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Revenue
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue
Note 3. Revenue
Revenue Recognition
Revenues are measured based on consideration specified in our contracts with customers and are recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied.
The majority of our revenues are derived from passenger cruise contracts which are reported within Passenger ticket revenues in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). Our performance obligation under these contracts is to provide a cruise vacation in exchange for the ticket price. We satisfy this performance obligation and recognize revenue over the duration of each cruise, which generally range from one to 25 nights.
Passenger ticket revenues include charges to our guests for port costs that vary with passenger head counts. These types of port costs, along with port costs that do not vary by passenger head counts, are included in our operating expenses. The amounts of port costs charged to our guests and included within Passenger ticket revenues on a gross basis were $104.8 million,$125.0 million and $666.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Our total revenues also include Onboard and other revenues, which consist primarily of revenues from the sale of goods and services onboard our ships that are not included in passenger ticket prices. We receive payment before or concurrently with the transfer of these goods and services to passengers during a cruise and recognize revenue at the time of transfer over the duration of the related cruise.
As a practical expedient, we have omitted disclosures on our remaining performance obligations as the duration of our contracts with customers is less than a year.
Disaggregated Revenues
The following table disaggregates our total revenues by geographic regions where we provide cruise itineraries (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Revenues by itinerary
North America(1)$1,039,783 $1,342,429 $6,392,354 
Asia/Pacific(2)128,348 411,865 1,529,898 
Europe(3)180,256 18,604 1,942,057 
Other regions77,985 241,590 567,904 
Total revenues by itinerary1,426,372 2,014,488 10,432,213 
Other revenues(4)105,761 194,317 518,448 
Total revenues$1,532,133 $2,208,805 $10,950,661 
(1)Includes the United States, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean.
(2)Includes Southeast Asia (e.g., Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines), East Asia (e.g., China and Japan), South Asia (e.g., India and Pakistan) and Oceania (e.g., Australia and Fiji Islands) regions.
(3)Includes European countries (e.g., the Nordics, Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom).
(4)Includes revenues primarily related to cancellation fees, vacation protection insurance and pre- and post-cruise tours and fees for operating certain port facilities. Amounts also include revenues related to our bareboat charter, procurement and management related services we perform on behalf of our unconsolidated affiliates. Refer to Note 7. Other Assets for more information on our unconsolidated affiliates.
Passenger ticket revenues are attributed to geographic areas based on where the reservation originates. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, our guests were sourced from the following areas:
Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
Passenger ticket revenues:
United States76 %67 %65 %
All other countries (1)24 %33 %35 %
(1)No other individual country's revenue exceeded 10% for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
Customer Deposits and Contract Liabilities
Our payment terms generally require an upfront deposit to confirm a reservation, with the balance due prior to the cruise. Deposits received on sales of passenger cruises are initially recorded as Customer deposits in our consolidated balance sheets and subsequently recognized as passenger ticket revenues during the duration of the cruise. Additionally, refunds payable to guests who have elected cash refunds for cancelled sailings are recorded in Accounts Payable. ASC 606, Revenues from Contracts with Customers, defines a “contract liability” as an entity’s obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the entity has received consideration from the customer. We do not consider customer deposits to be a contract liability until the customer no longer retains the unilateral right, resulting from the passage of time, to cancel such customer's reservation and receive a full refund.
The reduction in demand for cruising due to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in lower than historical levels of advance bookings and the associated customer deposits received. At the same time, we experienced significant cancellations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to issuance of refunds to customers, while the remainder have been rebooked on future cruises or received credits in lieu of cash refunds.
As of December 31, 2021, refunds due to customers mostly as a result of cancelling their sailings were $38.8 million compared to $95.8 million as of December 31, 2020 and are included within Accounts payable in our consolidated balance sheets. Customer deposits also include deposits related to cancelled cruises prior to the election of a cash refund by guests. Due to the uncertainty related to the timing and pace of our return for cruising, we are unable to estimate the amount of the December 31, 2021 customer deposits that will be recognized in earnings compared to amounts that will be refunded to customers or issued as a credit for future travel through the end of 2022. Customer deposits presented in our consolidated balance sheets include contract liabilities of $814.3 million and $124.8 million as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
We have provided flexibility to guests with bookings on sailings cancelled due to COVID-19 by allowing guests to receive future cruise credits (“FCC”) or elect to receive refunds in cash. As of December 31, 2021, our customer deposit balance includes approximately $600.0 million of unredeemed FCCs. As of December 31, 2021, the expiration date of the FCCs was extended until April 2022 for sailings departing on or before December 2022. Given the uncertainty of travel demand caused by COVID-19 and lack of comparable historical experience of FCC redemptions, we are unable to estimate the number of FCCs that may expire unused in future periods and get recognized as breakage. We will update our breakage analysis as future information is received.
Contract Receivables and Contract Assets
Although we generally require full payment from our customers prior to their cruise, we grant credit terms to a relatively small portion of our revenue sourced in select markets outside of the United States. As a result, we have outstanding receivables from passenger cruise contracts in those markets. We also have receivables from credit card merchants for cruise ticket purchases and goods and services sold to guests during cruises that are collected before, during or shortly after the cruise voyage. In addition, we have receivables due from concessionaires onboard our vessels. These receivables are included within Trade and other receivables, net in our consolidated balance sheets.
We have contract assets that are conditional rights to consideration for satisfying the construction services performance obligations under a service concession arrangement. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, our contract assets were $52.9 million and $53.7 million, respectively, and were included within Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Given the short duration of our cruises and our collection terms, we do not have any other significant contract assets.
Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer
Prepaid travel advisor commissions are an incremental cost of obtaining contracts with customers that we recognize as an asset and include within Prepaid expenses and other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Prepaid travel advisor
commissions were $75.4 million and $1.1 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our prepaid travel advisor commissions at December 31, 2020 were expensed and reported primarily within Other operating in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) during the year ended December 31, 2021.