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GOODWILL AND OTHER ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
GOODWILL AND OTHER ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS | GOODWILL AND OTHER ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill for the periods indicated:
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
| MA |  | MIS |  | Consolidated
| Gross goodwill |  | Accumulated impairment charge |  | Net goodwill |  | Gross goodwill |  | Accumulated impairment charge |  | Net goodwill |  | Gross goodwill |  | Accumulated impairment charge |  | Net goodwill
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 5,626 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 5,614 |  |  | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | 6,006 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 5,994 |
Additions/ adjustments (1) | 135 |  |  | — |  |  | 135 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 135 |  |  | — |  |  | 135 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 111 |  |  | — |  |  | 111 |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | 108 |  |  | — |  |  | 108 |
Ending balance | $ | 5,872 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 5,860 |  |  | $ | 377 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 377 |  |  | $ | 6,249 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 6,237 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2024
| MA |  | MIS |  | Consolidated
| Gross goodwill |  | Accumulated impairment charge |  | Net goodwill |  | Gross goodwill |  | Accumulated impairment charge |  | Net goodwill |  | Gross goodwill |  | Accumulated impairment charge |  | Net goodwill
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 5,681 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 5,669 |  |  | $ | 287 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 287 |  |  | $ | 5,968 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 5,956 |
Additions/ adjustments (2) | 112 |  |  | — |  |  | 112 |  |  | 97 |  |  | — |  |  | 97 |  |  | 209 |  |  | — |  |  | 209 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (167) |  |  | — |  |  | (167) |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | (171) |  |  | — |  |  | (171) |
Ending balance | $ | 5,626 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 5,614 |  |  | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | 6,006 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 5,994 |
(1) The 2025 additions relate to the acquisition of CAPE Analytics in 2025. (2) The 2024 additions/adjustments primarily relate to certain immaterial acquisitions in 2024 (most notably GCR, Numerated and Praedicat). Acquired intangible assets and related amortization consisted of:
| March 31, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Customer relationships | $ | 2,143 |  |  | $ | 2,035 |
Accumulated amortization | (668) |  |  | (631) |
Net customer relationships | 1,475 |  |  | 1,404 |
Software/product technology | 747 |  |  | 695 |
Accumulated amortization | (447) |  |  | (419) |
Net software/product technology | 300 |  |  | 276 |
Database | 166 |  |  | 166 |
Accumulated amortization | (93) |  |  | (89) |
Net database | 73 |  |  | 77 |
Trade names | 202 |  |  | 199 |
Accumulated amortization | (88) |  |  | (83) |
Net trade names | 114 |  |  | 116 |
Other (1) | 67 |  |  | 67 |
Accumulated amortization | (51) |  |  | (50) |
Net other | 16 |  |  | 17 |
Total acquired intangible assets, net | $ | 1,978 |  |  | $ | 1,890 |
(1) Other intangible assets primarily consist of trade secrets, covenants not to compete, and acquired ratings methodologies and models. Amortization expense relating to acquired intangible assets is as follows:
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Amortization expense |  |  |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 49 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for goodwill and intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 350 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/350-30/tableOfContent Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 350 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/350-20/tableOfContent + Details
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