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GOODWILL AND OTHER ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables) | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Activity in Goodwill | The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill for the periods indicated:
| Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
| MA |  | MIS |  | Consolidated
| Gross goodwill |  | Accumulated impairment charge |  | Net goodwill |  | Gross goodwill |  | Accumulated impairment charge |  | Net goodwill |  | Gross goodwill |  | Accumulated impairment charge |  | Net goodwill
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 5,626 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 5,614 |  |  | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | 6,006 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 5,994 |
Additions/ adjustments (1) | 135 |  |  | — |  |  | 135 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 135 |  |  | — |  |  | 135 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 350 |  |  | — |  |  | 350 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 352 |  |  | — |  |  | 352 |
Ending balance | $ | 6,111 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 6,099 |  |  | $ | 382 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 382 |  |  | $ | 6,493 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 6,481 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2024
| MA |  | MIS |  | Consolidated
| Gross goodwill |  | Accumulated impairment charge |  | Net goodwill |  | Gross goodwill |  | Accumulated impairment charge |  | Net goodwill |  | Gross goodwill |  | Accumulated impairment charge |  | Net goodwill
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 5,681 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 5,669 |  |  | $ | 287 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 287 |  |  | $ | 5,968 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 5,956 |
Additions/ adjustments (2) | 112 |  |  | — |  |  | 112 |  |  | 97 |  |  | — |  |  | 97 |  |  | 209 |  |  | — |  |  | 209 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (167) |  |  | — |  |  | (167) |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | (171) |  |  | — |  |  | (171) |
Ending balance | $ | 5,626 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 5,614 |  |  | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | 6,006 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 5,994 |
(1) The 2025 additions relate to the acquisition of CAPE Analytics in 2025. (2) The 2024 additions/adjustments primarily relate to certain immaterial acquisitions in 2024 (most notably GCR, Numerated and Praedicat).
Acquired Intangible Assets and Related Amortization | Acquired intangible assets and related amortization consisted of:
| June 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Customer relationships | $ | 2,227 |  |  | $ | 2,035 |
Accumulated amortization | (724) |  |  | (631) |
Net customer relationships | 1,503 |  |  | 1,404 |
Software/product technology | 776 |  |  | 695 |
Accumulated amortization | (489) |  |  | (419) |
Net software/product technology | 287 |  |  | 276 |
Database | 167 |  |  | 166 |
Accumulated amortization | (98) |  |  | (89) |
Net database | 69 |  |  | 77 |
Trade names | 209 |  |  | 199 |
Accumulated amortization | (94) |  |  | (83) |
Net trade names | 115 |  |  | 116 |
Other (1) | 69 |  |  | 67 |
Accumulated amortization | (54) |  |  | (50) |
Net other | 15 |  |  | 17 |
Total acquired intangible assets, net | $ | 1,989 |  |  | $ | 1,890 |
(1) Other intangible assets primarily consist of trade secrets, covenants not to compete, and acquired ratings methodologies and models.
Amortization Expense Relating to Acquired Intangible Assets | Amortization expense relating to acquired intangible assets is as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Amortization expense | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 97 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the characteristics, including initial carrying value, residual amount, weighted average useful life, of finite-lived intangible assets acquired during the period by major class. A major class is composed of intangible assets that can be grouped together because they are similar, either by nature or by their use in the operations of the company. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 350 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-1 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 350 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482665/350-30-50-1 + Details
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