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Fair Value Measurements
 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in determining fair value by their reliability and preferred use, as follows:
Level 1 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.
At March 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying amounts of cash, certain cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities, receivables, drafts and accounts payable, short-term borrowings and other current liabilities approximated their estimated fair values because of the short maturity of these financial instruments.
The fair value of our commercial paper was determined using quoted prices in active markets for identical liabilities, which are considered to be Level 1 inputs.
Our long-term debt is carried at amortized cost. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of these liabilities were $8.4 billion and $8.7 billion at March 31, 2017 and $8.1 billion and $8.6 billion at March 31, 2016. The estimated fair value of our long-term debt was determined using quoted market prices in a less active market and other observable inputs from available market information, which are considered to be Level 2 inputs, and may not be representative of actual values that could have been realized or that will be realized in the future.
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Our financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis primarily represent money market funds with the amounts of $478 million and $2,413 million at March 31, 2017 and 2016. The fair value of the money market funds was determined by using quoted prices for identical investments in active markets, which are considered to be Level 1 inputs under the fair value measurements and disclosure guidance. The carrying value of all other cash equivalents approximates their fair value due to their relatively short-term nature. Fair values for our marketable securities were not material at March 31, 2017 and 2016.
Fair values of our forward foreign currency contracts were determined using observable inputs from available market information.  Fair values of our cross currency swaps were determined using quoted foreign currency exchange rates and other observable inputs from available market information.  These inputs are considered Level 2 under the fair value measurements and disclosure guidance, and may not be representative of actual values that could have been realized or that will be realized in the future. Refer to Financial Note 21, “Hedging Activities,” for fair value and other information on our foreign currency derivatives including forward foreign currency contracts and cross currency swaps.
There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the years ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
We measure certain long-lived assets and goodwill at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when they are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. If the cost of an investment exceeds its fair value, we evaluate, among other factors, our intent to hold the investment, general market conditions, the duration and extent to which the fair value is less than cost and the financial outlook for the industry and location. An impairment charge is recorded when the cost of the asset exceeds its fair value and this condition is determined to be other-than-temporary.
At March 31, 2017, assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis primarily consisted of our equity method investment in Change Healthcare (Refer to Financial Note 2, “Healthcare Technology Net Asset Exchange,”) and goodwill for a reporting unit within our Technology Solutions segment, as further discussed below. There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2017.
There were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2016.
Goodwill
As discussed in Financial Note 3, "Goodwill Impairment," in 2017, we recorded a non-cash pre-tax charge of $290 million ($282 million after-tax) to impair the carrying value of goodwill related to our EIS business, which is a reporting unit within our Technology Solutions segment. The impairment primarily resulted from a decline in estimated cash flows. The goodwill impairment test requires us to compare the fair value of the reporting unit to the fair value of the reporting unit's net assets, excluding goodwill but including any unrecognized intangible assets, to determine the implied fair value of goodwill. If the carrying value of goodwill for the reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill, an impairment charge is recorded for that excess.
Fair value assessment of the reporting unit and the reporting unit's net assets are considered a Level 3 measurement due to the significance of unobservable inputs developed using company specific information. We considered the market approach as well as income approach using a discount cash flow (“DCF”) model to determine the fair value of the reporting unit. The DCF method was used to determine the fair value of intangible assets.