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EMPLOYEE STOCK BENEFIT PLANS
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
EMPLOYEE STOCK BENEFIT PLANS EMPLOYEE STOCK BENEFIT PLANS
Stock-based compensation expense was as follows:
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
Dollars in millions2024202320242023
Cost of products sold$14 $13 $28 $24 
Marketing, selling and administrative48 56 101 107 
Research and development63 68 129 128 
Total Stock-based compensation expense$125 $137 $258 $259 
Income tax benefit(a)
$27 $27 $55 $52 
(a)    Income tax benefit excludes excess tax (deficiencies)/benefits from share-based compensation awards that were vested or exercised of $(3) million and $(20) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, and $2 million and $20 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

The number of units granted and the weighted-average fair value on the grant date for the six months ended June 30, 2024 were as follows:
Units in millionsUnitsWeighted-Average Fair Value
Restricted stock units13.0 $47.54 
Market share units1.3 $58.63 
Performance share units1.9 $53.08 
Dollars in millionsRestricted Stock UnitsMarket Share UnitsPerformance Share Units
Unrecognized compensation cost$1,075 $90 $123 
Expected weighted-average period in years of compensation cost to be recognized2.92.62.1