<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-20-126928.txt : 20201118
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20201118172024
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-20-126928
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20201117
ITEM INFORMATION:		Termination of a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20201118
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20201118

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			WASTE MANAGEMENT INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000823768
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	REFUSE SYSTEMS [4953]
		IRS NUMBER:				731309529
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-12154
		FILM NUMBER:		201326027

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1001 FANNIN STREET
		CITY:			HOUSTON
		STATE:			TX
		ZIP:			77002
		BUSINESS PHONE:		7135126200

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1001 FANNIN STREET
		CITY:			HOUSTON
		STATE:			TX
		ZIP:			77002

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	USA WASTE SERVICES INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19920703
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<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 1pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><b>SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>WASHINGTON, DC 20549</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 12pt"><b>CURRENT
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Registrant&#8217;s Telephone number, including
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed
Since Last Report)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Check the appropriate box below if the Form&#160;8-K filing
is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span id="xdx_90E_edei--WrittenCommunications_c20201117__20201117_zfb2b7lWRKUh" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:WrittenCommunications">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Written
communications pursuant to Rule&#160;425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-size: 5pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span id="xdx_909_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20201117__20201117_z0RckJjTagv2" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule&#160;14a-12 under the Exchange Act
(17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-size: 5pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span id="xdx_901_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20201117__20201117_zKeWbiPJAes4" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule&#160;14d-2(b)&#160;under
the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-size: 5pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span id="xdx_901_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20201117__20201117_zBHi2vS2CdPj" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule&#160;13e-4(c)&#160;under
the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0in">&#160;&#160;&#160;Securities registered pursuant to Section&#160;12(b)&#160;of
the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 2pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging
growth company as defined in Rule&#160;405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule&#160;12b-2 of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Emerging growth
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If an emerging
growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with
any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;13(a)&#160;of the Exchange Act. <span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 1pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 96px"><b>Item 1.02</b></td>
    <td><b>Termination of a Material Definitive Agreement.</b></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="color: #212529">On
November 17, 2020, Waste Management, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) terminated its </span>364-day $3.0&#160;billion U.S. revolving
credit facility dated July 28, 2020, with the lenders party thereto and Mizuho Bank, Ltd., as administrative agent (the &#8220;Credit
Agreement&#8221;). All existing debt for borrowed money under the Credit Agreement was repaid in full with the proceeds from the
Company&#8217;s issuance and <span style="background-color: white">sale of $2.5 billion of senior notes that closed on November
17, 2020.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="background-color: white">A
summary of the material terms of the Credit Agreement are set forth in Item 1.01 of the Company&#8217;s Current Report on <a href="http://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/823768/000110465920088121/tm2025932d1_8k.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Form 8-K filed July 30, 2020</a> and are incorporated herein by reference. </span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

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<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="width: 96px; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 5.03</b></span></td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.</b></span></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">On November 17, 2020,
the Board of Directors (the &#8220;Board&#8221;) approved the amended and restated by-laws of the Company (the &#8220;Amended and
Restated By-laws&#8221;), effective as of November 18, 2020. The Amended and Restated By-laws (i) include a new Section 2.17 that
serves to opt-out of Section 116 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the &#8220;DGCL&#8221;) by requiring
that notices and other information or documents provided by stockholders to the Company pursuant to by-law requirements must be
delivered in writing and (ii) provide that the number of nominees that a stockholder seeks to nominate for election to the Board
under the advance notice by-law provision may not exceed the number of directors to be elected at the meeting. The Amended and
Restated By-laws also include minor clarifications and changes intended to respond and conform to recent amendments to the DGCL.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">The
above description is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Amended and Restated By-Laws, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit&#160;3.2
to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; background-color: white">
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <td style="width: 96px; text-align: left"><b>Item 9.01.</b></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><b>Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">(d)&#160;Exhibits</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline">Exhibit&#160;Index</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><b>Exhibit<br />
Number</b></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><b>Description</b></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="width: 10%; text-align: left"><a href="tm2036284d1_ex3-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">3.2</a></td>
    <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 89%; text-align: left"><a href="tm2036284d1_ex3-2.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amended and Restated By-Laws of Waste Management, Inc. as of November 18, 2020.</a></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: left">104</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: left">Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)&#160;</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="width: 50%">Date: November 18, 2020</td>
    <td style="width: 3%">By:</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 47%"><i>/s/ Charles C. Boettcher</i></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>Charles C. Boettcher</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>Executive Vice President, Corporate Development and Chief Legal Officer</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 3.2
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><U>Exhibit 3.2</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AS OF NOVEMBER 18, 2020 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE I</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">OFFICES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 1.1. <U>Registered
Office</U>. The registered office of the Corporation required by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware to be maintained
in the State of Delaware shall be the registered office named in the original Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation,
or such other office as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors in the manner provided by law. Should the
Corporation maintain a principal office or place of business within the State of Delaware, such registered office need not be identical
to such principal office or place of business of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 1.2. <U>Other
Offices</U>. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board
of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE II</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.1. <U>Meetings</U>.
All meetings of the stockholders shall be held at the principal office of the Corporation, or at such other place, if any, either
within or without the State of Delaware and at such date and time as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors
and stated in the notice or waivers of notice of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.2. <U>List
of Stockholders Entitled to Vote</U>. The Corporation shall prepare, at least 10 days before every meeting of stockholders
(provided, however, if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than 10 days before the date
of the meeting, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth day before the meeting), a complete
list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order for each class of stock, and showing
the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open
to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, at least 10 days prior to the meeting (i) on a
reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with
the notice of meeting or (ii) during ordinary business hours at the principal place of business of the Corporation. If the
meeting is to be held at a place, then the list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during
the whole time thereof and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means
of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the
meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided
with the notice of the meeting. Except as otherwise provided by law, the stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who
are the stockholders entitled to examine the list of stockholders required by this Section 2.2 or to vote in person or by
proxy at any meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.3. <U>Annual
Meetings</U>. If required by applicable law, an annual meeting of stockholders shall be held for the election of directors at such
date, time and place, if any, either within or without the State of Delaware, as may be designated by resolution of the Board of
Directors from time to time. Any other proper business may be transacted at the annual meeting. The Board of Directors may postpone,
reschedule or cancel any annual meeting of stockholders previously scheduled by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.4. <U>Special
Meetings</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General.
Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by the General Corporation Law of
the State of Delaware, shall be called by the Secretary at the written request of the Chairman of the Board (if any) or the Chief
Executive Officer, or may be called by written order of a majority of the Board of Directors (each, a &ldquo;Special Meeting Request&rdquo;).
A special meeting of stockholders shall be called by the Secretary upon the written request of the record holders having an aggregate
&ldquo;net long position&rdquo; of at least twenty-five percent (25%)&nbsp;of the outstanding common stock of the Corporation,
and having held such &ldquo;net long position&rdquo; continuously for at least one year, as of the date of such request (the &ldquo;Requisite
Percent&rdquo;), subject to Subsection (b)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;2.4 (a &ldquo;Stockholder Requested Special Meeting&rdquo;).
&ldquo;Net long position&rdquo; shall be determined with respect to each requesting holder in accordance with the definition thereof
set forth in Rule 14e-4 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;), provided that (x)
for purposes of such definition, in determining such holder&rsquo;s &ldquo;short position,&rdquo; the reference in such Rule to
&ldquo;the date the tender offer is first publicly announced or otherwise made known by the bidder to the holders of the security
to be acquired&rdquo; shall be the date of the relevant Special Meeting Request and all dates in the one year period prior thereto,
and the reference to the &ldquo;highest tender offer price or stated amount of the consideration offered for the subject security&rdquo;
shall refer to the closing sales price of the Corporation&rsquo;s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on such corresponding
date (or, if such date is not a trading day, the next succeeding trading day) and (y) the net long position of such holder shall
be reduced by the number of shares as to which such holder does not, or will not, have the right to vote or direct the vote at
the Special Meeting or as to which such holder has entered into any derivative or other agreement, arrangement or understanding
that hedges or transfers, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, any of the economic consequences of ownership of such shares.
Whether the requesting holders have complied with the requirements of this Article and related provisions of the By-laws shall
be determined in good faith by the Board, which determination shall be conclusive and binding on the Corporation and the stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stockholder
Requested Special Meetings. In order for a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting to be called, one or more requests for a
special meeting (each, a &ldquo;Stockholder Special Meeting Request,&rdquo; and collectively, the &ldquo;Stockholder Special
Meeting Requests&rdquo;) must be signed by the Requisite Percent of record holders (or their duly authorized agents) and must
be delivered to the Secretary. The Stockholder Special Meeting Request(s) shall be delivered to the Secretary at the
principal executive offices of the Corporation by registered mail, return receipt requested. Each Stockholder Special Meeting
Request shall (i)&nbsp;set forth a statement of the specific purpose(s) of the meeting and the matters proposed to be acted
on at it, (ii)&nbsp;bear the date of signature of each such stockholder (or duly authorized agent) signing the Stockholder
Special Meeting Request, (iii)&nbsp;set forth (A)&nbsp;the name and address, as they appear in the Corporation&rsquo;s stock
ledger, of each stockholder signing such request (or on whose behalf the Stockholder Special Meeting Request is signed),
(B)&nbsp;the class or series, if applicable, and the number of shares of common stock of the Corporation that are owned of
record and beneficially by each such stockholder as to which such stockholder has a &ldquo;net long position&rdquo; and
(C)&nbsp;include documentary evidence of the fact and duration of such stockholder&rsquo;s record and beneficial ownership of
such stock, (iv)&nbsp;set forth all information relating to each such stockholder that must be disclosed in solicitations of
proxies for election of directors in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or is otherwise
required, in each case, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act (v)&nbsp;contain the information required by
Section&nbsp;2.13 of these by-laws and (vi) an acknowledgment by each stockholder (and any duly authorized agent) that any
disposition of shares of common stock of the Corporation as to which such stockholder has a net long position as of the date
of delivery of the Stockholder Special Meeting Request and prior to the record date for the proposed meeting requested by
such stockholder shall constitute a revocation of such request with respect to such shares. In addition, the stockholder (and
any duly authorized agent) shall promptly provide any other information reasonably requested by the Corporation to allow it
to satisfy its obligations under applicable law. Any requesting stockholder may revoke his, her or its request for a special
meeting at any time by written revocation delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation,
and if, following such revocation, there are un-revoked requests from stockholders holding in the aggregate less than the
Requisite Percent, the Board of Directors, in its discretion, may cancel the special meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Calling
of a Special Meeting. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Secretary shall not be required to call a special meeting of stockholders
if (i)&nbsp;the Board of Directors has called or calls an annual or special meeting of stockholders to be held not later than sixty
(60)&nbsp;days after the date on which a valid Special Meeting Request or Stockholder Special Meeting Request(s) have been delivered
to the Secretary (the &ldquo;Delivery Date&rdquo;); or (ii)&nbsp;the Special Meeting Request or the Stockholder Special Meeting
Request(s) (A)&nbsp;is received by the Secretary during the period commencing ninety (90)&nbsp;days prior to the first anniversary
of the date of the immediately preceding annual meeting and ending on the date of the next annual meeting; (B) contains an identical
or substantially similar item (a &ldquo;Similar Item&rdquo;) to an item that was presented at any meeting of stockholders held
within one hundred and twenty (120)&nbsp;days prior to the Delivery Date (and, for purposes of this clause (B)&nbsp;the election
of directors shall be deemed a &ldquo;Similar Item&rdquo; with respect to all items of business involving the election or removal
of directors); (C)&nbsp;relates to an item of business that is not a proper subject for action by the party requesting the special
meeting under applicable law; (D)&nbsp;was made in a manner that involved a violation of Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act
or other applicable law; or (E)&nbsp;does not comply with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;2.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Holding
a Special Meeting. Except as provided in the next sentence, any special meeting shall be held at such date and time as may be
fixed by the Board of Directors in accordance with these by-laws and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. In
the case of a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, such meeting shall be held at such date and time as may be fixed by the
Board of Directors; provided, however, that the date of any Stockholder Requested Special Meeting shall be not more than
sixty (60)&nbsp;days after the record date for such meeting (the &ldquo;Meeting Record Date&rdquo;), which shall be fixed in
accordance with Section&nbsp;2.12 of these by-laws; provided further that, if the Board of Directors fails to designate,
within ten (10)&nbsp;days after the Delivery Date, a date and time for a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, then such
meeting shall be held at 9:00 a.m. local time on the 60th day after the Meeting Record Date (or, if that day shall not be a
business day, then on the next preceding business day); and provided further that in the event that the Board of Directors
fails to designate a place for a Stockholder Requested Special Meeting within ten (10)&nbsp;days after the Delivery Date,
then such meeting shall be held at the Corporation&rsquo;s principal executive offices. In fixing a date and time for any
Stockholder Requested Special Meeting, the Board of Directors may consider such factors as it deems relevant within the good
faith exercise of business judgment, including, without limitation, the nature of the matters to be considered, the facts and
circumstances surrounding any request for meeting and any plan of the Board of Directors to call an annual meeting or a
special meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Business
Transacted at a Special Meeting. Business to be transacted at a special meeting may only be brought before the meeting pursuant
to the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting. Business transacted at any Stockholder Requested Special Meeting shall be limited
to the purpose(s) stated in the Stockholder Special Meeting Request(s); provided, however, that nothing herein shall prohibit the
Board of Directors from submitting matters to the stockholders at any Stockholder Requested Special Meeting. The Board of Directors
may postpone, reschedule or cancel any special meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In determining
whether a special meeting of stockholders has been requested by the record holders of shares with net long position of at least
the same amount of securities owned by such record holders for at least one year as of the date of such request and representing
the Requisite Percent as of the date of such written request to the Secretary, multiple special meeting requests delivered to the
Secretary will be considered together only if (i) each request identifies substantially the same purpose or purposes of the proposed
special meeting and substantially the same matter proposed to be acted on at the proposed special meeting, and (ii) such request(s)
have been dated and delivered to the Secretary within sixty (60) days of the earliest dated Special Meeting Request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.5. <U>Notice
of Meeting</U>. Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, notice of the meeting stating
the place, if any, date and time of the meeting, the means of remote communication, if any, the record date for determining the
stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (if such date is different from the record date for determining the stockholders entitled
to notice of the meeting) and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall
be given. Unless otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these by-laws, the notice of any meeting shall
be given not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting
as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Without limiting the
foregoing, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation may be given by a single written notice to stockholders who share
an address if consented to by the stockholders at such address to whom such notice is given. Any such consent shall be revocable
by the stockholders by written notice to the Corporation. Any stockholder who fails to object in writing to the Corporation within
60 days of having been given written notice by the Corporation of its intention to send the single notice as set forth in this
Section 2.5 shall be deemed to have consented to receiving such single written notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.6. <U>Quorum;
Adjournment</U>. The holders of a majority in voting power of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at a meeting
of stockholders, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at such meeting for the transaction of business
except as otherwise provided by law or the Certificate of Incorporation. The stockholders present at a duly organized meeting may
continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Notwithstanding the other
provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or these by-laws, the chairman of the meeting or the holders of a majority in voting
power of the shares of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, present in person or represented by proxy, although
not constituting a quorum, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at
the meeting of the time and place of the adjourned meeting. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented
any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified. If the adjournment is for
more than 30 days, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
If after the adjournment a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting,
the Board shall fix as the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an
earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and shall give notice of
the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record as of the record date so fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.7. <U>Voting</U>.
When a quorum is present at any meeting of the stockholders, the vote of the holders of a majority of the stock having voting
power, present in person or represented by proxy, and entitled to vote thereon shall decide any question brought before such
meeting, unless the question is one upon which, by express provision of the statutes, of the rules and regulations of any
stock exchange applicable to the Corporation, of any regulation applicable to the Corporation or its securities, of the
Certificate of Incorporation, or of these by-laws, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall
govern and control the decision of such question. Where a separate vote by class is required and when a quorum is present,
the affirmative vote of the majority of shares of such class present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting shall
be the act of such class. Except as otherwise provided by or pursuant to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation,
each stockholder having the right to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to a corporate action
in writing without a meeting shall be entitled to vote in person, or may authorize another person to act for such stockholder
by proxy, bearing a date not more than three years prior to voting, unless such proxy provides for a longer period, and filed
with the Secretary of the Corporation, or such other officer as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine by
resolution, before, or at the time of, the meeting. A stockholder may revoke a proxy that is not irrevocable by attending the
meeting and voting in person or by delivering to the Secretary of the Corporation a revocation of the proxy or a new proxy
bearing a later date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Each proxy shall be revocable
unless expressly provided therein to be irrevocable and coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power.
If such instrument shall designate two or more persons to act as proxies, unless such instrument shall provide the contrary, a
majority of such persons present at any meeting at which their powers thereunder are to be exercised shall have and may exercise
all the powers of voting or giving consents thereby conferred, or if only one be present, then such powers may be exercised by
that one, or, if an even number attend and a majority do not agree on any particular issue, each proxy so attending shall be entitled
to exercise such powers with respect to the portion of shares for which he was appointed to act as proxy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.8. <U>Voting
of Stock of Certain Holders; Elections; Inspectors</U>. Shares held in the name of another entity, domestic or foreign, may be
voted by such officer, agent, authorized person or proxy as the organizational documents of such entity may prescribe, or in the
absence of such provision, as the board of directors or other governing body of such entity may determine. Shares held in the name
of a deceased person may be voted by the executor or administrator of such deceased person, either in person or by proxy. Shares
held in the name of a guardian, conservator or trustee may be voted by such fiduciary, either in person or by proxy, but no fiduciary
shall be entitled to vote shares held in such fiduciary capacity without a transfer of such shares into the name of such fiduciary.
Shares held in the name of a receiver may be voted by such receiver. A stockholder whose shares are pledged shall be entitled to
vote such shares, unless in the transfer by the pledgor on the books of the Corporation, he has expressly empowered the pledgee
to vote such shares, in which case only the pledgee, or his proxy, may represent the stock and vote such shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If shares (or other securities
having voting power) are held of record in the names of two or more persons, whether fiduciaries, members of a partnership, joint
tenants, tenants in common, tenants by the entirety or otherwise, or if two or more persons have the same fiduciary relationship
respecting the same shares, unless the Secretary of the Corporation is given written notice to the contrary and is furnished with
a copy of the instrument or order appointing them or creating the relationship wherein it is so provided, their acts with respect
to voting shall have the following effect:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(a)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">If only one votes, his act binds all;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(b)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">If more than one vote, the act of the majority so voting binds all; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT>If more than one vote, but the vote is evenly split on any particular matter, each fraction may vote the securities in question
proportionally, or any person voting the shares, or a beneficiary, if any, may apply to the Delaware Court of Chancery or such
other court as may have jurisdiction to appoint an additional person to act with the persons so voting the shares, which shall
then be voted as determined by a majority of such persons and the person appointed by such court. If the instrument so filed shows
that any such tenancy is held in unequal interests, a majority or even-split for the purpose of this subsection shall be a majority
or even-split in interest.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">All voting of stockholders
shall be conducted as may be required under any procedures established for the meeting. All proxies submitted to the Corporation
may be voted by a master ballot.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Unless otherwise provided
in the Certificate of Incorporation, cumulative voting for the election of directors shall be prohibited.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.9. <U>Inspector
of Elections</U>. The Corporation may, and shall if required by law, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or
more inspectors of election, who may be employees of the Corporation, to act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof and to make
a written report thereof. The Corporation may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who
fails to act. In the event that no inspector so appointed or designated is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the person
presiding at the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge
of his duties, shall take and sign an oath to execute faithfully the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according
to the best of his ability. The inspector or inspectors so appointed or designated shall (i) ascertain the number of shares of
capital stock of the Corporation outstanding and the voting power of each such share, (ii) determine the shares of capital stock
of the Corporation represented at the meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv)
determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors,
and (v) certify their determination of the number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation represented at the meeting and
such inspectors&rsquo; count of all votes and ballots. Such certification and report shall specify such other information as may
be required by law. In determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots cast at any meeting of stockholders of the
Corporation, the inspectors may consider such information as is permitted by applicable law. No person who is a candidate for an
office at an election may serve as an inspector at such election.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.10. <U>Conduct
of Meeting</U>. The meetings of the stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board (if any), or if he is not
present, by the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board, or if neither the Chairman of the Board (if any)
nor the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee is present, by the Chief Executive Officer, or if neither the Chairman
of the Board (if any), the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee nor the Chief Executive Officer is present, by a
chairman designated by the Board of Directors. The Secretary of the Corporation, if present, shall act as secretary of such meetings,
or if he is not present, an Assistant Secretary shall so act; if neither the Secretary nor an Assistant Secretary is present, then
a secretary shall be appointed by the chairman of the meeting. The chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall determine the
date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at the meeting
and, unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, the order of business and the procedure at the meeting, including such
regulation of the manner of voting and the conduct of discussion as seem to him in order. Unless the Board of Directors or the
chairman of the meeting of stockholders shall otherwise determine, the order of business shall be as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(a)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Calling of meeting to order.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(b)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Appointment of a secretary if necessary.</TD>
</TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(c)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Presentation of proof of the due calling of the meeting.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(d)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Presentation and examination of proxies and determination
of a quorum.</TD>
</TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(e)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Reading and settlement of the minutes of the previous meeting.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(f)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Reports of officers and committees.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(g)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">The election of directors if an annual meeting, or a
meeting called for that purpose.</TD>
</TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(h)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Unfinished business.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(i)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">New business.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(j)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Adjournment.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Without limiting the
foregoing, except to the extent inconsistent with any rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairman
of the meeting shall have the right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to recess and/or adjourn the meeting, to
prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate
for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed
by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of
business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii)
limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, their duly authorized
and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall determine; (iv) restrictions on entry to the
meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by
participants. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders
shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.11. <U>Treasury
Stock</U>. Shares of its own stock belonging to the Corporation or to another corporation, if a majority of the shares entitled
to vote in the election of directors of such other corporation is held, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation, shall neither
be entitled to vote nor be counted for quorum purposes; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not limit the right of the
Corporation or any subsidiary of the Corporation to vote stock, including but not limited to its own stock, held by it in a fiduciary
capacity.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.12. <U>Fixing
Record Date; Action by Written Consent</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a) In order that
the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof,
or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any
rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action (other than
action by consent in writing without a meeting), the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not
precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record
date: (1) in the case of determination of stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or adjournment
thereof, shall, unless otherwise required by law, not be more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting;
and (2) in the case of any other action (other than action by consent in writing without a meeting), shall not be more than
60 days prior to such other action. If the Board of Directors so fixes a date for determining stockholders entitled to notice
of the meeting, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting
unless the Board of Directors determines, at the time it fixes such record date for determining stockholders entitled to
notice of the meeting, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for determining stockholders
entitled to vote at the meeting. If no record date is fixed: (1) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to
notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on
which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the
meeting is held; and (2) the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose (other than action by consent in
writing without a meeting) shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution
relating thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b) In order that the
Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action without a meeting, the Board of Directors may
fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by
the Board of Directors, and which date shall not be more than 10 days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record
date is adopted by the Board of Directors. Any stockholder of record seeking to have the stockholders authorize or take corporate
action by consent shall, by written notice to the Secretary, request that the Board of Directors fix a record date. The Board of
Directors shall promptly, but in all events within 10 days after the date on which such written notice is received, adopt a resolution
fixing the record date (unless a record date has previously been fixed by the Board of Directors pursuant to the first sentence
of this Section 2.12(b)). If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors pursuant to the first sentence of this Section
2.12(b) or otherwise within 10 days after the date on which such written notice is received, the record date for determining stockholders
entitled to consent to corporate action without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is required by applicable
law, shall be the first date on which a signed consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the
Corporation pursuant to Section 228 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. If no record date has been fixed by
the Board of Directors pursuant to the first sentence of this Section 2.12(b) or otherwise within 10 days after the date on which
such written notice is received, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action without a
meeting if prior action by the Board of Directors is required by applicable law shall be at the close of business on the date on
which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c) In the event of
the delivery, in the manner provided by this Section 2.12 and applicable law, to the Corporation of consent or consents to
take corporate action and/or any related revocation or revocations, the Corporation shall engage independent inspectors of
elections for the purpose of performing promptly a ministerial review of the validity of the consents and revocations. For
the purpose of permitting the inspectors to perform such review, no action by consent and without a meeting shall be
effective until such inspectors have completed their review, determined that the requisite number of valid and unrevoked
consents delivered to the Corporation in accordance with this Section 2.12 and applicable law have been obtained to authorize
or take the action specified in the consents, and certified such determination for entry in the records of the Corporation
kept for the purpose of recording the proceedings of meetings of stockholders. Nothing contained in this Section 2.12(c)
shall in any way be construed to suggest or imply that the Board of Directors or any stockholder shall not be entitled to
contest the validity of any consent or revocation thereof, whether before or after such certification by the independent
inspectors, or to take any other action (including, without limitation, the commencement, prosecution or defense of any
litigation with respect thereto, and the seeking of injunctive relief in such litigation).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d) No consent shall
be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless a valid consent or valid consents signed by a sufficient number
of stockholders to take such action are delivered to the Corporation in the manner prescribed in this Section 2.12 and applicable
law, and not revoked, within 60 days of the first date on which a consent is so delivered to the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.13 <U>Stockholder
Proposals</U>. At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business (other than nominations of persons for election to
the Board of Directors) shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before
an annual meeting, business (other than nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors) must be (a)&nbsp;specified
in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive
Officer, or the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, (b) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction
of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, or (c) otherwise
properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder of the Corporation of record at the time the notice provided for in this Section
2.13 is delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who otherwise complies with the
notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.13. For any proposed business to be properly brought before an annual meeting of
stockholders pursuant to clause (c) above of this paragraph, the proposed business must constitute a proper matter for stockholder
action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">No proposal
(other than nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors) by a stockholder shall be presented at an annual
meeting of stockholders unless such stockholder shall provide the Board of Directors or the Secretary of the Corporation with
timely written notice of his, her or its intention to present a proposal for action at the forthcoming meeting of
stockholders, which notice shall include as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose
behalf the proposal is made (a) the name and address of such stockholder as they appear on the Corporation&rsquo;s books, and
of such beneficial owner, (b)&nbsp;the class or series and number of voting securities of the Corporation which are owned
beneficially and of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner, (c) a description of any agreement, arrangement or
understanding with respect to the proposal between or among such stockholder and/or such beneficial owner, any of their
respective affiliates or associates, and any others acting in concert with any of the foregoing, (d) a description of any
agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, warrants,
convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has
been entered into as of the date of the stockholder&rsquo;s notice by, or on behalf of, such stockholder and such beneficial
owners, whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in underlying shares of capital stock of the
Corporation, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or
increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or such beneficial owner, with respect to shares of stock of the
Corporation, (e) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the text of the proposal to be
presented at the meeting (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such
business includes a proposal to amend these by-laws, the language of the proposed amendment), (f) a statement in support of
the proposal, (g) any material interest of the stockholder or the beneficial owner, if any, in such proposal, (h) a
representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting and
intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business, (i) a representation whether the stockholder
or the beneficial owner intends or is part of a group which intends (1) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to
holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation&rsquo;s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the
proposal and/or (2) otherwise solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal, and (j) any other information
relating to such stockholder and beneficial owner required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to
be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for the proposal pursuant to and in accordance with Section 14(a) of the
Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. To be timely, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice (other than for
the nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors) with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders must be
delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation, not less than 120 days nor more
than 150 days in advance of the first anniversary of the preceding year's annual meeting; provided, however, that in the
event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 70 days after such anniversary date,
notice by the stockholder must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120<SUP>th</SUP> day prior to
such annual meeting or not later than the close of business on the later of the 90<SUP>th</SUP> day prior to such annual
meeting or the 10<SUP>th</SUP> day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made
by the Corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting commence
a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described above. For purposes
of these by-laws, &ldquo;public announcement&rdquo; shall include disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones
News Service, Associated Press or other national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the
Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder. The foregoing notice requirements of this Section 2.13 shall be deemed satisfied by a stockholder
with respect to business (other than nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors) if the stockholder has
notified the Corporation of his, her or its intention to present a proposal at an annual or special meeting in compliance
with applicable rules and regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act and such stockholder&rsquo;s proposal has been
included in a proxy statement that has been prepared by the Corporation to solicit proxies for such annual or special
meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">This provision
shall not prevent the presentation at a meeting of stockholders of reports of officers, directors, and committees; but in
connection with such reports, no new business shall be acted upon at such meeting unless properly brought before the meeting
in accordance with this Section 2.13 with respect to annual meetings or Section 2.4 of these by-laws with respect to special
meetings. Notwithstanding anything in these by-laws to the contrary, no business (other than nominations of persons for
election to the Board of Directors) shall be conducted at any annual meeting of stockholders except in accordance with the
procedures set forth in this Section 2.13 and no nominations shall be considered at an annual or special meeting of
stockholders except in accordance with Section 2.14 or Section 2.16, as applicable, below. The chairman of the meeting shall,
if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting and in
accordance with the provisions of this Section 2.13 (including whether the stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, on whose
behalf the proposal is made solicited (or is part of a group which solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be,
proxies in support of such stockholder&rsquo;s proposal in compliance with such stockholder&rsquo;s representation as
required by clause (i) of this Section 2.13) and if any proposed business was not proposed in compliance with this Section
2.13, to declare that such proposed business shall not be transacted, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to
the meeting and any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted. Notwithstanding the
foregoing provisions of this Section 2.13, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified
representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present the
proposed business, such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may
have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 2.13, to be considered a qualified representative of the
stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a
writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder
as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable
reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Notwithstanding any
other provision of these by-laws, the Corporation shall be under no obligation to include any stockholder proposal in its proxy
statement materials or otherwise present any such proposal to stockholders at a meeting of stockholders if the Board of Directors
reasonably believes the proponents thereof have not complied with Sections 13 and 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder, and the Corporation shall not be required to include in its proxy statement material to stockholders any
stockholder proposal not required to be included in its proxy material to stockholders in accordance with the Exchange Act and
the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Notwithstanding
the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.13, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the
Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 2.13;
provided however, that any references in these by-laws to the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder are not intended to and shall not limit any requirements applicable to proposals as to any other business to be
considered pursuant to this Section 2.13, and compliance with this Section 2.13 shall be the exclusive means for a
stockholder to submit other business (other than matters brought properly under and in compliance with Rule 14a-8 of the
Exchange Act, as may be amended from time to time) at an annual meeting of stockholders. Nothing in this Section 2.13 shall
be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement
pursuant to applicable rules and regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act. Only such business shall be conducted at a
special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of
meeting in accordance with Section 2.4 of these by-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.14. <U>Nomination
of Directors</U>. Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures of this Section 2.14 or Section 2.16, as applicable,
shall be eligible for election as directors. Subject to the rights of holders of any class or series of stock having a preference
over the common stock as to dividends or upon liquidation, nominations for the election of directors may be made (a) pursuant to
the Corporation's notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto), (b) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee
thereof, (c) by any stockholder of the Corporation who was a stockholder of record of the Corporation at the time notice provided
for in this Section 2.14 is delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation, who is entitled to vote in the election of directors
and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.14 or (d) with respect to annual meetings, by any Eligible
Stockholder who complies with the requirements of Section 2.16 of these by-laws. Such stockholder may nominate one or more persons
for election as a director at an annual or special meeting of stockholders pursuant to clause (c) of this Section 2.14 only if
timely written notice of such stockholder&rsquo;s intent to make such nomination or nominations has been given, either by personal
delivery or by U.S. mail, first class postage prepaid, return receipt requested, to the Secretary of the Corporation, or as otherwise
provided in accordance with applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">To be timely, a
stockholder&rsquo;s notice pursuant to clause (c) of this Section 2.14 with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders must
be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation, not less than 120 days nor more
than 150 days in advance of the first anniversary of the preceding year's annual meeting; provided, however, that in the
event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 70 days after such anniversary date,
notice by the stockholder must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120<SUP>th</SUP> day prior to
such annual meeting or not later than the close of business on the later of the 90<SUP>th</SUP> day prior to such annual
meeting or the 10<SUP>th</SUP> day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made
by the Corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting commence
a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described above. The number
of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the annual meeting (or in the case of a stockholder giving the notice
on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the annual meeting on
behalf of such beneficial owner) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such annual meeting. Such
stockholder&rsquo;s notice shall set forth: (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a
director (i) all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for
election of directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to and in accordance with
Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and (ii) such person&rsquo;s written
consent to being named in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected; and
(b) as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made (i) the
name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation&rsquo;s books, and of such beneficial owner,
(ii)&nbsp;the class or series and number of voting securities of the Corporation which are owned beneficially and of record
by such stockholder and such beneficial owner, (iii) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding with
respect to the proposal between or among such stockholder and/or such beneficial owner, any of their respective affiliates or
associates, and any others acting in concert with any of the foregoing, including the nominee, (iv) a description of any
agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, warrants,
convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has
been entered into as of the date of the stockholder&rsquo;s notice by, or on behalf of, such stockholder and such beneficial
owners, whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in underlying shares of capital stock of the
Corporation, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or
increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or such beneficial owner, with respect to shares of stock of the
Corporation, (v) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at
such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such nomination, (vi) a representation
whether the stockholder or the beneficial owner intends or is part of a group which intends (A) to deliver a proxy statement
and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation&rsquo;s outstanding capital stock required to
elect the nominee and/or (B) otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such nomination, and (vii) any
other information relating to such stockholder and beneficial owner required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other
filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for the election of directors in an election contest
pursuant to and in accordance with Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
With respect to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election to the Board of Directors, a
stockholder&rsquo;s notice must, in addition to the matters set forth above, also include the completed and signed
questionnaire, representations and agreements required by Section 2.15 of these by-laws. The Corporation may also require any
proposed nominee to furnish such other information as it may reasonably require to determine the eligibility of such proposed
nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation. Notwithstanding anything in the first sentence of this paragraph to the
contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors at the annual meeting is
increased effective after the time period for which nominations would otherwise be due under this Section 2.14 and there is
no public announcement by the Corporation naming the nominees for the additional directorships at least one hundred (100)
days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year&rsquo;s annual meeting, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice required by
this Section 2.14 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for the additional directorships, if it
shall be delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than
the close of business on the tenth (10<SUP>th</SUP>) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by
the Corporation. At the request of the Board of Directors any person nominated by the Board of Directors for election as a
director shall furnish to the Secretary of the Corporation that information required to be set forth in a stockholder&rsquo;s
notice of nomination which pertains to the nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Nominations of
persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be
elected pursuant to the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting (1) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any
committee thereof or the stockholders pursuant to Section 2.4 hereof or (2) provided that the Board of Directors or the
stockholders pursuant to Section 2.4 hereof has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by any
stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time the notice provided for in this Section 2.14 is
delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and upon such election and who complies
with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.14. The proposal by stockholders of other business to be conducted at
a special meeting of the stockholders may be made only in accordance with Section 2.4 hereof. In the event the Corporation
calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors, any such
stockholder entitled to vote in such election of directors may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be) for election
to such position(s) as specified in the Corporation&rsquo;s notice of meeting, if the stockholder&rsquo;s notice required by
this Section 2.14 (including, but not limited to, the completed and signed questionnaire, representations and agreements
required by Section 2.15 of these by-laws) shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the
Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred fiftieth (150<SUP>th</SUP>) day prior to such special
meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the one hundred twentieth (120<SUP>th</SUP>) day prior to
such special meeting, or the tenth (10<SUP>th</SUP>) day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the
date of the special meeting at which directors are to be elected. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment
or postponement of a special meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a
stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described above. The number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the special
meeting (or in the case of a stockholder giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees a
stockholder may nominate for election at the special meeting on behalf of such beneficial owner) shall not exceed the number
of directors to be elected at such special meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Only such persons who
are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.14 or Section 2.16 shall be eligible to be elected
at an annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to serve as directors and only such persons who are nominated in accordance
with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.14 shall be eligible to be elected at a special meeting of the stockholders of
the Corporation to serve as directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Except as otherwise
provided by law, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty (a) to determine whether a nomination brought before
the meeting pursuant to this Section 2.14 was made in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.14 (including
whether the stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made solicited (or is part of a group which
solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies in support of such stockholder&rsquo;s nominee in compliance with
such stockholder&rsquo;s representation as required by clause (b)(vi) of this Section 2.14) and (b) if any proposed nomination
pursuant to this Section 2.14 was not made in compliance with this Section 2.14, to declare that such nomination shall be disregarded.
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.14, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified
representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation to present
a nomination, such nomination shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received
by the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 2.14, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person
must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder
or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders
and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission,
at the meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Notwithstanding the
foregoing provisions of this Section 2.14, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act
and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 2.14; provided however,
that any references in these by-laws to the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder are not intended to
and shall not limit any requirements applicable to nominations pursuant to this Section 2.14, and compliance with this Section
2.14 shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make nominations. Nothing in this Section 2.14 shall be deemed to affect
any rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors pursuant to any applicable provision of the Certificate
of Incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.15. <U>Submission
of Questionnaire, Representations and Agreements</U>. To be eligible to be a nominee for election or reelection as a director of
the Corporation, a person must deliver (with respect to any person nominated by a stockholder in accordance with clause (c) of
the first paragraph of Section 2.14 or the third paragraph of Section 2.14, in accordance with the time periods prescribed for
delivery of notice under Section 2.14) to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation a written questionnaire
with respect to the background, and qualification and potential conflicts of interest of such person and the background of any
other person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon
written request) and a written representation and agreement in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request that such
person (A) is not and will not become a party to (1) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment
or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person, if elected as a director of the corporation, will act or vote on any
issue or question (a &ldquo;Voting Commitment&rdquo;) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (2) any Voting Commitment
that could limit or interfere with such person&rsquo;s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such
person&rsquo;s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (B) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding
with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification
in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed to the Corporation and (C) would be in compliance,
if elected as a director of the Corporation, and will comply with all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict
of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.16. <U>Proxy
Access</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a) Whenever the
Board of Directors solicits proxies with respect to the election of directors at an annual meeting of stockholders
(commencing with the 2020 annual meeting of stockholders), subject to the provisions of this Section 2.16, the Corporation
shall include in its proxy statement, on its form of proxy card, voting instruction form and on any ballot distributed at
such annual meeting, in addition to any persons nominated for election by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof,
the name, together, in the case of the proxy statement, with the Required Information (defined below), of any person
nominated for election (the &ldquo;Stockholder Nominee&rdquo;) to the Board of Directors by a stockholder or group of no more
than 20 stockholders that satisfies the requirements of this Section 2.16 (such stockholder or stockholder group, including
each member thereof to the extent the context requires, the &ldquo;Eligible Stockholder&rdquo;), and who expressly elects at
the time of providing the notice required by this Section 2.16 (the &ldquo;Notice of Proxy Access Nomination&rdquo;) to have
its nominee included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 2.16. For purposes of this Section
2.16, in calculating the number of stockholders in a group seeking to qualify as an Eligible Stockholder, two or more funds
that are (i) under common management and investment control, (ii) under common management and funded primarily by the same
employer, or (iii) a &ldquo;group of investment companies&rdquo; as such term is defined in Section 12(d)(1)(G)(ii) of the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, shall be counted as one stockholder. In the event that the Eligible Stockholder
consists of a group of stockholders, any and all requirements and obligations for an individual Eligible Stockholder that are
set forth in these by-laws, including the Minimum Holding Period (defined below), shall apply to each member of such group;
provided, however, that the Required Ownership Percentage (defined below) shall apply to the ownership of the group in the
aggregate. For purposes of this Section 2.16, the &ldquo;Required Information&rdquo; that the Corporation will include in its
proxy statement is the information provided to the Secretary of the Corporation concerning the Stockholder Nominee and the
Eligible Stockholder that is required to be disclosed in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement by the regulations
promulgated under the Exchange Act, and if the Eligible Stockholder so elects, a written statement of the Eligible
Stockholder (or, in the case of a group, a written statement of the group), not to exceed 500 words, in support of each
Stockholder Nominee&rsquo;s candidacy (the &ldquo;Statement&rdquo;). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in
this Section 2.16, the Corporation may omit from its proxy materials any information or Statement (or portion thereof) that
it, in good faith, believes is untrue in any material respect (or omits to state a material fact necessary in order to make
the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading) or would violate any applicable
law or regulation, and the Corporation may solicit against, and include in the proxy statement its own statement relating to,
any Stockholder Nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b) To be timely, the
Notice of Proxy Access Nomination must be addressed to the Secretary of the Corporation and received at the principal executive
offices of the Corporation no earlier than one hundred fifty (150) days and no later than one hundred twenty (120) days before
the anniversary of the date that the Corporation commenced mailing of its definitive proxy statement for the previous year&rsquo;s
annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event the annual meeting is more than thirty (30) days before or
after the anniversary date of the prior year&rsquo;s annual meeting, or if no annual meeting was held in the preceding year, to
be timely, the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination must be received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation no earlier
than one hundred fifty (150) days before such annual meeting and no later than the later of one hundred twenty (120) days before
such annual meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first
made by the Corporation. In no event shall an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting commence a new time period (or extend
any time period) for the giving of the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination as described above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c) The maximum number
of Stockholder Nominees nominated by all Eligible Stockholders that will be included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials
with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders shall not exceed the greater of (i) two and (ii) 20% of the total number of
directors in office (rounded down to the nearest whole number) as of the last day on which a Notice of Proxy Access Nomination
may be delivered pursuant to and in accordance with this Section 2.16 (the &ldquo;Final Proxy Access Nomination Date&rdquo;).
In the event that one or more vacancies for any reason occurs after the Final Proxy Access Nomination Date but before the date
of the annual meeting and the Board of Directors resolves to reduce the size of the Board of Directors in connection therewith,
the maximum number of Stockholder Nominees included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials shall be calculated based on the
number of directors in office as so reduced. The following individuals shall be counted as one of the Stockholder Nominees for
purposes of determining when the maximum number of Stockholder Nominees provided for in this Section 2.16 has been reached: (i)
any individual nominated by an Eligible Stockholder for inclusion in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials pursuant to this
Section 2.16 whom the Board of Directors decides to nominate as a nominee of the Board of Directors, (ii) any individual nominated
by an Eligible Stockholder for inclusion in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 2.16 but whose nomination
is subsequently withdrawn, (iii) any individual who was previously elected to the Board of Directors as a Stockholder Nominee
at any of the preceding two annual meetings and who is nominated for election at such annual meeting by the Board of Directors
as a nominee of the Board of Directors and (iv) any director in office or director candidate who, in each case, will be included
in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials with respect to such annual meeting as an unopposed (by the Corporation) nominee pursuant
to an agreement, arrangement or understanding between the Corporation and a stockholder or group of stockholders (other than such
agreement, arrangement or understanding entered into in connection with an acquisition of stock by such stockholder, or group
of stockholders, from the Corporation). Any Eligible Stockholder submitting more than one Stockholder Nominee for inclusion in
the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials pursuant to this Section 2.16 shall rank such Stockholder Nominees based on the order
that the Eligible Stockholder desires such Stockholder Nominees to be selected for inclusion in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy
statement in the event that the total number of Stockholder Nominees submitted by Eligible Stockholders pursuant to this Section
2.16 exceeds the maximum number of nominees provided for in this Section 2.16. In the event that the number of Stockholder Nominees
submitted by Eligible Stockholders pursuant to this Section 2.16 exceeds the maximum number of nominees provided for in this Section
2.16, the highest ranking Stockholder Nominee who meets the requirements of this Section 2.16 from each Eligible Stockholder will
be selected for inclusion in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials until the maximum number is reached, going in order of the
amount (largest to smallest) of shares of the Corporation&rsquo;s outstanding common stock each Eligible Stockholder disclosed
as owned in its respective Notice of Proxy Access Nomination submitted to the Corporation. If the maximum number is not reached
after the highest ranking Stockholder Nominee who meets the requirements of this Section 2.16 from each Eligible Stockholder has
been selected, this process will continue as many times as necessary, following the same order each time, until the maximum number
is reached. Following such determination, if any Stockholder Nominee who satisfies the eligibility requirements of this Section
2.16 (y) thereafter is nominated by the Board of Directors or (z) thereafter is not included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy
materials or is not submitted for election as a director, in either case, as a result of the Nominating Stockholder becoming ineligible
or withdrawing its nomination, the Stockholder Nominee becoming unwilling or unable to serve on the Board of Directors or the
Eligible Stockholder or the Stockholder Nominee failing to comply with the provisions of this Section 2.16, no other nominee or
nominees shall be included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials or otherwise submitted for director election in substitution
thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d) For purposes of
this Section 2.16, an Eligible Stockholder shall be deemed to &ldquo;own&rdquo; only those outstanding shares of common stock of
the Corporation as to which the stockholder possesses both:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the full voting
and investment rights pertaining to the shares; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the full economic
interest in (including the opportunity for profit from and risk of loss on) such shares;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">provided that the number
of shares calculated in accordance with clauses (i) and (ii) shall not include any shares:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(x)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sold by such stockholder
or any of its affiliates in any transaction that has not been settled or closed, including any short sale;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(y)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;borrowed by such
stockholder or any of its affiliates for any purposes or purchased by such stockholder or any of its affiliates pursuant to an
agreement to resell; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(z)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;subject to any option,
warrant, forward contract, swap, contract of sale, other derivative or similar agreement entered into by such stockholder or any
of its affiliates, whether any such instrument or agreement is to be settled with shares or with cash based on the notional amount
or value of shares of outstanding common stock of the Corporation, in any such case which instrument or agreement has, or is intended
to have, or if exercised by either party would have, the purpose or effect of:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(1) reducing in any
manner, to any extent or at any time in the future, such stockholder&rsquo;s or its affiliates&rsquo; full right to vote or direct
the voting of any such shares; and/or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(2) hedging, offsetting
or altering to any degree any gain or loss realized or realizable from maintaining the full economic ownership of such shares by
such stockholder or its affiliates.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">A stockholder
shall &ldquo;own&rdquo; shares held in the name of a nominee or other intermediary so long as the stockholder retains the
right to instruct how the shares are voted with respect to the election of directors and possesses the full economic interest
in the shares. A stockholder&rsquo;s ownership of shares shall be deemed to continue during any period in which the
stockholder has delegated any voting power by means of a proxy, power of attorney or other instrument or arrangement which is
revocable at any time by the stockholder. A stockholder&rsquo;s ownership of shares shall be deemed to continue during any
period in which the stockholder has loaned such shares provided that the stockholder has the power to recall such loaned
shares on five (5) business days&rsquo; notice and recalls such loaned shares within five (5) business days of being notified
that its Stockholder Nominee will be included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials for the applicable annual meeting
and holds such shares through such annual meeting. The terms &ldquo;owned,&rdquo; &ldquo;owning&rdquo; and other variations
of the word &ldquo;own&rdquo; shall have correlative meanings. Whether outstanding shares of the common stock of the
Corporation are &ldquo;owned&rdquo; for these purposes shall be determined by the Board of Directors or any committee
thereof, in each case, in its sole discretion. For purposes of this Section 2.16, the term &ldquo;affiliate&rdquo; or
&ldquo;affiliates&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed thereto under the rules and regulations of the Exchange Act. An
Eligible Stockholder shall include in its Notice of Proxy Access Nomination the number of shares it is deemed to own for the
purposes of this Section 2.16.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e) In order to make
a nomination pursuant to this Section 2.16, an Eligible Stockholder must have owned (as defined above) the Required Ownership Percentage
of the Corporation&rsquo;s shares of common stock outstanding and entitled to vote in the election of directors as of the date
of the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination (the &ldquo;Required Shares&rdquo;) continuously for the Minimum Holding Period as of
both the date the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination is received by the Secretary of the Corporation in accordance with this Section
2.16 and the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the annual meeting and must continue to own the Required
Shares through the meeting date. For purposes of this Section 2.16, the &ldquo;Required Ownership Percentage&rdquo; shall be 3%
or more. For purposes of this Section 2.16, the &ldquo;Minimum Holding Period&rdquo; is 3 years. Within the time period specified
in this Section 2.16 for delivering the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination, an Eligible Stockholder must provide the following information
in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(i) one or more written
statements from the record holder of the shares (and from each intermediary through which the shares are or have been held during
the Minimum Holding Period) verifying that, as of a date within seven calendar days prior to the date the Notice of Proxy Access
Nomination is received by the Secretary of the Corporation, the Eligible Stockholder owns, and has owned continuously for the Minimum
Holding Period, the Required Shares, and the Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s agreement to provide, within five business days after
the record date for the annual meeting, written statements from the record holder and intermediaries verifying the Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s
continuous ownership of the Required Shares through the record date;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(ii) a copy of the Schedule
14N that has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as required by Rule 14a-18 under the Exchange Act;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(iii) the information,
representations and agreements that are the same as those that would be required to be set forth in a stockholder&rsquo;s notice
of nomination pursuant to Article II, Section 2.14 of these by-laws;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(iv) the consent of each
Stockholder Nominee to being named in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in">(v) a representation
that the Eligible Stockholder:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(A) acquired the Required
Shares in the ordinary course of business and not with the intent to change or influence control at the Corporation, and does not
presently have such intent,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(B) presently intends
to maintain qualifying ownership of the Required Shares through the date of the annual meeting,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(C) has not nominated
and will not nominate for election any individual as a director at the annual meeting, other than its Stockholder Nominee(s),</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(D) has not engaged
and will not engage in, and has not and will not be a &ldquo;participant&rdquo; in another person&rsquo;s, &ldquo;solicitation&rdquo;
within the meaning of Rule 14a-1(l) under the Exchange Act in support of the election of any individual as a director at the annual
meeting, other than its Stockholder Nominee(s) or a nominee of the Board of Directors,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(E) agrees to comply
with all applicable laws and regulations with respect to any solicitation in connection with the meeting or applicable to the filing
and use, if any, of soliciting material,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(F) will provide facts,
statements and other information in all communications with the Corporation and its stockholders that are or will be true and correct
in all material respects and do not and will not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made,
in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(G) as to any two or
more funds whose shares are aggregated to count as one stockholder for the purpose of constituting an Eligible Stockholder, within
five business days after the date of the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination, will provide to the Corporation documentation reasonably
satisfactory to the Corporation that demonstrates that the funds satisfy the requirements of the second sentence of subsection
(a) of this Section 2.16;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in">(vi) an undertaking
that the Eligible Stockholder agrees to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(A) assume all liability
stemming from any legal or regulatory violation arising out of the Eligible Stockholder&rsquo;s communications with the stockholders
of the Corporation or out of the information that the Eligible Stockholder provided to the Corporation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(B) indemnify and hold
harmless the Corporation and each of its directors, officers and employees individually against any liability, loss or damages
in connection with any threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding, whether legal, administrative or investigative, against
the Corporation or any of its directors, officers or employees arising out of any nomination submitted by the Eligible Stockholder
pursuant to this Section 2.16; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(C) file with the Securities
and Exchange Commission any solicitation or other communication with the Corporation&rsquo;s stockholders relating to the meeting
at which the Stockholder Nominee will be nominated, regardless of whether any such filing is required under Regulation 14A of the
Exchange Act or whether any exemption from filing is available thereunder; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(vii) in the case
of a nomination by a group of stockholders that together is an Eligible Stockholder, the designation by all group members of one
group member that is authorized to act on behalf of all such members with respect to the nomination and matters related thereto,
including withdrawal of the nomination.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 76.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(f) Within the time
period specified in this Section 2.16 for delivering the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination, a Stockholder Nominee must deliver
to the Secretary of the Corporation (which shall be deemed to be part of the Stockholder Notice for purposes of this Section 2.16):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(i) the information required
with respect to persons whom a stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director by Article II, Section
2.14 of these by-laws;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.75in">(ii) a written
representation and agreement that such person:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(A) will act as a
representative of all of the stockholders of the Corporation while serving as a director;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 112.5pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(B) is not and will
not become a party to (I) a Voting Commitment (as defined in Article II, Section 2.15 of these by-laws) that has not been disclosed
to the Corporation or (II) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such Stockholder Nominee&rsquo;s ability to
comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such Stockholder Nominee&rsquo;s fiduciary duties under applicable law;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(C) is not or will
not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect
to direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has
not been disclosed to the Corporation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(D) will comply with
all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies
and guidelines of the Corporation, as well as the applicable provisions of these by-laws and the rules and regulations of the Securities
and Exchange Commission and any stock exchange applicable to the Corporation; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(E) will provide facts,
statements and other information in all communications with the Corporation and its stockholders that are or will be true and correct
in all material respects (and shall not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light
of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">At the request of the
Corporation, the Stockholder Nominee(s) must submit all completed and signed questionnaires required of directors and officers
of the Corporation, including, but not limited to, the questionnaire referenced in Article II, Section 2.15 of the by-laws. The
Corporation may request such additional information as necessary to permit the Board of Directors to determine if each Stockholder
Nominee satisfies the requirements of this Section 2.16 or if each Stockholder Nominee is independent under the listing standards
of the principal U.S. exchange upon which the common stock of the Corporation is listed, any applicable rules of the Securities
and Exchange Commission and any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in determining and disclosing the independence
of the Corporation&rsquo;s directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(g) In the event
that any information or communications provided by the Eligible Stockholder or the Stockholder Nominee to the Corporation or
its stockholders ceases to be true and correct in all material respects or omits a material fact necessary to make the
statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, each Eligible Stockholder or
Stockholder Nominee, as the case may be, shall promptly notify the Secretary of the Corporation of any defect in such
previously provided information and of the information that is required to correct any such defect it being understood that
providing any such notification shall not be deemed to cure any defect or limit the Corporation&rsquo;s rights to omit a
Stockholder Nominee from its proxy materials as provided in this Section 2.16.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(h) The Corporation
shall not be required to include, pursuant to this Section 2.16, a Stockholder Nominee in its proxy materials for any meeting of
stockholders (any such nomination shall be disregarded and no vote on such Stockholder Nominee will occur, notwithstanding that
proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(i) if a stockholder
has submitted (and the Secretary of the Corporation has received) a notice of nomination (whether or not subsequently withdrawn)
pursuant to the advance notice requirements for stockholder nominees for director set forth in clause (c) of the first sentence
of Article II, Section 2.14 of these by-laws;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(ii) who is not independent
under the listing standards of each principal U.S. exchange upon which the common stock of the Corporation is listed, any applicable
rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in determining
and disclosing independence of the Corporation&rsquo;s directors, in each case as determined by the Board of Directors in its sole
discretion;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(iii) whose election
as a member of the Board of Directors would cause the Corporation to be in violation of these by-laws, the certificate of incorporation,
the rules and listing standards of the principal U.S. exchanges upon which the common stock of the Corporation is traded, or any
applicable state or federal law, rule or regulation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(iv) who is or has been,
within the past three (3) years, an officer or director of a competitor, as defined for purposes of Section 8 of the Clayton Antitrust
Act of 1914;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(v) who is a named subject
of a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses) or has been convicted in such a criminal
proceeding within the past ten (10) years;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(vi) who is subject to
any order of the type specified in Rule 506(d) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(vii) if such Stockholder
Nominee or the applicable Eligible Stockholder shall have provided information to the Corporation in respect to such nomination
that was untrue in any material respect or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statement made, in light
of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, as determined by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof,
in each case, in its sole discretion; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(viii) the Eligible Stockholder
or applicable Stockholder Nominee breaches or fails to comply with its obligations pursuant to these by-laws, including, but not
limited to, this Section 2.16 and any agreement, representation or undertaking required by this Section 2.16.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting of
stockholders shall declare a nomination by an Eligible Stockholder to be invalid, and such nomination shall be disregarded
notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation, if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(i) the Stockholder Nominee(s)
and/or the applicable Eligible Stockholder shall have breached its or their obligations under this Section 2.16, as determined
by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting of stockholders, in each case, in its or his sole discretion; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(ii) the Eligible Stockholder
(or a qualified representative thereof (as such term is defined in Section 2.14 of these by-laws)) does not appear at the meeting
of stockholders to present any nomination pursuant to this Section 2.16.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(j) Any Stockholder
Nominee who is included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials for a particular annual meeting of stockholders but either:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(i) withdraws from or
becomes ineligible or unavailable for election at the annual meeting; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.25in">(ii) does not receive
at least 25% of the votes cast in favor of such Stockholder Nominee&rsquo;s election</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">will be ineligible to be a Stockholder
Nominee pursuant to this Section 2.16 for the next two annual meetings. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 2.16(j) shall
not prevent any stockholder from nominating any person to the Board of Directors pursuant to and in accordance with clause (c)
of the first sentence of Article II, Section 2.14 of these by-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(k) The Board of Directors
(or any other person or body authorized by the Board of Directors) shall have the exclusive power and authority to interpret the
provisions of this Section 2.16 of these by-laws and make all determinations deemed necessary or advisable in connection with this
Section 2.16 to any person, facts or circumstances. All such actions, interpretations and determinations that are done or made
by the Board of Directors (or any other person or body authorized by the Board of Directors) shall be final, conclusive and binding
on the Corporation, the stockholders and all other parties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(l) No stockholder
shall be permitted to join more than one group of stockholders to become an Eligible Stockholder for purposes of nominations pursuant
to this Section 2.16 per each annual meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(m) This Section 2.16
shall be the exclusive method for stockholders to include nominees for director in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy materials.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 2.17. <U>Delivery
to the Corporation</U>.&nbsp; Whenever this Article II requires one or more persons (including a record or beneficial owner of
stock) to deliver a document or information to the Corporation or any officer, employee or agent thereof (including any notice,
request, questionnaire, revocation, representation or other document or agreement), such document or information shall be in writing
exclusively (and not in an electronic transmission) and shall be delivered exclusively by hand (including, without limitation,
overnight courier service) or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested and the Corporation shall not be required
to accept delivery of any document not in such written form or so delivered.&nbsp; For the avoidance of doubt, with respect to
any notice from any stockholder of record or beneficial owner of the Corporation&rsquo;s capital stock under the Certificate of
Incorporation, these by-laws or the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, to the fullest extent permitted by law,
the Corporation expressly opts out of Section 116 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE III</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">BOARD OF DIRECTORS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 3.1. <U>Powers</U>.
The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors, which may exercise
all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and thing as are not by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation
or by these by-laws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 3.2. <U>Number,
Election and Term</U>. Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation relating to the rights of the holders of
any class or series of Preferred Stock, voting separately by class or series, to elect additional directors under specified circumstances,
the number of directors of the Corporation shall initially be the number specified in the Certificate of Incorporation, and subject
to the following sentence, such number may be increased or decreased by a resolution duly adopted by the Board of Directors. Unless
approved by at least two-thirds of the incumbent directors, the number of directors which shall constitute the whole Board of Directors
shall be no fewer than three and no more than nine. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, directors need
not be residents of the State of Delaware or stockholders of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Each director,
other than those who may be elected by the holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock, voting separately by class or
series, shall be elected by the vote of the majority of the votes cast with respect to the director&rsquo;s election at any
meeting for the election of directors at which a quorum is present, provided that if the number of nominees exceeds the
number of directors to be elected as of the tenth day preceding the date that the Corporation first mails it notice of
meeting to the stockholders of the Corporation, the directors shall be elected by the vote of a plurality of the shares
represented in person or by proxy at any such meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors. For purposes of this
Section, a majority of the votes cast means that the number of shares voted &ldquo;for&rdquo; a director must exceed 50% of
the votes cast with respect to that director. If an incumbent director fails to receive a majority of the votes cast in an
election where the number of nominees does not exceed the number of directors to be elected as of the tenth day preceding the
date that the Corporation first mails its notice of meeting to the stockholders of the Corporation, such director shall
tender his or her resignation to the Board contingent on acceptance of such resignation by the Board. The Nominating and
Governance Committee will make a recommendation to the Board on whether to accept or reject the resignation, or whether other
action should be taken. The Board will act on the resignation, taking into account the Committee&rsquo;s recommendation, and
publicly disclose its decision and the rationale behind it within 90 days from the date of the certification of the election
results. The director who tenders his or her resignation will not participate in the Committee&rsquo;s recommendation or the
Board&rsquo;s decision with respect to such resignation. Directors shall hold office until the next annual meeting and until
their successors shall be duly elected and qualified, subject to such director&rsquo;s earlier death, resignation,
disqualification or removal. Any director may resign at any time upon notice to the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 3.3. <U>Vacancies,
Additional Directors and Removal From Office</U>. Except as otherwise provided pursuant to the provisions of the Certificate of
Incorporation relating to the rights of the holders of any class or series of Preferred Stock, voting separately by class or series,
to elect directors under specified circumstances, any director or directors may be removed from office at any time, with or without
cause but only by the affirmative vote, at any regular meeting or special meeting (as the case may be) of the stockholders, of
a majority of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation then entitled to vote generally in the election of directors,
voting together as a single class, but only if notice of such proposal was contained in the notice of such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Unless otherwise provided
by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, in the event of any increase in the authorized number of directors, any newly created
directorship resulting from such increase or any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors for any cause shall be filled solely
by the vote of a majority of the remaining members of the Board of Directors whether or not a quorum, and any director so elected
shall hold office until the expiration of the term of office of the director whom he has replaced or until his successor is duly
elected and qualified, subject, however, to prior death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal from office. No decrease
in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 3.4. <U>Regular
Meeting</U>. A regular meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held each year, without notice other than this by-law, at the
place of, and on the day of, the annual meeting of stockholders if a quorum is present; and other regular meetings of the Board
of Directors shall be held each year, at such time and place either within or without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors
may determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 3.5. <U>Special
Meeting</U>. A special meeting of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board (if any) or by the Chief Executive
Officer and shall be called by the Secretary on the written request of a majority of the directors. The Chairman or Chief Executive
Officer so calling, or the directors so requesting, any such meeting shall fix the time and place, either within or without the
State of Delaware, of holding such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 3.6. <U>Notice
of Special Meeting</U>. Notice of special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be given to each director at least 24
hours prior to the time of such meeting by mail, personal delivery, facsimile, telephone or other means of electronic
transmission. Any director may waive notice of any meeting, whether before or after the time specified therein. The
attendance of a director at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a director attends
a meeting for the purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the
meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any regular or
special meeting of the directors, or members of a committee of directors, need be specified in a waiver of notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 3.7. <U>Place
of Meetings; Order of Business</U>. The directors may hold their meetings and may have an office and keep the books of the Corporation,
except as otherwise provided by law, in such place or places, within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors
may from time to time determine. The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors. In the absence
of the Chairman of the Board, the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee will preside at all meetings of the Board
of Directors. If both the Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee are absent or unable
to act as chairman, a chairman shall be elected from the directors present. The Secretary of the Corporation shall act as secretary
of all meetings of the directors; but in the absence of the Secretary, the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act
as secretary of the meeting. At all meetings of the Board of Directors business shall be transacted in such order as shall from
time to time be determined by the chairman of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 3.8. <U>Quorum
and Participation; Telephonic Meeting</U>. A majority of the whole Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction
of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which
there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute, by the
Certificate of Incorporation or by these by-laws. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the
directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until
a quorum shall be present.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Members of the Board
of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or
such committee, as the case may be, by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons
participating in the meeting can hear each other and such participation shall constitute presence in person and attendance at such
meeting, except where a person participates in the meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting,
to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 3.9. <U>Presumption
of Assent</U>. A director who is present at a meeting of the Board of Directors at which action on any corporate matter is taken
shall be presumed to have assented to the action unless (i) he objects at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any
business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened, (ii) his dissent shall be entered in the minutes of
the meeting or (iii) he shall file his written dissent to such action with the person acting as secretary of the meeting before
the adjournment thereof. Such right to dissent shall not apply to a director who voted in favor of such action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 3.10. <U>Action
By Unanimous Consent of Directors</U>. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these by-laws, any
action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof as provided in
Article IV of these by-laws, may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or of such committee, as the case
may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission. After an action is taken, the consent or consents relating
thereto shall be filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee in the same paper or electronic form as the
minutes are maintained. Such consent shall have the same force and effect as a unanimous vote at a meeting, and may be stated
as such in any document or instrument filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 3.11. <U>Compensation</U>.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation
of directors. No provision of these by-laws shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other
capacity and receiving compensation therefor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 3.12. <U>Approval,
Adoption or Ratification of Acts or Agreements by Stockholders</U>. The Board of Directors in its discretion may submit any act
or agreement for approval, adoption or ratification at any annual meeting of the stockholders, or at any special meeting of the
stockholders called for the purpose of considering any such act or agreement, and any act or agreement that, to the fullest extent
permitted by law, shall be approved, adopted or ratified by the vote of the stockholders holding a majority in voting power of
the issued and outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote and present in person or by proxy at such meeting
(provided that a quorum is present), shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be as valid and as binding upon the Corporation
and upon all the stockholders as if it has been approved, adopted or ratified by every stockholder of the Corporation subject to
the Certificate of Incorporation, applicable law or the rules and regulations of any exchange on which shares of the Corporation&rsquo;s
stock are traded. In addition, any such act or contract may be approved, adopted or ratified by the consent of stockholders holding
a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote and such consent shall, to
the fullest extent permitted by law, be as valid and as binding upon the Corporation and upon all the stockholders as if it had
been approved or ratified by every stockholder of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 3.13. <U>Chairman
of the Board</U>. The Board of Directors annually shall elect a Chairman of the Board from among its members and shall fill any
vacancy in the position of Chairman of the Board at such time and in such manner as the Board shall determine. The Chairman of
the Board may, but need not, be an officer of or employed in an executive or any other capacity by the Corporation. The Chairman
of the Board shall have the powers prescribed to him in Section 6.6 of these by-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE IV</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 4.1. <U>Designation,
Powers and Name</U>. The Corporation elects to be governed by Section 141(c)(2) of the General Corporation Law of the State
of Delaware. The Board of Directors shall designate a Nominating and Governance Committee, a Management Development and
Compensation Committee, and an Audit Committee and may designate one or more other committees, each such committee to consist
of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. Any such designated committee shall have and may, to the fullest extent
permitted by law, exercise such of the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and
affairs of the Corporation as may be provided in the resolution establishing such committee. Any such designated committee
may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it. The Board of Directors may
designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at
any meeting of such committee. In the absence or disqualification of any member of such committee or committees, the member
or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum,
may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or
disqualified member. Such committee or committees shall have such name or names and such limitations of authority as may be
determined from time to time by these by-laws, by the Charter for such committee adopted by the Board of Directors, or by a
resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 4.2. <U>Procedure;
Meetings; Quorum</U>. Any committee designated pursuant to Section 4.1 shall keep regular minutes of its proceedings and report
the same to the Board of Directors when requested, shall fix its own rules or procedures to the extent not otherwise set forth
in the Charter for such committee or resolution with respect to such committee adopted by the Board of Directors, and shall meet
at such times and at such place or places as may be provided by such rules, by the Charter for such committee adopted by the Board
of Directors, or by resolution of such committee or resolution of the Board of Directors. At every meeting of any such committee,
the presence of a majority of all the members thereof shall constitute a quorum and, at a meeting where a quorum is present, the
affirmative vote of a majority of the members present shall be necessary for the adoption by it of any resolution.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 4.3. <U>Compensation</U>.
Compensation for membership on special or standing committees shall be as determined by the Board of Directors and may include,
but not be limited to, retainers, meeting fees or special compensation for serving as a chairman of any such committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE V</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">WAIVER OF NOTICE</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 5.1. <U>Methods
of Giving Notice</U>. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any
notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware,
the Certificate of Incorporation or these by-laws may be given in writing directed to the stockholder&rsquo;s mailing address
(or by electronic transmission directed to the stockholder&rsquo;s electronic mail address, as applicable) as it appears on
the records of the Corporation. Notice shall be given (i) if mailed, when deposited in the United States mail, (ii) if
delivered by courier service, the earlier of when the notice is received or left at the stockholder&rsquo;s address, or (iii)
if given by electronic mail, when directed at to such stockholder&rsquo;s electronic mail address (unless the stockholder has
notified the Corporation in writing or by electronic transmission of an objection to receiving notice by electronic mail or
such notice is prohibited by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware to be given by electronic transmission). A
notice by electronic mail must include a prominent legend that the communication is an important notice regarding the
Corporation. A notice by electronic mail will include any files attached thereto and any information hyperlinked to a website
if such electronic mail includes the contact information of an officer or agent of the Corporation who is available to assist
with accessing such files or information. Any notice to stockholders under any provision of the General Corporation Law of
the State of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation or these by-laws provided by electronic transmission (other than any
such notice given by electronic mail) may only be given in a form consented to by such stockholder, and any such notice by
electronic transmission shall be deemed to be given as provided by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Except as otherwise
provided herein or permitted by applicable law, notices to any director may be in writing and delivered personally or mailed to
such director at such director&rsquo;s address appearing on the books of the Corporation, or may be given by telephone or by any
means of electronic transmission (including, without limitation, electronic mail) directed to an address for receipt by such director
of electronic transmissions appearing on the books of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 5.2. <U>Waiver</U>.
Whenever any notice is required to be given under the Certificate of Incorporation, these by-laws or applicable law, a waiver thereof
in writing or by electronic transmission, given by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time
stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of
such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to
the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at,
nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders, directors, or members of a committee of directors need
be specified in any waiver of notice unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation or these by-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE VI</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">OFFICERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6.1. <U>Officers</U>.
The Board of Directors shall elect such officers of the Corporation with the titles and duties that it designates. The
Chairman of the Board, and any Vice Chairmen of the Board, may, but need not, be officers of the Corporation or employed in
an executive or any other capacity by the Corporation. There may be a Chief Executive Officer, a President, one or more Vice
Presidents, any one or more of which may be designated Executive Vice President or Senior Vice President, a Chief Financial
Officer, a General Counsel / Chief Legal Officer, a Secretary, a Treasurer, a Chief Accounting Officer, and such other
officers as the Board of Directors may elect or appoint. The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers and agents,
including Assistant Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Controllers, as it shall deem
necessary, who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be
determined by the Board. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person unless the Certificate of Incorporation
provides otherwise. No officer shall execute, acknowledge, verify or countersign any instrument on behalf of the Corporation
in more than one capacity, if such instrument is required by law, by these by-laws or by any act of the Corporation to be
executed, acknowledged, verified or countersigned by two or more officers. The Chairman of the Board shall be elected from
among the directors in accordance with Section 3.13 of these by-laws. With the foregoing exception, none of the other
officers need be a director, and none of the officers need be a stockholder of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6.2. <U>Term
of Office</U>. Each officer shall hold office until his successor shall have been chosen and shall have qualified or until his
death or the effective date of his resignation or removal.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6.3. <U>Removal
and Resignation</U>. Any officer or agent elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed, with or without cause,
by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors whenever, in its judgment, the best interests of the Corporation
shall be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contractual rights, if any, of the person so removed.
Election or appointment of an officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights. Any officer may resign at any time by
giving notice to the Corporation, but such resignation shall be without prejudice to the contractual rights, if any, of the person
so removed. Any such resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of such notice or at any later time specified therein,
and unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6.4. <U>Vacancies</U>.
If the Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Legal Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer or the most senior
representative of Internal Audit shall die, resign, or otherwise be removed from such officer position, such vacancy may be filled
solely by the Board of Directors. Any vacancy occurring with respect to any other officer due to death, resignation, removal or
otherwise, may be filled by the Board of Directors or by the Chief Executive Officer or the President in accordance with these
by-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6.5. <U>Compensation</U>.
The compensation of the Corporation&rsquo;s executive officers (as determined in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended), and any other group of officers elected or appointed by the Board of Directors and set forth in the charter
of the Management Development and Compensation Committee, shall be fixed by the Management Development and Compensation Committee
of the Board of Directors or pursuant to its direction; no officer shall be prevented from receiving such compensation by reason
of his also being a director. Actions relating to the compensation of the Chief Executive Officer will be promptly reported to
the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6.6. <U>Chairman
of the Board</U>. The Chairman of the Board, if any, shall have all powers and shall perform all duties incident to the office
of chairman of the board. The Chairman shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and of the stockholders of the Corporation;
shall formulate and submit to the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee (if any) matters of general policy of the Corporation;
shall have authority to call special meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors; and shall have such other powers
and perform such other duties as usually appertain to the office or as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Executive
Committee (if any). The Chairman of the Board may hold such offices as the Board of Directors may determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION
6.7. <U>Substitute for Chairman of the Board</U>. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, or in the event of his inability
or refusal to act, the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee will preside and shall perform the duties and exercise
the powers of the Chairman of the Board, and when acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restriction upon
the Chairman of the Board. If both the Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee are absent
or unable to act as chairman, a chairman shall be elected from the directors present.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6.8. <U>Chief
Executive Officer</U>. The Chief Executive Officer shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation and, subject to the
control of the Board of Directors, shall in general manage, supervise, and control the properties, business, and affairs of the
Corporation with all such powers as may be reasonably incident to such responsibilities. Unless the Board of Directors otherwise
determines, the Chief Executive Officer shall have the authority to agree upon and execute all leases, contracts, evidences of
indebtedness, and other obligations in the name of the Corporation in accordance with the internal policies and procedures of the
Corporation in effect from time to time, including, if applicable, any limitations on dollar amounts of such obligations. In the
absence of the Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board, the Chief Executive
Officer shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders. He may also preside at any such meeting attended by the Chairman of
the Board if he is so designated by the Chairman. Subject to any contractual limitations contained in any employment agreement
or other applicable contract, he shall have the power to appoint and remove subordinate officers, agents, and employees; provided,
however, that he shall not have the power to remove or to fill a vacancy in the office of the President, Chief Legal Officer, Chief
Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer or the most senior representative of Internal Audit without the approval of the Board
of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Chief Executive Officer
shall keep the Board of Directors and the Executive Committee (if any) fully informed and shall consult them concerning the business
of the Corporation. He shall perform all other duties normally incident to the office of Chief Executive Officer, and shall have
such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee (if any)
from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6.9. <U>President</U>.
The Board of Directors may appoint a President who shall serve subject to the control of the Chief Executive Officer and the
Board of Directors. In the absence of the Chief Executive Officer, or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, the
President shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chief Executive Officer. Subject to any contractual
limitations contained in any employment agreement or other applicable contract, he shall have the power to appoint and remove
subordinate officers, agents and employees, after consultation with the Chief Executive Officer; provided, however, that he
shall not have the power to remove or to fill a vacancy in the office of the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Legal Officer,
Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer or the most senior representative of Internal Audit without the approval of
the Board of Directors. Unless the Board of Directors otherwise determines, the President shall have the authority to agree
upon and execute all leases, contracts, evidences of indebtedness, and other obligations in the name of the Corporation, in
accordance with the internal policies and procedures of the Corporation in effect from time to time, including, if
applicable, any limitations on dollar amounts of such obligations. The President shall keep the Board of Directors, the
Executive Committee (if any), and the Chief Executive Officer fully informed and shall consult them concerning the business
of the Corporation. He may vote, or give a proxy to any other officer of the Corporation to vote, all shares of stock or
securities of any other corporation or other entity standing in the name of the Corporation and shall exercise any and all
rights and powers which this Corporation may possess by reason of its ownership of securities in such other corporation or
entity; provided that the Board of Directors may from time to time, by resolution, confer like powers upon any other person
or persons. In general, the President shall have all powers and shall perform all other duties normally incident to the
office of president, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by these by-laws,
the Board of Directors, or the Executive Committee (if any) from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6.10. <U>Chief
Financial Officer</U>. The Chief Financial Officer shall be the principal financial officer of the Corporation and shall be responsible,
either directly or indirectly, for development and administration of the Corporation&rsquo;s financial plans and all financial
arrangements, its cash deposits and short term investments, its accounting policies and its federal and state tax returns. The
Chief Financial Officer shall also be responsible for the Corporation&rsquo;s internal control procedures and for its relationship
with the financial community. The Chief Financial Officer shall perform all the duties incident to the office of chief financial
officer of a corporation, those duties assigned to him by other provisions of these by-laws and such other duties as may be assigned
to him either directly or indirectly by the Board of Directors, the Audit Committee, the Executive Committee (if any), the Chief
Executive Officer, or the President, or as may be provided by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6.11. <U>Vice
Presidents</U>. The Board of Directors may appoint such Vice Presidents, including Executive or Senior Vice Presidents, as it may
determine to be in the best interests of the Corporation. Any Vice President may sign certificates representing shares of the Corporation.
Each Vice President shall perform all duties incident to the office of Vice President and shall have such powers and perform such
other duties, as from time to time may be assigned to him by these by-laws or by the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the
Chief Operating Officer, the Board of Directors, or the Executive Committee (if any).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The Board of
Directors may also designate the President or any Vice President as Chief Operating Officer of the Corporation. The Chief
Operating Officer, subject to the control of the Chief Executive Officer, the President, and the Board of Directors, shall in
general manage, supervise and control the properties, business and day-to-day affairs of the Corporation with all such powers
as may be reasonably incident to such responsibilities and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may
be prescribed by these by-laws, or by the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Board of Directors, or the Executive
Committee (if any) from time to time. Unless the Board of Directors otherwise determines, the Chief Operating Officer shall
have the authority to agree upon and execute all leases, contracts, evidences of indebtedness, and other obligations in the
name of the Corporation, in accordance with the internal policies and procedures of the Corporation in effect from time to
time, including, if applicable, any limitations on dollar amounts of such obligations. The Chief Operating Officer shall keep
the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee (if any), the President, and the Chief Executive Officer fully informed and
shall consult them concerning the business of the Corporation. He may vote, or give a proxy to any other officer of the
Corporation to vote, all shares of stock or securities of any other corporation or other entity standing in the name of the
Corporation and shall exercise any and all rights and powers which this Corporation may possess by reason of its ownership of
securities in such other corporation or entity; provided that the Board of Directors may from time to time, by resolution,
confer like powers upon any other person or persons.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6.12. <U>General
Counsel / Chief Legal Officer</U>. The General Counsel, who may also, or in the alternative, have the title Chief Legal Officer,
shall be the chief legal advisor of the Corporation and shall have responsibility for the management of the legal affairs and litigation
of the Corporation; and, in general, he shall perform the duties incident to the office of general counsel or chief legal officer
of a corporation and such other duties as may be assigned to him by these by-laws or by the Chief Executive Officer, the President,
the Board of Directors, or the Executive Committee (if any).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6.13. <U>Secretary</U>.
The Secretary shall (a) keep the minutes of the meetings of the stockholders, the Board of Directors, and committees of directors;
(b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these by-laws and as required by law; (c) be custodian
of the corporate records and of the seal of the Corporation, and, if required by law, see that the seal of the Corporation or a
facsimile thereof is affixed to all certificates representing shares prior to the issue thereof and to all documents, the execution
of which on behalf of the Corporation under its seal is duly authorized in accordance with the provisions of these by-laws and
attest the affixation of the seal of the Corporation thereto; (d) keep or cause to be kept a register of the post office address
of each stockholder which shall be furnished by such stockholder; (e) have authority to sign certificates representing shares of
the Corporation, the issue of which shall have been authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors; (f) have general charge
of the stock transfer books of the Corporation; and (g) in general, shall have such other powers and shall perform all duties normally
incident to the office of Secretary, and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties, as from time to time may be
assigned to him by these by-laws, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Board of Directors, or the Executive Committee
(if any).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6.14. <U>Chief
Accounting Officer</U>. The Chief Accounting Officer shall be the principal accounting officer of the Corporation and may also
be the controller of the Corporation. He shall keep full and accurate accounts of the assets, liabilities, commitments, receipts,
disbursements and other financial transactions of the Corporation; shall cause regular audits of the books and records of account
of the Corporation and shall supervise the preparation of the Corporation&rsquo;s financial statements; and, in general, he shall
perform the duties incident to the office of controller of a corporation and such other duties as may be assigned to him directly
or indirectly by the Board of Directors, the Audit Committee, the Executive Committee (if any), the Chief Executive Officer, the
President, or the Chief Financial Officer, or as may be provided by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6.15. <U>Treasurer</U>.
The Treasurer shall have charge of and be responsible for all funds, securities, receipts and disbursements of the
Corporation, and shall deposit, or cause to be deposited, in the name of the Corporation, all moneys or other valuable
effects in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as shall, from time to time, be selected by or under authority
of the Board of Directors; if required by the Board of Directors, he shall give a bond for the faithful discharge of his
duties, with such surety or sureties as the Board of Directors may determine; he shall keep or cause to be kept full and
accurate records of all receipts and disbursements in books of the Corporation; and, in general, he shall perform the duties
incident to the office of treasurer of a corporation and such other duties as may be assigned to him directly or indirectly
by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or the Chief Financial Officer, or as may be provided
by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 6.16. <U>Assistant
Secretary, Assistant Treasurer or Assistant Controller</U>. The Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Controllers
shall, in general, perform such duties and have such powers as shall be assigned to them by the Secretary, the Treasurer or the
Chief Accounting Officer, respectively, or by the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Board of Directors or the Executive
Committee (if any). The Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Controllers shall, in the absence or inability
or refusal to act of the Secretary, Treasurer or Controller, respectively, perform all functions and duties which such absent officers
may delegate, but such delegation shall not relieve the absent officer from the responsibilities and liabilities of his office.
The Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers may sign certificates representing shares of the Corporation, the issue of which
shall have been authorized by a resolution of the Board of Directors. The Assistant Controllers shall respectively, if required
by the Board of Directors, give bonds for the faithful discharge of their duties in such sums and with such sureties as the Board
of Directors shall determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE VII</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">CONTRACTS, CHECKS AND DEPOSITS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 7.1. <U>Contracts</U>.
Except as otherwise provided in these by-laws or by law or as otherwise directed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive
Officer, the President, any Vice President, or the Secretary shall be authorized to execute and deliver, in the name and on behalf
of the Corporation, all agreements, bonds, contracts, deeds, mortgages, and other instruments, either for the Corporation&rsquo;s
own account or in a fiduciary or other capacity, and the seal of the Corporation, if appropriate, shall be affixed thereto by any
such officer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Operating
Officer, or the President or, if designated by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Operating Officer,
or the President, then any Vice President or the Secretary, may authorize any other officer, employee, or agent to execute and
deliver, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, agreements, bonds, contracts, deeds, loans, mortgages, and other instruments,
either for the Corporation&rsquo;s own account or in a fiduciary or other capacity, and, if appropriate, to affix the seal of the
Corporation thereto. The grant of such authority by the Board of Directors or any such officer may be general or confined to specific
conditions. Subject to the foregoing provisions, the Board of Directors may authorize any officer, officers, agent or agents, to
enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, and such authority
may be general or confined to specific instances.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION
7.2. <U>Checks, Etc.</U> All checks, demands, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness
issued in the name of the Corporation, shall be signed and, if so required by the Board of Directors, shall be countersigned by
such officer or officers or such agent or agents of the Corporation, and in such manner, as shall be determined by the Board of
Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 7.3. <U>Deposits</U>.
All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the Corporation in such
banks, trust companies or other depositories as the Board of Directors may select. Checks, drafts, bills of exchange, acceptances,
notes, obligations, and orders for payment of money made payable to the Corporation may be endorsed for deposit to the credit of
the Corporation with a duly authorized depository by the Treasurer and/or such other officers or persons as the Board of Directors
from time to time may designate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE VIII</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">CERTIFICATES OF STOCK</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 8.1. <U>Issuance</U>.
The shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates or, if provided by the Board of Directors by resolution or resolutions,
shall be uncertificated shares evidenced by a book-entry system maintained by the registrar of such stock, or a combination of
both. Every holder of stock represented by certificates shall be entitled to a certificate signed by, or in the name of the Corporation
by, two authorized officers of the Corporation, including, but not limited to, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Vice
Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President, a Vice-President, the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary of the Corporation representing the number of shares registered in certificate form. To the extent that shares
are represented by certificates, the certificates shall be in such form as may be determined by the Board of Directors, shall be
issued in numerical order and shall be entered in the books of the Corporation as they are issued. They shall exhibit the holder&rsquo;s
name and number of shares (and if the stock of the Corporation shall be divided into classes or series, the class or series of
such shares). Any of or all of the signatures on the certificate may be facsimiles. The stock record books and the blank stock
certificate books shall be kept by the Secretary, or at the office of the transfer agent or transfer agents of the Corporation
as the Board of Directors may from time to time by resolution determine. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who shall
have signed or whose facsimile signature or signatures shall have been placed upon any such certificate or certificates shall have
ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued by the Corporation, such certificate may
nevertheless be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar
at the date of issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If the Corporation
shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class of stock, the powers,
designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series
thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or
summarized on the face or back of the certificate, if any, which the Corporation shall issue to represent such class of
stock; provided that, except as otherwise provided by statute, in lieu of the foregoing requirements there may be set forth
on the face or back of the certificate, if any, which the Corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock,
a statement that the Corporation will furnish to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and
relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications,
limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of
uncertificated stock, the Corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof a written notice containing the information
required to be set forth or stated on certificates pursuant to this Section 8.1 or otherwise required by statute or with
respect to this Section 8.1 a statement that the Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests
the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or
series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Except as otherwise
expressly provided by law, the rights and obligations of the holders of uncertificated stock and the rights and obligations
of the holders of certificates representing stock of the same class and series shall be identical.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">All certificates surrendered
to the Corporation for transfer shall be cancelled and no new certificate shall be issued until the former certificate for a like
number of shares shall have been surrendered and cancelled, except that in the case of a lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated certificate
a new one may be issued therefore as provided for in these by-laws. Certificates shall not be issued representing fractional shares
of stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 8.2. <U>Lost,
Stolen or Destroyed; Issuance of New Certificates</U>. The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate of stock or uncertificated
shares to be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed,
upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When
authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates or uncertificated shares, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion
and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or his legal
representative, to advertise the same in such manner as it shall require or to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may
deem sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft
or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares, or both.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 8.3. <U>Transfers</U>.
Upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate representing shares duly endorsed or
accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue
a new certificate or uncertificated shares to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and register the transaction
upon its books. Upon presentation to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of an instruction with a request
to transfer, pledge or release an uncertificated share or shares, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to register the transfer,
pledge or release upon its books, and shall provide the registered owner with such notices as may be required by law. Transfers
of shares shall be made only on the books of the Corporation by the registered holder thereof, or by his attorney thereunto authorized
by power of attorney and filed with the Secretary of the Corporation or the transfer agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 34; Value: 1 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 8.4. <U>Registered
Stockholders</U>. The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the registered owner of any share or shares of stock whether certificated
or uncertificated as the holder in fact thereof and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim
to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof,
except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 8.5. <U>Regulations
Regarding Certificates</U>. Subject to the requirements of applicable law, the Board of Directors shall have the power and authority
to make all such rules and regulations as they may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer and registration or the replacement
of certificates representing shares of capital stock of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE IX</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">DIVIDENDS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 9.1. <U>Declaration</U>.
Dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may
be declared by the Board of Directors, pursuant to and in accordance with applicable law. Dividends may be paid in the form of
cash, in property or in shares of capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 9.2. <U>Reserve</U>.
Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or
sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in its absolute discretion, shall think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet
contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for such other
purpose as the Board of Directors shall think conducive to the interest of the Corporation, and the directors may modify or abolish
any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE X</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 10.1. <U>Third
Party Actions</U>. This Corporation shall, to the maximum extent permitted from time to time under the law of the State of
Delaware as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, indemnify and upon request shall advance expenses to any person
who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, proceeding or
claim, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the name of the Corporation)
by reason of the fact that such person is or was or has agreed to be a director or officer of this Corporation or any of its
direct or indirect subsidiaries or while such director or officer is or was serving at the request of this Corporation as a
director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent of any corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other
enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability, loss suffered and expenses
(including attorney&rsquo;s fees and expenses), judgments, fines, penalties and amounts paid in settlement reasonably
incurred in connection with the investigation, preparation to defend or defense of such action, suit, proceeding or claim;
provided, however, that the foregoing shall not require this Corporation to indemnify or advance expenses to any person in
connection with any action, suit, proceeding, claim or counterclaim (or part thereof) initiated by or on behalf of such
person unless the initiation of such action, suit, proceeding, claim or counterclaim (or part thereof) by such person was
authorized in the specific case by the Board of Directors. Prior to receiving any advance of expenses, such person must
execute an undertaking providing that he or she undertakes to repay the advance to the extent that it is ultimately
determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation. Such indemnification shall not be exclusive
of other indemnification rights arising under any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, by-laws, agreement, vote of
directors or stockholders or otherwise and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs and legal representatives of such person.
Any person seeking indemnification under this Section 10.1 shall be deemed to have met the standard of conduct required for
such indemnification unless the contrary shall be established. For purposes of this Article X, an &ldquo;officer&rdquo; is
defined as any person elected as an officer of this Corporation by the Board of Directors or appointed as an officer of this
Corporation by the Chief Executive Officer or President, in each case, in accordance with Article VI of these by-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 10.2. <U>Actions
By or in the Right of the Corporation</U>. This Corporation shall, to the maximum extent permitted from time to time under the
law of the State of Delaware as it presently exists or may hereafter by amended, indemnify and upon request shall advance expenses
to any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, proceeding
or claim by or on the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or
was or has agreed to be a director or officer of this Corporation or any of its direct or indirect subsidiaries or while such director
or officer is or was serving at the request of this Corporation as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent of
any corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans,
against all expenses (including attorney&rsquo;s fees and expenses) reasonably incurred in connection with the investigation, preparation
to defend or defense of such action, suit, proceeding or claim; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not require this Corporation
to indemnify or advance expenses to any person in connection with any action, suit, proceeding, claim or counterclaim initiated
by or on behalf of such person. Prior to receiving any advance of expenses, such person must execute an undertaking providing that
he or she undertakes to repay the advance to the extent that it is ultimately determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified
by the Corporation. Such indemnification shall not be exclusive of other indemnification rights arising under any provision of
the Certificate of Incorporation, by-laws, agreement, vote of directors or stockholders or otherwise and shall inure to the benefit
of the heirs and legal representatives of such person. Any person seeking indemnification under this Section 10.2 shall be deemed
to have met the standard of conduct required for such indemnification unless the contrary shall be established.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 10.3. <U>Successful
Defense</U>. To the extent that a director or officer, of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in
defense of any action, suit, or proceeding referred to in Sections 10.1 or 10.2 or in defense of any claim, issue, or matter
therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys&rsquo; fees) actually and reasonable incurred by him
in connection therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 10.4. <U>Claims</U>.
If a claim for indemnification (following the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding) or advancement of expenses
is not paid in full within 30 days after a properly submitted written claim therefor by an indemnitee entitled thereto has been
received by the Corporation, such indemnitee may thereupon (but not before) file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim
and, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such claim to the maximum extent
permitted by law. In any such action the Corporation shall have the burden of proving that such indemnitee is not entitled to the
requested indemnification or advancement of expenses under applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 10.5. <U>Insurance</U>.
The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent
of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred
by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person&rsquo;s status as such, whether or not the Corporation would
have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of this Article X of these by-laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 10.6. <U>Definitions</U>.
For purposes of this Article X, reference to the &ldquo;Corporation&rdquo; shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation,
any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate
existence has continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers and employees or agents, so that
any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request
of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust
or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article X with respect to the resulting or surviving
corporation as such person would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">For purposes of this
Article X, references to &ldquo;other enterprises&rdquo; shall include employee benefit plans; references to &ldquo;fines&rdquo;
shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to any employee benefit plan; and references to &ldquo;serving
at the request of the Corporation&rdquo; shall include any service by a person who is a director or officer of the Corporation
which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director or officer with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants,
or beneficiaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 10.7. <U>Survival;
Preservation of Other Rights</U>. The foregoing indemnification provisions shall be deemed to be a contract between the
Corporation and each director or officer who serves in any such capacity at any time while these provisions as well as
relevant provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware are in effect and any repeal or modification
thereof shall not affect any right or obligation then existing with respect to any state of facts then or previously existing
or any action, suit, or proceeding previously or thereafter brought or threatened based in whole or in part upon any such
state of facts. Such a contract right may not be modified retroactively without the consent of such director or officer. The
indemnification provided by this Article X shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those indemnified may
be entitled under any by-law, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, statutes, agreement, vote of stockholders or
disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while
holding office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee, or agent and shall
inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors, and administrators of such a person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 10.8. <U>Amendment
or Repeal</U>. Any repeal or modification of the provisions of this Article X shall not adversely affect any right or protection
hereunder of any person entitled to indemnification hereunder in respect of any proceeding (regardless of when such proceeding
is first threatened, commenced or completed) arising out of, or related to any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such
repeal or modification.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Section</FONT>
10.9. <U>Other Sources</U>. The Corporation&rsquo;s obligation, if any, to indemnify or to advance expenses to any person entitled
to indemnification hereunder who was or is serving at its request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity shall be reduced by any amount such person entitled to indemnification
hereunder may collect as indemnification or advancement of expenses from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust,
enterprise or non-profit enterprise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Section</FONT>
10.10. <U>Other Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses</U>. This Article X shall not limit the right of the Corporation, to
the extent and in the manner permitted by law, to indemnify and to advance expenses to persons other than persons entitled to indemnification
hereunder when and as authorized by appropriate corporate action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE XI</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">MISCELLANEOUS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 11.1. <U>Seal</U>.
The Board of Directors may provide a suitable seal, containing the name of the Corporation, and the words &ldquo;Corporate Seal,
Delaware.&rdquo; The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or otherwise reproduced.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 11.2. <U>Books</U>.
The books of the Corporation may be kept (subject to any provision contained in the statutes) outside the State of Delaware at
such place or places as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 11.3. <U>Fiscal
Year</U>. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be such as established from time to time by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 11.4. <U>Resignations</U>.
Any director or member of a committee may resign at any time. Such resignation shall be made in writing or by electronic transmission
and shall take effect at the time specified therein, or if no time be specified, at the time of its receipt by the Chairman of
the Board or Secretary if the resignation is from a director or committee member. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be
necessary to make it effective, unless expressly so provided in the resignation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 11.5. <U>Facsimile
and Other Electronic Signatures</U>. In addition to the provisions for the use of facsimile or other electronic signatures elsewhere
specifically authorized in these by-laws, facsimile signatures or other form of electronic signature of any officer, director,
employee, agent or stockholder of the Corporation may be used as permitted by applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 11.6. <U>Reliance
upon Books, Reports and Records</U>. Each director and each member of any committee designated by the Board of Directors shall,
in the performance of his duties, be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the records of the Corporation and upon such
information, opinions, reports or statements made to the Corporation by any of its officers or employees, or by any other person
as to matters the director reasonably believes are within such person&rsquo;s professional or expert competence who has been selected
with reasonable care by or on behalf of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">SECTION 11.7. <U>Forum
for Adjudication of Certain Disputes</U>. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum
(an &ldquo;Alternative Forum Consent&rdquo;), the Delaware Court of Chancery (the &ldquo;Chancery Court&rdquo;) shall, to the
fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for: (i)&nbsp;any derivative action or proceeding brought on
behalf of the Corporation; (ii)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer,
stockholder, employee or agent of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation&rsquo;s stockholders; (iii)&nbsp;any action
asserting a claim pursuant to any provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or the Certificate of Incorporation
or these by-laws or as to which the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware confers jurisdiction upon the Chancery Court;
or (iv)&nbsp;any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Notwithstanding the foregoing, solely in
the event that the Chancery Court declines to accept jurisdiction over any such action or proceeding, unless there is an Alternative
Forum Consent, the sole and exclusive forum for such action or proceeding shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the
Superior Court of the State of Delaware (Complex Commercial Division) or, if subject matter jurisdiction over the matter that
is the subject of any such action or proceeding is vested exclusively in the federal courts of the United States of America, the
United States District Court for the District of Delaware, and any appellate court from any thereof (the &ldquo;Selected Courts&rdquo;),
in each such case unless any of the Selected Courts has dismissed a prior action by the same plaintiff asserting the same claims
because such court lacked personal jurisdiction over an indispensable party named as a defendant therein. Any person or entity
purchasing, otherwise acquiring or retaining any interest in shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to have
notice of and to have consented to the provisions of this Section&nbsp;11.7. The existence of any prior Alternative Forum Consent
shall not act as a waiver of the Corporation&rsquo;s ongoing consent right as set forth above in this Section&nbsp;11.7 with respect
to any current or future actions or claims.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">ARTICLE XII</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">AMENDMENT</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If provided in the Certificate
of Incorporation of the Corporation and subject to the provisions set forth therein, the Board of Directors shall have the power
to adopt, amend and repeal from time to time the by-laws of the Corporation, subject to the right of the stockholders entitled
to vote with respect thereto to amend or repeal such by-laws as adopted or amended by the Board of Directors.</P>



<P STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; font-size: 10pt"></P>

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<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020-01-31" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2020-01-31" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2020-01-31" xmlns:srt-types="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2020-01-31" xmlns:wm="http://wm.com/20201117" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://wm.com/20201117">
    <annotation>
      <appinfo>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://wm.com/role/Cover" id="Cover">
	  <link:definition>00000001 - Document - Cover</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="wm-20201117_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Presentation Links" />
	<link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="wm-20201117_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Label Links" />
      </appinfo>
    </annotation>
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020-01-31" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2020-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2020/elts/us-gaap-2020-01-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2020-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2020/elts/us-types-2020-01-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/nonNumeric-2009-12-16.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric-2009-12-16.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2020-01-31" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2020/country-2020-01-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2020-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2020/elts/srt-2020-01-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2020-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2020/elts/srt-types-2020-01-31.xsd" />
</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>wm-20201117_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 5.5b -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: http://www.novaworks.co -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodEndLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodEndLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodStartLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodStartLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTotalLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedNetLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedNetLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" />
    <link:labelLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link">
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Description</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:to="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Registration Statement</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2020/dei-2020-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>wm-20201117_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
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    <dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17">TX</dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince>
    <dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17">77002</dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode>
    <dei:CityAreaCode contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17">713</dei:CityAreaCode>
    <dei:LocalPhoneNumber contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17">512-6200</dei:LocalPhoneNumber>
    <dei:WrittenCommunications contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17">false</dei:WrittenCommunications>
    <dei:SolicitingMaterial contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17">false</dei:SolicitingMaterial>
    <dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17">false</dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer>
    <dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17">false</dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer>
    <dei:Security12bTitle contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17">Common Stock, $0.01 par value</dei:Security12bTitle>
    <dei:TradingSymbol contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17">WM</dei:TradingSymbol>
    <dei:SecurityExchangeName contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17">NYSE</dei:SecurityExchangeName>
    <dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany contextRef="From2020-11-17to2020-11-17">false</dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany>
</xbrl>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.20.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139707877404088">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 17, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov. 17,  2020<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-31<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">1-12154<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Waste Management, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000823768<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">73-1309529<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">1001 Fannin<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Houston<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">TX<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">77002<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">713<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">512-6200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $0.01 par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">WM<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
