Note 9. Financial Instruments

Derivative instruments were recorded at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 as follows:


	June 30, 2014				December 31, 2013
	Asset		Liability		Asset		Liability
	Derivatives		Derivatives		Derivatives		Derivatives
	(in millions)

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Currency exchange contracts	$	5	$	3	$	3	$	11
Commodity contracts		8		18		2		3
Interest rate contracts		98		–		209		–

	$	111	$	21	$	214	$	14

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Currency exchange contracts	$	29	$	56	$	84	$	8
Commodity contracts		94		68		60		51
Interest rate contracts		60		35		64		38

	$	183	$	159	$	208	$	97


Total fair value	$	294	$	180	$	422	$	111

We record derivative assets and liabilities on a gross basis in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of our asset derivatives is recorded within other current assets and the fair value of our liability derivatives is recorded within other current liabilities. See our consolidated financial statements and related notes in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 for additional information on our risk management strategies and use of derivatives and related accounting.

The fair values (asset / (liability)) of our derivative instruments at June 30, 2014 were determined using:


				Quoted Prices in
				Active Markets		Significant			Significant
	Total			for Identical		Other Observable			Unobservable
	Fair Value of Net			Assets		Inputs			Inputs
	Asset / (Liability)			(Level 1)		(Level 2)			(Level 3)
	(in millions)

Currency exchange contracts	$	(25	)	$	–	$	(25	)	$	–
Commodity contracts		16			1		15			–
Interest rate contracts		123			–		123			–

Total derivatives	$	114		$	1	$	113		$	–

The fair values (asset / (liability)) of our derivative instruments at December 31, 2013 were determined using:


			Quoted Prices in
			Active Markets			Significant		Significant
	Total		for Identical			Other Observable		Unobservable
	Fair Value of Net		Assets			Inputs		Inputs
	Asset / (Liability)		(Level 1)			(Level 2)		(Level 3)
	(in millions)

Currency exchange contracts	$	68	$	–		$	68	$	–
Commodity contracts		8		(4	)		12		–
Interest rate contracts		235		–			235		–

Total derivatives	$	311	$	(4	)	$	315	$	–

Level 1 financial assets and liabilities consist of exchange-traded commodity futures and listed options. The fair value of these instruments is determined based on quoted market prices on commodity exchanges. Our exchange-traded derivatives are generally subject to master netting arrangements that permit net settlement of transactions with the same counterparty when certain criteria are met, such as in the event of default. We also are required to maintain cash margin accounts in connection with funding the settlement of our open positions and the margin requirements generally fluctuate daily based on market conditions. We have recorded margin deposits related to our exchange-traded derivatives of $26 million as of June 30, 2014 and $22 million as of December 31, 2013 within other current assets. Based on our net asset or liability positions with individual counterparties, in the event of default and immediate net settlement of all of our open positions, as of June 30, 2014, our counterparties would owe us a total of $27 million, and as of December 31, 2013, our counterparties would owe us a total of $7 million.

Level 2 financial assets and liabilities consist primarily of over-the-counter (“OTC”) currency exchange forwards, options and swaps; commodity forwards and options; and interest rate swaps. Our currency exchange contracts are valued using an income approach based on observable market forward rates less the contract rate multiplied by the notional amount. Commodity derivatives are valued using an income approach based on the observable market commodity index prices less the contract rate multiplied by the notional amount or based on pricing models that rely on market observable inputs such as commodity prices. Our calculation of the fair value of interest rate swaps is derived from a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the contract and the observable market interest rate curve. Our calculation of the fair value of financial instruments takes into consideration the risk of nonperformance, including counterparty credit risk. Our OTC derivative transactions are governed by International Swap Dealers Association (“ISDA”) agreements and other standard industry contracts. Under these agreements, we do not post nor require collateral from our counterparties. The majority of our commodity OTC derivatives do not have a legal right of set-off. In connection with our OTC derivatives that could be net-settled in the event of default, assuming all parties were to fail to comply with the terms of the agreements, for derivatives we have in a net liability position, we would owe $77 million as of June 30, 2014 and $47 million as of December 31, 2013, and for derivatives we have in a net asset position, our counterparties would owe us a total of $176 million as of June 30, 2014 and $349 million as of December 31, 2013. We manage the credit risk in connection with these and all our derivatives by entering into transactions with counterparties with investment grade credit ratings, limiting the amount of exposure with each counterparty and monitoring the financial condition of our counterparties.

Derivative Volume:

The net notional values of our derivative instruments as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were:


	Notional Amount
	June 30,		December 31,
	2014		2013
	(in millions)

Currency exchange contracts:
Intercompany loans and forecasted interest payments	$	6,037	$	4,369
Forecasted transactions		7,533		2,565
Commodity contracts		802		805
Interest rate contracts		4,041		2,273
Net investment hedge – euro notes		4,450		4,466
Net investment hedge – pound sterling notes		1,112		1,076

Cash Flow Hedges:

Cash flow hedge activity, net of taxes, within accumulated other comprehensive earnings / (losses) included:


	For the Three Months Ended					For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,					June 30,
	2014			2013		2014			2013
	(in millions)

Accumulated gain / (loss) at beginning of period	$	82		$	–	$	117		$	(38	)
Transfer of realized losses / (gains) in fair value to earnings		(2	)		15		(3	)		32
Unrealized gain / (loss) in fair value		(36	)		57		(70	)		78

Accumulated gain / (loss) at end of period	$	44		$	72	$	44		$	72

After-tax gains / (losses) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive earnings / (losses) into net earnings were:


	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2014			2013			2014			2013
	(in millions)

Currency exchange contracts – forecasted transactions	$	(2	)	$	(4	)	$	(4	)	$	(12	)
Commodity contracts		4			(10	)		9			(19	)
Interest rate contracts		–			(1	)		(2	)		(1	)

Total	$	2		$	(15	)	$	3		$	(32	)

After-tax gains / (losses) recognized in other comprehensive earnings / (losses) were:


	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2014			2013			2014			2013
	(in millions)

Currency exchange contracts – forecasted transactions	$	5		$	(2	)	$	7		$	4
Commodity contracts		(8	)		(4	)		3			(8	)
Interest rate contracts		(33	)		63			(80	)		82

Total	$	(36	)	$	57		$	(70	)	$	78

Cash flow hedge ineffectiveness and amounts excluded from effectiveness testing were not material for all periods presented.

We record pre-tax (i) gains or losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive earnings / (losses) into earnings, (ii) gains or losses on ineffectiveness, and (iii) gains or losses on amounts excluded from effectiveness testing in:

•

cost of sales for commodity contracts;

•

cost of sales for currency exchange contracts related to forecasted transactions; and

•

interest and other expense, net for interest rate contracts and currency exchange contracts related to intercompany loans.

Based on current market conditions, we would expect to transfer unrealized losses of $6 million (net of taxes) for commodity cash flow hedges, unrealized gains of $4 million (net of taxes) for currency cash flow hedges and unrealized losses of less than $1 million (net of taxes) for interest rate cash flow hedges to earnings during the next 12 months.

Hedge Coverage:

As of June 30, 2014, we hedged transactions forecasted to impact cash flows over the following periods:

•

commodity transactions for periods not exceeding the next 9 months;

•

interest rate transactions for periods not exceeding the next 31 years and 8 months; and

•

currency exchange transactions for periods not exceeding the next 18 months.

Fair Value Hedges:

Pre-tax gains / (losses) due to changes in fair value of our interest rate swaps and related hedged long-term debt were recorded in interest and other expense, net:


	For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30,
	2014			2013
	(in millions)

Derivatives	$	14		$	–
Borrowings		(14	)		–

Fair value hedge ineffectiveness and amounts excluded from effectiveness testing were not material for all periods presented.

Economic Hedges:

Pre-tax gains / (losses) recorded in net earnings for economic hedges which are not designated as hedging instruments were:


													Location of
	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended						Gain / (Loss)
	June 30,						June 30,						Recognized
	2014			2013			2014			2013			in Earnings
	(in millions)

Currency exchange contracts:
Intercompany loans and forecasted interest payments	$	3		$	(17	)	$	1		$	3		Interest expense
Forecasted purchases		(30	)		38			(40	)		26		Cost of sales
Forecasted transactions		(9	)		–			(14	)		–		Interest expense
Forecasted transactions		(2	)		4			(3	)		3		Selling, general and administrative expenses
Interest rate contracts		1			–			1			(2	)	Interest expense
Commodity contracts		32			17			70			34		Cost of sales

Total	$	(5	)	$	42		$	15		$	64

Hedges of Net Investments in International Operations: After-tax gains / (losses) related to hedges of net investments in international operations in the form of euro and pound sterling-denominated debt were:
	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended						Location of Gain / (Loss) Recognized in AOCI
	June 30,						June 30,
	2014			2013			2014			2013
	(in millions)

Euro notes	$	5		$	(10	)	$	–		$	10		Currency Translation
Pound sterling notes		(19	)		(1	)		(23	)		43		Adjustment