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INCOME TAXES
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES INCOME TAXES
Three Months Ended March 31,
Dollars in millions20252024
Earnings/(Loss) before income taxes
$2,971 $(11,516)
Income tax provision
509 392 
Effective tax rate17.1 %(3.4)%

Provision for income taxes in interim periods is determined based on the estimated annual effective tax rates and the tax impact of discrete items that are reflected immediately. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily impacted by jurisdictional earnings mix and certain discrete adjustments. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 includes the impact of a $12.1 billion one-time, non-tax deductible charge for the acquisition of Karuna.

Additional changes to the effective tax rate may occur in future periods due to various reasons, including changes to the estimated pretax earnings mix and tax reserves and revised interpretations or changes to the tax legislation code.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, income tax payments were $235 million and $187 million.

BMS is currently under examination by a number of tax authorities that proposed or are considering proposing material adjustments to tax positions for issues such as transfer pricing, certain tax credits and the deductibility of certain expenses. As previously disclosed, BMS received several notices of proposed adjustments from the IRS related to transfer pricing and other tax issues for the 2008 to 2012 tax years. BMS disagrees with the IRS's positions and continues to work cooperatively with the IRS to resolve these issues. In the fourth quarter of 2022, BMS entered the IRS administrative appeals process to resolve these matters. Timing of the final resolution of these complex matters is uncertain and could have a material impact on BMS's consolidated financial statements.

It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2025 could decrease in the range of approximately $300 million to $340 million in the next twelve months as a result of the settlement of certain tax audits and other events. The expected change in unrecognized tax benefits may result in the payment of additional taxes, adjustment of certain deferred taxes and/or recognition of tax benefits.

It is reasonably possible that new issues will be raised by tax authorities that may increase unrecognized tax benefits, however, an estimate of such increases cannot reasonably be made at this time. BMS believes that it has adequately provided for all open tax years by jurisdiction.