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EMPLOYEE STOCK BENEFIT PLANS
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
EMPLOYEE STOCK BENEFIT PLANS EMPLOYEE STOCK BENEFIT PLANS
Stock-based compensation expense was as follows:
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
Dollars in millions2024202320242023
Cost of products sold$14 $14 $42 $38 
Marketing, selling and administrative53 55 154 162 
Research and development62 63 191 191 
Total stock-based compensation expense
$129 $132 $387 $391 
Income tax benefit(a)
$27 $28 $82 $80 
(a)    Income tax benefit excludes excess tax (deficiencies)/benefits from share-based compensation awards that were vested or exercised of $(4) million and $(24) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and $1 million and $21 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

The number of units granted and the weighted-average fair value on the grant date for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were as follows:
Units in millionsUnitsWeighted-Average Fair Value
Restricted stock units13.3 $47.42 
Market share units1.3 $58.63 
Performance share units1.9 $53.08 
Dollars in millionsRestricted Stock UnitsMarket Share UnitsPerformance Share Units
Unrecognized compensation cost$908 $76 $101 
Expected weighted-average period in years of compensation cost to be recognized2.72.31.9