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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill was $9,323 million and $9,028 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The $295 million increase in goodwill during 2022 is primarily related to acquisitions. As discussed in Note 2, we perform our annual impairment test of goodwill balances for our reporting units using a measurement date of October 1. We will also perform interim tests if an impairment indicator exists. See Notes 17 and 19 for additional information related to goodwill.

Our other intangible assets consisted of the following as of December 31 (in millions):


	Customer		Covenants		Licenses,
	and Supplier		Not-to-		Permits
	Relationships		Compete		and Other		Total
2022
Intangible assets	$	1,288	$	51	$	141	$	1,480
Less: Accumulated amortization		(543)		(23)		(87)		(653)
	$	745	$	28	$	54	$	827
2021
Intangible assets	$	1,355	$	43	$	142	$	1,540
Less: Accumulated amortization		(538)		(26)		(78)		(642)
	$	817	$	17	$	64	$	898

Amortization expense for other intangible assets was $129 million, $143 million and $107 million for 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in amortization expense in 2022 was primarily due to decreasing amortization under the 150% declining balance approach for intangible assets from the acquisition of Advanced Disposal. Amortization expense for other intangible assets for 2021 increased, as compared with 2020, due to the amortization of acquired intangible assets related to our acquisition of Advanced Disposal. Additional information related to other intangible assets acquired through business combinations is included in Note 17. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had $19 million of licenses, permits and other intangible assets that are not subject to amortization because they do not have stated expirations or have routine, administrative renewal processes. As of December 31, 2022, we expect annual amortization expense related to other intangible assets to be $120 million in 2023, $110 million in 2024, $101 million in 2025, $80 million in 2026 and $75 million in 2027.