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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared by us in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. These statements include the accounts of our wholly-owned and controlled subsidiaries. For consolidated subsidiaries in which our ownership is less than 100% and for which we have control over the assets and liabilities and the management of the entity, the non-ICE interests are shown as non-controlling interests. When non-controlling interests hold an option to require us to repurchase their interests, these amounts are shown as redeemable non-controlling interests and could be subject to remeasurement. All intercompany balances and transactions between us and our wholly-owned and controlled subsidiaries have been eliminated in consolidation. The financial results of companies we acquire are included from the acquisition dates and the results of companies we sold are included up to the disposition dates. The accounting policies used to prepare these financial statements are the same as those used to prepare the consolidated financial statements in prior years. Use of Estimates Preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying disclosures. Actual amounts could differ from those estimates. Comprehensive Income Other comprehensive income includes foreign currency translation adjustments, our proportionate share of our equity method investments' other comprehensive income, and amortization of the difference in the projected benefit obligation and the accumulated benefit obligation associated with benefit plan liabilities, each of which is net of tax. Segment and Geographic Information As of December 31, 2024, our business is conducted through three reportable business segments: Exchanges, Fixed Income and Data Services, and Mortgage Technology. This presentation is reflective of how our chief operating decision maker reviews and operates our business. The majority of our identifiable assets are located in the U.S and U.K. (see Note 19). Cash and Cash Equivalents, Short-Term and Long-Term Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Cash and Cash Equivalent Margin Deposits and Guaranty Funds Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all short-term, highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Short-Term and Long-Term Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents We classify all cash and cash equivalents that are not available for immediate or general business use by us as restricted in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets (see Note 7). This includes amounts set aside due to regulatory requirements, earmarked for specific purposes, or restricted by specific agreements. We also invest a portion of funds in excess of short-term operating needs in term deposits and investment-grade marketable debt securities, including government or government-sponsored agencies and corporate debt securities. These are classified as cash equivalents, are short-term in nature and carrying amount approximates fair value. Cash and Cash Equivalent Margin Deposits and Guaranty Funds (Cash and Cash Equivalent Margin) Original margin, variation margin and guaranty funds received by our clearing houses may be in the form of cash, invested deposits, government obligations, letters of credit at ICE NGX, European emission allowance certificates, or gold (see Note 14). We hold the cash deposits at central banks, highly-rated financial institutions or at times secure the cash through reverse repurchase agreements or direct investments, certain of which are not cash equivalents. See "Credit Risk and Significant Customers", below. Although not included in short term restricted cash and cash equivalents, cash and cash equivalent margin represents a form of restricted cash, and excludes invested deposits, delivery contracts receivable and unsettled variation margin since those amounts represent invested cash and not a form of restricted cash. Investments We have made various investments in debt securities and equity securities of other companies. We also invest in mutual funds and fixed income securities. We classify all other investments that are not cash equivalents with original maturity dates of less than one year as short-term investments and all investments that we intend to hold for more than one year as long-term investments. Short-term and long-term investments are included in other current and other non-current assets, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Debt Securities We periodically purchase debt securities including U.S. Treasury securities or other high quality sovereign debt for purposes of meeting regulatory capital requirements at certain of our clearing houses. We classify these investments as held-to-maturity securities recorded at amortized cost with amortization of any premium or discount included in interest income in the consolidated statements of income. These short term debt securities are primarily included in restricted short-term investments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2024, we did not have any held-to-maturity debt securities with maturity dates at the time of purchase that exceeded one year. Equity Investments Investments in equity securities, or equity investments, with a readily determinable fair value that are not accounted for under the equity method are carried at fair value with changes in fair value, whether realized or unrealized, recognized in net income. For equity investments that are not accounted for under the equity method and do not have readily determinable fair market values, such as those which are not publicly-listed companies, we apply the measurement alternative. Under the measurement alternative, these investments are recorded at cost minus impairment and adjusted to fair value if and when there is an observable price change in an orderly transaction of a similar or identical investment, with any change in fair value recognized in net income. Our equity investments are included in other non-current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Equity Method Investments When we do not have a controlling financial interest in an entity but exercise significant influence over the entity’s operating and financial policies, such investments are accounted for using the equity method and included in other non-current assets. We recognize dividends when declared as a reduction in the carrying value of our equity method investments. At the end of each reporting period, we record our share of profits or losses of our equity method investments as equity earnings included in other income. We evaluate our equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a decline in value has occurred that is other than temporary. If the investment is determined to have a decline in value deemed to be other than temporary it is written down to estimated fair value. We did not record any impairment charges on our equity method investments in 2024. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is recorded at cost, reduced by accumulated depreciation (see Note 8). Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives of the assets, or in the case of leasehold improvements, the shorter of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvement. We review the remaining estimated useful lives at each balance sheet date and make adjustments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the remaining useful lives have changed. Gains on disposals are included in other income and losses on disposals are included in depreciation expense. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained at a level that we believe to be sufficient to absorb probable losses over the expected life in our accounts receivable portfolio in accordance with ASC 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. We estimate our allowance for doubtful accounts using an aging method, disaggregated based on major revenue stream categories as well as other unique revenue stream factors. The allowance is based on several factors, including continuous assessments of risk characteristics, specific customer events that may impact its ability to meet its financial obligations, and other reasonable and supportable economic characteristics. Accounts receivable are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts when collection efforts cease. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 (in millions):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Beginning balance of allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 24 |
Bad debt expense | 17 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 11 |
Charge-offs | (17) |  |  | (18) |  |  | (13) |
Ending balance of allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 22 |
Charge-offs in the table above represent the write-off of uncollectible receivables, net of recoveries. These amounts also include the impact of foreign currency translation adjustments. Software Development Costs We capitalize costs related to software we develop or obtain for internal use. The costs capitalized include both internal and external direct and incremental costs. General and administrative costs related to developing or obtaining such software are expensed as incurred. Development costs incurred during the preliminary or maintenance project stages are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized and amortized using the straight-line method over the useful life of the software, generally not exceeding three years (except for certain software which has a seven-year useful life). Amortization begins when the software is ready for its intended use. Accrued Employee Benefits We have a defined benefit pension plan and other postretirement benefit plans, or collectively the “benefit plans,” covering certain of our U.S. operations. The benefit accrual for the pension plan is frozen. We recognize the funded status of the benefit plans in our consolidated balance sheets, measure the fair value of plan assets and benefit obligations as of the date of our fiscal year-end, and provide additional disclosures in the footnotes (see Note 17). Benefit plan costs and liabilities are dependent on assumptions used in calculating such amounts. These are provided by a third-party specialist and include discount rates, health care cost trend rates, benefits earned, interest cost, expected return on assets, mortality rates and other factors. Actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, generally affect recognized expense and the recorded obligation in future periods. However, certain of these unrecognized amounts are recognized when triggering events occur, such as when a settlement of pension obligations in excess of total interest and service costs occurs. While we believe that the assumptions used are appropriate, differences in actual experience or changes in assumptions may affect our pension and other post-retirement obligations and future expense recognized. Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of our acquisitions over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired, including other identified intangible assets (see Note 9). We recognize specifically-identifiable intangibles when a specific right or contract is acquired. That value is determined with the assistance of third-party valuation specialists. Goodwill has been allocated to our reporting units for purposes of impairment testing based on the portion of synergy, cost savings and other expected future cash flows expected to benefit the reporting units at the time of the acquisition. The reporting units identified for our goodwill testing are: the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, Other Exchanges, Fixed Income and Data Services, and Mortgage Technology. Goodwill impairment testing is performed annually at the reporting unit level in the fiscal fourth quarter or more frequently if conditions exist that indicate that it may be impaired, or if changes are made to the reporting units. For both goodwill and indefinite-lived impairment testing we have the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. If the fair value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized in earnings in an amount equal to the difference. Alternatively, we may choose to bypass the qualitative option and perform quantitative testing to determine if the fair value is less than carrying value. For our goodwill impairment testing, we have elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and apply the quantitative approach. For our testing of indefinite-lived intangible assets, we apply both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Long-Lived Assets and Finite-Lived Intangible Assets We review our long-lived and finite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable. When these indicators exist, we project undiscounted net future cash flows over the remaining life of such assets. If the sum of the projected cash flows is less than the carrying amount, an impairment would exist, measured based upon the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the assets. Finite-lived intangible assets are generally amortized using the straight-line method over the lesser of their contractual or estimated useful lives. All costs related to internally developed patents and trademarks are expensed as incurred. All costs related to purchased patents, trademarks and internet domain names are recorded as other intangible assets and are amortized using a straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. All costs related to licensed patents are capitalized and amortized using a straight-line method over the term of the license. Derivatives and Hedging Activity Periodically, we may use derivative financial instruments to manage exposure to changes in currency exchange rates. All derivatives are recorded at fair value. We generally do not designate these derivatives as hedges for accounting purposes. Accordingly, changes in fair value are recognized in income. We entered into foreign currency hedging transactions during 2024, 2023 and 2022 as economic hedges to help mitigate a portion of our foreign exchange risk exposure. The gains and losses on these transactions were not material during these years. Income Taxes We recognize income taxes under the liability method. We recognize a current tax liability or tax asset for the estimated taxes payable or refundable on tax returns for the current year. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. We establish valuation allowances if we believe that it is more likely than not that some or all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using current enacted tax rates in effect. We do not recognize a tax benefit unless we conclude that it is more likely than not that the benefit will be sustained on audit by the taxing authority based solely on the technical merits of the associated tax position. If the recognition threshold is met, we recognize a tax benefit measured at the largest amount of the tax benefit that, in our judgment, is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized. We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. We recognize the tax effects related to Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income in the period it is incurred. We are subject to tax in numerous domestic and foreign jurisdictions primarily based on our operations in these jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. Fluctuations in the actual outcome of these future tax consequences could have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. We use a portfolio approach with respect to pension, postretirement benefits plan obligations and currency translation matters when we determine the timing and extent to which stranded income tax effects from items that were previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income are released. Revenue Recognition Our revenues primarily consist of revenues for transactions executed and/or cleared through our global electronic derivatives trading and clearing exchanges and cash equities trading as well as revenues related to our fixed income, data services, mortgage technology services and listings. We recognize revenue when we transfer promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. We also evaluate all contracts in order to determine appropriate gross versus net revenue reporting. Substantially all of our revenues are considered to be revenues from contracts with customers. The related accounts receivable balances are recorded in our balance sheets as customer accounts receivable. We do not have obligations for warranties, returns or refunds to customers, other than rebates, which are settled each period and therefore do not result in variable consideration. We do not have significant revenue recognized from performance obligations that were satisfied in prior periods. Certain judgments and estimates are used in the identification and timing of satisfaction of performance obligations and the related allocation of transaction price. We believe that these represent a faithful depiction of the transfer of services to our customers. A contract asset represents our expectation of receiving consideration in exchange for products or services that we have provided to our customers, but invoicing is contingent on our completion of other performance obligations or contractual milestones. Substantially all of our contract assets are related to contracts with customers in our Mortgage Technology segment and are assessed for impairment periodically. Deferred revenue represents our contract liabilities related to our annual, original and other listings revenues, certain data services, clearing services, mortgage technology services and other revenues. See Note 6 for our discussion of deferred revenue balances, activity, and expected timing of recognition. Our disclosure of transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations excludes amounts from contracts with durations of one year or less and amounts not required to be estimated as part of the transaction price. For all of our contracts with customers, except for listings and certain data, mortgage and clearing services, our performance obligations are short term in nature and there is no significant variable consideration. In addition, we have elected the practical expedient of excluding sales taxes from transaction prices. We capitalize incremental contract acquisition costs that relate directly to an existing contract or a specific anticipated contract and are expected to be recovered. Costs that would have been incurred regardless of whether the contract was obtained are expensed as incurred. As a practical expedient, we expense incremental costs of obtaining a contract if the amortization period of the asset would be one year or less. We also consider whether to capitalize costs to fulfill a contract that may be incurred before we commence performance on an obligation. These costs represent incremental, recoverable external costs and certain internal costs that are directly related to the contract and are primarily associated with costs of resources involved in installation of systems, processes and data conversion. These capitalized costs are amortized on a systematic basis consistent with the transfer to the customer of the solutions or services to which the asset relates. We consider the explicit term of the contract with the customer, expected renewals and the rate of change related to our solutions in determining the amortization period. The balance of our deferred contract costs as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $45 million and $26 million, respectively. Activity Assessment Fees and Section 31 Fees We pay the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, fees pursuant to Section 31 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for transactions executed on our U.S. equities and options exchanges. These Section 31 fees are designed to recover the costs to the government for supervising and regulating the securities markets and securities professionals. We (or the Options Clearing Corporation, or OCC, on our behalf), in turn, collect activity assessment fees, which are included in exchanges revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of income, from member organizations clearing or settling trades on the U.S. equities and options exchanges and recognize these amounts as revenue. Fees received are included in cash at the time of receipt and, as required by law, the amount due to the SEC is remitted semi-annually and recorded as an accrued liability until paid. The activity assessment fees are designed so that they are equal to the Section 31 fees paid by us to the SEC. As a result, Section 31 fees do not have an impact on our net income. Interest on Margin Deposits and Fees Charged for Non-cash Margin For purposes of safeguarding customer funds, guaranty fund and original margin deposits of clearing members and their customers are maintained in accounts with national banks and highly-rated financial institutions or secured through other vehicles. Interest earned on these deposits is provided back to clearing members net of certain costs and administrative fees charged and retained by ICE. The ICE Clearing Houses also charge fees for clearing members pledging non-cash margin in lieu of cash margin, and these fees are fully retained by ICE. The safeguarding of clearing member funds is considered a core part of the clearing houses' operations, and therefore, the net interest and fees are included in total revenues within the consolidated statements of income. Stock-Based Compensation We currently have employee and non-employee director incentive plans from which we grant stock options, restricted shares, and restricted stock units with various service, performance, and/or market conditions. We also have an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP, to provide additional and incentive-based compensation to our employees and directors (see Note 11). Stock options and restricted stock are granted at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. We measure and recognize compensation expense for share-based payment awards, including employee stock options, restricted stock and shares purchased under the ESPP based on estimated fair values on the date of grant, while factoring in an estimated forfeiture rate. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period. We use the Black-Scholes pricing model to value stock option awards as well as shares purchased as part of our ESPP. The values estimated by the model are affected by the price of our stock as well as subjective variables that include assumed interest rates, our expected dividend yield, our expected share price volatility over the term of the awards and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behavior. Under our ESPP, employees may purchase shares of our common stock at a price equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the stock on the first or the last trading day of each offering period. We record compensation expenses related to the discount given to our participating employees. Treasury Stock We record treasury stock activities under the cost method whereby the cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock (see Note 12). In the event it occurs in the future, our accounting policy upon the formal retirement of treasury stock is to deduct the par value from common stock and to reflect any excess of cost over par value as a deduction from additional paid-in capital (to the extent created by previous issuances of the shares) and retained earnings. Credit Risk and Significant Customers Our clearing houses are exposed to credit risk as a result of maintaining clearing member cash deposits at various financial institutions (see Note 14). Cash deposit accounts are established at large, highly-rated financial institutions and entered into so that they restrict the rights of offset or imposition of liens by the banks. We also limit our risk of loss by holding the majority of the cash deposits in cash accounts at certain central banks, short-term reverse repurchase agreements with various counterparties securitized by highly rated sovereign debt or direct investments in short-term high quality sovereign and supranational debt issues primarily with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase. While we seek to achieve a reasonable rate of return which may generate interest income for our clearing members, we are primarily concerned with preservation of capital and managing the risks associated with these deposits. As the clearing houses may pass on interest revenues, minus costs, to the members, this could include negative or reduced yield due to market conditions. When engaging in reverse repurchase agreements, our clearing houses take delivery of the underlying securities in custody accounts under clearing house control. Additionally, the securities purchased have a market value greater than the reverse repurchase amount. The typical haircut received for high quality sovereign debt is 2% of the reverse repurchase amount. Thus, in the event that a reverse repurchase counterparty defaults on its obligation to repurchase the underlying reverse repurchase securities, our clearing house will have possession of securities with a value potentially greater than the reverse repurchase counterparty’s obligation to the clearing house. ICE Clear Credit, a systemically important financial market utility as designated by the Financial Stability Oversight Council, maintains a U.S. dollar account at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago as of December 31, 2024. ICE Clear Europe maintains a euro-denominated account at the European Central Bank, or ECB, the central bank of the EU countries, as well as pounds sterling- and euro-denominated accounts at the Bank of England, or BOE, the central bank of the U.K. These accounts provide the flexibility for ICE Clear Europe to place euro- and pounds sterling-denominated cash margin securely at national banks, in particular during periods when liquidity in the euro and pounds sterling repo markets may temporarily become contracted. Such accounts are intended to decrease ICE Clear Credit and ICE Clear Europe’s custodial, liquidity and operational risk as compared to alternative custodial and investment arrangements. Our futures businesses have minimal credit risk as the majority of their transaction revenues are currently cleared through our clearing houses. Our accounts receivable related to fixed income and data services revenues, cash trading, listing revenues, technology revenues, CDS and bilateral over-the-counter, or OTC, energy transaction revenues and mortgage technology services subjects us to credit (collection) risk, as we do not require these customers to post collateral. We limit our risk of loss by terminating a customer's ability to remain listed or receive data or terminating other services for entities with delinquent accounts. The concentration of risk on accounts receivable is also mitigated by the large number of entities comprising our customer base. There were no individual accounts receivable balances greater than 10% of total consolidated accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. Our accounts receivable are stated at the billed amount. Clearing members are primarily intermediaries and represent a broad range of principal trading firms. If a clearing member ceased its operations, we believe that the trading firms would continue to conduct transactions and would clear those transactions through another clearing member firm. Leases We record our leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. At lease inception, we review the service arrangement and components of a contract to identify if a lease or embedded lease arrangement exists. An indicator of a contract containing a lease is when we have the right to control and use an identified asset over a period of time in exchange for consideration. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recorded at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments to be made over the lease term. As the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable in most of our leases, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Certain lease agreements include options to extend, renew or terminate the lease agreement and these terms are evaluated at inception and on an ongoing basis to determine the lease term. We have elected the short-term lease policy to recognize leases with a term of 12 months or less as rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term and do not recognize these short-term leases on our balance sheet. We have elected the practical expedient of not separating lease and non-lease components as our lease arrangements are not highly dependent on other underlying assets. Our lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Rent expense is included in rent and occupancy expenses and technology and communication expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (see Note 15). Acquisition-Related Transaction and Integration Costs We incur incremental costs relating to our completed and potential acquisitions and other strategic opportunities. This includes fees for investment banking advisors, lawyers, accountants, tax advisors and public relations firms, as well as costs associated with credit facilities and other external costs directly related to the proposed or closed transactions. Integration costs include costs incurred to achieve acquisition synergies including certain severance and retention costs, stock-based compensation, advisory fees and duplicative costs, among others. In accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, acquisition-related transaction and integration costs, excluding costs to issue debt or equity securities, are expensed in the period in which these costs are incurred and the services are received and are not included in the purchase price. The acquisition-related transaction and integration costs incurred during 2024 and 2023 were primarily due to direct costs incurred related to our acquisition and integration of Black Knight and our integration of Ellie Mae Inc., or Ellie Mae (see Note 3) and the acquisition-related transaction and integration costs incurred during 2022 were primarily due to direct costs related to our integration of Ellie Mae. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Our financial instruments consist primarily of certain short-term and long-term assets and liabilities, customer accounts receivable, margin deposits and guaranty funds, equity and equity method investments, and short-term and long-term debt (see Note 18). The fair value of our financial instruments is measured based on a three-level hierarchy: •Level 1 inputs — quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. •Level 2 inputs — observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs other than quoted prices that are directly observable. •Level 3 inputs — unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments and Foreign Currency Transaction Gains and Losses Our functional and reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. We have exposure to foreign currency translation gains and losses arising from our net investment in certain U.K., continental European, Asian and Canadian subsidiaries. The revenues, expenses and financial results of these subsidiaries are recorded in the functional currency of the countries that these subsidiaries are located in, which are primarily pounds sterling and euros. The financial statements of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using a current rate of exchange, with gains or losses, net of tax as applicable, included in the cumulative translation adjustment account, a component of equity. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the portion of our equity attributable to accumulated other comprehensive loss from foreign currency translation adjustments was $285 million and $230 million, respectively. We have foreign currency transaction gains and losses related to the settlement of foreign currency denominated assets, liabilities and payables that occur through our operations. These transaction gains and losses are due to the increase or decrease in the foreign currency exchange rates between periods. Forward contracts on foreign currencies are entered into to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risk. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in other income/(expense) in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and resulted in net losses of $15 million, $12 million and $9 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Earnings Per Common Share Basic earnings per common share is calculated using the weighted average common shares outstanding during the year. Common equivalent shares from stock options and restricted stock awards, using the treasury stock method, are included in the diluted per share calculations unless the effect of inclusion would be antidilutive (see Note 20). Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Standard/Description | Adoption Considerations | Effect on Financial Statements
ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, requires the recognition and measurement of contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Considerations to determine the amount of contract assets and contract liabilities to record at the acquisition date include the terms of the acquired contract, such as timing of payment, identification of each performance obligation in the contract and allocation of the contract transaction price to each identified performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis as of contract inception. This standard was effective beginning in the first quarter of 2023 and should be applied prospectively for acquisitions occurring on or after the effective date of the amendment, with early adoption permitted. | We adopted this ASU early as of December 31, 2022. | We applied the recently adopted pronouncement to our evaluation of the contract assets acquired and contract liabilities assumed as part of the Black Knight acquisition. Refer to Note 3 for more information.
ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, requires enhanced disclosures primarily regarding significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and a description of other segment expense details. The ASU also requires all annual disclosures required by Topic 280 to be included in interim periods. This standard is effective for our 2024 fiscal year and interim periods beginning in the first quarter of 2025, with early adoption permitted. This standard should be applied retrospectively once adopted. | We adopted this ASU as of December 31, 2024 in our annual financial statements. | We applied the recently adopted pronouncement and expanded our segment disclosures by disclosing the title and position of our chief operating decision maker and adding additional segment expense details to align with how our chief operating decision maker reviews expenses. Refer to Note 19 for more information.
Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted in These Financial Statements
Standard/Description | Adoption Considerations | Effect on Financial Statements
ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, requires greater disaggregation of income tax disclosures related to the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The ASU also requires disclosure of income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) disaggregated between domestic and foreign and disclosure of income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations broken out between federal, state/local and foreign. This standard is effective for our annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The ASU applies on a prospective basis to the annual financial statements for the periods beginning after the effective date. Retrospective application in all prior periods presented is permitted. | We do not expect to adopt this ASU early and plan to adopt the ASU for our 2025 annual financial statements. | We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on our income taxes disclosures.
ASU 2024-03, Income Statement- Reporting Comprehensive Income- Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Topic 220): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses requires disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of the income statement, as well disclosures about selling expenses. This standard is effective for our annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. Prospective application is required and retrospective application is permitted. | We do not expect to adopt this ASU early and plan to adopt the ASU for our 2027 annual financial statements. | We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on our income statement disaggregation disclosures.

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