<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000947871-20-000619.txt : 20200710
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20200710163540
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000947871-20-000619
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20200708
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20200710
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20200710

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			CVS HEALTH Corp
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000064803
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	RETAIL-DRUG STORES AND PROPRIETARY STORES [5912]
		IRS NUMBER:				050494040
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-01011
		FILM NUMBER:		201023494

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		ONE CVS DR.
		CITY:			WOONSOCKET
		STATE:			RI
		ZIP:			02895
		BUSINESS PHONE:		4017651500

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		ONE CVS DR.
		CITY:			WOONSOCKET
		STATE:			RI
		ZIP:			02895

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	CVS CAREMARK CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20070509

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	CVS/CAREMARK CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20070322

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	CVS CORP
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19970128
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<p style="font: 18pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font: 18pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="font: 12pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section 13 OR 15(d) of The
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 27%; padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt; text-align: right"><b>July 10, 2020 (<span id="xdx_907_edei--DocumentPeriodEndDate_c20200708__20200708_zfUiqeQIU6c3"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-07-08to2020-07-08" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate">July 8, 2020</ix:nonNumeric></span>)</b></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 7pt; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified
in its charter)</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended
to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS,sans-serif"><span id="xdx_90D_edei--WrittenCommunications_c20200708__20200708_zhMYiYGXFgFc"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-07-08to2020-07-08" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:WrittenCommunications">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span>
&#160;Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS,sans-serif"><span id="xdx_90A_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20200708__20200708_z2q3CNmzxtw9"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-07-08to2020-07-08" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span>
&#160;Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS,sans-serif"><span id="xdx_901_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20200708__20200708_zNsoxwAiJE81"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-07-08to2020-07-08" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span>
&#160;Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS,sans-serif"><span id="xdx_903_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20200708__20200708_zKnJNGxBM1Fc"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-07-08to2020-07-08" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span>&#160;&#160;Pre-commencement
communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 3pt 0 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging
growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td style="width: 2%; padding-right: 2pt; padding-left: 3pt"><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS,sans-serif"><span id="xdx_900_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20200708__20200708_zNHXk6sp1Qx6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-07-08to2020-07-08" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td></tr>
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<tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-right: 3pt; padding-left: 3pt; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.</td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>
<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-top: 3pt; margin-bottom: 12pt; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 1pt; border-bottom: Black 2pt solid">&#160;</div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->
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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>Section 5 - Corporate Governance and Management</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>Item 5.03 Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws;
Change in Fiscal Year.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 27pt">On July 8, 2020, the Board of Directors (the
&#8220;Board&#8221;) of CVS Health Corporation (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) adopted and approved, effective immediately, the amended
and restated By-laws of the Company (the &#8220;Amended and Restated By-laws&#8221;) in order to, among other things:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 27pt">&#160;</p>

<ul style="margin-top: 0in; list-style-type: disc">

<li style="margin: 0">revise and update the timing and information requirements of the advance notice provisions for director nominations
and stockholder proposals&#894;</li>

<li style="margin: 0">revise and update the requirements and procedures for stockholders to call a special meeting of stockholders
and to act by written consent&#894;</li>

<li style="margin: 0">clarify the procedures for stockholder meetings, including those held solely by means of remote communication;</li>

<li style="margin: 0">clarify the powers of the presiding person of a stockholder meeting to adjourn or recess a meeting and to
regulate the conduct of such meeting&#894;</li>

<li style="margin: 0">allow for special meetings of the Board with less than two days&#8217; notice;</li>

<li style="margin: 0">add emergency by-laws allowing the Board to operate with reduced procedural requirements and take other necessary
actions during an emergency condition; and</li>

<li style="margin: 0"><span style="color: black">make certain other updates, clarifications and ministerial and conforming changes</span>.</li>

</ul>

<p style="font: 2pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 31.5pt">The foregoing description of the Amended and
Restated By-laws does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Amended
and Restated By-laws, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 3.1 and incorporated by reference herein.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>Section 9 - Financial Statements and Exhibits</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Exhibits</span>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The exhibits to this Current Report on Form 8-K are as follows:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>INDEX TO EXHIBITS</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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    <td style="width: 86%; padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Description</span></b></span></td></tr>
<tr>
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt"><a href="ss177554_ex0301.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">3.1</a></td>
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt"><a href="ss177554_ex0301.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">By-laws of CVS Health Corporation, as amended and restated.</a></td></tr>
<tr>
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt">104</td>
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt">Cover Page Interactive Data File (the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document).</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 3pt 0 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>
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<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 7pt; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt"><b>CVS HEALTH CORPORATION</b></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt">Date: July 10, 2020</td>
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt">By:</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt"><i>/s/ Colleen M. McIntosh</i></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt">Colleen M. McIntosh</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="padding-top: 2pt; padding-bottom: 2pt">&#160;</td>
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        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 2pt 0 0">Senior Vice President, Corporate Secretary and</p>
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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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    <td style="padding-left: 3pt">&#160;</td>
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<DESCRIPTION>BY-LAWS OF CVS HEALTH CORPORATION
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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">BY-LAWS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">OF</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 6pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">CVS HEALTH CORPORATION</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 5.95pt 0 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">(as amended and restated
July 8, 2020)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.15pt 0 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><BR STYLE="clear: both">
</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0.2pt 0 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
1&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">STOCKHOLDERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.01<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>ANNUAL MEETING. The annual meeting of the stockholders of the corporation for the purpose of electing directors and for
the transaction of such other business as may be brought before the meeting, shall be held at the principal office of the corporation,
or at such other place within or without the State of Delaware stated in the notice of the meeting as the Board of Directors may
determine, on such day and at such time, as the Board of Directors may determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.02<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>SPECIAL MEETINGS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Special meetings of stockholders may be called by the Board of Directors, the Chair of the Board or the Chief Executive
Officer. A special meeting of stockholders shall be called by the Secretary at the written request or requests (each, a &ldquo;Special
Meeting Request&rdquo; and, collectively, the &ldquo;Special Meeting Requests&rdquo;) of holders of record representing, as of
the Meeting Request Record Date (as defined below), at least fifteen percent (15%) of the voting power of the outstanding capital
stock of the corporation entitled to vote on the matter or matters to be brought before the proposed special meeting (the &ldquo;Special
Meeting Requisite Percentage&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>No stockholder may submit a Special Meeting Request unless a stockholder of record has first submitted a request in writing
that the Board of Directors fix a record date (a &ldquo;Meeting Request Record Date&rdquo;) for the purpose of determining stockholders
entitled to submit a Special Meeting Request, which request shall be in proper form and delivered to the Secretary at the principal
executive offices of the corporation. To be in proper form, such request shall (i) bear the signature and the date of signature
by the stockholder of record submitting such request and (ii) include all information required to be set forth in a notice under
Section 1.10(i)(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Within ten (10) days after the corporation receives a request to fix a Meeting Request Record Date in compliance with this
Section 1.02, the Board of Directors shall adopt a resolution fixing a Meeting Request Record Date for the purpose of determining
the stockholders entitled to submit a Special Meeting Request, which date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution
fixing the Meeting Request Record Date is adopted by the Board of Directors. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section
1.02, no Meeting Request Record Date shall be fixed if the Board of Directors determines that any Special Meeting Request that
would be submitted following such Meeting Request Record Date could not comply with the requirements set forth in this Section
1.02.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>To be timely, a Special Meeting Request must be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation
not later than sixty (60) days after the Meeting Request Record Date. A Special Meeting Request to the Secretary shall be signed
and dated by each stockholder of record (or a duly authorized agent of such stockholder) requesting the special meeting, shall
comply with Sections 1.02 and 1.10 (including Section 1.10(iii)), as applicable, and shall include, other than with respect to
a Solicited Stockholder (as defined below): (a) a statement of the specific purpose or purposes of the special meeting, (b) all
information required to be set</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">forth in a notice under Section 1.10(i)(c), (c) an acknowledgement by the stockholder of record
making the Special Meeting Request and any Stockholder Associated Person (as defined below), other than a Solicited Stockholder
(collectively, the &ldquo;Meeting Requesting Stockholders&rdquo;) that a disposition of shares of the corporation&rsquo;s capital
stock owned of record or beneficially as of the date on which the Special Meeting Request in respect of such shares is delivered
to the Secretary that is made at any time prior to the special meeting shall constitute a revocation of such Special Meeting Request
with respect to such disposed shares, and (d) documentary evidence that the Meeting Requesting Stockholders own the Special Meeting
Requisite Percentage as of the date of such Special Meeting Request to the Secretary; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that if
any stockholder of record making the Special Meeting Request is not the beneficial owner of the shares representing the Special
Meeting Requisite Percentage, then to be valid, the Special Meeting Request must also include documentary evidence that the beneficial
owners on whose behalf the Special Meeting Request is made beneficially own the Special Meeting Requisite Percentage as of the
date on which such Special Meeting Request is delivered to the Secretary. In addition, the Meeting Requesting Stockholders shall
promptly provide any other information reasonably requested by the corporation in connection with the Special Meeting Request.
As used herein, &ldquo;Solicited Stockholder&rdquo; means any stockholder that has provided a request to call a special meeting
in response to a solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (as amended
from time to time, the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, by way of a definitive
consent solicitation statement filed on Schedule 14C.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(v)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1.02, the Board of Directors shall not set a Meeting Request Record
Date and a special meeting requested by stockholders shall not be held if (a) the request for a Meeting Request Record Date or
the Special Meeting Request does not comply with this Section 1.02 and Section 1.10 (including Section 1.10(iii)), as applicable,
(b) the request for a Meeting Request Record Date or the Special Meeting Request relates to an item of business that is not a proper
subject for stockholder action under applicable law, (c) the Special Meeting Request includes an item of business that did not
appear in the written request for the Meeting Request Record Date, (d) the request for a Meeting Request Record Date or the Special
Meeting Request is received by the corporation during the period commencing ninety (90) days prior to the first anniversary of
the date of the immediately preceding annual meeting and ending on the date of the next annual meeting, (e) an annual or special
meeting of stockholders that included an identical or substantially similar item of business (&ldquo;Similar Business&rdquo;) was
held not more than one hundred twenty (120) days before the request for a Meeting Request Record Date or a Special Meeting Request
was received by the Secretary, (f) the Board of Directors has called or calls for an annual or special meeting of stockholders
to be held within ninety (90) days after the request for a Meeting Request Record Date or the Special Meeting Request is received
by the Secretary and the business to be conducted at such meeting includes the Similar Business, or (g) the request for a Meeting
Request Record Date or the Special Meeting Request was made in a manner that involved a violation of Regulation 14A under the Exchange
Act or other applicable law. For purposes of this Section 1.02(v), the nomination, election or removal of directors shall be deemed
to be Similar Business with respect to all items of business involving the nomination, election or removal of directors, changing
the size of the Board of Directors and filling of vacancies and/or newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the
authorized number of directors. The Board of Directors shall determine in good faith whether the requirements set forth in this
Section 1.02(v) have been satisfied.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vi)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>In determining whether a Special Meeting Request has been made by the record holders of shares representing in the aggregate
at least the Special Meeting Requisite Percentage, multiple Special Meeting Requests delivered to the Secretary will be considered
together only if (a) each Special Meeting Request identifies the same purpose or purposes of the special meeting</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">and the same matters
proposed to be acted on at the special meeting (in each case as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors), and (b) such
Special Meeting Requests have been dated and delivered to the Secretary within sixty (60) days of the earliest dated Special Meeting
Request. A Meeting Requesting Stockholder may revoke a Special Meeting Request at any time by written revocation delivered to the
Secretary and if, following such revocation, there are outstanding un-revoked requests from Meeting Requesting Stockholders holding
less than the Special Meeting Requisite Percentage, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion, cancel the special meeting.
If none of the Meeting Requesting Stockholders appears or sends a duly authorized agent to present the business to be presented
for consideration that was specified in the Special Meeting Request, the corporation need not present such business for a vote
at such special meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as specified in the notice of meeting (or any
supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors. Nothing contained herein shall prohibit the Board of
Directors from submitting matters to the stockholders at any special meeting requested by stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(viii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Special meetings shall be held at such date and time as may be fixed by the Board of Directors in accordance with these
by-laws; provided, however, that in the case of a special meeting requested by stockholders, the date of any such special meeting
shall not be more than ninety (90) days after a Special Meeting Request that satisfies the requirements of this Section 1.02 is
received by the Secretary. Special meetings shall be held at such place within or without the State of Delaware as is specified
in the notice of meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.03<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>NOTICE OF MEETING; WAIVER; REMOTE MEETINGS. Unless otherwise required by statute, the notice of every meeting of the stockholders
shall be in writing and signed by the Chair of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer (or the President or a Vice President or
the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, in each case acting at the direction of the Chair of the Board or the Chief Executive
Officer) and shall state the date and time when and the place where it is to be held, and a copy thereof shall be served, either
personally or by mail, upon each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting, not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty
(60) days before the meeting. If the meeting to be held is other than the annual meeting of stockholders, the notice shall also
state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called and shall indicate that it is being issued by or at the direction
of the person or persons calling the meeting. If, at any meeting, action is proposed to be taken which would, if taken, entitle
stockholders to receive payment for their shares pursuant to Section 262 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware
(the &ldquo;DGCL&rdquo;), the notice of such meeting shall include a statement of that purpose and to that effect. If the notice
is mailed, it shall be directed to a stockholder at the stockholder&rsquo;s address as it appears on the record of stockholders
unless the stockholder shall have filed with the Secretary a written request that notices intended for the stockholder be mailed
to some other address, in which case it shall be mailed to the address designated in such request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notice of a meeting
need not be given to any stockholder who submits a signed waiver of notice, in person or by proxy, whether before or after the
meeting. The attendance of a stockholder at a meeting, in person or by proxy, without protesting prior to the conclusion of the
meeting the lack of notice of such meeting, shall constitute a waiver of notice by the stockholder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board of Directors,
acting in its sole discretion, may determine that any meeting of stockholders will not be held at any place but will be held solely
by means of remote communication, and may establish guidelines and procedures in accordance with applicable provisions of the DGCL
and any other applicable law or regulation for stockholder and proxyholder participation in a stockholder meeting by means of remote
communication.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.04<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>QUORUM. At any meeting of the stockholders the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote and being present in
person or represented by proxy shall constitute a quorum for all purposes, unless the representation of a different number shall
be required by law or by another provision of these by-laws, and in that case the representation of the number so required shall
constitute a quorum.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">If the holders of
the amount of shares necessary to constitute a quorum shall fail to attend in person or by proxy, the holders of a majority of
the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting, or the chair of the meeting, may adjourn from time to time
without further notice of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting in which the adjournment
is taken.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Furthermore, the
chair of the meeting may adjourn or recess any meeting of stockholders, annual or special, from time to time, to reconvene at the
same or some other place, and notice need not be given of any such adjourned or recessed meeting if the time and place thereof
are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment or recess is taken. If a quorum is present at a meeting that is later adjourned
or recessed, then a quorum shall also be deemed present at the adjourned session of such meeting, unless a new record date is,
or is required to be, set for the adjourned session. At any such adjourned or recessed meeting, any business may be transacted
which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called. If an adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if
after an adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to
each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. Any previously scheduled meeting of stockholders may be rescheduled,
postponed or cancelled by the Board of Directors and the corporation shall publicly announce such rescheduling, postponement or
cancellation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.05<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>ORGANIZATION. The Chair of the Board or, in his or her absence, the Chief Executive Officer or, in his or her absence, the
President, any Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President or Vice President in the order of their seniority, or in any other
order as may be designated by the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee, shall call meetings of the stockholders to order
and shall act as chair of such meetings. In the event of the absence of all such persons and the failure of the Board of Directors
or such Committee to appoint, or set forth a process to appoint, a chair of the meeting, the stockholders present at such meeting
may nominate and appoint any stockholder to act as chair.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Secretary, or,
in his or her absence, an Assistant Secretary, shall act as secretary of all meetings of stockholders, but, in the absence of said
officers, the chair of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The date and time
of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced
at such meeting by the person presiding over the meeting. The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules or regulations
for the conduct of meetings of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and
regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chair of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to
prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chair, are appropriate for
the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed
by the chair of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business
for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order and security at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii)
limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting, to stockholders of record of the corporation, their duly authorized
and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chair shall permit; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time
fixed for the commencement thereof; (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; (vi)&nbsp;determining
when and for how long the polls should be opened and when the polls should be closed; and (vii)&nbsp;restricting the use of audio/video
recording devices, cell phones and other electronic devices. Unless and to the extent determined by the</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify">Board of Directors or the
chair of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with rules of parliamentary procedure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.06<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>VOTING. At each meeting of the stockholders every stockholder of record having the right to vote shall be entitled to vote
either in person or by proxy. Unless a greater number of affirmative votes is required by the certificate of incorporation of the
corporation (the &ldquo;Certificate of Incorporation&rdquo;), these by-laws, the rules or regulations of the principal U.S. exchange
upon which the shares of the corporation are listed, or as otherwise required by law or pursuant to any regulation applicable to
the corporation, if a quorum exists at any meeting of stockholders, stockholders shall have approved any matter, other than the
election of directors pursuant to Section 2.03, if the matter receives the vote of the majority of the votes cast with respect
to that matter. For purposes of this Section 1.06, a majority of votes cast means that the number of votes &ldquo;for&rdquo; a
matter must exceed fifty percent (50%) of the votes cast with respect to that matter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.07<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the corporation must be effected at a duly called annual
or special meeting of such holders or may be effected by a consent in writing by stockholders as provided by, and subject to the
limitations in, the Certificate of Incorporation and this Section 1.07.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting
(the &ldquo;Consent Record Date&rdquo;) shall be fixed by the Board of Directors at the written request or requests of holders
of record representing, as of the Consent Request Record Date (as defined below), at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the voting
power of the outstanding capital stock of the corporation entitled to express consent on the relevant action (the &ldquo;Consent
Requisite Percentage&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>No stockholder may request a Consent Record Date unless a stockholder of record has first submitted a request in writing
that the Board of Directors fix a record date (a &ldquo;Consent Request Record Date&rdquo;) for the purpose of determining stockholders
entitled to request a Consent Record Date, which request shall be in proper form and delivered to the Secretary at the principal
executive offices of the corporation. To be in proper form, the request for a Consent Request Record Date shall: (a) bear the signature
and the date of signature by the stockholder of record submitting such request and (b) include all information required to be set
forth in a notice under Section 1.10(i)(c) as if the action were to be effected at a stockholder meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Within ten (10) days after the corporation receives a request to fix a Consent Request Record Date in compliance with this
Section 1.07, the Board of Directors shall adopt a resolution fixing a Consent Request Record Date for the purpose of determining
the stockholders entitled to request a Consent Record Date, which date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing
the Consent Request Record Date is adopted by the Board of Directors. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section
1.07, no Consent Request Record Date shall be fixed if the Board of Directors determines that any request for a Consent Record
Date that would be submitted following such Consent Request Record Date could not comply with the requirements set forth in this
Section 1.07.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(v)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>To be timely, a request for a Consent Record Date must be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices
of the corporation not later than sixty (60) days after the Consent Request Record Date. A request for a Consent Record Date shall
be signed and dated by each stockholder of record (or duly authorized agent of such stockholder) requesting the Consent Record
Date, shall comply with Sections 1.07 and 1.10 (including Section 1.10(iii)), as applicable,</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">and shall include, other than with
respect to a Solicited Stockholder: (a) all information required to be set forth in a notice under Section 1.10(i)(c) of these
by-laws as though the stockholders making the request were making a Special Meeting Request in furtherance of the proposed action;
(b) an acknowledgment by the stockholder of record making the request and any Stockholder Associated Person (as defined below)
other than a Solicited Stockholder (collectively, the &ldquo;Consent Requesting Stockholders&rdquo;) that a disposition of shares
of the corporation&rsquo;s capital stock, owned of record or beneficially as of the date on which the request in respect of such
shares is delivered to the Secretary, that is made at any time prior to the delivery of the first written consent with respect
to the proposed action shall constitute a revocation of such request with respect to such disposed shares; (c) a statement that
the Consent Requesting Stockholders intend to solicit consents in accordance with Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, without reliance
on the exemption contained in Rule 14a-2(b)(2) of the Exchange Act; and (d) documentary evidence that the Consent Requesting Stockholders
own the Consent Requisite Percentage as of the date that the request is delivered to the Secretary; provided, however, that if
any stockholder of record making the request is not the beneficial owner of the shares representing the Consent Requisite Percentage,
then to be valid, the request must also include documentary evidence that the beneficial owners on whose behalf the request is
made beneficially own the Consent Requisite Percentage as of the date on which such request is delivered to the Secretary. In addition,
the Consent Requesting Stockholders shall promptly provide any other information reasonably requested by the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vi)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>In determining whether a Consent Record Date has been requested by Consent Requesting Stockholders of record representing
in the aggregate at least the Consent Requisite Percentage, multiple requests delivered to the Secretary will be considered together
only if (a) each identifies the same proposed action and includes the same text of the proposal (in each case as determined in
good faith by the Board of Directors), and (b) such requests have been dated and delivered to the Secretary within sixty (60) days
of the earliest dated request. Any stockholder may revoke a request with respect to his or her shares at any time by written revocation
delivered to the Secretary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>In addition to the requirements of this Section 1.07, all actions by written consent in lieu of a meeting and related stockholder
solicitations shall comply with all requirements of applicable law, including all requirements of the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(viii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth above, none of the provisions in this Section 1.07 shall apply to any
solicitation of stockholder action by written consent in lieu of a meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, and
the Board of Directors shall be entitled to solicit stockholder action by written consent in accordance with applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.08<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>INSPECTORS OF ELECTION.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Board of Directors, in advance of any stockholders&rsquo; meeting, shall appoint one or more inspectors of election
(each, an &ldquo;Inspector&rdquo; or &ldquo;Inspector of Election&rdquo; and, collectively, &ldquo;Inspectors&rdquo; or &ldquo;Inspectors
of Election&rdquo;) to act at the meeting or any adjournment or recess thereof. If Inspectors are not so appointed, the person
presiding at a stockholders&rsquo; meeting shall appoint one or more Inspectors. In case any person appointed fails to appear or
act, the vacancy may be filled by appointment made by the Board of Directors in advance of the meeting or at the meeting by the
person presiding thereat. Inspectors shall be sworn.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>In the event of the delivery, in the manner provided by Section 1.07 and applicable law, to the corporation of written consent
or written consents to take corporate action and/or any related revocation or revocations, the corporation shall appoint one or
more Inspectors of Election for the purpose of performing promptly a ministerial review of the validity of the consents and</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">revocations.
For the purpose of permitting the Inspectors to perform such review, no action by written consent and without a meeting shall be
effective until such Inspectors have completed their review, determined that the requisite number of valid and unrevoked consents
delivered to the corporation in accordance with Section 1.07 and applicable law have been obtained to authorize or take the action
specified in the consents, and certified such determination for entry in the records of the corporation kept for the purpose of
recording the proceedings of meetings of stockholders. Nothing contained herein shall in any way be construed to suggest or imply
that the Board of Directors or any stockholder shall not be entitled to contest the validity of any consent or revocation thereof,
whether before or after such certification by the Inspectors, or to take any other action (including, without limitation, the commencement,
prosecution or defense of any litigation with respect thereto, and the seeking of injunctive relief in such litigation).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.09<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>CONDUCT OF ELECTION. At each meeting of the stockholders, votes, proxies, consents and ballots shall be received, and all
questions touching the qualification of voters, the validity of proxies and the acceptance or rejection of votes, shall be decided
by the Inspectors of Election.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.10<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>NOTICE OF NOMINATIONS AND STOCKHOLDER BUSINESS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><I>Annual Meetings of Stockholders.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors or the proposal of other business to be transacted by the
stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders only (1) pursuant to the corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting (or
any supplement thereto), (2) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, (3) by any stockholder
of the corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 1.10(i) through
the date of such annual meeting, who shall be entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth
in this Section 1.10, or (4) pursuant to Section 1.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting of stockholders by a stockholder pursuant
to clause (3) of paragraph (i)(a) of this Section 1.10, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the
Secretary, and any such proposed business (other than the nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors) must constitute
a proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice shall include all information required by these
by-laws and be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal office of the corporation not earlier than
5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day nor later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the ninetieth (90th) day
prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year&rsquo;s annual meeting of stockholders (provided that if such ninetieth (90th)
day occurs on a date that is not a Business Day, then the notice must be delivered or received no later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern
Time on the immediately preceding Business Day); <I>provided, however</I>, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting
is advanced more than thirty (30) days prior to such anniversary date or delayed more than seventy (70) days after such anniversary
date, or if no annual meeting was held in the preceding year, then to be timely such notice must be received by the corporation
no earlier than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such annual meeting and no later than
5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the later of (x) the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting or (y) the tenth (10th) day following
the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the corporation (provided that if such ninetieth
(90th) day or tenth (10th) day, as applicable, occurs on a date that is not a Business Day, then the notice must be delivered or
received no later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the immediately preceding Business Day). In no event shall the</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify">adjournment, recess
or postponement of an annual meeting of stockholders (or the public announcement thereof) commence a new time period (or extend
any time period) for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Notice to the Secretary under this Section 1.10 shall set forth:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director (each a &ldquo;proposed
nominee&rdquo;): (A) the name, age, business address and residential address of such proposed nominee, (B) (i) a written questionnaire
with respect to the background and qualifications of such proposed nominee, completed by such proposed nominee in the form required
by the corporation (which form such stockholder must request in writing from the Secretary prior to submitting notice, and which
the Secretary shall provide to such stockholder within ten (10) days of receiving such request) and (ii) a completed biographical
affidavit required by the national association of insurance commissioners; (C) all information relating to such proposed nominee
that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in a contested election, or is otherwise
required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act; (D) a completed written representation and agreement
in the form required by the corporation (which form such stockholder must request in writing from the Secretary prior to submitting
notice and which the Secretary shall provide to such stockholder within ten (10) days of receiving such request) signed by the
proposed nominee stating that such proposed nominee: (I) is not and will not become party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding
with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such proposed nominee, if elected as a director
of the corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a &ldquo;Voting Commitment&rdquo;) that has not been disclosed to
the corporation or any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such proposed nominee&rsquo;s ability to comply, if
elected as a director of the corporation, with such proposed nominee&rsquo;s fiduciary duties under applicable law; (II) is not
and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement, or understanding with any person or entity other than the corporation
with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement, or indemnification in connection with service or action as
a director that has not been disclosed to the corporation; (III) if elected as a director, will comply with applicable rules of
the exchange upon which the corporation&rsquo;s shares of common stock trade, the Certificate of Incorporation, these by-laws,
and all of the corporation&rsquo;s corporate governance, business conduct, ethics, conflict of interest, confidentiality, or other
corporation policies and guidelines generally applicable to the corporation&rsquo;s directors, and applicable fiduciary duties
under state law, and currently would be in compliance with any such policies and guidelines that have been publicly disclosed;
(IV) consents to being named in the proxy statement for the meeting as a director nominee and to serving a full term as a director
of the corporation if elected; and (V) will provide facts, statements and other information in all communications with the corporation
and its stockholders that are or will be true and correct in all material respects, and that do not and will not omit to state
a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;
and (E) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings
during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among such proposed nominee, on the one hand,</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">and
the stockholder giving notice and any Stockholder Associated Person, on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information
that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 promulgated under Regulation S-K if the stockholder making the nomination
and any Stockholder Associated Person were the &ldquo;registrant&rdquo; for purposes of such rule and the proposed nominee was
a director or executive officer of such registrant;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting: (A) a reasonably brief description of
the business desired to be brought before the meeting; (B) the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions
proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the Certificate of Incorporation or
these by-laws, the language of the proposed amendment); (C) the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting; (D) a complete
and accurate description of any material interest in such business of such stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person in
the proposed business; and (E) all other information relating to such proposed business that would be required to be disclosed
in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made by the stockholder in connection with the solicitation of proxies in support
of such proposed business pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(3)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>as to the stockholder giving the notice, any Stockholder Associated Person and, if applicable, any proposed nominee: (A)
the name and address of such person as they appear on the corporation&rsquo;s books; (B) the class or series and number of shares
of capital stock of the corporation which are, directly or indirectly, held of record and/or are beneficially owned by such person,
the dates such shares were acquired and the investment intent of such acquisition; (C) the name of each nominee holder for securities
of the corporation owned beneficially but not of record by such person, and any pledge by such person for any of such securities;
(D) a complete and accurate description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding, written or oral, (I) between or among such
stockholder and any Stockholder Associated Person or (II) between or among such stockholder, any of the Stockholder Associated
Persons and any other person or entity (including their names), in each case in connection with the proposal of such nomination
or other business, including, without limitation (x) any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to
which such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person has the right to vote any shares of capital stock of the corporation, (y)
that the stockholder or any of the Stockholder Associated Persons may have reached with any stockholder of the corporation (including
the name of such stockholder) with respect to how such stockholder will vote its shares in the corporation at any meeting of the
corporation&rsquo;s stockholders or take other action in support of any such nomination or other business, or other action to be
taken by such stockholder or any of the Stockholder Associated Persons, and (z) any other agreements that would be required to
be disclosed by such stockholder, any Stockholder Associated Person or any other person or entity pursuant to Item 5 or Item 6
of a Schedule 13D in connection with such nomination or other business that would be filed pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange
Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (regardless of whether the requirement to file a Schedule 13D is applicable
to such stockholder, any proposed nominee, any Stockholder Associated Person or any other person or entity); (E) a description
of any agreement, arrangement or understanding, written or oral, (including any</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">derivative or short positions, profit interests,
options, warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions and borrowed or loaned shares
or similar rights with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to any class
or series of capital stock of the corporation or with a value derived in whole or in part from the value of any class or series
of capital stock of the corporation (a &ldquo;Derivative Instrument&rdquo;)) that has been entered into by or on behalf of, or
any other agreement, arrangement or understanding that has been made, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage
risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder, Stockholder Associated
Person or any such nominee with respect to the corporation&rsquo;s securities and any other information about such Derivative Instrument
that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations
of proxies for the election of directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to and in accordance
with Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, if such Derivative Instruments were
treated the same as securities of the corporation under such requirements; (F) any rights to dividends on the shares of the capital
stock of the corporation owned beneficially by such person; (G) any proportionate interest in shares of capital stock of the corporation
or Derivative Instruments held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership or similar entity in which such person
(I) is a general partner or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner or (II) is the manager,
managing member or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in the manager or managing member of a limited liability
company or similar entity; (H) any substantial interest, direct or indirect (including, without limitation, any existing or prospective
commercial, business or contractual relationship with the corporation), by security holdings or otherwise, of such person, in the
corporation or any affiliate thereof, other than an interest arising from the ownership of securities of the corporation where
such person receives no extra or special benefit not shared on a pro rata basis by all other holders of the same class or series;
(I) a complete and accurate description of any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) to which such person may
be entitled as a result of any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the capital stock of the corporation or any Derivative
Instruments; (J) the investment strategy or objective, if any, of such stockholder giving notice and each such Stockholder Associated
Person who is not an individual and a copy of the prospectus, offering memorandum or similar document, if any, provided to investors
or potential investors in such stockholder and each such Stockholder Associated Person; (K) a complete and accurate description
of any pending or, to such person&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened, legal proceeding in which such person is a party or participant
involving the corporation or any publicly-disclosed officer, affiliate or associate of the corporation; (L) whether and the extent
to which any agreement, arrangement or understanding has been made, the effect or intent of which is to increase or decrease the
voting power of such person with respect to any shares of the capital stock of the corporation, without regard to whether such
transaction is required to be reported on a Schedule 13D under the Exchange Act; and (M) any other information relating to such
person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations
of proxies for such business or the contested election of any proposed nominee, or is otherwise required, pursuant to Section 14
of the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">promulgated thereunder;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(4)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>a representation that the stockholder giving notice is a holder of record of stock of the corporation entitled to vote at
such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to bring such nomination or other business before the meeting,
and an acknowledgment that, if such stockholder (or a qualified representative of such stockholder) does not appear to present
such nomination or business at the meeting, the corporation need not present such nomination or business for a vote at such meeting,
notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the corporation; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(5)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT> a representation as to whether such stockholder giving notice or any Stockholder Associated Person intends to, or is part
of a group that intends to, (A) deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the voting
power of the corporation&rsquo;s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or to elect each such nominee
and/or (B) otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal or nomination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">In addition
to the information required above, the corporation may require the stockholder giving notice to furnish such other information
as the corporation may reasonably require to determine the eligibility of a proposed nominee to serve as a director of the corporation
or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder&rsquo;s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such proposed
nominee, under the listing standards of each securities exchange upon which the shares of the corporation are listed, any applicable
rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in determining
and disclosing the independence of the corporation&rsquo;s directors, including those applicable to a director&rsquo;s service
on any of the committees of the Board of Directors, or the requirements of any other laws or regulations applicable to the corporation.
If requested by the corporation, the supplemental information required under this paragraph shall be provided by such stockholder
within ten (10) days after it has been requested by the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><I>Special Meetings of Stockholders</I>. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the corporation
at a special meeting of stockholders may be made by stockholders only (a) in accordance with Section 1.02 or (b) if the election
of directors is included as business to be brought before a special meeting in the corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting (or supplement
thereto), then by any stockholder who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 1.10(ii)
through the date of such special meeting, who shall be entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures
set forth in this Section 1.10(ii). The proposal by stockholders of other business to be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders
may be made only in accordance with Section 1.02. For nominations to be properly brought by a stockholder before a special meeting
of stockholders pursuant to Section 1.10(ii)(b), the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary.
To be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary at the principal office
of the corporation (1) not earlier than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to the date of the
special meeting nor (2) later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the later of (x) the ninetieth (90th) day prior to the date of the
special meeting or (y) the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of the special meeting was
first made (provided that if such ninetieth (90th) day or tenth (10th) day, as applicable, occurs on a date that is not a Business
Day, then the notice must be delivered or received no later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the immediately preceding Business Day).
In no event shall the adjournment, recess or postponement of a special meeting of stockholders (or the public announcement thereof)
commence a new time</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described above. A stockholder&rsquo;s
notice to the Secretary shall set forth all information required to be set forth in a notice for the nomination of a director under
Section 1.10(i) and shall otherwise comply with all applicable requirements of this Section 1.10.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><I>General.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>A stockholder giving notice of any nomination or business to be considered at a meeting of stockholders or action by written
consent shall further update in writing any notice provided pursuant to Section 1.02, Section 1.07 or this Section 1.10, as applicable,
if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice shall be true and correct (1) as of the
record date for determining the stockholders entitled to receive notice of the meeting or act by written consent and (2) as of
the date that is ten (10) Business Days prior to the meeting (or any postponement, adjournment or recess thereof), and such update
shall be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation (x) not later than five (5) Business Days
after the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to receive notice of such meeting or act by written consent (in
the case of an update required to be made under clause (1)) and (y) not later than seven (7) Business Days prior to the date for
the meeting, if practicable, or, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the meeting or any adjournment, recess
or postponement thereof (in the case of an update required to be made pursuant to clause (2)).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>If any information submitted pursuant to Section 1.02, Section 1.07 or this Section 1.10 is inaccurate in any respect, such
information may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with these by-laws. The stockholder providing the notice shall
notify the Secretary in writing at the principal executive offices of the corporation of any inaccuracy or change in any such information
within two (2) Business Days of becoming aware of such inaccuracy or change. Upon written request by the Secretary or the Board
of Directors (or a duly authorized committee thereof), any such stockholder shall provide, within seven (7) Business Days of delivery
of such request (or such other period as may be specified in such request), (1) written verification, reasonably satisfactory to
the Board of Directors, any committee thereof or any authorized officer of the corporation, to demonstrate the accuracy of any
information submitted by the stockholder and (2) a written update of any information (including written confirmation by such stockholder
that it continues to intend to bring such nomination or business before or meeting or by written consent) submitted by the stockholder
as of an earlier date. If the stockholder fails to provide such written verification within such period, the information as to
which written verification was requested may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with Section 1.02, Section 1.07
or this Section 1.10, as applicable<I>.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>At the request of the Board of Directors, any person nominated by the Board of Directors for election as a director shall
furnish to the Secretary the information that is required to be set forth in a stockholder&rsquo;s notice of nomination under this
Section 1.10 that pertains to the nominee. No person shall be eligible to be nominated by a stockholder to serve as a director
of the corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.10, Section 1.11 (in the case
of an annual meeting), Section 1.02 (in the case of a special meeting) or Section 1.07 (in the case of a written consent). The
number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at a meeting or by written consent may not exceed the number of directors
serving on the Board of Directors on the date the notice is first given, except as otherwise provided under Section 1.11. The chair
of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with
the procedures prescribed by</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify">this Section 1.10 or that business was not properly brought before the meeting, and if he or she should
so determine, he or she shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded or such business shall
not be transacted, as the case may be. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1.10, unless otherwise required
by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting
of stockholders of the corporation to present a nomination or other proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded or
such proposed business shall not be transacted, as the case may be, and no vote shall be taken with respect to such nomination
or proposed business, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the corporation. For purposes
of this Section 1.10, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer,
manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission
delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce
such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of
stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Without limiting the foregoing provisions of this Section 1.10, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements
of state law and the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder, with respect to the matters set forth in this Section
1.10. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, nothing in this Section 1.10 is intended to and shall be deemed to affect
any rights of stockholders to submit a proposal to the corporation in compliance with Rule 14a-8 promulgated under the Exchange
Act for inclusion in a proxy statement that has been prepared by the corporation to solicit proxies for the meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>As used in these by-laws, (1)&nbsp;an &ldquo;affiliate&rdquo; and &ldquo;associate&rdquo; each have the respective meanings
set forth in Rule&nbsp;12b-2 under the Exchange Act (or any successor provision at law), (2)&nbsp;&ldquo;Business Day&rdquo; means
any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday, a legal holiday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized
or obligated by law or regulation to close, (3) &ldquo;public announcement&rdquo; shall include disclosure in a press release reported
by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the corporation
with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and (4) &ldquo;Stockholder
Associated Person&rdquo; shall mean (A)&nbsp;any person who is a member of a &ldquo;group&rdquo; (as such term is used in Rule&nbsp;13d&#45;5
under the Exchange Act (or any successor provision at law)) with or otherwise acting in concert with such stockholder providing
notice, (B)&nbsp;any beneficial owner of shares of stock of the corporation owned of record by such stockholder (other than a stockholder
that is a depositary), (C)&nbsp;any affiliate or associate of such stockholder or such Stockholder Associated Person, (D)&nbsp;any
participant (as defined in paragraphs&nbsp;(a)(ii)&#45;(vi) of Instruction 3 to Item&nbsp;4 of Schedule&nbsp;14A, or any successor
instructions) with such stockholder or other Stockholder Associated Person in respect of any proposals or nominations, as applicable,
and (E) a proposed nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.11<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>PROXY ACCESS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><I>Proxy Access Right.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Subject to the terms and conditions of these by-laws, the corporation shall include in its proxy materials for an annual
meeting of stockholders the name of, and the other Required Information (as defined in clause (b) of this Section 1.11(i)) with
respect</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify">to, any Stockholder Nominee (as defined in Section 1.11(iv)(a) below) nominated by an Eligible Stockholder (as defined
in Section 1.11(ii)(a) below) for election or reelection to the Board of Directors at such annual meeting of stockholders in accordance
with this Section 1.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>&ldquo;Required Information&rdquo; means (1) the information set forth in the Schedule 14N provided with the Stockholder
Notice (as defined in Section 1.11(v)(a) below) concerning each Stockholder Nominee that the corporation determines is required
to be disclosed in the corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials by the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and
regulations thereunder, and (2) if the Eligible Stockholder so elects, a written statement (the &ldquo;Statement&rdquo;) of the
Eligible Stockholder, not to exceed 500 words, in support of each Stockholder Nominee, which must be provided at the same time
as the Stockholder Notice for inclusion in the corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials for the annual meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>This Section 1.11 shall be the exclusive method for stockholders to include nominees for director election in the corporation&rsquo;s
proxy materials.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><I>Eligible Stockholders.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>&ldquo;Eligible Stockholder&rdquo; means one or more stockholders or beneficial owners that expressly elect at the time
of the delivery of the Stockholder Notice to have a Stockholder Nominee included in the corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials, (2)
Own and have Owned (as defined in Section 1.11(iii) below) continuously for at least three (3) years as of the date of the Stockholder
Notice, a number of shares that represents at least three percent (3%) of the outstanding shares entitled to vote as of the date
of the Stockholder Notice (the &ldquo;Required Shares&rdquo;), and (3) satisfy such additional requirements as are set forth in
these by-laws, including subsections (b) and (c) below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>For purposes of determining qualification as an Eligible Stockholder, the outstanding shares Owned by one or more stockholders
and beneficial owners that each stockholder and/or beneficial owner has Owned continuously for at least three (3) years as of the
date of the Stockholder Notice may be aggregated; provided that the number of stockholders and beneficial owners whose Ownership
of shares is aggregated for such purpose shall not exceed twenty (20) and that any and all requirements and obligations for an
Eligible Stockholder set forth in this Section 1.11 are satisfied by each such stockholder and beneficial owner (except as noted
with respect to aggregation) or as otherwise provided in this Section 1.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>For purposes of determining qualification as an Eligible Stockholder, two or more funds that are (1) under common management
and investment control, (2) under common management and funded primarily by a single employer, or (3) a &ldquo;group of investment
companies,&rdquo; as such term is defined in Section 12(d)(1)(G)(ii) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, shall be
treated as one (1) stockholder or beneficial owner.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>No shares may be attributed to more than one (1) group constituting an Eligible Stockholder (and no stockholder or beneficial
owner, alone or together with any of its affiliates, may be a member of more than one (1) group constituting an Eligible Stockholder)
under this Section 1.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><I>Ownership Requirements.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify"><I></I></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>A stockholder or beneficial owner shall be deemed to &ldquo;Own&rdquo; only those outstanding shares as to which such person
possesses both (1) the full voting and investment rights pertaining to the shares and (2) the full economic interest in (including
the opportunity for profit and risk of loss on) such shares; provided that the number of shares calculated in accordance with clauses
(1) and (2) above shall not include any shares (A) sold by such person or any of its affiliates in any transaction that has not
been settled or closed, including any short sale, (B) borrowed by such person or any of its affiliates for any purposes or purchased
by such person or any of its affiliates pursuant to an agreement to resell, or (C) subject to any option, warrant, forward contract,
swap, contract of sale, or other derivative or similar agreement entered into by such person or any of its affiliates, whether
any such instrument or agreement is to be settled with shares or with cash based on the notional amount or value of outstanding
shares, in any such case which instrument or agreement has, or is intended to have, or if exercised would have, the purpose or
effect of (x) reducing in any manner, to any extent or at any time in the future, such person&rsquo;s or its affiliates&rsquo;
full right to vote or direct the voting of any such shares, and/or (y) hedging, offsetting, or altering to any degree any gain
or loss arising from the full economic ownership of such shares by such person or its affiliate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>A stockholder or beneficial owner shall be deemed to &ldquo;Own&rdquo; shares held in the name of a nominee or other intermediary
so long as the person retains the right to instruct how the shares are voted with respect to the election of directors and possesses
the full economic interest in the shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>A stockholder or beneficial owner&rsquo;s Ownership of shares shall be deemed to continue during any period in which the
person has delegated any voting power by means of a proxy, power of attorney, or other instrument or arrangement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>A stockholder or beneficial owner&rsquo;s Ownership of shares shall be deemed to continue during any period in which the
person has loaned such shares provided that the person has the power to recall such loaned shares on five (5) Business Days&rsquo;
notice, the person promptly recalls the loaned shares upon being notified that its Stockholder Nominee will be included in the
corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials for the relevant annual meeting of stockholders, and the person holds the recalled shares through
such annual meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The terms &ldquo;Owned,&rdquo; &ldquo;Owning,&rdquo; &ldquo;Ownership&rdquo; and other variations of the word &ldquo;Own,&rdquo;
when used with respect to a stockholder or beneficial owner, shall have correlative meanings.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><I>Stockholder Nominees.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>&ldquo;Stockholder Nominee&rdquo; means any nominee for election or reelection to the Board of Directors who satisfies the
eligibility requirements in this Section 1.11, and who is identified in a timely and proper Stockholder Notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The maximum number of Stockholder Nominees that may be included in the corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials pursuant to this
Section 1.11 shall not exceed the greater of two or twenty percent (20%) of the number of directors in office as of the last day
on which a Stockholder Notice may be delivered pursuant to this Section 1.11 with respect to the annual meeting of stockholders,
or if such calculation does not result in a whole number, the closest whole number below twenty percent (20%); provided, however,
that this maximum number shall be reduced by (1) any Stockholder Nominee whose name was submitted for inclusion in the corporation&rsquo;s
proxy materials pursuant to this Section 1.11</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify">but either is subsequently withdrawn or that the Board of Directors decides to nominate
as a Board nominee, (2) any director candidate who had been a Stockholder Nominee at any of the preceding two (2) annual meetings
of stockholders and whose reelection at the upcoming annual meeting of stockholders is being recommended by the Board of Directors,
(3) any director candidate for which the corporation shall have received one or more valid shareholder notices (whether or not
subsequently withdrawn) nominating director candidates pursuant to Section 1.10, other than any such director referred to in this
clause (3) who at the time of such annual meeting will have served as director continuously, as a nominee of the Board of Directors,
for at least two (2) annual terms, but only to the extent the maximum number after such reduction with respect to this clause (3)
equals or exceeds one (1), and (4) any director candidate who will be included in the corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials with
respect to such annual meeting as an unopposed (by the corporation) nominee pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or other understanding
with any stockholder or group of stockholders (other than any such agreement, arrangement or understanding entered into in connection
with an acquisition of shares of capital stock of the corporation, by such stockholder or group of stockholders, from the corporation),
other than any such director referred to in this clause (4) who at the time of such annual meeting will have served as a director
continuously, as a nominee of the Board of Directors, for at least (2) annual terms, but only to the extent the maximum number
after such reduction with respect to this clause (4) equals or exceeds one (1).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>In the event that one or more vacancies for any reason occurs after the deadline in Section 1.11(vi) for delivery of the
Stockholder Notice but before the annual meeting of stockholders and the Board of Directors resolves to reduce the size of the
Board of Directors in connection therewith, the maximum number of Stockholder Nominees shall be calculated based on the number
of directors in office as so reduced.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>In the event that the number of Stockholder Nominees submitted by Eligible Stockholders pursuant to this Section 1.11 exceeds
this maximum number, the corporation shall determine which Stockholder Nominees shall be included in the corporation&rsquo;s proxy
materials in accordance with the following provisions: each Eligible Stockholder (or in the case of a group, each group constituting
an Eligible Stockholder) will select one (1) Stockholder Nominee for inclusion in the corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials until
the maximum number is reached, going in order of the amount (largest to smallest) of shares of the corporation each Eligible Stockholder
disclosed as Owned in its respective Stockholder Notice submitted to the corporation. If the maximum number is not reached after
each Eligible Stockholder (or in the case of a group, each group constituting an Eligible Stockholder) has selected one (1) Stockholder
Nominee, this selection process will continue as many times as necessary, following the same order each time, until the maximum
number is reached.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Following the determination of which Stockholder Nominees shall be included in the corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials,
if any Stockholder Nominee who satisfies the eligibility requirements in this Section 1.11 is thereafter nominated by the Board
of Directors, thereafter is not included in the corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials or thereafter is not submitted for director
election for any reason (including the Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s or Stockholder Nominee&rsquo;s failure to comply with this
Section 1.11), no other nominee or nominees shall be included in the corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials or otherwise submitted
for director election in substitution thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Any Stockholder Nominee who is included in the corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials for a particular annual meeting of stockholders
will be ineligible to be a</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify">Stockholder Nominee pursuant to this Section 1.11 for the next two (2) annual meetings of stockholders
if such Stockholder Nominee either (1) withdraws from or becomes ineligible or unavailable for election at the annual meeting of
stockholders for any reason, including for the failure to comply with any provision of these by-laws, provided that in no event
shall any such withdrawal, ineligibility or unavailability commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving
of a Stockholder Notice or (2) does not receive a number of votes cast in favor of his or her election at least equal to twenty-five
percent (25%) of the shares present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote in the election of directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 1.11, the corporation may disregard the nomination of
a Stockholder Nominee (and may, if the determination is made prior to the mailing of the proxy materials, omit from its proxy materials
such Stockholder Nominee), and no vote on such Stockholder Nominee will occur, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such
vote may have been received by the corporation or that such Stockholder Nominee may have been included in the proxy materials,
up to and until the certification of the voting results of that annual meeting of stockholders, if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the Eligible Stockholder (or any member of any group of stockholders that together is such Eligible Stockholder) or Stockholder
Nominee breaches any of its respective agreements, representations, or warranties set forth in the Stockholder Notice (or otherwise
submitted pursuant to this Section 1.11), any of the information in the Stockholder Notice (or otherwise submitted pursuant to
this Section 1.11) was not, when provided, true, correct and complete, or the requirements of this Section 1.11 have otherwise
not been met;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the Stockholder Nominee (A) is not independent for purposes of membership on the Board of Directors, the audit committee,
management planning and development committee and nominating and corporate governance committee of the Board of Directors under
the listing standards of the principal U.S. exchange upon which the shares of the corporation are listed, any applicable rules
of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in determining and
disclosing the independence of the corporation&rsquo;s directors, (B) does not qualify as a &ldquo;non-employee director&rdquo;
under Exchange Act Rule 16b-3, or as an &ldquo;outside director&rdquo; for the purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue
Code (or any successor provision), (C) is or has been, within the past three (3) years, an officer or director of a competitor,
as defined in Section 8 of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, as amended, (D) is a named subject of a pending criminal proceeding
(excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses) or has been convicted in a criminal proceeding within the past ten (10)
years, (E) is subject to any order of the type specified in Rule 506(d) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(3)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the election of the Stockholder Nominee to the Board of Directors would cause the corporation to be in violation of the
Certificate of Incorporation, these by- laws, or any applicable state or federal law, rule, regulation or listing standard.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(v)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><I>Stockholder Notice Requirements.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>&ldquo;Stockholder Notice&rdquo; means a notice given by or on behalf of an Eligible</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify">Stockholder that specifies the name
of the Stockholder Nominee(s) nominated for election or reelection to the Board of Directors in accordance with this Section 1.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>A Stockholder Notice shall include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the written consent of each Stockholder Nominee to being named in the corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials as a nominee and
to serving as a director if elected;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>a copy of the Schedule 14N that has been or concurrently is filed with the SEC under Exchange Act Rule 14a-18;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(3)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings
during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among the Eligible Stockholder and its affiliates
and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the one hand, and each Stockholder Nominee, and each Stockholder Nominee&rsquo;s
respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the other hand, including, without limitation all
information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K if the Eligible Stockholder making the
nomination or on whose behalf the nomination is made, or any affiliate or associate thereof or person acting in concert therewith,
were the &ldquo;registrant&rdquo; for the purposes of Item 404 and the Stockholder Nominee were a director or executive officer
of such registrant;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(4)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the information specified under Section 1.10(i)(c); and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(5)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the written agreement of the Eligible Stockholder (or in the case of a group, each stockholder or beneficial owner whose
shares are aggregated for purposes of constituting an Eligible Stockholder) addressed to the corporation, which written agreement
will include the Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(A)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;
</FONT>disclosure of, and certification as to, the number of shares it Owns and has Owned continuously for at least three (3) years
as of the date of the Stockholder Notice and agreement to continue to Own such shares through the annual meeting of stockholders,
which information shall also be included in the Schedule 14N filed by the Eligible Stockholder with the SEC;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(B)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;
</FONT>agreement to provide within (5) Business Days of the record date of the annual meeting of stockholders, (I) the information
specified under Section 1.10(i)(c) and (II) written statements from the record holder and intermediaries as required under Section
1.11(vii)(a)(1) verifying the Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s continuous Ownership of the Required Shares, in each case, through and
as of the record date;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(C)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;
</FONT>representation and warranty that it (I) acquired the Required Shares in the ordinary course of business and not with the
intent to change or influence control at the corporation, and does not presently have any such intent, (II) has not nominated and
will not nominate for election to the Board of Directors at the annual meeting of stockholders any person other than the Stockholder
Nominee(s) being nominated pursuant to this Section 1.11, (III) has not engaged and will not engage in, and has not been</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 2in; text-align: justify">and will
not be a participant (as defined in Item 4 of Exchange Act Schedule 14A) in, a solicitation within the meaning of Exchange Act
Rule 14a-1(l), in support of the election of any individual as a director at the annual meeting of stockholders other than its
Stockholder Nominee(s) or a nominee of the Board of Directors, and (IV) will not distribute any form of proxy for the annual meeting
of stockholders other than the form distributed by the corporation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(D)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;
</FONT>agreement to (I) assume all liability stemming from any legal or regulatory violation arising out of the Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s
communications with the stockholders of the corporation or out of the information that the Eligible Stockholder provided to the
corporation, (II) indemnify and hold harmless (jointly with all other group members, in the case of a group member) the corporation
and each of its directors, officers and employees individually against any liability, loss, damages, expenses or other costs (including
attorney&rsquo;s fees) in connection with any threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding, whether legal, administrative or
investigative, against the corporation or any of its directors, officers or employees arising out of any nomination submitted by
the Eligible Stockholder pursuant to this Section 1.11, (III) comply with all laws, rules, regulations and listing standards applicable
to any solicitation in connection with the annual meeting of stockholders, (IV) file all materials described below in Section 1.11(vii)(a)(3)
with the SEC, regardless of whether any such filing is required under Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act, or whether
any exemption from filing is available for such materials thereunder, (V) provide to the corporation prior to the annual meeting
of stockholders such additional information as necessary or reasonably requested by the corporation, and (VI) provide a statement
of whether or not the Eligible Stockholder intends to maintain Ownership of the Required Shares for at least one (1) year following
the annual meeting, which statement shall also be included in the Schedule 14N filed with the SEC;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(E)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>in the case of a nomination by a group of stockholders or beneficial owners that together is an Eligible Stockholder, the
written agreement described in clause (4) of this Section 1.11(v)(b) (or another agreement or instrument) shall include a designation
by all group members of one (1) group member that is authorized to act on behalf of all such members with respect to the nomination
and matters related thereto, including withdrawal of the nomination; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(F)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>agreement to immediately notify the corporation if the Eligible Stockholder ceases to own any of the Required Shares prior
to the date of the applicable annual meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vi)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><I>Delivery of Stockholder Notice.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>To be timely under this Section 1.11, the Stockholder Notice shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the Secretary
at the principal office of the corporation not earlier than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the one hundred fiftieth (150th) day nor
earlier than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to the first anniversary of the date (as stated
in the corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement) the</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify">definitive proxy statement was first sent to stockholders in connection with the
preceding year&rsquo;s annual meeting of stockholders (provided that if such one hundred twentieth (120th) day occurs on a date
that is not a Business Day, then the notice must be delivered or received no later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the immediately
preceding Business Day); provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced more than thirty
(30) days prior to the anniversary date of the preceding year&rsquo;s annual meeting or delayed more than seventy (70) days after
such anniversary date, or if no annual meeting was held in the preceding year, then to be timely the Stockholder Notice must be
received by the corporation no earlier than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the one hundred fiftieth (150th) day prior to such annual
meeting and no later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the later of (x) the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such annual
meeting and (y) the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by
the corporation (provided that if such one hundred twentieth (120th) day or tenth (10th) day, as applicable, occurs on a date that
is not a Business Day, then the notice must be delivered or received no later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the immediately preceding
Business Day).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment, recess or postponement of an annual meeting of stockholders
commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a Stockholder Notice in accordance with this Section 1.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><I>Agreements of the Eligible Stockholder.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>An Eligible Stockholder must:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>within five (5) Business Days after the date of the Stockholder Notice, provide one or more written statements from the
record holder(s) of the Required Shares and from each intermediary through which the Required Shares are or have been held, in
each case during the requisite three-year holding period, specifying the number of shares that the Eligible Stockholder Owns, and
has Owned continuously, in compliance with this Section 1.11;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>include in the Schedule 14N filed with the SEC a statement certifying that it Owns and has Owned the Required Shares in
compliance with this Section 1.11;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(3)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>file with the SEC any solicitation or other communication by or on behalf of the Eligible Stockholder relating to the corporation&rsquo;s
annual meeting of stockholders, one or more of the corporation&rsquo;s directors or director nominees or any Stockholder Nominee,
regardless of whether any such filing is required under Exchange Act Regulation 14A or whether any exemption from filing is available
for such solicitation or other communication under Exchange Act Regulation 14A; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(4)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>as to any group of funds whose shares are aggregated for purposes of constituting an Eligible Stockholder, within five (5)
Business Days after the date of the Stockholder Notice, provide documentation reasonably satisfactory to the corporation that demonstrates
that the funds satisfy Section 1.11(ii)(c).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The information provided pursuant to this Section 1.11(vii) shall be deemed part of the Stockholder Notice for purposes
of this Section 1.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(viii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><I>Agreements of the Stockholder Nominee</I>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Within the time period prescribed in Section 1.11(vi) for delivery of the Stockholder Notice, the Eligible Stockholder must
also deliver to the Secretary a written representation and agreement (which shall be deemed part of the Stockholder Notice for
purposes of this Section 1.11) signed by each Stockholder Nominee and representing and agreeing that such Stockholder Nominee:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement, or understanding with, and has not given any commitment
or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such Stockholder Nominee, if elected as a director, will act or vote on any issue
or question, which such agreement, arrangement, or understanding has not been disclosed to the corporation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement, or understanding with any person with respect to any direct
or indirect compensation, reimbursement, or indemnification in connection with service or action as a Stockholder Nominee or as
a director, in each case, that has not been disclosed to the corporation; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(3)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>if elected as a director, will comply with all of the corporation&rsquo;s corporate governance, business conduct, conflict
of interest, confidentiality, insider trading and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines, and any other corporation
policies and guidelines applicable to directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>At the request of the corporation, the Stockholder Nominee must promptly, but in any event within five (5) Business Days
after such request, submit all completed and signed questionnaires required of the corporation&rsquo;s directors and provide to
the corporation such other information as it may reasonably request. The corporation may request such additional information as
necessary to permit the corporation to determine if each Stockholder Nominee satisfies this Section 1.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ix)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><I>Additional Provisions.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Board of Directors (and any other person or body authorized by the Board of Directors) shall have the power and authority
to interpret this Section 1.11 and to make any and all determinations necessary or advisable to apply this Section 1.11 to any
persons, facts or circumstances, including the power to determine (1) whether one or more stockholders or beneficial owners qualifies
as an Eligible Stockholder, (2) whether a Stockholder Notice complies with this Section 1.11 and has otherwise met the requirements
of this Section 1.11, whether a Stockholder Nominee satisfies the qualifications and requirements in this Section 1.11, and (4)
whether any and all requirements of this Section 1.11 (or any applicable requirements of Section 1.10) have been satisfied. Any
such interpretation or determination adopted in good faith by the Board of Directors (or any other person or body authorized by
the Board of Directors) shall be binding on all persons, including the corporation and its stockholders (including any beneficial
owners).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 1.11, unless otherwise required by law or otherwise determined
by the chair of the meeting or the Board of Directors, if (1) the Eligible Stockholder, or (2) a qualified representative of the
Eligible Stockholder does not appear at the annual meeting of stockholders of the corporation to present its Stockholder Nominee(s),
such nomination or nominations shall be disregarded</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify">and no vote shall be taken with respect to such Stockholder Nominee(s), notwithstanding
that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the corporation. For purposes of this Section 1.11, to be considered
a qualified representative of the Eligible Stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such
Eligible Stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such Eligible Stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered
by such Eligible Stockholder to act for such Eligible Stockholder as proxy at the annual meeting of stockholders and such person
must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at
the annual meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>In the event that any information or communications provided by the Eligible Stockholder or any Stockholder Nominees to
the corporation or its stockholders is not, when provided, or thereafter ceases to be, true, correct and complete in all material
respects (including omitting a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading), each Eligible Stockholder or Stockholder Nominee, as the case may be, shall promptly notify the Secretary
and provide the information that is required to make such information or communication true, correct, complete and not misleading;
it being understood that providing any such notification shall not be deemed to cure any such defect or limit the corporation&rsquo;s
right to omit a Stockholder Nominee from its proxy materials pursuant to this Section 1.11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 1.11, the corporation may omit from its proxy materials
any information or Statement (or portion thereof) that it, in good faith, believes would violate any applicable law, rule, regulation
or listing standard. Nothing in this Section 1.11 shall limit the ability of the corporation to solicit proxies against any Stockholder
Nominee or to include in its proxy materials its own statements or any other additional information relating to any Eligible Stockholder
or Stockholder Nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
2&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">BOARD
OF DIRECTORS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.01<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>NUMBER OF DIRECTORS. The number of directors of the corporation shall be not less than three (3) nor more than eighteen
(18), as determined by action of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.02<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>TERM, VACANCIES AND NEWLY CREATED DIRECTORSHIPS. Directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders to hold
office until the next annual meeting and until their respective successors have been duly elected and have qualified. Vacancies
in the Board of Directors, from any cause whatsoever, and newly created directorships shall be filled by the vote of a majority
of the remaining directors, though less than a quorum. Directors need not be stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.03<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>MAJORITY VOTING. Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.04, each director shall be elected by the vote of the majority
of the votes cast with respect to that director&rsquo;s election at any meeting for the election of directors at which a quorum
is present. For purposes of this Section 2.03, a majority of votes cast means that the number of votes &ldquo;for&rdquo; a director&rsquo;s
election must exceed fifty percent (50%) of the votes cast with respect to that director&rsquo;s election. Votes &ldquo;against&rdquo;
a director&rsquo;s election will count as votes cast, but &ldquo;abstentions&rdquo; and &ldquo;broker non-votes&rdquo; will not
count as votes cast with respect to that director&rsquo;s election.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.04<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>CONTESTED ELECTIONS. If, as of the deadline for director nominations under Section 1.10 of Article I for a meeting of stockholders
for which directors are to be elected, the number of nominees for election of directors exceeds the number of directors to be elected
(a &ldquo;Contested Election&rdquo;), the nominees receiving a plurality of the votes cast by holders of shares entitled to vote
in the election at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be elected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.05<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>RESIGNATION AND REPLACEMENT OF UNSUCCESSFUL INCUMBENT DIRECTOR.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>In order for any incumbent director to become a nominee of the Board of Directors for further service on the Board of Directors,
such person must submit an irrevocable resignation, which resignation shall become effective upon (a) that person not receiving
a majority of the votes cast in an election that is not a Contested Election, and (b) acceptance by the Board of Directors of that
resignation in accordance with the policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Directors for such purpose..</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Board of Directors, acting on the recommendation of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, shall no later
than at its first regularly scheduled meeting following certification of the shareholder vote, determine whether to accept the
resignation of the unsuccessful incumbent. Absent a determination by the Board of Directors that a compelling reason exists for
concluding that it is in the best interests of the corporation for an unsuccessful incumbent to remain as a director, no such person
shall be elected by the Board of Directors to serve as a director, and the Board of Directors shall accept that person&rsquo;s
resignation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Board of Directors shall promptly consider and act upon the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee&rsquo;s recommendation.
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, in making this recommendation and the Board of Directors, in acting on such
recommendation, may consider any factors or other information that they determine appropriate and relevant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>If the Board of Directors determines to accept the resignation of an unsuccessful incumbent, the Nominating and Corporate
Governance Committee shall recommend a candidate to the Board of Directors to fill the office formerly held by the unsuccessful
incumbent, unless the Board of Directors decides to decrease the size of the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 2.01.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(v)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and the Board of Directors shall take the actions required under this
Section 2.05 without the participation of any unsuccessful incumbent except that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>If every member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is an unsuccessful incumbent, then a majority of the
Board of Directors shall appoint a Board committee (the &ldquo;Special Nominating Committee&rdquo;) of independent directors (as
defined below) for the purpose of considering the tendered resignations and making a recommendation to the Board of Directors whether
to accept or reject them; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>If the number of independent directors who are not unsuccessful incumbents is three or fewer, all directors may participate
in the decisions under this Section 2.05.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>As used above, the term &ldquo;independent director&rdquo; shall mean a director who complies with the &ldquo;independent
director&rdquo; requirements under the rules of the principal U.S. exchange upon which the shares of the corporation are listed,
under law or under any rule or regulation of any other regulatory body or self-regulatory body applicable to the</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 1in; text-align: justify">corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vi)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>If the Board of Directors accepts the resignation of a director who is an unsuccessful incumbent pursuant to this by-law,
or if a nominee for director who is not an incumbent director does not receive more than fifty percent (50%) of the votes cast
with respect to that director&rsquo;s election, then the Board of Directors may fill the resulting vacancy pursuant to Section
2.02, or may decrease the size of the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 2.01.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.06<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>RESIGNATION. Any director may resign at any time upon notice given in writing or by electronic transmission to the Chair
of the Board or to the Secretary. A resignation is effective when the resignation is delivered unless the resignation specifies
(i) a later effective date or (ii) an effective date determined upon the happening of an event or events (including but not limited
to a failure to receive more than fifty percent (50%) of the votes cast in an election and the Board of Directors&rsquo; acceptance
of the resignation).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.07<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>GENERAL POWERS OF DIRECTORS. The business of the corporation shall be managed under the direction of its Board of Directors
subject to the restrictions imposed by law and by the Certificate of Incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.08<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>MEETINGS OF DIRECTORS. The directors may hold their meetings and may keep an office and maintain the books of the corporation,
except as otherwise provided by statute, in such place or places in the State of Delaware or outside the State of Delaware as the
Board of Directors may, from time to time, determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any action required
or permitted to be taken by the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting if all of the directors consent in writing to
the adoption of a resolution authorizing the action, and in such event the resolution and the written consent of all directors
thereto shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any one or more
directors may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment
allowing all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other at the same time, and participation by such means shall constitute
presence in person at a meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.09<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>REGULAR MEETINGS. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at the principal office of the corporation in
the county of Providence, city of Woonsocket, State of Rhode Island, or at such other place within or without the State of Delaware
as shall be designated in the notice of the meeting as follows: one (1) meeting shall be held immediately following the annual
meeting of stockholders unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, and further meetings shall be held at such intervals
or on such dates as may from time to time be fixed by the Board of Directors, all of which meetings shall be held upon not less
than four (4) days&rsquo; notice served upon each director by mailing or emailing such notice to the director at the director&rsquo;s
address as the same appears upon the records of the corporation, except the meeting which shall be held immediately following the
annual meeting of stockholders which meeting shall be held without notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.10<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held whenever called by the direction of the Chair
of the Board, or of the Chief Executive Officer, and the Chair of the Board or Chief Executive Officer shall call a special meeting
of the Board of Directors upon the application of one-third (1/3) of the directors at the time in office. The Secretary shall give
notice of each special meeting by mailing such notice not less than four (4) days, or by telephone, telecopying or emailing such
notice not less than two (2) days, or such shorter notice as the person or persons calling such meeting</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify">may deem necessary or appropriate
under the circumstances, before the date set for a special meeting, to each director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.11<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>WAIVER. Notice of a meeting need not be given to any director who submits a signed waiver of notice whether before or after
the meeting, or who attends the meeting without protesting, prior thereto or at its commencement, the lack of notice to him or
her.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.12<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>QUORUM. At a meeting, a majority of the directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but if at any
meeting of the Board of Directors there is less than a quorum present, the majority of those present may adjourn the meeting from
time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.13<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>ORDER OF BUSINESS. At meetings of the Board of Directors business shall be transacted in such order as the Board of Directors
may fix and determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.14<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>ELECTION OF CHAIR, OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES. At the first regular meeting of the Board of Directors in each year, at which
a quorum shall be present, held next after the annual meeting of the stockholders, the Board of Directors shall proceed to the
election of the Chair of the Board (who may be an executive officer of the corporation), of the executive officers of the corporation,
and of the Executive Committee, if the Board of Directors shall provide for such committee under the provisions of Article 3 hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise
provided herein, the Board of Directors from time to time may fill any vacancies among the Chair of the Board, the executive officers,
members of the Executive Committee and members of other committees, and may appoint additional executive officers and additional
members of such Executive Committee or other committees.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.15<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>COMPENSATION. Directors who are not officers or employees of the corporation or any of its subsidiaries may receive such
remuneration as the Board of Directors may fix, in addition to a fixed sum for attendance at each regular or special meeting of
the Board of Directors or a Committee of the Board of Directors; <I>provided, however</I>, that nothing herein contained shall
be construed to preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity or receiving compensation therefor. In
addition, each director shall be entitled to reimbursement for expenses incurred in attending any meeting of the Board of Directors
or Committee thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.16<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>EMERGENCY BY-LAWS. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Certificate of Incorporation or these by-laws, in the
event there is any emergency, disaster or catastrophe, as referred to in Section 110 of the DGCL, or other similar emergency condition
(each, an &ldquo;emergency&rdquo;), and a quorum of the Board of Directors cannot readily be convened for action, this Section
2.16 shall apply.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Any director or the Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer or Secretary of the corporation
may call a meeting of the Board of Directors by any feasible means and with such advance notice as circumstances permit in the
judgment of the person calling the meeting. Neither the business to be transacted nor the purpose of any such meeting need be specified
in the notice thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>One-third (1/3) of the directors shall constitute a quorum, which may in all cases act by majority vote.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Directors may take action to appoint one or more of the director or directors to membership on any standing or temporary
committees of the Board of Directors as they deem advisable. Directors may also take action to designate one or more of the officers
of the corporation to serve as directors of the corporation while this Section 2.16 applies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>To the extent that it considers it practical to do so, the Board of Directors shall manage the business of the corporation
during an emergency in a manner that is consistent with the Certificate of Incorporation and these by-laws. It is recognized, however,
that in an emergency it may not always be practical to act in this manner and this Section 2.16 is intended to and does hereby
empower the Board of Directors with the maximum authority possible under the DGCL, and all other applicable law, to conduct the
interim management of the affairs of the corporation in an emergency in what it considers to be in the best interests of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(v)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>No director, officer or employee acting in good faith in accordance with this Section 2.16 or otherwise pursuant to Section
110 of the DGCL shall be liable except for willful misconduct.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vi)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>This Section 2.16 shall continue to apply until such time following the emergency when it is feasible for at least a majority
of the directors of the corporation immediately prior to the emergency to resume management of the business of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Board of Directors may modify, amend or add to the provisions of this Section 2.16 in order to make any provision that
may be practical or necessary given the circumstances of the emergency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(viii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The provisions of this Section 2.16 shall be subject to repeal or change by further action of the Board of Directors or
by action of the stockholders, but no such repeal or change shall modify the provisions of paragraph (v) of this Section 2.16 with
regard to action taken prior to the time of such repeal or change.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
3&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">COMMITTEES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.01<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. The Board of Directors by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board of Directors may designate
an Executive Committee consisting of three (3) directors or more, to serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. At all times
when the Board of Directors is not in session, the Executive Committee so designated shall have and exercise the powers of the
Board of Directors, except that such committee shall have no authority as to the matters set out in Section 3.03.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Meetings of the
Executive Committee shall be called by any member of the same, on three (3) days&rsquo; mailed notice, or one (1) day&rsquo;s telephone,
telecopied or emailed notice to each of the other members, stating therein the purpose for which such meeting is to be held. Notice
of meeting may be waived in writing by any member of the Executive Committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">All action by the
Executive Committee shall be recorded in its minutes and reported from time to time to the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Executive Committee
shall fix its own rules of procedure and shall meet where and as provided by such rules or by resolution of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any action required
or permitted to be taken by the Executive Committee may be taken without a meeting if all of the members of the Executive Committee
consent in writing to the adoption of a resolution authorizing the action, and in such event the resolution and the written consent
of all members of the Executive Committee thereto shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Executive Committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any one or more
members of the Executive Committee may participate in a meeting of the Executive Committee by means of a conference telephone or
similar communications equipment allowing</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify">all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other at the same time, and participation
by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.02<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>OTHER COMMITTEES. The Board of Directors may appoint such other committees as the Board of Directors shall, from time to
time, deem advisable, which committees shall have and may exercise such powers as shall be prescribed, from time to time, by resolution
of the Board of Directors, except that such committees shall have no authority as to the matters set out in Section 3.03. Each
such committee may be comprised of any number of members as is permitted by the DGCL; <I>provided, however</I>, that each of the
principal standing committees of the Board of Directors shall be comprised of three (3) or more members.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Actions and recommendations
by each committee which shall be appointed pursuant to this Section 3.02 shall be recorded and reported, from time to time, to
the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each such committee
shall fix its own rules of procedure and shall meet where and as provided by such rules or by resolution of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any action required
or permitted to be taken by any such committee may be taken without a meeting if all of the members of such committee consent in
writing to the adoption of a resolution authorizing the action, and in such event the resolution and the written consent of all
members of such committee thereto shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of such committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any one or more
members of any such committee may participate in a meeting of such committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communications
equipment allowing all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other at the same time, and participation by such means
shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.03<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>LIMITATIONS. No committee shall have authority as to the following matters:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The approval, adoption, or recommendation to the stockholders of any action or matter (other than the election or removal
of directors) that is required by law to be submitted to stockholders for approval.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The adoption, amendment, or repeal of any by-law of the corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.04<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>ALTERNATES. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any such committees, who
may replace any absent member or members at any meeting of such committees.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.05<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>COMPENSATION. Members of special or standing committees may receive such salary for their services as the Board of Directors
may determine; <I>provided, however</I>, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any member of any such committee
from serving the corporation in any other capacity or receiving compensation therefor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
4&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">OFFICERS
AND CHAIR</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.01<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>TITLES AND TERMS OF OFFICE. The executive officers of the corporation shall be a Chief Executive Officer, who shall be a
member of the Board of Directors, a President, such number of Executive Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents and Vice Presidents
as the Board of Directors shall determine, and a Controller, a Treasurer and a Secretary, all of whom shall be approved by the
Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board of Directors
may also appoint one or more Assistant Secretaries and one or more Assistant Treasurers, and such other junior officers as it shall
deem necessary, who shall have such authority and shall perform such duties as, from time to time, may be prescribed by the Board
of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any two (2) or more
offices except President and Vice President may be held by the same person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The officers of
the corporation shall each hold office for one (1) year and until their successors are chosen and qualified, and, except as set
forth herein, shall be subject to removal at any time by the affirmative vote of the majority of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.02<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>CHAIR OF THE BOARD. The Board of Directors shall designate a Chair of the Board (or one or more Co-Chairs of the Board),
who may be an executive officer of the corporation. The Chair of the Board shall preside over the meetings of the Board of Directors.
If there are more than one, the Co-Chairs designated by the Board of Directors will perform such duties. The Chair or Chairs of
the Board shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him, her or them by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.03<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER. The Chief Executive Officer shall have general management and control over the policy, business
and affairs of the corporation and shall have such other authority and perform such other duties as usually appertain to a chief
executive officer of a business corporation. He or she shall exercise the powers of the Chair of the Board during the Chair&rsquo;s
absence or inability to act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.04<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>PRESIDENT. The President, if any, shall have such authority and shall perform such duties as the Board of Directors, the
Executive Committee, or the Chief Executive Officer may from time to time determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.05<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENTS, SENIOR VICE PRESIDENTS AND VICE PRESIDENTS. The Executive Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents
and Vice Presidents, if any, shall be designated and shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be assigned to them
by the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chief Executive Officer or the President. They shall, in order of their
seniority or in such other order as may be designated by the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chief Executive Officer
or the President, exercise the powers of the Chief Executive Officer during the absence or inability to act of the Chief Executive
Officer and the President.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.06<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. A Chief Financial Officer or other officer designated by the Board of Directors shall be the principal
financial officer of the corporation. He or she shall perform such duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by
the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chief Executive Officer or the President.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.07<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>CONTROLLER. A Controller or other officer designated by the Board of Directors shall be the principal accounting officer
of the corporation and, subject to the direction of the Chief Financial Officer, he or she shall have supervision over all the
accounts and account books of the corporation. He or she shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as from time
to time may be assigned to him or her by the Chief Financial Officer, and shall exercise the powers of the Chief Financial Officer
during his or her absence or inability to act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.08<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>TREASURER. The Treasurer shall have custody of the corporation's funds and securities. He or she shall perform such other
duties as may be prescribed by these by-laws or as may be assigned to him or her by the Chair of the Board, the Chief Executive
Officer, the President or the Board of Directors, and, except as otherwise prescribed by the Board of Directors, he or she shall
have such powers and duties incident to the office of Treasurer. He or she shall perform such other duties as from time to time
may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or
the Chief Financial Officer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.09<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>ASSISTANT TREASURER. Each Assistant Treasurer shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be delegated to him
or her, and the Assistant Treasurers shall, in the order of their seniority, or in such other order as may be designated by the
Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Chief Financial Officer, exercise
the powers of the Treasurer during his or her absence or inability to act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.10<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>SECRETARY. The Secretary shall keep the minutes of all meetings of the Board of Directors and of the Executive Committee,
in books provided for that purpose; he or she shall attend to the giving and serving of all notices of the corporation; and he
or she shall have charge of the certificate books, transfer books and records of stockholders and such other books and records
as the Board of Directors or Executive Committee may direct. He or she shall in general perform all of the duties incident to the
office of Secretary, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chair of the Board, the Chief
Executive Officer and the President.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.11<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>ASSISTANT SECRETARIES. Each Assistant Secretary shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be delegated to him
or her, and the Assistant Secretaries shall, in the order of their seniority, or in such other order as may be designated by the
Board of Directors, the Executive Committee, the Chair of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, exercise the
powers of the Secretary during his or her absence or inability to act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.12<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>VOTING UPON STOCKS. Unless otherwise ordered by the Board of Directors or by the Executive Committee, the Chief Executive
Officer, or a person designated in a proxy executed by him or her, and in the absence of either, the President, or a person designated
in a proxy executed by him or her, and in the absence of all such, the Executive Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents or the
Vice Presidents of the corporation, in the order of their seniority, shall have full power and authority on behalf of the corporation
to attend, act, and vote at meetings of stockholders of any corporation in which this corporation may hold stock, and each such
officer of the corporation shall have power to sign a proxy deputizing others to vote the same; and all such who shall be so authorized
to vote shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and powers incident to the ownership of such stock and which, as the
owner thereof, the corporation might have possessed and exercised, if present.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board of Directors
or the Executive Committee may, by resolution from time to time, confer like powers on any other person or persons, which shall
supersede the powers of those designated in the foregoing paragraph.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.13<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>EXECUTION OF CHECKS, ETC. All checks, notes, drafts or other instruments for the payment of money shall be signed on behalf
of this corporation by such person or persons and in such manner as the Board of Directors or Executive Committee may prescribe
by resolution from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
5&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">CERTAIN
OTHER GOVERNANCE MATTERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 5.01<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>NAME OF THE CORPORATION. Any change to the name of the corporation shall require the approval of three-quarters (3/4) of
the members of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 5.02<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>AMENDMENTS. Any amendment by the Board of Directors of this Article 5, or any other provision contained in these by-laws
requiring approval for an action by at least three-quarters (3/4) of the members of the Board of Directors, shall require the approval
of three-quarters (3/4) of the members of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Article
6&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">STOCK;
RECORD DATE</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.01<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>CERTIFICATES FOR STOCK; UNCERTIFICATED SHARES. The certificates for shares of the stock of the corporation shall be in such
form as shall be proper or approved by the Board of Directors; provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or
resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of stock of the corporation shall be uncertificated shares. Notwithstanding
the foregoing or the adoption of such a resolution or resolutions by the Board of Directors, each holder of uncertificated shares
shall be entitled, upon request, to a certificate representing such shares, to be in such form as the Board of Directors shall
have approved. Any such resolution shall not apply to any share represented by a certificate theretofore issued until such certificate
is surrendered to the corporation. Each certificate shall state (i) that the corporation is formed under the laws of the State
of Delaware, (ii) the name of the person or persons to whom issued, (iii) the number and class of shares and the designation of
the series, if any, which such certificate represents and (iv) the par value, if any, of each share represented by such certificate.
Each certificate shall be signed by the Chair of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, the President, an Executive Vice President
or a Vice President, and also by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary and sealed
with the corporation&rsquo;s seal; <I>provided, however, </I>that if such certificates are signed by a transfer agent or transfer
clerk and by a registrar the signature of the Chair of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Executive Vice
President, Vice President, Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer, Secretary and Assistant Secretary and the seal of the corporation upon
such certificates may be facsimiles, engraved or printed. Except as otherwise provided by law, the rights and obligations of the
holders of uncertificated shares and the rights and obligations of the holders of shares represented by certificates of the same
class and series shall be identical.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.02<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>TRANSFER OF SHARES. Shares of the stock of the corporation may be transferred on the record of stockholders of the corporation
by the holder thereof in person or by his or her duly authorized attorney upon surrender of a certificate therefor properly endorsed
or upon receipt of proper transfer instructions from the holder of uncertificated shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.03<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>AUTHORITY FOR ADDITIONAL RULES REGARDING TRANSFER. The Board of Directors and the Executive Committee shall have power and
authority to make all such rules and regulations as respectively they may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer and registration
of certificated or uncertificated shares of the stock of the corporation, as well as for the issuance of new certificates in lieu
of those which may be lost or destroyed, and may require of any stockholder requesting replacement of lost or destroyed certificates,
bond in such amount and in such form as they may deem expedient to indemnify the corporation, the transfer agents, and/or the registrars
of its stock against any claims arising in connection therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.04<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>TRANSFER AGENTS AND REGISTRARS. The Board of Directors or Executive Committee may appoint one or more transfer agents and
one or more registrars of transfer and may require all stock certificates to be countersigned by such transfer agent and registered
by such registrar of transfers. One (1) person or organization may serve as both transfer agent and registrar.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.05<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>RECORD DATE. For the purpose of determining the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders
or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to or dissent from any proposal without a meeting, or for the purpose of determining
stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or the allotment of any rights, or for the purpose of any other action,
the Board of Directors shall fix in advance a date as the record date for any such determination of stockholders. Such date shall
not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to
any other action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: justify"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.06<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS AS OF RECORD DATE. The Secretary or the transfer agent of its stock shall make and certify a list of
the stockholders as of the record date and number of shares of each class of stock of record in the name of each stockholder and
such list shall be present at every meeting of stockholders. If the right to vote at any meeting is challenged, the Inspectors
of Elections, or person presiding thereat, shall require such list of stockholders to be produced as evidence of the right of the
persons challenged to vote at such meeting, and all persons who appear from such list to be stockholders entitled to vote thereat,
may vote at such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.07<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>DIVIDENDS. Dividends may be declared and paid out as often and at such times and to such extent as the Board of Directors
may determine, consistent with the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and the DGCL.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.08<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS PLANS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Notwithstanding anything in these by-laws to the contrary, the adoption or amendment of any Stockholder Rights Plan (as
defined below) which has the effect of extending the term of the Stockholder Rights Plan or any rights or options provided thereunder
shall require the approval of at least three-quarters (3/4) of the Board of Directors, and any Stockholder Rights Plan shall expire
if not so amended no later than one (1) year following the later of the date of its adoption and the date of its last such amendment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Paragraph (i) of this Section 6.08 shall not apply to any Stockholder Rights Plan ratified by the stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>&ldquo;Stockholder Rights Plan&rdquo; refers in this Section 6.08 to any stockholder rights plan, rights agreement or any
other form of &ldquo;poison pill&rdquo; anti-takeover device or plan which is designed to or has the effect of making an acquisition
of large holdings of the corporation&rsquo;s shares of stock more difficult or expensive (but for avoidance of doubt, excluding
any issuance or sale of securities or rights in connection with a bona fide financing transaction).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 7pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Nothing in this Section 6.08 should be construed to permit or validate any decision by the Board of Directors to adopt or
amend a Stockholder Rights Plan that would otherwise be prohibited or invalid under applicable Delaware law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">article
7</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">CORPORATE
SEAL</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board of Directors
shall provide a suitable seal containing the name of the corporation and of the state under the laws of which the corporation was
incorporated; and the Secretary shall have the custody thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">article
8</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">AMENDMENTS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to Article
5, Section 5.02, these by-laws may be altered, amended or repealed, or new by-laws may be made, by a majority of the stockholders
entitled to vote thereon at any annual or special meeting thereof or by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center">31</P>

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    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2020-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2020/elts/srt-types-2020-01-31.xsd" />
</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>cvs-20200708_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 5.3c -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: http://www.novaworks.co -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>cvs-20200708_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
<TEXT>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.20.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140553989838504">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jul. 08, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jul.  08,  2020<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-01011<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">CVS HEALTH CORPORATION<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000064803<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">05-0494040<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">One CVS Drive<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Woonsocket<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">RI<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">02895<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">401<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">765-1500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">CVS<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
