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INCOME TAXES: (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
INCOME TAXES: |
Components of the provision for income taxes | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
U.S. federal and state: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 2.6
Deferred | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (13.0)
Uncertain tax positions | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1.3) | ​ |  | —
​ | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1.3) | ​ |  | (10.4)
Foreign (Peru and Mexico): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Current | ​ |  | 1,237.9 | ​ |  | 966.3 | ​ |  | 1,102.4
Deferred | ​ | ​ | (63.5) | ​ |  | (30.1) | ​ |  | (38.5)
Uncertain tax positions | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 10.4 | ​ |  | —
​ | ​ |  | 1,174.4 | ​ |  | 946.6 | ​ |  | 1,063.9
Total provision for income taxes | ​ | $ | 1,174.4 | ​ | $ | 945.3 | ​ | $ | 1,053.5
Schedule of source of income | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Earnings by location: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
U.S. | ​ | $ | (15.3) | ​ | $ | (1.9) | ​ | $ | (2.3)
Foreign | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Peru | ​ |  | 723.9 | ​ |  | 513.0 | ​ |  | 441.8
Mexico | ​ |  | 2,037.2 | ​ |  | 1,915.4 | ​ |  | 2,149.9
​ | ​ |  | 2,761.1 | ​ |  | 2,428.4 | ​ |  | 2,591.7
Earnings before taxes on income | ​ | $ | 2,745.8 | ​ | $ | 2,426.5 | ​ | $ | 2,589.4
Reconciliation of the statutory income tax rate to the effective tax rate | The reconciliation of the statutory income tax rate to the effective tax rate for the three years ended December 31, 2020, is as follows (in percentage points):
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Expected tax at U.S. statutory rate |  | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | %
Foreign tax at other than statutory rate, net of foreign tax credit benefit (1) |  | 13.7 | ​ | 14.0 | ​ | 13.9 | ​
Percentage depletion |  | (2.2) | ​ | (2.7) | ​ | (2.1) | ​
Other permanent differences |  | 0.1 | ​ | 0.1 | ​ | 0.4 | ​
Change in 2017 valuation allowance on U.S. deferred tax assets, foreign tax credits and U.S. tax effect on Peruvian deferred taxes | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 7.5 | ​
Additional valuation allowance on 2018 U.S. deferred tax assets, foreign tax credits and U.S. tax effect on Peruvian deferred taxes | ​ | 8.9 | ​ | 10.1 | ​ | 1.0 | ​
Decrease in 2017 U.S. deferred tax asset due to tax rate changes | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | (0.2) | ​
U.S. one time transition tax on accumulated foreign earnings | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 0.4 | ​
Increase (decrease) in unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions |  | (0.1) | ​ | (2.1) | ​ | — | ​
Amounts (over) / under provided in prior years |  | (0.1) | ​ | (1.1) | ​ | (1.3) | ​
Other |  | 1.5 | ​ | (0.3) | ​ | 0.1 | ​
Effective income tax rate |  | 42.8 | % | 39.0 | % | 40.7 | %
(1) | Foreign tax at other than statutory rates, net of foreign tax credit benefit, also includes the effects of permanent differences in Peru and Mexico, that are determined at the local statutory rate.
Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At December 31,
(in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Assets: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Inventories | ​ | $ | 62.4 | ​ | $ | 55.7
Capitalized exploration expenses | ​ |  | 13.0 | ​ |  | 14.0
U.S. foreign tax credit carryforward, net of FIN 48 liability | ​ |  | 974.1 | ​ |  | 731.8
U.S. tax effect of Peruvian deferred tax liability | ​ |  | 111.2 | ​ |  | 131.3
Provisions | ​ |  | 169.5 | ​ |  | 145.0
Mexican tax on consolidated dividends | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 9.0
Deferred workers participation | ​ | ​ | 37.8 | ​ | ​ | 24.7
Accrued salaries, wages and vacations | ​ | ​ | 8.5 | ​ | ​ | 10.0
Sales price adjustment (PUI) | ​ | ​ | (5.8) | ​ | ​ | 3.0
Social responsibility expenses | ​ | ​ | 4.3 | ​ | ​ | 2.1
Deferred charges | ​ | ​ | 41.8 | ​ | ​ | 14.5
Valuation allowance on U.S. deferred tax assets, foreign tax credits and U.S. tax effect on Peruvian deferred | ​ | ​ | (1,343.2) | ​ | ​ | (1,097.0)
Other | ​ |  | 19.5 | ​ |  | 9.9
Total deferred tax assets | ​ |  | 93.1 | ​ |  | 54.0
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | At December 31,
(in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Property, plant and equipment | ​ |  | (17.2) | ​ |  | (45.4)
Other | ​ |  | (5.3) | ​ |  | (3.0)
Total deferred tax liabilities | ​ |  | (22.5) | ​ |  | (48.4)
Total net deferred tax (liabilities) / assets | ​ | $ | 70.6 | ​ | $ | 5.6
Summary of expiry of foreign tax credits | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Year |  | Amount
2023 | ​ |  | 39.4
2024 | ​ |  | 102.0
2025 | ​ | ​ | 189.5
2026 | ​ | ​ | 107.0
2027 | ​ | ​ | —
2028 | ​ | ​ | 159.6
2029 | ​ | ​ | 204.9
2030 | ​ | ​ | 237.6
Total | ​ | $ | 1,040.0
Schedule of reconciliation of amount of unrecognized tax benefits | The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits in 2020, 2019 and 2018, was as follows (in millions): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Unrecognized tax benefits, opening balance | ​ | $ | 58.4 | ​ | $ | 214.5 | ​ | $ | 214.5
Gross increases—tax positions in prior period | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (7.5) | ​ |  | —
Gross increases—current-period tax positions | ​ |  | 7.7 | ​ |  | (4.2) | ​ |  | —
Decreases related to settlements with taxing authorities | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (144.4) | ​ |  | —
​ | ​ |  | 7.7 | ​ |  | (156.1) | ​ |  | —
Unrecognized tax benefits, ending balance | ​ | $ | 66.1 | ​ | $ | 58.4 | ​ | $ | 214.5
Summary of tax years remaining open to examination and adjustment in major tax jurisdictions | ​
​ | ​ | ​
Peru: |  | 2014 and all subsequent years
U.S.: | ​ | 2014 and all subsequent years
Mexico: | ​ | 2015 and all subsequent years

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