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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
_________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
_________________________________________________________
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023
- OR -

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-31553
CME GROUP INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  |  |  | 36-4459170
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
20 South Wacker Drive | Chicago | Illinois |  | 60606
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(312) 930-1000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock | CME | The Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
The number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock as of April 12, 2023 was as follows: 359,714,515 shares of Class A common stock, $0.01 par value; 625 shares of Class B-1 common stock, $0.01 par value; 813 shares of Class B-2 common stock, $0.01 par value; 1,287 shares of Class B-3 common stock, $0.01 par value; and 413 shares of Class B-4 common stock, $0.01 par value.
1

Table of Contents
CME GROUP INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX

|  | Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 3
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 5
| Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 202 3 and December 31, 202 2 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Income for the Quarters Ended March 31, 202 3 and 202 2 | 6
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Quarters Ended March 31, 202 3 and 202 2 | 7
| Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Quarters Ended March 31, 202 3 and 202 2 | 8
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Quarters Ended March 31, 202 3 and 202 2 | 10
| Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements | 12
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 30
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 30
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | 30
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 30
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 30
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 30
Item 6. | Exhibits | 31
SIGNATURES | 32

2

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Certain Terms
All references to “options” or “options contracts” in the text of this document refer to options on futures contracts.
Further information about CME Group and its products can be found at http://www.cmegroup.com. Information made available on our website does not constitute a part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Information about Contract Volume and Average Rate per Contract
All amounts regarding contract volume and average rate per contract are for CME Group's listed futures and options on futures contracts unless otherwise noted.
Trademark Information
CME Group, the Globe logo, CME, Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Globex, and E-mini are trademarks of Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. CBOT and Chicago Board of Trade are trademarks of Board of Trade of the City of Chicago, Inc. NYMEX, New York Mercantile Exchange and ClearPort are trademarks of New York Mercantile Exchange, Inc. COMEX is a trademark of Commodity Exchange, Inc. NEX, BrokerTec and EBS are trademarks of various entities of NEX Group Limited (NEX). Dow Jones, Dow Jones Industrial Average, S&P 500 and S&P are service and/or trademarks of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC, Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC and S&P/Dow Jones Indices LLC, as the case may be, and have been licensed for use by Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. ("CME"). All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Forward-Looking Statements
From time to time, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as in other written reports and verbal statements, we discuss our expectations regarding future performance. These forward-looking statements are identified by their use of terms and phrases such as "believe," "anticipate," "could," "estimate," "intend," "may," "plan," "expect" and similar expressions, including references to assumptions. These forward-looking statements are based on currently available competitive, financial and economic data, current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the industries in which we operate and management's beliefs and assumptions. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements. We want to caution you not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Among the factors that might affect our performance are:
•increasing competition by foreign and domestic entities, including increased competition from new entrants into our markets and consolidation of existing entities;
•our ability to keep pace with rapid technological developments, including our ability to complete the development, implementation and maintenance of the enhanced functionality required by our customers while maintaining reliability and ensuring that such technology is not vulnerable to security risks;
•our ability to continue introducing competitive new products and services on a timely, cost-effective basis, including through our electronic trading capabilities, and our ability to maintain the competitiveness of our existing products and services;
•our ability to adjust our fixed costs and expenses if our revenues decline;
•our ability to maintain existing customers at substantially similar trading levels, develop strategic relationships and attract new customers;
•our ability to expand and globally offer our products and services;
•changes in regulations, including the impact of any changes in laws or government policies with respect to our products or services or our industry, such as any changes to regulations and policies that require increased financial and operational resources from us or our customers;
•the costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights and our ability to operate our business without violating the intellectual property rights of others;
•decreases in revenue from our market data as a result of decreased demand or changes to regulations in various jurisdictions;
•changes in our rate per contract due to shifts in the mix of the products traded, the trading venue and the mix of customers (whether the customer receives member or non-member fees or participates in one of our various incentive programs) and the impact of our tiered pricing structure;
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•the ability of our credit and liquidity risk management practices to adequately protect us from the credit risks of clearing members and other counterparties, and to satisfy the margin and liquidity requirements associated with the BrokerTec matched principal business;
•the ability of our compliance and risk management programs to effectively monitor and manage our risks, including our ability to prevent errors and misconduct and protect our infrastructure against security breaches and misappropriation of our intellectual property assets;
•our dependence on third-party providers and exposure to risk through third parties, including risks related to the performance, reliability and security of technology used by our third-party providers and third-party providers that our clients rely on;
•volatility in commodity, equity and fixed income prices, and price volatility of financial benchmarks and instruments such as interest rates, credit spreads, equity indices, fixed income instruments and foreign exchange rates;
•economic, social, political and market conditions, including the volatility of the capital and credit markets and the impact of economic conditions on the trading activity of our current and potential customers;
•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and response by governments and other third parties;
•our ability to accommodate increases in contract volume and order transaction traffic and to implement enhancements without failure or degradation of the performance of our trading and clearing systems;
•our ability to execute our growth strategy and maintain our growth effectively;
•our ability to manage the risks, control the costs and achieve the synergies associated with our strategy for acquisitions, investments and alliances, including those associated with the performance of our joint ventures with S&P Dow Jones (S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC) in index services and in trade processing/post trade services OSTTRA), our primary data distribution partners’ actions and our partnership with Google Cloud;
•variances in earnings on cash accounts and collateral that our clearing house holds for its clients;
•impact of CME Group pricing and incentive changes;
•impact of aggregation services and internalization on trade flow and volumes;
•any negative financial impacts from changes to the terms of intellectual property and index rights;
•uncertainty related to the adoption and growth of SOFR and its impact on our business;
•our ability to continue to generate funds and/or manage our indebtedness to allow us to continue to invest in our business;
•industry, channel partner and customer consolidation;
•decreases in trading and clearing activity;
•the imposition of a transaction tax or user fee on futures and options transactions and/or repeal of the 60/40 tax treatment of such transactions;
•our ability to maintain our brand and reputation; and
•the unfavorable resolution of material legal proceedings.
For a detailed discussion of these and other factors that might affect our performance, see Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2023 and Item 1A. in Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CME GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(dollars in millions, except par value data; shares in thousands)

|  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
|  | (unaudited) |  |
Assets |  |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 1,565.2 |  |  | $ | 2,720.1 |
Marketable securities |  | 105.0 |  |  | 96.0 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $8.8 and $8.1 |  | 723.6 |  |  | 483.2 |
Other current assets (includes $5.1 and $4.9 in restricted cash) |  | 547.2 |  |  | 529.8 |
Performance bonds and guaranty fund contributions |  | 128,090.7 |  |  | 135,249.2 |
Total current assets |  | 131,031.7 |  |  | 139,078.3 |
Property, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $1,175.4 and $1,145.2 |  | 440.3 |  |  | 455.5 |
Intangible assets—trading products |  | 17,175.3 |  |  | 17,175.3 |
Intangible assets—other, net |  | 3,217.4 |  |  | 3,269.7 |
Goodwill |  | 10,490.5 |  |  | 10,482.5 |
Other assets (includes $0.0 and $0.1 in restricted cash) |  | 3,684.0 |  |  | 3,714.4 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 166,039.2 |  |  | $ | 174,175.7 |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 97.2 |  |  | $ | 121.4 |
Short-term debt |  | 16.3 |  |  | 16.0 |
Other current liabilities |  | 839.7 |  |  | 2,300.9 |
Performance bonds and guaranty fund contributions |  | 128,090.7 |  |  | 135,249.2 |
Total current liabilities |  | 129,043.9 |  |  | 137,687.5 |
Long-term debt |  | 3,423.1 |  |  | 3,422.4 |
Deferred income tax liabilities, net |  | 5,356.8 |  |  | 5,361.1 |
Other liabilities |  | 831.0 |  |  | 826.0 |
Total Liabilities |  | 138,654.8 |  |  | 147,297.0 |
Shareholders’ Equity: |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 4,584 issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 |  | — |  |  | — |
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 358,931 and 358,929 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively |  | 3.6 |  |  | 3.6 |
Class B common stock, $0.01 par value, 3 shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 |  | — |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 22,281.5 |  |  | 22,261.6 |
Retained earnings |  | 5,229.9 |  |  | 4,746.8 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (130.6) |  |  | (133.3) |
Total CME Group Shareholders’ Equity |  | 27,384.4 |  |  | 26,878.7 |
Total Liabilities and Equity |  | $ | 166,039.2 |  |  | $ | 174,175.7 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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CME GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(dollars in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands)
(unaudited)

|  |  |  | Quarter Ended
|  |  |  | March 31,
|  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Clearing and transaction fees |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,200.2 |  |  | $ | 1,138.1 |
Market data and information services |  |  |  |  |  | 165.8 |  |  | 151.7 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  | 75.6 |  |  | 56.8 |
Total Revenues |  |  |  |  |  | 1,441.6 |  |  | 1,346.6 |
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits |  |  |  |  |  | 204.5 |  |  | 185.2 |
Technology |  |  |  |  |  | 51.3 |  |  | 45.9 |
Professional fees and outside services |  |  |  |  |  | 38.3 |  |  | 31.8 |
Amortization of purchased intangibles |  |  |  |  |  | 56.8 |  |  | 58.4 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  | 31.9 |  |  | 33.5 |
Licensing and other fee agreements |  |  |  |  |  | 84.7 |  |  | 80.9 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  | 60.4 |  |  | 51.8 |
Total Expenses |  |  |  |  |  | 527.9 |  |  | 487.5 |
Operating Income |  |  |  |  |  | 913.7 |  |  | 859.1 |
Non-Operating Income (Expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment income |  |  |  |  |  | 1,357.7 |  |  | 73.1 |
Interest and other borrowing costs |  |  |  |  |  | (39.9) |  |  | (42.5) |
Equity in net earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  | 78.2 |  |  | 73.3 |
Other non-operating income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  | (1,152.8) |  |  | (46.7) |
Total Non-Operating Income (Expense) |  |  |  |  |  | 243.2 |  |  | 57.2 |
Income before Income Taxes |  |  |  |  |  | 1,156.9 |  |  | 916.3 |
Income tax provision |  |  |  |  |  | 273.1 |  |  | 205.3 |
Net Income |  |  |  |  |  | 883.8 |  |  | 711.0 |
Net Income Attributable to Common Shareholders of CME Group |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 872.7 |  |  | $ | 702.0 |
Earnings per Share Attributable to Common Shareholders of CME Group: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2.43 |  |  | $ | 1.96 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  | 2.43 |  |  | 1.95 |
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  |  | 358,933 |  |  | 358,609 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  | 359,313 |  |  | 359,180 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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CME GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in millions)
(unaudited)

|  |  |  | Quarter Ended
|  |  |  | March 31,
|  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 883.8 |  |  | $ | 711.0 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period |  |  |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | (1.3) |
Income tax benefit (expense) |  |  |  |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 0.3 |
Investment securities, net |  |  |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | (1.0) |
Defined benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in defined benefit plans arising during the period |  |  |  |  |  | (3.5) |  |  | (3.7) |
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses included in compensation and benefits expense |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |
Income tax benefit (expense) |  |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 0.9 |
Defined benefit plans, net |  |  |  |  |  | (2.6) |  |  | (2.5) |
Derivative investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification of net unrealized (gains) losses to interest expense and other non-operating income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  | (1.2) |  |  | 0.8 |
Income tax benefit (expense) |  |  |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | (0.2) |
Derivative investments, net |  |  |  |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | 0.6 |
Foreign currency translation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  |  |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | (22.6) |
Foreign currency translation, net |  |  |  |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | (22.6) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | (25.5) |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 886.5 |  |  | $ | 685.5 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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CME GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(dollars in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands)
(unaudited)

| Preferred Stock (Shares) |  | Class A Common Stock (Shares) |  | Class B Common Stock (Shares) |  | Preferred Stock, Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total CME Group Shareholders' Equity |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 4,584 |  |  | 358,929 |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 22,265.2 |  |  | $ | 4,746.8 |  |  | $ | (133.3) |  |  | $ | 26,878.7 |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 883.8 |  |  |  |  | 883.8 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  |  |
Dividends on common and preferred stock of $1.10 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (400.7) |  |  |  |  | (400.7) |  |  |  |  |
Vesting of issued restricted Class A common stock |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | (0.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.3) |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20.2 |  |  |  |  |
Balance at March 31, 2023 | 4,584 |  |  | 358,931 |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 22,285.1 |  |  | $ | 5,229.9 |  |  | $ | (130.6) |  |  | $ | 27,384.4 |  |  |  |  |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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CME GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (continued)
(dollars in millions, except per share data; shares in thousands)
(unaudited)

| Preferred Stock (Shares) |  | Class A Common Stock (Shares) |  | Class B Common Stock (Shares) |  | Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total CME Group Shareholders' Equity |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2021 | 4,584 |  |  | 358,599 |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 22,193.9 |  |  | $ | 5,151.9 |  |  | $ | 53.5 |  |  | $ | 27,399.3 |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 711.0 |  |  |  |  | 711.0 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (25.5) |  |  | (25.5) |  |  |  |  |
Dividends on common stock of $1.00 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (364.0) |  |  |  |  | (364.0) |  |  |  |  |
Vesting of issued restricted Class A common stock |  |  | 31 |  |  |  |  | (4.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4.3) |  |  |  |  |
Shares issued to Board of Directors |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20.0 |  |  |  |  |
Balance at March 31, 2022 | 4,584 |  |  | 358,631 |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 22,209.9 |  |  | $ | 5,498.9 |  |  | $ | 28.0 |  |  | $ | 27,736.8 |  |  |  |  |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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CME GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
(unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 883.8 |  |  | $ | 711.0 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | 20.2 |  |  | 20.0 |
Amortization of purchased intangibles |  | 56.8 |  |  | 58.4 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 31.9 |  |  | 33.5 |
Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses on investments |  | (74.8) |  |  | (3.5) |
Deferred income taxes |  | (8.7) |  |  | (5.1) |
Change in: |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | (241.2) |  |  | (174.0) |
Other current assets |  | 54.7 |  |  | (69.7) |
Other assets |  | 19.4 |  |  | 19.0 |
Accounts payable |  | (24.2) |  |  | 32.0 |
Income taxes payable |  | 282.5 |  |  | 165.9 |
Other current liabilities |  | (106.7) |  |  | 6.3 |
Other liabilities |  | (7.2) |  |  | (14.7) |
Other |  | 15.9 |  |  | 20.0 |
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities |  | 902.4 |  |  | 799.1 |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |  |
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale marketable securities |  | 0.7 |  |  | 2.7 |
Purchases of available-for-sale marketable securities |  | (0.3) |  |  | (2.2) |
Purchases of property, net |  | (15.2) |  |  | (23.4) |
Investments in privately-held equity investments |  | (2.4) |  |  | — |
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities |  | (17.2) |  |  | (22.9) |
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |  |  |  |
Proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs |  | — |  |  | 742.7 |
Repayment of debt, including call premium |  | — |  |  | (756.1) |
Cash dividends |  | (2,035.6) |  |  | (1,543.5) |
Change in performance bond and guaranty fund contributions |  | (7,158.5) |  |  | 9,787.1 |
Employee taxes paid on restricted stock vesting |  | (0.3) |  |  | (4.3) |
Other |  | (4.1) |  |  | (4.3) |
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities |  | (9,198.5) |  |  | 8,221.6 |

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CME GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
(in millions)
(unaudited)

|  | Quarter Ended March 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents |  | $ | (8,313.3) |  |  | $ | 8,997.8 |
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents, beginning of period |  | 137,974.3 |  |  | 160,789.9 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, End of Period |  | $ | 129,661.0 |  |  | $ | 169,787.7 |
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 1,565.2 |  |  | $ | 2,045.7 |
Short-term restricted cash |  | 5.1 |  |  | 4.8 |
Long-term restricted cash |  | — |  |  | 0.5 |
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents (performance bonds and guaranty fund contributions) |  | 128,090.7 |  |  | 167,736.7 |
Total |  | $ | 129,661.0 |  |  | $ | 169,787.7 |
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information |  |  |  |
Income taxes paid |  | $ | 30.9 |  |  | $ | 44.6 |
Interest paid |  | 41.1 |  |  | 43.4 |
Non-cash investing activities: |  |  |  |
Accrued proceeds from sale of investments |  | 97.9 |  |  | — |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements consist of CME Group Inc. (CME Group) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the company), including Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. (CME), Board of Trade of the City of Chicago, Inc. (CBOT), New York Mercantile Exchange, Inc. (NYMEX), Commodity Exchange, Inc. (COMEX) and NEX Group Limited (NEX). The clearing house is operated by CME.
The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared by CME Group without audit. Certain notes and other information normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present fairly the financial position of the company at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods indicated. Quarterly results are not necessarily indicative of results for any subsequent period.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in CME Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 27, 2023.
2. Revenue Recognition
The company generates revenue from customers from the following sources:
Clearing and transaction fees. Clearing and transaction fees include electronic trading fees and brokerage commissions, surcharges for privately-negotiated transactions, portfolio reconciliation and compression services, risk mitigation and other volume-related charges for trade contracts. Clearing and transaction fees are assessed upfront at the time of trade execution. As such, the company recognizes the majority of the fee revenue upon successful execution of the trade. The minimal remaining portion of the fee revenue related to settlement activities performed after trade execution is recognized over the short-term period that the contract is outstanding, based on management’s estimates of the average contract lifecycle. These estimates are based on various assumptions to approximate the amount of fee revenue to be attributed to services performed through contract settlement, expiration, or termination. For cleared trades, these assumptions include the average number of days that a contract remains in open interest, contract turnover, average revenue per day, and revenue remaining in open interest at the end of each period.
The nature of contracts gives rise to several types of variable consideration, including volume-based pricing tiers, customer incentives associated with market maker programs and other fee discounts. The company includes fee discounts and incentives in the estimated transaction price when there is a basis to reasonably estimate the amount of the fee reduction. These estimates are based on historical experience, anticipated performance, and best judgment at the time. Because of the company's certainty in estimating these amounts, they are included in the transaction price of contracts.
Market data and information services. Market data and information services represent revenue from the dissemination of market data to subscribers, distributors, and other third-party licensees of market data. Pricing for market data is primarily based on the number of reportable devices used as well as the number of subscribers enrolled under the arrangement. Fees for these services are generally billed monthly. Market data services are satisfied over time and revenue is recognized on a monthly basis as the customers receive and consume the benefit of the market data services. However, the company also maintains certain annual license arrangements with one-time upfront fees. The fees for annual licenses are initially recorded as a contract liability and recognized as revenue monthly over the term of the annual period.
Other. Other revenues include certain access and communication fees, fees for collateral management, equity membership subscription fees, and fees for trade order routing through agreements from various strategic relationships. Access and communication fees are charged to customers that utilize various telecommunications networks and communications services. Fees for these services are generally billed monthly and the associated fee revenue is recognized as billed. Collateral management fees are charged to clearing firms that have collateral on deposit with the clearing house to meet their minimum performance bond and guaranty fund obligations on the exchange. These fees are calculated based on daily collateral balances and are billed monthly. This fee revenue is recognized monthly as billed as the customers receive and consume the benefits of the services. The company also has an equity membership program which provides equity members the option to substitute a monthly subscription fee for their existing requirement to hold CME Group Class A common stock. Choosing to pay this fee in lieu of holding Class A shares is entirely voluntary and the client's choice. Fee revenue under this program is earned monthly as billed over the contractual term. Pricing for strategic relationships may be driven by customer levels and activity. There are fee arrangements which provide for monthly as well as quarterly payments in arrears. Revenue is recognized monthly for strategic relationship arrangements as the customers receive and consume the benefits of the services.
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The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers by product line for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

|  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31,
(in millions) |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Interest rates |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 444.8 |  |  | $ | 374.8 |
Equity indexes |  |  |  |  |  | 269.2 |  |  | 259.1 |
Foreign exchange |  |  |  |  |  | 47.5 |  |  | 44.8 |
Agricultural commodities |  |  |  |  |  | 115.3 |  |  | 126.0 |
Energy |  |  |  |  |  | 167.9 |  |  | 175.2 |
Metals |  |  |  |  |  | 60.9 |  |  | 54.4 |
BrokerTec fixed income |  |  |  |  |  | 39.2 |  |  | 44.4 |
EBS foreign exchange |  |  |  |  |  | 35.8 |  |  | 42.3 |
Interest rate swap |  |  |  |  |  | 19.6 |  |  | 17.1 |
Total clearing and transaction fees |  |  |  |  |  | 1,200.2 |  |  | 1,138.1 |
Market data and information services |  |  |  |  |  | 165.8 |  |  | 151.7 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  | 75.6 |  |  | 56.8 |
Total revenues |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,441.6 |  |  | $ | 1,346.6 |
Timing of Revenue Recognition |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Services transferred at a point in time |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,177.5 |  |  | $ | 1,077.3 |
Services transferred over time |  |  |  |  |  | 259.5 |  |  | 264.7 |
One-time charges and miscellaneous revenues |  |  |  |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | 4.6 |
Total revenues |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,441.6 |  |  | $ | 1,346.6 |

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities) on the consolidated balance sheets. Certain fees for transactions, annual licenses, and other revenue arrangements are billed upfront before revenue is recognized, which results in the recognition of contract liabilities. These liabilities are recognized on the consolidated balance sheets on a contract-by-contract basis upon commencement of services under the customer contract. These upfront customer payments are recognized as revenue over time as the obligations under the contracts are satisfied. Changes in the contract liability balances during the three months ended March 31, 2023 were not materially impacted by any other factors. The balance of contract liabilities was $50.8 million and $12.7 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
3. Performance Bonds and Guaranty Fund Contributions
Performance Bonds and Guaranty Fund Contribution Reinvestment. CME reinvests cash performance bonds and guaranty fund contributions and distributes a portion of the interest earned back to the clearing firms. The reinvestment of cash can include certain commercial and central bank deposits, government securities, reverse repurchase agreements, and money market funds. CME has been designated as a systemically important financial market utility by the Financial Stability Oversight Council and is authorized to maintain cash accounts at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. At March 31, 2023, CME maintained $117.5 billion within the cash account at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. The cash deposit at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago is included within performance bonds and guaranty fund contributions on the consolidated balance sheets.
In the first quarter of 2023 and 2022, earnings from cash performance bond and guaranty fund contributions were $1,256.3 million and $73.6 million, resp ectively. In the first quarter of 2023 and 2022, expense related to the distribution of interest earned on collateral reinvestments was $1,163.5 million and $48.4 million, respectively. The earnings from cash performance bonds and guaranty fund contributions are included in investment income and the expense related to the distribution of interest earned is included in other non-operating income (expense) on the consolidated statements of income.
Clearing House Contract Settlement. The clearing house marks-to-market open positions at least once a day (twice a day for all futures and options contracts). Based on values derived from the mark-to-market process, the clearing house requires payments from clearing firms whose positions have lost value and makes payments to clearing firms whose positions have gained value. Under the extremely unlikely scenario of simultaneous default by every clearing firm who has open positions with unrealized losses, the maximum exposure related to positions other than cleared-only interest rate swap contracts would be one half day of
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changes in fair value of all open positions, before considering the clearing house's ability to access defaulting clearing firms' collateral deposits.
For cleared interest rate swap contracts, the maximum exposure at the time of default related to the clearing house's guarantee would be one full day of changes in fair value of all open positions, before considering the clearing house's ability to access defaulting clearing firms' collateral.
During the first quarter of 2023, the clearing house transferred an average of approximately $5.7 billion a day through its clearing systems for settlement from clearing firms whose positions had lost value to clearing firms whose positions had gained value. The clearing house reduces its guarantee exposure through initial and maintenance performance bond requirements and mandatory guaranty fund contributions. Management has assessed the fair value of the company's settlement guarantee liability by taking the following factors into consideration: the design and operations of the clearing risk management process, the financial safeguard packages in place, historical evidence of default by a clearing member and the estimated probability of potential payouts by the clearing house. Based on the assessment performed, management estimates the guarantee liability to be nominal and therefore has not recorded any liability at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The company does not have a history of significant losses recognized on performance bond collateral as posted by our clearing members, and management currently does not anticipate any future credit losses on its performance bond assets. Accordingly, the company has not provided an allowance for credit losses on these performance bond deposits, nor has it recorded any liabilities to reflect an allowance for credit losses related to our off-balance sheet credit exposures and guarantees.
4. Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Intangible assets consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

|  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
(in millions) |  | Assigned Value |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  |  | Net Book Value |  | Assigned Value |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  |  | Net Book Value
Amortizable Intangible Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Clearing firm, market data and other customer relationships |  | $ | 4,691.3 |  |  | $ | (1,964.2) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,727.1 |  |  | $ | 4,685.8 |  |  | $ | (1,909.7) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,776.1 |
Technology-related intellectual property |  | 62.5 |  |  | (57.7) |  |  |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | 62.5 |  |  | (55.8) |  |  |  |  | 6.7 |
Other |  | 70.4 |  |  | (34.9) |  |  |  |  | 35.5 |  |  | 69.5 |  |  | (32.6) |  |  |  |  | 36.9 |
Total amortizable intangible assets |  | $ | 4,824.2 |  |  | $ | (2,056.8) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,767.4 |  |  | $ | 4,817.8 |  |  | $ | (1,998.1) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,819.7 |
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade names |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 450.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 450.0 |
Total intangible assets – other, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,217.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,269.7 |
Trading products (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,175.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,175.3 |

(1)Trading products represent futures and options products acquired in our business combinations with CBOT Holdings, Inc., NYMEX Holdings, Inc. and The Board of Trade of Kansas City, Missouri, Inc. Clearing and transaction fees are generated through the trading of these products. These trading products, most of which have traded for decades, require authorization from the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). Product authorizations from the CFTC have no term limits.
Total amortization expense for intangible assets was $56.8 million and $58.4 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
As of March 31, 2023, the future estimated amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets is expected to be as follows:

(in millions) | Amortization Expense
Remainder of 2023 | $ | 171.1 |
2024 | 221.8 |
2025 | 221.8 |
2026 | 221.8 |
2027 | 220.5 |
2028 | 214.2 |
Thereafter | 1,496.2 |

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Goodwill activity consisted of the following for the periods ended March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

(in millions) |  | Balance at December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  | Other Activity (1) |  | Balance at March 31, 2023
CBOT Holdings |  | $ | 5,066.4 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,066.4 |
NYMEX Holdings |  | 2,462.2 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 2,462.2 |
NEX |  | 2,913.5 |  |  |  |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | 2,921.5 |
Other |  | 40.4 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 40.4 |
Total Goodwill |  | $ | 10,482.5 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 8.0 |  |  | $ | 10,490.5 |
(in millions) |  | Balance at December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  | Other Activity (1) |  | Balance at December 31, 2022
CBOT Holdings |  | $ | 5,066.4 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,066.4 |
NYMEX Holdings |  | 2,462.2 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 2,462.2 |
NEX |  | 2,959.0 |  |  |  |  |  | (45.5) |  |  | 2,913.5 |
Other |  | 40.4 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 40.4 |
Total Goodwill |  | $ | 10,528.0 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (45.5) |  |  | $ | 10,482.5 |

__________
(1) Other activity includes currency translation adjustments.
5. Debt
Short-term debt consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

(in millions) |  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
€15.0 million fixed rate notes due May 2023, stated rate of 4.30% |  | $ | 16.3 |  |  | $ | 16.0 |
Total short-term debt |  | $ | 16.3 |  |  | $ | 16.0 |

Long-term debt consisted of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

(in millions) |  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
$750.0 million fixed rate notes due March 2025, stated rate of 3.00% (1) |  | $ | 748.6 |  |  | $ | 748.4 |
$500.0 million fixed rate notes due June 2028, stated rate of 3.75% |  | 497.8 |  |  | 497.7 |
$750.0 million fixed rate notes due March 2032, stated rate of 2.65% |  | 742.0 |  |  | 741.7 |
$750.0 million fixed rate notes due September 2043, stated rate of 5.30% (2) |  | 743.7 |  |  | 743.7 |
$700.0 million fixed rate notes due June 2048, stated rate of 4.15% |  | 691.0 |  |  | 690.9 |
Total long-term debt |  | $ | 3,423.1 |  |  | $ | 3,422.4 |

(1)The company maintained a forward-starting interest rate swap agreement that modified the interest obligation associated with these notes so that the interest payable on the notes effectively became fixed at a rate of 3.11%.
(2)The company maintained a forward-starting interest rate swap agreement that modified the interest obligation associated with these notes so that the interest payable on the notes effectively became fixed at a rate of 4.73%.
Long-term debt maturities, at par value (in U.S. dollar equivalent), were as follows at March 31, 2023:

(in millions) | Par Value
2024 | $ | — |
2025 | 750.0 |
2026 | — |
2027 | — |
2028 | — |
Thereafter | 2,700.0 |

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6. Contingencies
Legal and Regulatory Matters. In the normal course of business, the company discusses matters with its regulators raised during regulatory examinations or otherwise subject to their inquiry and oversight. These matters could result in censures, fines, penalties or other sanctions. Management believes the outcome of any resulting actions will not have a material impact on the company's consolidated financial position or results of operations. However, the company is unable to predict the outcome or the timing of the ultimate resolution of these matters, or the potential fines, penalties or injunctive or other equitable relief, if any, that may result from these matters.
A putative class action complaint was filed January 15, 2014 in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Chancery Division, against CME Group Inc. and the Board of Trade of the City of Chicago, Inc. The plaintiffs, certain Class B shareholders of CME Group and Class B members of CBOT, allege breach of contract and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing for violations of their core rights granted in the defendants’ respective Certificates of Incorporation. On December 2, 2021, the court granted the plaintiffs’ motion for certification of a damages-only class. No trial date has been set. Given the uncertainty of factors that may potentially affect the resolution of the matter, at this time the company is unable to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of reasonably possible losses in the unlikely event it were found to be liable at trial. Based on its investigation to date, the company believes that it has strong factual and legal defenses to the claims.
In addition, the company is a defendant in, and may be subject to, various other legal proceedings arising from its regular business activities. While the ultimate results of such proceedings against the company cannot be predicted with certainty, the company believes that the resolution of any of these matters on an individual or aggregate basis will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.
No accrual was required for contingent legal and regulatory matters as none were probable and estimable as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Intellectual Property Indemnifications. Certain agreements with customers and other third parties related to accessing the CME Group platforms, utilizing market data services and licensing CME SPAN software may contain indemnifications from intellectual property claims that may be made against them as a result of their use of the applicable products and/or services. The potential future claims relating to these indemnifications cannot be estimated and therefore no liability has been recorded.
7. Leases
The company has operating leases for corporate offices. The operating leases have remaining lease terms of up to 15 years, some of which include options to extend or renew the leases for up to an additional five years, and some of which include options to early terminate the leases in less than 12 months. Management evaluates whether these options are exercisable at least quarterly in order to determine whether the contract term must be reassessed. For a small number of the leases, primarily the international locations, management's approach is to enter into short-term leases for a lease term of 12 months or less in order to provide for greater flexibility in the local environment. For certain office spaces, the company has entered into arrangements to sublease excess space to third parties, while the original lease contract remains in effect with the landlord.
The company also has one finance lease, which is related to the sale of our data center in March 2016. In connection with the sale, the company leased back a portion of the property. The sale leaseback transaction was recognized under the financing method and not as a sale leaseback arrangement.
The right-of-use lease asset is recorded within other assets, and the present value of the lease liability is recorded within other liabilities (segregated between short term and long term) on the consolidated balance sheets. The discount rate applied to the lease payments represents the company's incremental borrowing rate.
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The components of lease costs were as follows:

|  |  | Quarter Ended March 31,
(in millions) |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Operating lease expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease cost |  |  |  |  | $ | 14.0 |  |  | $ | 14.7 |
Short-term lease cost |  |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Total operating lease expense included in other expense |  |  |  |  | $ | 14.1 |  |  | $ | 14.8 |
Finance lease expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |
Depreciation expense |  |  |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 2.2 |
Total finance lease expense |  |  |  |  | $ | 2.9 |  |  | $ | 2.9 |
Sublease revenue included in other revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 2.4 |  |  | $ | 2.7 |

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

|  |  | Quarter Ended March 31,
(in millions) |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash outflows for operating leases |  |  |  |  | $ | 17.0 |  |  | $ | 16.9 |
Cash outflows for finance leases |  |  |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 4.3 |

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:
Operating leases

(in millions) | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 301.1 |  |  | $ | 310.6 |
Operating lease liabilities: |  |  |
Other current liabilities | $ | 49.1 |  |  | $ | 49.9 |
Other liabilities | 375.2 |  |  | 383.5 |
Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 424.3 |  |  | $ | 433.4 |
Weighted average remaining lease term (in months) | 121 |  | 121
Weighted average discount rate | 3.8 | % |  | 3.8 | %

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Finance leases

(in millions) | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Finance lease right-of-use assets | $ | 69.3 |  |  | $ | 71.5 |
Finance lease liabilities: |  |  |
Other current liabilities | $ | 8.2 |  |  | $ | 8.2 |
Other liabilities | 65.7 |  |  | 67.8 |
Total finance lease liabilities | $ | 73.9 |  |  | $ | 76.0 |
Weighted average remaining lease term (in months) | 96 |  | 99
Weighted average discount rate | 3.5 | % |  | 3.5 | %

Future minimum lease payments were as follows as of March 31, 2023 for operating and finance leases:

(in millions) |  | Operating Leases
Remainder of 2023 |  | $ | 50.0 |
2024 |  | 60.9 |
2025 |  | 57.7 |
2026 |  | 53.1 |
2027 |  | 50.8 |
2028 |  | 50.1 |
Thereafter |  | 197.0 |
Total lease payments |  | 519.6 |
Less: imputed interest |  | (95.3) |
Present value of lease liability |  | $ | 424.3 |

(in millions) |  | Finance Leases
Remainder of 2023 |  | $ | 12.9 |
2024 |  | 17.4 |
2025 |  | 17.5 |
2026 |  | 17.6 |
2027 |  | 17.8 |
2028 |  | 17.9 |
Thereafter |  | 41.0 |
Total lease payments |  | 142.1 |
Less: imputed interest |  | (68.2) |
Present value of lease liability |  | $ | 73.9 |

8. Guarantees
Mutual Offset Agreement. CME and Singapore Exchange Limited (SGX) maintain a mutual offset agreement with a current term through May 2023. This agreement enables market participants to open a futures position on one exchange and liquidate it on the other. The term of the agreement will automatically renew for a one-year period after May 2023 unless either party provides advance notice of their intent to terminate. CME can maintain collateral in the form of irrevocable, standby letters of credit. At March 31, 2023, CME was contingently liable to SGX on letters of credit totaling $360.0 million. CME also maintains a $350.0 million line of credit to meet its obligations under this agreement. Regardless of the collateral, CME guarantees all cleared transactions submitted through SGX and would initiate procedures designed to satisfy these financial obligations in the event of a default, such as the use of performance bonds and guaranty fund contributions of the defaulting clearing firm. Management has assessed the fair value of the company's guarantee liability under this mutual offset agreement by taking the following factors into consideration: the design and operations of the clearing risk management process, the financial safeguard packages in place, historical evidence of default by a clearing member and the estimated probability of
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potential payouts by the clearing house. Based on the assessment performed, management estimates the guarantee liability to be nominal and therefore has not recorded any liability at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Family Farmer and Rancher Protection Fund. In 2012, the company established the Family Farmer and Rancher Protection Fund (the Fund). The Fund is designed to provide payments, up to certain maximum levels, to family farmers, ranchers and other agricultural industry participants who use the company's agricultural commodity products and who suffer losses to their segregated account balances due to their CME clearing member becoming insolvent. Under the terms of the Fund, farmers and ranchers are eligible for up to $25,000 per participant. Farming and ranching cooperatives are eligible for up to $100,000 per cooperative. The Fund was established with a maximum of $100.0 million available for distribution to participants. Since its establishment, the Fund has made payments of approximately $2.0 million, which leaves $98.0 million available for future claims. If, at any time, payments due to participants were to exceed the amount remaining in the Fund, payments would be pro-rated. Clearing members and customers must register with the company in advance and provide certain documentation in order to substantiate their eligibility. The company believes that its guarantee liability is nominal and therefore has not recorded any liability at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
9. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following tables present changes in the accumulated balances for each component of other comprehensive income (loss), including current period other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):

(in millions) | Investment Securities |  | Defined Benefit Plans |  | Derivative Investments |  | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | (0.9) |  |  | $ | (22.8) |  |  | $ | 64.7 |  |  | $ | (174.3) |  |  | $ | (133.3) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications and income tax benefit (expense) | 0.4 |  |  | (3.5) |  |  | — |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | 2.8 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.2) |  |  | — |  |  | (1.2) |
Income tax benefit (expense) | (0.1) |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.1 |
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | 0.3 |  |  | (2.6) |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | 2.7 |
Balance at March 31, 2023 | $ | (0.6) |  |  | $ | (25.4) |  |  | $ | 63.8 |  |  | $ | (168.4) |  |  | $ | (130.6) |

(in millions) | Investment Securities |  | Defined Benefit Plans |  | Derivative Investments |  | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | (34.8) |  |  | $ | 66.1 |  |  | $ | 21.1 |  |  | $ | 53.5 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications and income tax benefit (expense) | (1.3) |  |  | (3.7) |  |  | — |  |  | (22.6) |  |  | (27.6) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.1 |
Income tax benefit (expense) | 0.3 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) | (1.0) |  |  | (2.5) |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | (22.6) |  |  | (25.5) |
Balance at March 31, 2022 | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | (37.3) |  |  | $ | 66.7 |  |  | $ | (1.5) |  |  | $ | 28.0 |

10. Fair Value Measurements
The company uses a three-level classification hierarchy of fair value measurements for disclosure purposes:
•Level 1 inputs, which are considered the most reliable evidence of fair value, consist of quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•Level 2 inputs consist of observable market data, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, or inputs other than quoted prices that are directly observable.
•Level 3 inputs consist of unobservable inputs which are derived and cannot be corroborated by market data or other entity-specific inputs.
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The company's level 1 assets generally include investments in publicly traded mutual funds, equity securities and corporate debt securities with quoted market prices. In general, the company uses quoted prices in active markets for identical assets to determine the fair value of marketable securities.
The company's level 2 assets and liabilities generally consist of long-term debt notes. The fair values of the long-term debt notes were based on quoted market prices in an inactive market.
The company's level 3 assets and liabilities include certain investments that were adjusted to fair value.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements. Financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023 were classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that was significant to each asset and liability's fair value measurement. The following table presents financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

|  | March 31, 2023
(in millions) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets at Fair Value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities |  | $ | 11.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11.5 |
Mutual funds |  | 93.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93.4 |
Equity securities |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |
Total Marketable Securities |  | 105.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 105.0 |
Total Assets at Fair Value |  | $ | 105.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 105.0 |

Non-Recurring Fair Valu e Measurements. The company recognized a net unrealized gain on investments of $1.3 million on equity investments without readily determinable fair value. The fair value of these investments was estimated to be $8.6 million at March 31, 2023. This fair value assessment was based on quantitative factors, including observable price changes. The fair value measurements of these investments are considered level 3 and non-recurring.
Fair Values of Long-Term Debt Notes. The follo wing presents the estimated fair values of long-term debt notes, which are carried at amortized cost on the consolidated balance sheets. The fair values below are classified as level 2 under the fair value hierarchy and were estimated using quoted market prices in inactive markets.
At March 31, 2023, the fair values (in U.S. dollar equivalent) were as follows:

(in millions) | Fair Value |  | Level
€15.0 million fixed rate notes due May 2023 | 16.3 |  |  | Level 2
$750.0 million fixed rate notes due March 2025 | 726.3 |  |  | Level 2
$500.0 million fixed rate notes due June 2028 | 488.1 |  |  | Level 2
$750.0 million fixed rate notes due March 2032 | 650.8 |  |  | Level 2
$750.0 million fixed rate notes due September 2043 | 792.5 |  |  | Level 2
$700.0 million fixed rate notes due June 2048 | 657.9 |  |  | Level 2

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11. Earnings Per Share
The company uses the two-class method to calculate basic and diluted earnings per common share because its Series G preferred stock are participating securities. Under the two-class method, undistributed earnings are allocated to common stock and participating securities according to their respective rights in undistributed earnings, as if all of the earnings for the period had been distributed. Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Net income attributable to common shareholders is reduced for preferred stock dividends earned during the period. Preferred stock also receives a proportionate allocation of undistributed or overdistributed earnings for the period because Series G preferred stock has a contractual obligation to share in profits and losses of the company. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive common shares. Anti-dilutive stock awards were as follows for the periods presented:

|  |  | Quarter Ended March 31,
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Stock awards |  |  |  |  | 160 |  |  | 78 |
Total |  |  |  |  | 160 |  |  | 78 |

The following table presents the earnings per share calculation for the periods presented:

|  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net Income (in millions) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 883.8 |  |  | $ | 711.0 |
Less: preferred stock dividends |  |  |  |  |  | (5.0) |  |  | (4.6) |
Less: undistributed earnings allocated to preferred stock |  |  |  |  |  | (6.1) |  |  | (4.4) |
Net Income Attributable to Common Shareholders of CME Group |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 872.7 |  |  | $ | 702.0 |
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares (in thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  |  | 358,933 |  |  | 358,609 |
Effect of stock options, restricted stock and performance shares |  |  |  |  |  | 380 |  |  | 571 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  | 359,313 |  |  | 359,180 |
Earnings per Common Share Attributable to Common Shareholders of CME Group: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2.43 |  |  | $ | 1.96 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  | 2.43 |  |  | 1.95 |

12. Subsequent Events
The company has evaluated subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued. The company has determined that there were no subsequent events that met the requirement for recognition or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.
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ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2023.
References in this discussion and analysis to “we” and “our” are to CME Group Inc. (CME Group) and its consolidated subsidiaries, collectively. References to “exchange” are to Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. (CME), the Board of Trade of the City of Chicago, Inc. (CBOT), New York Mercantile Exchange, Inc. (NYMEX), and Commodity Exchange, Inc. (COMEX), collectively, unless otherwise noted.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Financial Highlights
The following summarizes significant changes in our financial performance for the periods presented.

|  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, |  |
(dollars in millions, except per share data) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
Total revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,441.6 |  |  | $ | 1,346.6 |  |  | 7 | %
Total expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 527.9 |  |  | 487.5 |  |  | 8 |
Operating margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 63.4 | % |  | 63.8 | % |  |
Non-operating income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 243.2 |  |  | $ | 57.2 |  |  | n.m.
Effective tax rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23.6 | % |  | 22.4 | % |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 883.8 |  |  | $ | 711.0 |  |  | 24 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.43 |  |  | 1.95 |  |  | 25 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 902.4 |  |  | 799.1 |  |  | 13 |

n.m. not meaningful
Revenues

|  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, |  |
(dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
Clearing and transaction fees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,200.2 |  |  | $ | 1,138.1 |  |  | 5 | %
Market data and information services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 165.8 |  |  | 151.7 |  |  | 9 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 75.6 |  |  | 56.8 |  |  | 33 |
Total Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,441.6 |  |  | $ | 1,346.6 |  |  | 7 |

Clearing and Transaction Fees
Futures and Options Contracts
The following table summarizes our total contract volume, revenue and average rate per contract for futures and options. Total contract volume includes contracts that are traded on our exchange and cleared through our clearing house and certain cleared-only contracts. Volume is measured in round turns, which is considered a completed transaction that involves a purchase and an offsetting sale of a contract. Average rate per contract is determined by dividing total clearing and transaction fees by total contract volume. Contract volume and average rate per contract disclosures exclude trading volume for the cash markets business and interest rate swaps volume.

|  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
Total contract volume (in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,666.1 |  |  | 1,607.1 |  |  | 4 | %
Clearing and transaction fees (in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,105.6 |  |  | $ | 1,034.3 |  |  | 7 |
Average rate per contract |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.664 |  |  | $ | 0.644 |  |  | 3 |

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We estimate the following net change in clearing and transaction fees based on the change in total contract volume and the change in average rate per contract for futures and options during the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022.

(in millions) |  |  |  | Quarter Ended
Increase due to a change in total contract volume |  |  |  | $ | 39.2 |
Increase due to a change in average rate per contract |  |  |  | 32.1 |
Net increase in clearing and transaction fees |  |  |  | $ | 71.3 |

Average rate per contract is impacted by our rate structure, including volume-based incentives; product mix; trading venue; and the percentage of volume executed by customers who are members compared with non-member customers. Due to the relationship between average rate per contract and contract volume, the change in clearing and transaction fees attributable to changes in each is only an approximation.
Contract Volume
The following table summarizes average daily contract volume. Contract volume can be influenced by many factors, including political and economic conditions, the regulatory environment and market competition.

|  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, |  |
(amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
Average Daily Volume by Product Line: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,490 |  | 12,484 |  | 16 | %
Equity indexes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,303 |  | 7,950 |  | (8) |
Foreign exchange |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 969 |  | 904 |  | 7 |
Agricultural commodities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,379 |  | 1,474 |  | (6) |
Energy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,083 |  | 2,515 |  | (17) |
Metals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 649 |  | 593 |  | 9 |
Aggregate average daily volume |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 26,873 |  | 25,920 |  | 4 |
Average Daily Volume by Venue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CME Globex |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24,170 |  | 24,060 |  | — |
Open outcry |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,623 |  | 1,030 |  | 58 |
Privately negotiated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,080 |  | 830 |  | 30 |
Aggregate average daily volume |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 26,873 |  | 25,920 |  | 4 |
Electronic Volume as a Percentage of Total Volume |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 90 | % |  | 93 | % |  |

Market volatility increased within certain financial markets throughout the first quarter of 2023, following lower overall volatility in the first quarter of 2022. Interest rate and foreign exchange volatility were higher as result of higher inflation levels and market uncertainty following the collapse of two U.S. regional banks. However, volatility was lower within our equities, agricultural commodity and energy markets. These markets experienced higher volatility in early 2022 due to geopolitical uncertainty as a result of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. We believe these factors led to the changes in contract volume during the first quarter of 2023, when compared with the same period in 2022.
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Interest Rate Products
The following table summarizes average daily contract volume for our key interest rate products.

|  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, |  |
(amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
Eurodollar futures and options: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Futures expiring within two years |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 325 |  |  | 1,869 |  |  | (83) | %
Options |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 137 |  |  | 1,489 |  |  | (91) |
Futures expiring beyond two years |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 82 |  |  | 811 |  |  | (90) |
SOFR futures and options: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Futures expiring within two years |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,001 |  |  | 1,043 |  |  | n.m.
Options |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,429 |  |  | 39 |  |  | n.m.
Futures expiring beyond two years |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 907 |  |  | 156 |  |  | n.m.
U.S. Treasury futures and options: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
10-Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,921 |  |  | 2,855 |  |  | 2 |
5-Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,896 |  |  | 1,742 |  |  | 9 |
2-Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 828 |  |  | 711 |  |  | 16 |
Treasury Bond |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 560 |  |  | 557 |  |  | 1 |
Federal Funds futures and options |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 601 |  |  | 414 |  |  | 45 |

n.m. not meaningful
In the first quarter of 2023, overall interest rate contract volume increased when compared with the same period in 2022. We believe this increase was due to higher interest rate volatility as a result of higher inflation levels and market uncertainty following the collapse of two U.S. regional banks. The Federal Open Market Committee's decision to increase the Federal Funds rate in the first quarter of 2023 also contributed to additional interest rate volatility. In addition, the increase in Secured Overnight Financing Rate contract (SOFR) volume was also due to more market participants transitioning to the new reference rate away from Eurdollar contracts, which are based on LIBOR. The LIBOR rate will conclude in the second quarter of 2023.
Equity Index Products
The following table summarizes average daily contract volume for our key equity index products.

|  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, |  |
(amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
E-mini S&P 500 futures and options |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,601 |  |  | 4,477 |  |  | 3 | %
E-mini Nasdaq 100 futures and options |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,896 |  |  | 2,381 |  |  | (20) |
E-mini Russell 2000 futures and options |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 332 |  |  | 452 |  |  | (26) |

Equity index contract volume decreased in the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022, which we believe was due to lower overall volatility within the equity indexes in the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022. Significant market uncertainty in the first quarter of 2022 was due to higher than expected inflation, as well as rising tensions and geopolitical uncertainty with Russia and Ukraine. We believe these factors led to lower overall equity contract volume in the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022.
Foreign Exchange Products
The following table summarizes average daily contract volume for our key foreign exchange products.

|  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, |  |
(amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
Euro |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 268 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 8 | %
Japanese Yen |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 173 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 29 |
British Pound |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 112 |  |  | 118 |  |  | (5) |
Australian dollar |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 104 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 2 |

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Overall foreign exchange contract volume increased in the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022. Market volatility was higher in the first quarter of 2023 due to market uncertainty surrounding the financial health of regional and global banks in the U.S. and Europe. As a result, Japanese Yen contract volume increased as investor demand for safe haven currencies increased amid market uncertainty. We believe these factors led to an overall increase in foreign exchange contract volume.
Agricultural Commodity Products
The following table summarizes average daily contract volume for our key agricultural commodity products.

|  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, |  |
(amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
Corn |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 409 |  |  | 487 |  |  | (16) | %
Soybean |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 296 |  |  | 323 |  |  | (8) |
Wheat |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 185 |  |  | 224 |  |  | (17) |

In the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022, overall commodity contract volume decreased due to lower overall market volatility. Volatility in the first quarter of 2022 was higher as a result of global trade uncertainty due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. We believe these factors contributed to lower overall commodity volume.
Energy Products
The following table summarizes average daily contract volume for our key energy products.

|  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, |  |
(amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
WTI crude oil |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,067 |  |  | 1,438 |  |  | (26) | %
Natural gas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 599 |  |  | 542 |  |  | 10 |
Refined products |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 328 |  |  | 408 |  |  | (20) |

Overall energy contract volume decreased in the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022. Market volatility was higher in the first quarter of 2022 as a result of the Russia and Ukraine conflict, which we believe led to the overall decrease in energy contract volume.
Metal Products
The following table summarizes average daily volume for our key metal products.

|  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, |  |
(amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
Gold |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 398 |  |  | 390 |  |  | 2 | %
Copper |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 123 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 38 |
Silver |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 94 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 9 |

In the first quarter of 2023, overall metal contract volume increased when compared with the same period in 2022. Market uncertainty following the collapse of two U.S. regional banks led to an overall increase in demand for gold and other precious metals as safe-haven investments. In addition, copper contract volume increased largely due to an increase in demand for copper in China following the lifting of restrictions from the COVID pandemic. We believe these factors led to the overall increase in metal contract volume.
Average Rate per Contract
The average rate per contract increased in the first quarter of 2023, when compared with the same period in 2022. The increase in the average rate per contract was primarily due to an increase to our fee structure that went into effect on February 1, 2023.
Cash Markets Business
Total clearing and transaction fees revenues in the first quarter of 2023 includ e $75.0 million o f transaction fees attributable to the cash markets business, compared with $86.7 million in the first quarter 2022. This revenue primarily includes BrokerTec Americas LLC's fixed income volume and EBS's foreign exchange volume.
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|  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, |  |
(amounts in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
BrokerTec fixed income transaction fees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 39.2 |  |  | $ | 44.4 |  |  | (12) | %
EBS foreign exchange transaction fees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35.8 |  |  | 42.3 |  |  | (15) | %

The related average daily notional value for the first quarter of 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

|  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, |  |
(amounts in billions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
European Repo (in euros) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 354.7 |  |  | $ | 320.8 |  |  | 11 | %
U.S. Treasury |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 123.7 |  |  | 147.4 |  |  | (16) |
Spot FX |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 64.4 |  |  | 68.1 |  |  | (5) |

Overall average daily notional values for the cash markets business remained relatively flat in the first quarter of 2023 compared with the same period in 2022. We believe the decrease in U.S. Treasury and Spot FX average daily notional value was due to overall lower volatility in the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022. Volatility within the U.S. Treasury and spot FX markets was higher in the first quarter of 2022 as a result of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and uncertainty around the Federal Reserve's interest rate policy in early 2022. The slight increase in European Repo average daily notional value was largely due to increased volatility as a result of a change in market expectations regarding the European Central Bank's interest rate policy. Despite the overall average daily notional value remaining flat, transaction revenue for BrokerTec and EBS decreased slightly in the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022, due to the tiered pricing structure and incentive rate programs.
Concentration of Revenue
We bill a substantial portion of our clearing and transaction fees directly to our clearing firms. The majority of clearing and transaction fees received from clearing firms represent charges for trades executed and cleared on behalf of their customers. No one individual firm represente d 10% of o ur clearing and transaction fees in the first quarter of 2023. Should a clearing firm withdraw, we believe that the customer portion of the firm’s trading activity would likely transfer to another clearing firm of the exchange. Therefore, we do not believe we are exposed to significant risk from the ongoing loss of revenue received from or through a particular clearing firm.
Other Sources of Revenue
Market data and information services. During the first quarter of 2023, overall market data and information services revenues increased when compared with the same period in 2022, largely due to price increases for certain pr oducts.
The two largest resellers of our market data represented approximately 31% of our market data and information services revenue in the first quarter of 2023. Despite this concentration, we consider exposure to significant risk of revenue loss to be minimal. In the event that one of these vendors no longer subscribes to our market data, we believe the majority of that vendor’s customers would likely subscribe to our market data through another reseller. Additionally, several of our largest institutional customers that utilize services from our two largest resellers report usage and remit payment of their fees directly to us.
Other revenues. In the first quarter of 2023, the increase in other revenues when compared with the same period in 2022 was largely attributable to higher custody fees as well as an increase in co-location and other connectivity fees.
Expenses

|  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, |  |
(dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
Compensation and benefits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 204.5 |  |  | $ | 185.2 |  |  | 10 | %
Technology |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 51.3 |  |  | 45.9 |  |  | 12 |
Professional fees and outside services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 38.3 |  |  | 31.8 |  |  | 21 |
Amortization of purchased intangibles |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 56.8 |  |  | 58.4 |  |  | (3) |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31.9 |  |  | 33.5 |  |  | (5) |
Licensing and other fee agreements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84.7 |  |  | 80.9 |  |  | 5 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60.4 |  |  | 51.8 |  |  | 17 |
Total Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 527.9 |  |  | $ | 487.5 |  |  | 8 | %

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Operating expen ses increased by $40.4 million in the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022. The following table shows the estimated impacts of key factors resulting in the change in operating expenses:

|  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, 2023
|  |  |  |  |  | Amount of Change |  | Change as a Percentage of Total Expenses
(dollars in millions) |
Non-qualified deferred compensation |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 11.0 |  |  | 2 | %
Salaries, benefits and employer taxes |  |  |  |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | 2 |
Professional fees and outside services |  |  |  |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | 1 |
Technology support services |  |  |  |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | 1 |
Currency fluctuation |  |  |  |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | 1 |
Building maintenance |  |  |  |  |  | (4.5) |  |  | (1) |
Other expenses, net |  |  |  |  |  | 8.5 |  | 2 |
Total increase |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 40.4 |  |  | 8 | %

Increases in operating expenses in the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same periods in 2022 were as follows:
•An increase in our non-qualified deferred compensation liability during the first quarter of 2023, the impact of which does not affect net income because of an equal and offsetting change in investment income, contributed to an increase in compensation and benefits expense.
•Salaries, benefits and employer taxes were higher during the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022, due to an increase in headcount during the year, which is primarily attributable to additional headcount in workforce in the company's international locations.
•Professional fees and outside services expenses increased due to a greater reliance on consultants, specifically for the Google Cloud transformation project as well as an increase in legal fees related to our business activities and product offerings. The increase in professional fees was partially offset by a decrease in NEX integration fees, which have steadily declined since the second half of 2021.
•The increase in expense related to technology support services was primarily driven by higher software license fees and third party services to support the ongoing Google Cloud transformation project.
•In the first quarter of 2023, we recognized a net loss of $0.7 million, compared with a net gain of $4.3 million during the same period in 2022, due to currency exchange rate fluctuations. Gains and losses from exchange rate fluctuations are recognized in the consolidated statements of net income when subsidiaries with a U.S. dollar functional currency hold certain monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies.
Decreases in operating expenses in the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022 were as follows:
◦The decrease in building maintenance expense in the first quarter of 2023 was driven by a decline in construction and relocation expenses related to the development of the SOFR options trading floor, which was completed in 2022.
Non-Operating Income (Expense)

|  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended March 31, |  |
(dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
Investment income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,357.7 |  |  | $ | 73.1 |  |  | n.m.
Interest and other borrowing costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (39.9) |  |  | (42.5) |  |  | (6) | %
Equity in net earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 78.2 |  |  | 73.3 |  |  | 7 |
Other non-operating income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,152.8) |  |  | (46.7) |  |  | n.m.
Total Non-Operating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 243.2 |  |  | $ | 57.2 |  |  | n.m.

n.m. not meaningful
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Investment income. Earnings from cash performance bond and guaranty fund contributions that are reinvested increased in the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022, due to a higher rate of interest earned in the cash accounts at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago following multiple interest rate hikes in 2022 and early 2023. In the first quarter of 2023 and 2022, earnings from cash performance bond and guaranty fund contributions were $1,256.3 million and $73.6 million, resp ectively. We also recognized higher net realized and unrealized gains on investments in the first quarter of 2023.
Other income (expense). We recognized higher expenses related to the distribution of interest earned on performance bond collateral reinvestments to the clearing firms in conjunction with higher interest income earned on our reinvestment during the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022. This was due to a higher Federal Funds rate in 2023 compared to the prior year period. In the first quarter of 2023 and 2022, expense related to the distribution of interest earned on collateral reinvestments was $1,163.5 million and $48.4 million, respectively.
Income Tax Provision
The following table summarizes the effective tax rates for the periods presented:

|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Quarter ended March 31 |  | 23.6 | % |  | 22.4 | %

The overall effective tax rate increased in the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022. In the first quarter of 2022, we recognized a benefit related to the settlement for various tax audits.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources and Uses of Cash. Net cash provided by operating activities increased in the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022, largely due to an increase in revenue resulting from higher volume and fee increases. Net cash used in investing activities remained relatively flat during the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022. Cash used in financing activities was higher during the first quarter of 2023 when compared with the same period in 2022, due to a decrease in cash performance bonds and guaranty fund contributions.
Debt Instruments. The following table summarizes our debt outstanding at March 31, 2023:

(in millions) | Par Value
Fixed rate notes due May 2023, stated rate of 4.30% | € | 15.0 |
Fixed rate notes due March 2025, stated rate of 3.00% (1) | $ | 750.0 |
Fixed rate notes due June 2028, stated rate of 3.75% | $ | 500.0 |
Fixed rate notes due March 2032, stated rate of 2.65% | $ | 750.0 |
Fixed rate notes due September 2043, stated rate of 5.30% (2) | $ | 750.0 |
Fixed rate notes due June 2048, stated rate of 4.15% | $ | 700.0 |

_______________
(1)We maintained a forward-starting interest rate swap agreement that modified the interest obligation associated with these notes so that the interest payable on the notes effectively became fixed at a rate of 3.11%.
(2)We maintained a forward-starting interest rate swap agreement that modified the interest obligation associated with these notes so that the interest payable effectively became fixed at a rate of 4.73%.
We maintain a $2.3 billion multi-currency revolving senior credit facility with various financial institutions, which matures in November 2026. The proceeds from this facility can be used for general corporate purposes, which includes providing liquidity for our clearing house in certain circumstances at CME Group's discretion and, if necessary, for maturities of commercial paper. As long as we are not in default under this facility, we have the option to increase it up to $3.3 billion with the consent of the agent and lenders providing the additional funds. This facility is voluntarily pre-payable from time to time without premium or penalty. Under this facility, we are required to remain in compliance with a consolidated net worth test, which is defined as our consolidated shareholders' equity at September 30, 2021, giving effect to share repurchases made and special dividends paid during the term of the agreements (and in no event greater than $2.0 billion in aggregate), multiplied by 0.65. We currently do not have any borrowings outstanding under this facility, but any commercial paper balance if or when outstanding can be backstopped against this facility.
We maintain a 364-day multi-currency revolving secured credit facility with a consortium of domestic and international banks to be used in certain situations by the clearing house. The facility provides for borrowings of up to $7.0 billion. We may use the proceeds to provide temporary liquidity in the unlikely event a clearing firm fails to promptly discharge an obligation to CME Clearing, in the event of a liquidity constraint or default by a depositary (custodian for our collateral), in the event of a
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temporary disruption with the domestic payments system that would delay payment of settlement variation between us and our clearing firms, or in other cases as provided by the CME rulebook. Clearing firm guaranty fund contributions received in the form of cash or U.S. Treasury securities as well as the performance bond assets (pursuant to the CME rulebook) can be used to collateralize the facility. At March 31, 2023, guaranty fund contributions available to collateralize the facility totaled $7.4 billion. We have the option to request an increase in the line from $7.0 billion to $10.0 billion. Our 364-day facility contains a requirement that CME remain in compliance with a consolidated tangible net worth test, defined as CME's consolidated shareholder's equity less intangible assets (as defined in the agreement), of not less than $800.0 million. We currently do not have any borrowings outstanding under this facility.
The indentures governing our fixed rate notes, our $2.3 billion multi-currency revolving senior credit facility and our 364-day multi-currency revolving secured credit facility for $7.0 billion do not contain specific covenants that restrict the ability to pay dividends. These documents, however, do contain other customary financial and operating covenants that place restrictions on the operations of the company that could indirectly affect the ability to pay dividends.
At March 31, 2023, we have excess borrowing capacity for general corporate purposes of approximately $2.3 billion under our multi-currency revolving senior credit facility.
At March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with the various covenant requirements of all our debt facilities.
CME Group, as a holding company, has no operations of its own. Instead, it relies on dividends declared and paid to it by its subsidiaries in order to provide the funds which it uses to pay dividends to its shareholders.
To satisfy our performance bond obligation with Singapore Exchange Limited, we may pledge irrevocable standby letters of credit. At March 31, 2023, the letters of credit totaled $360.0 million. We also maintain a $350.0 million line of credit to meet our obligations under this agreement.
The following table summarizes our credit ratings at March 31, 2023:

|  | Short-Term |  | Long-Term |  |
Rating Agency |  | Debt Rating |  | Debt Rating |  | Outlook
Standard & Poor’s Global Ratings |  | A1+ |  | AA- |  | Stable
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. |  | P1 |  | Aa3 |  | Stable

Given our cash flow generation, our ability to pay down debt levels and our ability to refinance existing debt facilities if necessary, we expect to maintain an investment grade rating. If our ratings are downgraded below investment grade within certain specified time periods due to a change of control, we are required to make an offer to repurchase our fixed rate notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest. No report of any rating agency is incorporated by reference herein.
Liquidity and Cash Management. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $1.6 billion and $2.7 billion at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The balance retained in cash and cash equivalents is a function of anticipated or possible short-term cash needs, prevailing interest rates, our corporate investment policy and alternative investment choices. A majority of our cash and cash equivalents balance is invested in money market mutual funds that invest only in U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities and U.S. Treasury security reverse repurchase agreements and short-term bank deposits. Our exposure to credit and liquidity risk is minimal given the nature of the investments. Cash that is not available for general corporate purposes because of regulatory requirements or other restrictions is classified as restricted cash and is included in other current assets or other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Regulatory Requirements. CME is regulated by the CFTC as a Derivatives Clearing Organization (DCO). DCOs are required to maintain capital, as defined by the CFTC, in an amount at least equal to one year of projected operating expenses as well as cash, liquid securities, or a line of credit at least equal to six months of projected operating expenses. CME was designated by the Financial Stability Oversight Council as a systemically important financial market utility under Title VIII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. As a result, CME must comply with CFTC regulations applicable to a systemically important DCO for financial resources and liquidity resources. CME is in compliance with all DCO financial requirements.
CME, CBOT, NYMEX and COMEX are regulated by the CFTC as Designated Contract Markets (DCM). DCMs are required to maintain capital, as defined by the CFTC, in an amount at least equal to one year of projected operating expenses as well as cash, liquid securities or a line of credit at least equal to six months of projected operating expenses. Our DCMs are in compliance with all DCM financial requirements.
BrokerTec Americas LLC is required to maintain sufficient net capital under Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), Rule 15c3-1 (the Net Capital Rule). The Net Capital Rule focuses on liquidity and is designed to protect securities customers, counterparties, and creditors by requiring that broker-dealers have sufficient liquid resources on hand at all
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times to satisfy claims promptly. Rule 15c3-3, or the customer protection rule, which complements Rule 15c3-1, is designed to ensure that customer property (securities and funds) in the custody of broker-dealers is adequately safeguarded. By law, both of these rules apply to the activities of registered broker-dealers, but not to unregistered affiliates. The firm began operating as a (k)(2)(i) broker dealer in November 2017 following notification to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and the SEC. A company operating under the (k)(2)(i) exemption is not required to lock up customer funds as would otherwise be required under Exchange Act Rule 15c3-3.

ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are subject to various market risks, including those caused by changes in interest rates, credit, foreign currency exchange rates and equity prices. There have not been material changes in our exposure to market risk since December 31, 2022. Refer to Item 7A. of CME Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2023, for additional information.

ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. As required by Rule 13a-15(d) under the Exchange Act, the company’s management, including the company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) to determine whether any changes occurred during the quarter covered by this quarterly report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in the company’s internal control over financial reporting which occurred during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The disclosure under “Legal and Regulatory Matters” in Note 6. Contingencies in the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of Part I of this report is incorporated herein by reference. Such disclosure includes updates to the legal proceedings disclosed in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2023.

ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes in the company's risk factors from those disclosed in the company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2023.

ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period |  | (a) Total Number of Class A Shares Purchased (1) |  | (b) Average Price Paid Per Share |  | (c) Total Number of Class A Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | (d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Value) of shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in millions)
January 1 to January 31 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
February 1 to February 28 |  | 186 |  |  | 184.10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
March 1 to March 31 |  | 878 |  |  | 182.20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | 1,064 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |

(1)Shares purchased consist of an aggregate o f 1,064 share s of Class A common stock surrendered in the first quarter of 2023 to satisfy employees’ tax obligations upon the vesting of restricted stock.
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ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS

10.1 (1) |  | Retirement Agreement, effective as of March 29, 2023, between Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. and Sean Tully (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to CME Group’s Current Report of Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 30, 2023).
10.2 (1) |  | CME Group Inc. Severance Plan, as amended and restated effective March 7, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to CME Group’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 10, 2023).
31.1 |  | Section 302 Certification—Terrence A. Duffy
31.2 |  | Section 302 Certification—Lynne Fitzpatrick
32.1 |  | Section 906 Certification
101 |  | The following materials from CME Group Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (Xtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File included in the Inline XBRL Document Set for Exhibit 101.
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
(1) |  | Management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | CME Group Inc. (Registrant)
Dated: May 3, 2023 |  |  |  | By: |  | /s/ Lynne Fitzpatrick
|  |  |  |  |  | Lynne Fitzpatrick Senior Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer Principal Financial Offer and Duly Authorized Officer

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