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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Provision for Income Taxes | Our provision for income taxes consisted of the following for the years ended December 31 (in millions):
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | 443 |  |  | $ | 192 |  |  | $ | 414 |
State |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 61 |
Foreign |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 56 |
|  |  | 569 |  |  |  | 278 |  |  |  | 531 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | (89 | )
State |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | (33 | )
Foreign |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 4 |
|  |  | 73 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | (118 | )
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 642 |  |  | $ | 308 |  |  | $ | 413 |
U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate Reconciled to Effective Rate | The U.S. federal statutory income tax rate is reconciled to the effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31 as follows:
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory rate |  |  | 35.00 | % |  |  | 35.00 | % |  |  | 35.00 | %
Federal tax credits |  |  | (3.08 | ) |  |  | (5.49 | ) |  |  | (3.21 | )
Taxing authority audit settlements and other tax adjustments |  |  | (0.53 | ) |  |  | (2.67 | ) |  |  | (1.59 | )
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit |  |  | 3.31 |  |  |  | 3.20 |  |  |  | 1.77 |
Tax impact of impairments |  |  | 0.80 |  |  |  | 0.23 |  |  |  | 0.46 |
Tax impact of divestitures |  |  | 0.26 |  |  |  | (0.34 | ) |  |  | (7.89 | )
Tax rate differential on foreign income |  |  | (0.63 | ) |  |  | (0.99 | ) |  |  | (0.46 | )
Other |  |  | 0.10 |  |  |  | 0.17 |  |  |  | (0.47 | )
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 35.23 | % |  |  | 29.11 | % |  |  | 23.61 | %
Income Before Income Taxes Showing Domestic and Foreign Source | For financial reporting purposes, income before income taxes by source for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in millions):
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Domestic |  | $ | 1,681 |  |  | $ | 922 |  |  | $ | 1,601 |
Foreign |  |  | 141 |  |  |  | 138 |  |  |  | 150 |
Income before income taxes |  | $ | 1,822 |  |  | $ | 1,060 |  |  | $ | 1,751 |
Components of Net Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities) | The components of net deferred tax assets (liabilities) at December 31 are as follows (in millions):
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating loss, capital loss and tax credit carry-forwards |  | $ | 285 |  |  | $ | 280 |
Landfill and environmental remediation liabilities |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | 120 |
Miscellaneous and other reserves, net |  |  | 355 |  |  |  | 373 |
Subtotal |  |  | 756 |  |  |  | 773 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (292 | ) |  |  | (273 | )
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment |  |  | (728 | ) |  |  | (709 | )
Goodwill and other intangibles |  |  | (1,218 | ) |  |  | (1,182 | )
Net deferred tax liabilities |  | $ | (1,482 | ) |  | $ | (1,391 | )
Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Including Accrued interest | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits, including accrued interest is as follows (in millions):
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Balance at January 1 |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 49 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 9 |
Additions based on tax positions of prior years |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 2 |
Accrued interest |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1 |
Reductions for tax positions of prior years |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |
Settlements |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (11 | )
Lapse of statute of limitations |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | (8 | )
Balance at December 31 |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | 42 |

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