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Stock Compensation Plans and Stock Based Compensation | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 28, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION | STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION Equity Incentive Plans Cadence’s Omnibus Plan provides for the issuance of both incentive and non-qualified options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, stock bonuses and the rights to acquire restricted stock to both executive and non-executive employees. During fiscal 2019, Cadence’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Omnibus Plan to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance by 4.0 million. As of December 28, 2019, the total number of shares available for future issuance under the Omnibus Plan was 9.4 million. Options granted under the Omnibus Plan have an exercise price not less than the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. Options and restricted stock generally vest over a period of three years to four years. Options granted under the Omnibus Plan expire seven years from the date of grant. Vesting of restricted stock awards granted under the Omnibus Plan may require the attainment of specified performance criteria. Cadence’s 1995 Directors Stock Incentive Plan (the “Directors Plan”) provides for the issuance of non-qualified options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units to its non-employee directors. Options granted under the Directors Plan have an exercise price not less than the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. As of December 28, 2019, the total number of shares available for future issuance under the Directors Plan was 0.5 million. Options granted under the Directors Plan expire after ten years, and options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units vest one year from the date of grant. Cadence has assumed certain options granted to employees of acquired companies (“Acquired Options”). The Acquired Options were assumed by Cadence outside of its stock option plans, and each option is administered under the terms of the respective original plans of the acquired companies. All of the Acquired Options have been adjusted for the price conversion under the terms of the acquisition agreement between Cadence and the relevant acquired company. If the Acquired Options are canceled, forfeited or expire, they do not become available for future grant. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit recognized in connection with stock options, restricted stock and the ESPP during fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
| (In thousands)
Stock options | $ | 6,806 |  |  | $ | 5,581 |  |  | $ | 5,417 |
Restricted stock | 164,078 |  |  | 153,348 |  |  | 117,797 |
ESPP | 10,663 |  |  | 8,786 |  |  | 6,809 |
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 181,547 |  |  | $ | 167,715 |  |  | $ | 130,023 |
Income tax benefit | $ | 30,118 |  |  | $ | 32,830 |  |  | $ | 36,664 |
Stock-based compensation expense is reflected in Cadence’s consolidated income statements during fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017 as follows:
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
| (In thousands)
Cost of product and maintenance | $ | 2,759 |  |  | $ | 2,631 |  |  | $ | 2,218 |
Cost of services | 3,510 |  |  | 3,714 |  |  | 3,232 |
Marketing and sales | 39,088 |  |  | 34,665 |  |  | 26,838 |
Research and development | 114,656 |  |  | 104,353 |  |  | 77,222 |
General and administrative | 21,534 |  |  | 22,352 |  |  | 20,513 |
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 181,547 |  |  | $ | 167,715 |  |  | $ | 130,023 |
Stock Options The exercise price of each stock option granted under Cadence’s employee equity incentive plans is equal to or greater than the closing price of Cadence’s common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted and the weighted-average assumptions used in the model for fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Dividend yield | None |  |  | None |  |  | None |
Expected volatility | 24.4 | % |  | 24.3 | % |  | 21.2 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 2.47 | % |  | 2.54 | % |  | 2.01 | %
Expected term (in years) | 4.8 |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | 4.8 |
Weighted-average fair value of options granted | $ | 14.58 |  |  | $ | 10.24 |  |  | $ | 6.86 |
A summary of the changes in stock options outstanding under Cadence’s equity incentive plans during fiscal 2019 is presented below:
|  |  | Weighted- Average |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Terms |  | Aggregate Intrinsic
| Shares |  | Exercise Price |  | (Years) |  | Value
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  | (In thousands)
Options outstanding as of December 29, 2018 | 5,414 |  |  | $ | 20.51 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 595 |  |  | 56.57 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (1,076 | ) |  | 13.52 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Options outstanding as of December 28, 2019 | 4,933 |  |  | $ | 26.38 |  |  | 3.4 |  | $ | 216,599 |
Options vested as of December 28, 2019 | 3,772 |  |  | $ | 21.00 |  |  | 2.8 |  | $ | 185,923 |
Cadence had total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock option grants of $12.7 million as of December 28, 2019, which will be recognized over the remaining vesting period. The remaining weighted-average vesting period of unvested awards is 2.3 years. The total intrinsic value of and cash received from options exercised during fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017 was:
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
| (In thousands)
Intrinsic value of options exercised | $ | 51,625 |  |  | $ | 31,109 |  |  | $ | 45,643 |
Cash received from options exercised | 14,553 |  |  | 11,748 |  |  | 22,255 |
Restricted Stock Generally, restricted stock, which includes restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, vests over three years to four years and is subject to the employee’s continuing service to Cadence. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the vesting term. The vesting of certain restricted stock grants is subject to attainment of specified performance criteria. Each fiscal quarter, Cadence estimates the probability of the achievement of these performance goals and recognizes any related stock-based compensation expense using the graded-vesting method. The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized in any one period can vary based on the attainment or expected attainment of the various performance goals. If such performance goals are not ultimately met, no compensation expense is recognized and any previously recognized compensation expense is reversed. Certain long-term, market-based performance stock awards granted to executives vest over three to five years and are subject to certain market conditions and the executive’s continuing service to Cadence. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized straight-line over the vesting term. If the market-based performance conditions are not ultimately met, compensation expense previously recognized is not reversed. As of December 28, 2019, Cadence had 2.2 million shares of unvested long-term, market-based performance stock awards outstanding. Stock-based compensation expense related to performance-based and market-based performance restricted stock grants for fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017 was as follows:
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
| (In thousands)
Stock-based compensation expense related to performance-based restricted stock | $ | 12,640 |  |  | $ | 12,868 |  |  | $ | 8,224 |
Stock-based compensation expense related to market-based performance stock awards | 7,019 |  |  | 2,300 |  |  | 1,979 |
A summary of the changes in restricted stock outstanding under Cadence’s equity incentive plans during fiscal 2019 is presented below:
|  |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Vesting Terms |  | Aggregate Intrinsic
| Shares |  | Fair Value |  | (Years) |  | Value
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  | (In thousands)
Unvested shares as of December 29, 2018 | 9,702 |  |  | $ | 32.67 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 4,028 |  |  | 53.11 |  |  |  |  |
Vested | (4,799 | ) |  | 31.75 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | (538 | ) |  | 39.66 |  |  |  |  |
Unvested shares as of December 28, 2019 | 8,393 |  |  | $ | 42.55 |  |  | 1.1 |  | $ | 589,937 |
Cadence had total unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock grants of $287.7 million as of December 28, 2019, which will be recognized over the remaining vesting period. The remaining weighted-average vesting period of unvested awards is 2.1 years. The total fair value realized by employees upon vesting of restricted stock during fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017 was:
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
| (In thousands)
Fair value of restricted stock realized upon vesting | $ | 298,320 |  |  | $ | 232,099 |  |  | $ | 174,548 |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan Cadence provides an ESPP, as amended from time to time. A majority of Cadence employees are eligible to participate in the ESPP. Under the terms of the ESPP, for the offering period that commenced August 1, 2018, eligible employees may purchase Cadence’s common stock at a price equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value at the beginning or the end of the applicable offering period, in an amount not to exceed 10% of their annual base earnings plus bonuses and commissions, and subject to a limit in any calendar year of $10,000. Each offering period has a duration of six months beginning on either February 1 or August 1. The purchase dates fall on the last days of the six-month offering periods. Under the ESPP and through the July 31, 2018 purchase date, participating employees could contribute up to 7% of their annual base earnings plus bonuses and commissions, subject to a limit in any calendar year of $8,000. As of December 28, 2019, the total number of shares available for future issuance under the ESPP was 6.0 million. Compensation expense is calculated using the fair value of the employees’ purchase rights under the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted-average grant date fair value of purchase rights granted under the ESPP and the weighted-average assumptions used in the model for fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Dividend yield | None |  |  | None |  |  | None |
Expected volatility | 27.9 | % |  | 21.1 | % |  | 20.4 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 2.23 | % |  | 2.05 | % |  | 0.92 | %
Expected term (in years) | 0.5 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.5 |
Weighted-average fair value of options granted | $ | 14.37 |  |  | $ | 9.24 |  |  | $ | 6.64 |
Shares of common stock issued under the ESPP for fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
| (In thousands, except per share amounts)
Cadence shares purchased under the ESPP | 988 |  |  | 892 |  |  | 1,270 |
Cash received for the purchase of shares under the ESPP | $ | 38,290 |  |  | $ | 29,160 |  |  | $ | 26,709 |
Weighted-average purchase price per share | $ | 38.74 |  |  | $ | 32.69 |  |  | $ | 21.04 |
Reserved for Future Issuance As of December 28, 2019, Cadence had reserved the following shares of authorized but unissued common stock for future issuance:
| Shares
| (In thousands)
Employee equity incentive plans* | 15,898 |
Employee stock purchase plans | 6,039 |
Directors stock plans* | 905 |
Total | 22,842 |
_____________ *Includes shares reserved for: (i) issuance upon exercise of future option grants, (ii) issuance upon vesting of future restricted stock grants, (iii) outstanding but unexercised options to purchase common stock, or (iv) unvested restricted stock units.

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