Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term restricted cash and investments, short-term and long-term investments, customer accounts receivable, margin deposits and guaranty funds, cost and equity method investments, short-term and long-term debt and certain other short-term assets and liabilities. The fair value of our financial instruments are measured based on a three-level hierarchy:


•	Level 1 inputs — quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.


•	Level 2 inputs — observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs other than quoted prices that are directly observable.


•	Level 3 inputs — unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

In general, we use Level 1 inputs to determine fair value. The Level 1 assets consist of U.S. Treasury securities, equity and other securities listed in active markets, and investments in publicly traded mutual funds held for the purpose of providing future payments of the supplemental executive retirement and the supplemental executive savings plans.

Financial assets and liabilities recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the asset or liability’s fair value measurement. Financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are as follows (in millions):



	As of June 30, 2016						As of December 31, 2015
	Level 1		Level 2 and 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2 and 3		Total
Assets at fair value:
Long-term investment in equity securities	$	427	$	—	$	427	$	299	$	—	$	299
U.S. Treasury securities	503		—		503		449		—		449
Mutual Funds	24		—		24		29		—		29
Total assets at fair value	$	954	$	—	$	954	$	777	$	—	$	777

As of June 30, 2016, the fair value of our $1.24 billion 2020 Senior Notes was $1.30 billion, the fair value of our $1.24 billion 2025 Senior Notes was $1.35 billion, the fair value of our $852 million NYSE USD Notes was $860 million, the fair value of our $789 million 2023 Senior Notes was $865 million, and the fair value of our $597 million 2018 Senior Notes was $615 million. The fair values of these fixed rate notes were estimated using quoted market prices for these instruments. The fair value of our commercial paper approximates the carrying value since the rates of interest on this short-term debt approximate market rates as of June 30, 2016. All other financial instruments are determined to approximate carrying value due to the short period of time to their maturities.

The long-term investment in equity securities represents our investment in Cetip, which is recorded as an available-for-sale investment, and is recorded and held in Brazilian reais. Cetip was valued at $427 million as of June 30, 2016, using its quoted market price. Changes in the fair value of the Cetip investment are currently reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and do not impact earnings, except to the extent that unrealized losses are deemed to be other than temporary (Note 2). As of June 30, 2016, we had an accumulated unrealized gain related to this investment of $103 million.

In April 2016, Cetip and BM&FBOVESPA in Brazil entered into a merger agreement. Consummation of the merger remains subject to approval by the regulatory bodies of the Central Bank of Brazil, the Securities and Exchange Commission of Brazil and Brazil’s Council for Economic Defense. The proposed merger values Cetip at R$43.79 per share based upon the June 30, 2016 BM&FBOVESPA closing stock price. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Cetip shareholders will receive a combination of cash (75%) and BM&FBOVESPA stock (25%). Given that a portion of the purchase price consists of BM&FBOVESPA stock, the merger agreement includes an adjustment mechanism that provides for a stock valuation based on the BMF&BOVESPA average trading price during the 30 trading days preceding the last required regulatory approval, with a minimum stock valuation of R$42.00 per share and a maximum stock valuation of R$48.51 per share.

As of June 30, 2016, we held $503 million in U.S. Treasury securities, all of which had remaining maturities of less than one year at the date of purchase. Of these securities, $33 million were recorded as cash and cash equivalents, $320 million were recorded as short-term restricted cash and investments and $150 million were recorded as long-term restricted cash and investments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2016. All of the U.S. Treasury securities recorded as cash and cash equivalents have original maturities of less than 90 days.

We did not use Level 2 and 3 inputs to determine the fair value of assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015. We measure certain assets, such as intangible assets and cost and equity method investments, at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets are recognized at fair value if they are deemed to be impaired. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, none of these assets were required to be recorded at fair value since no impairment indicators were present.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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