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Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Note 5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill by segment below reflects our current segment structure for both periods presented:
|  | As of March 31, |  |  | As of December 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
|  | (in millions) |
Latin America |  | $ | 947 |  |  | $ | 897 |
AMEA |  |  | 3,388 |  |  |  | 3,324 |
Europe |  |  | 7,289 |  |  |  | 7,170 |
North America |  |  | 8,891 |  |  |  | 8,885 |
Goodwill |  | $ | 20,515 |  |  | $ | 20,276 |
Intangible assets consisted of the following:
|  | As of March 31, |  |  | As of December 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
|  | (in millions) |
Non-amortizable intangible assets |  | $ | 17,229 |  |  | $ | 17,004 |
Amortizable intangible assets |  |  | 2,349 |  |  |  | 2,315 |
|  |  | 19,578 |  |  |  | 19,319 |
Accumulated amortization |  |  | (1,281 | ) |  |  | (1,218 | )
Intangible assets, net |  | $ | 18,297 |  |  | $ | 18,101 |
Non-amortizable intangible assets consist principally of brand names purchased through our acquisitions of Nabisco Holdings Corp., the Spanish and Portuguese operations of United Biscuits, the global LU biscuit business of Groupe Danone S.A. and Cadbury Limited. Amortizable intangible assets consist primarily of trademarks, customer-related intangibles, process technology, licenses and non-compete agreements. At March 31, 2017, the weighted-average life of our amortizable intangible assets was 13.5 years. Amortization expense for intangible assets was $44 million in the three months ended March 31, 2017 and in the three months ended March 31, 2016. We currently estimate annual amortization expense for each of the next five years to be approximately $155 million, estimated using March 31, 2017 exchange rates. Changes in goodwill and intangible assets consisted of:
|  |  |  |  | Intangible |
|  | Goodwill |  |  | Assets, at cost |
|  | (in millions) |
Balance at January 1, 2017 |  | $ | 20,276 |  |  | $ | 19,319 |
Currency |  |  | 239 |  |  |  | 259 |
Balance at March 31, 2017 |  | $ | 20,515 |  |  | $ | 19,578 |
During our 2016 annual testing of non-amortizable intangible assets, we recorded $98 million of impairment charges in the fourth quarter of 2016 related to five trademarks recorded across all regions. We also noted nine brands, including the five impaired trademarks, with $630 million of aggregate book value as of December 31, 2016 that each had a fair value in excess of book value of 10% or less. While the other four intangible assets passed our annual impairment testing and we believe our current plans for each of these brands will allow them to continue to not be impaired, if the product line expectations are not met or specific valuation factors outside of our control, such as discount rates, change significantly, then a brand or brands could become impaired in the future.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66006027&loc=d3e16373-109275 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66006027&loc=d3e16265-109275 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=66006027&loc=d3e16323-109275 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35741047&loc=d3e13816-109267 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=35741047&loc=d3e13854-109267 + Details
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