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SEGMENT INFORMATION | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
SEGMENT INFORMATION | SEGMENT INFORMATION The Company is organized into two operating segments: MA and MIS and accordingly, the Company reports in two reportable segments: MA and MIS. Revenue for MA and expenses for MIS include an intersegment fee charged to MIS from MA for certain MA products and services utilized in MIS’s ratings process. Additionally, revenue for MIS and expenses for MA include intersegment fees charged to MA for the rights to use and distribute content, data and products developed by MIS. These intersegment fees are generally based on the market value of the products and services being transferred between the segments. Overhead expenses include costs such as rent and occupancy, information technology and support staff such as finance, human resources and legal. Such costs and corporate expenses that exclusively benefit one segment are fully charged to that segment. For overhead costs and corporate expenses that benefit both segments, costs are generally allocated to each segment based on historical/budgeted revenue amounts. “Eliminations” in the following table represent intersegment revenue/expense. Moody’s does not report the Company’s assets by reportable segment, as this metric is not used by the CODM to allocate resources to the segments. Consequently, it is not practical to show assets by reportable segment. Financial Information by Segment The table below shows revenue, significant expenses regularly provided to the CODM and Adjusted Operating Income by reportable segment. The CODM, identified as the Company's CEO, utilizes the Adjusted Operating Income measure to assess the profitability of the Company and each of its reportable segments each quarter. Adjusted Operating Income is used in our budgeting and forecasting process, enabling the allocation of capital resources across the Company's strategic initiatives.
| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
| MA |  | MIS |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated |  | MA |  | MIS |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Total external revenue | $ | 909 |  |  | $ | 1,098 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,007 |  |  | $ | 831 |  |  | $ | 982 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,813 |
Intersegment revenue | 3 |  |  | 50 |  |  | (53) |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 48 |  |  | (51) |  |  | — |
Revenue | 912 |  |  | 1,148 |  |  | (53) |  |  | 2,007 |  |  | 834 |  |  | 1,030 |  |  | (51) |  |  | 1,813 |
Compensation expense | 352 |  |  | 283 |  |  | — |  |  | 635 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 318 |  |  | — |  |  | 668 |
Non-compensation expense | 197 |  |  | 113 |  |  | — |  |  | 310 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | 278 |
Intersegment expense | 50 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (53) |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (51) |  |  | — |
Operating, SG&A | 599 |  |  | 399 |  |  | (53) |  |  | 945 |  |  | 581 |  |  | 416 |  |  | (51) |  |  | 946 |
Adjusted Operating Income | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | 749 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,062 |  |  | $ | 253 |  |  | $ | 614 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 867 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 101 |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | 123 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 108 |
Restructuring | 15 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Charges related to asset abandonment | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Operating Income |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 917 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 738 |
Non-operating (expense) income, net |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (50) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (35) |
Income before provision for income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 867 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 703 |
| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
| MA |  | MIS |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated |  | MA |  | MIS |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Total external revenue | $ | 2,656 |  |  | $ | 3,173 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,829 |  |  | $ | 2,432 |  |  | $ | 2,984 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,416 |
Intersegment revenue | 9 |  |  | 149 |  |  | (158) |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 144 |  |  | (154) |  |  | — |
Revenue | 2,665 |  |  | 3,322 |  |  | (158) |  |  | 5,829 |  |  | 2,442 |  |  | 3,128 |  |  | (154) |  |  | 5,416 |
Compensation expense | 1,069 |  |  | 843 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,912 |  |  | 1,023 |  |  | 867 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,890 |
Non-compensation expense | 589 |  |  | 306 |  |  | — |  |  | 895 |  |  | 554 |  |  | 297 |  |  | — |  |  | 851 |
Intersegment expense | 149 |  |  | 9 |  |  | (158) |  |  | — |  |  | 144 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (154) |  |  | — |
Operating, SG&A | 1,807 |  |  | 1,158 |  |  | (158) |  |  | 2,807 |  |  | 1,721 |  |  | 1,174 |  |  | (154) |  |  | 2,741 |
Adjusted Operating Income | $ | 858 |  |  | $ | 2,164 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,022 |  |  | $ | 721 |  |  | $ | 1,954 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,675 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 292 |  |  | 64 |  |  | — |  |  | 356 |  |  | 260 |  |  | 58 |  |  | — |  |  | 318 |
Restructuring | 59 |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | 81 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Charges related to asset abandonment | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |
Operating Income |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,581 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,314 |
Non-operating (expense) income, net |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (138) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (140) |
Income before provision for income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,443 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,174 |
The table below shows cumulative restructuring expense incurred through September 30, 2025 by reportable segment.
| MA |  | MIS |  | Total
Strategic and Operational Efficiency Restructuring Program | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 126 |
The costs expected to be incurred related to the Strategic and Operational Efficiency Restructuring Program are $125 million to $155 million for the MA segment and $75 million to $95 million for the MIS segment, which include allocations of charges associated with corporate functions. This restructuring program is more fully discussed in Note 10. Consolidated Revenue Information by Geographic Area
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
United States | $ | 1,118 |  |  | $ | 999 |  |  | $ | 3,175 |  |  | $ | 2,942 |
Non-U.S.: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
EMEA | 594 |  |  | 546 |  |  | 1,776 |  |  | 1,654 |
Asia-Pacific | 180 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 521 |  |  | 476 |
Americas | 115 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 357 |  |  | 344 |
Total Non-U.S. | 889 |  |  | 814 |  |  | 2,654 |  |  | 2,474 |
Total | $ | 2,007 |  |  | $ | 1,813 |  |  | $ | 5,829 |  |  | $ | 5,416 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. 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