our ultimate realized gains or losses with respect to foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations will depend on the exposures that arise during a future period, hedging strategies at the time and the prevailing foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.

Foreign Currency Risk

We are exposed to foreign currency exchange variability related to investments in and earnings from our foreign investments. Foreign currency market risk is the possibility that our results of operations or financial position could be better or worse than planned because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We primarily hedge our foreign currency risk by borrowing in the currencies in which we invest thereby providing a natural hedge. We may designate the debt as a nonderivative net investment hedge. We may also hedge our foreign currency risk by entering into derivative financial instruments that we designate as net investment hedges, as these amounts offset the translation adjustments on the underlying net assets of our foreign investments. At March 31, 2019, after consideration of our derivative and nonderivative financial instruments as discussed in Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, we had minimal net equity denominated in a currency other than the U.S. dollar.

For the quarter ended March 31, 2019, $89 million or 11.5% of our total consolidated revenue was denominated in foreign currencies. We enter into other foreign currency contracts, such as forwards, to reduce fluctuations in foreign currency associated with the

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translation of the future earnings of our international subsidiaries. We have British pound sterling, Canadian dollar, euro and Japanese yen forward contracts, which were not designated as hedges, and have an aggregate notional amount of $691 million to mitigate risk associ ated with the translation of the future earnings of our subsidiaries denominated in these currencies. Although the impact to net earnings is mitigated through higher translated U.S. dollar earnings from these currencies, a weakening of the U.S. dollar agai nst these currencies by 10% w ould result in a $69 million cash payment on settlement of these contracts.

Interest Rate Risk

We are also exposed to the impact of interest rate changes on future earnings and cash flows. To mitigate that risk, we generally borrow with fixed rate debt and we may use derivative instruments to fix the interest rate on our variable rate debt. At March 31, 2019, $9.2 billion of our debt bore interest at fixed rates and therefore the fair value of these instruments is affected by changes in market interest rates. At March 31, 2019, $1.5 billion of our debt bore interest at variable rates. The following table summarizes the principal payments, including net premium and debt issuance costs, by maturity date at March 31, 2019 (dollars in millions):

| 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Thereafter |  |  | Total |  |  | Fair Value |
Fixed rate debt (1) | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | 1,123 |  |  | $ | 804 |  |  | $ | 788 |  |  | $ | 6,274 |  |  | $ | 9,234 |  |  | $ | 9,817 |
Weighted average interest rate (2) |  | 7.6 | % |  |  | 0.8 | % |  |  | 1.7 | % |  |  | 3.1 | % |  |  | 3.2 | % |  |  | 2.9 | % |  |  |  |
Variable rate debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit facilities | $ | - |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 26 |
Term loans |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,111 |  |  |  | 1,111 |  |  |  | 1,121 |
Secured mortgage debt |  | - |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 199 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 126 |  |  |  | 335 |  |  |  | 335 |
Total variable rate debt | $ | - |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 199 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,237 |  |  | $ | 1,472 |  |  | $ | 1,482 |

(1) | At March 31, 2019, we had interest rate swap agreements to fix €400 million ($500 million) of our floating rate euro senior notes, which are included in fixed rate debt.

(2) | The interest rates represent the effective interest rates (including amortization of the debt issuance costs and the noncash premiums and discounts) at March 31, 2019 for the debt outstanding and include the impact of interest rate swaps, which effectively fix the interest rate on our variable rate debt.

At March 31, 2019, the weighted average effective interest rate on our variable rate debt was 0.8%. Changes in interest rates can cause interest expense to fluctuate on our variable rate debt. On the basis of our sensitivity analysis, a 10% increase in interest rates based on our average outstanding variable rate debt balances, not subject to interest rate swap agreements, would result in additional annual interest expense of $1 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, which equates to a change in interest rates of 8 basis points.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Controls and Procedures (The Parent)

The Parent carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-14(c)) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) at March 31, 2019. On the basis of this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and forms.

Controls and Procedures (The OP)

The OP carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-14(c)) under the Exchange Act at March 31, 2019. On the basis of this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms.

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PAR T II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

Prologis and our unconsolidated entities are party to a variety of legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. With respect to any such matters to which we are currently a party, the ultimate disposition of any such matters will not result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or results of operations.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

At March 31, 2019, no material changes had occurred in our risk factors as discussed in Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, we issued 0.4 million shares of common stock of the Parent in connection with the redemption of common units of the OP in reliance on the exemption from registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, afforded by Section 4(a)(2) thereof.

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

ITEM 5. Other Information

None.

ITEM 6. Exhibits

The exhibits required by this item are set forth on the Exhibit Index attached hereto.

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Certain of the following documents are filed herewith. Certain other of the following documents that have been previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and, pursuant to Rule 12-b-32, are incorporated herein by reference.

4.1† | Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of March 26, 2019 among Prologis Yen Finance LLC, Prologis, L.P. and U.S. Bank National Association as trustee, transfer agent, paying agent and security registrar.
4.2† | Form of 1.15% Notes due 2039.
4.3† | Officer’s Certificate related to the 1.15% Notes due 2039.
10.1 | Term Loan Agreement dated as of March 4, 2019 among Prologis GK Holdings Y.K., as borrower, Prologis, L.P., as guarantor, the lenders party thereto, and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Prologis’ Current Report Form 8-K filed on March 6, 2019).
10.2 | Guaranty of Payment dated as of March 4, 2019 between Prologis, L.P., as guarantor, and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, as Administrative Agent, for the lenders that are from time to time parties to the Term Loan Agreement dated as of March 4, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Prologis’ Current Report Form 8-K filed on March 6, 2019).
15.1† | KPMG LLP Awareness Letter of Prologis, Inc.
15.2† | KPMG LLP Awareness Letter of Prologis, L.P.
31.1† | Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Prologis, Inc.
31.2† | Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Prologis, Inc.
31.3† | Certification of Chief Executive Officer for Prologis, L.P.
31.4† | Certification of Chief Financial Officer for Prologis, L.P.
32.1† | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Prologis, Inc., pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2† | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer for Prologis, L.P., pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS† | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH† | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL† | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF† | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB† | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE† | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
† | Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the registrants have duly caused this report to be signed on their behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

PROLOGIS, INC.
By: | /s/ Thomas S. Olinger
| Thomas S. Olinger
| Chief Financial Officer
By: | /s/ Lori A. Palazzolo
| Lori A. Palazzolo
| Managing Director and Chief Accounting Officer
PROLOGIS, L.P.
By: | Prologis, Inc., its general partner
By: | /s/ Thomas S. Olinger
| Thomas S. Olinger
| Chief Financial Officer
By: | /s/ Lori A. Palazzolo
| Lori A. Palazzolo
| Managing Director and Chief Accounting Officer

Date: April 22, 2019

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