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Equity Method Investments
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Equity Method Investments
Note 7. Equity Method Investments

Our investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting totaled $7,040 million as of September 30, 2019 and $7,123 million as of December 31, 2018. Our largest investments are in Jacobs Douwe Egberts (“JDE”) and Keurig Dr Pepper Inc. (NYSE: "KDP”).

JDE:
As of September 30, 2019, we held a 26.5% voting interest, a 26.4% ownership interest and a 26.3% profit and dividend sharing interest in JDE. We recorded equity earnings of $49 million in the third quarter of 2019 and $38 million in the third quarter of 2018 and $152 million in the first nine months of 2019 and $126 million in the first nine months of 2018. We also recorded $73 million of cash dividends received during the first quarter of 2019 and $73 million of cash dividends received during the first quarter of 2018.

JDE / Keurig Exchange:
On March 7, 2016, we exchanged a portion of our 43.5% JDE equity interest for a new equity interest in Keurig Green Mountain, Inc. ("Keurig"). Following the transaction, our JDE equity interest became 26.5% and our new Keurig equity interest was 24.2%. During the first quarter of 2016, we recorded the difference between the $2.0 billion fair value of Keurig and our basis in the exchanged JDE shares as a gain of $43 million. In the second quarter of 2019, we determined an adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive losses related to our JDE investment was required, which reduced our previously reported gain by $29 million. We recorded the adjustment as a loss on equity method transactions in the second quarter.

Keurig Dr Pepper Transaction:
On July 9, 2018, Keurig closed on its definitive merger agreement with Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., and formed Keurig Dr Pepper Inc. (NYSE: "KDP"), a publicly traded company. Following the close of the transaction, our 24.2% investment in Keurig together with our shareholder loan receivable became a 13.8% investment in KDP. During the third quarter of 2018, we recorded a preliminary pre-tax gain of $757 million reported as a gain on equity method transaction and $184 million of deferred tax expense reported in the provision for income taxes (or $573 million after-tax gain) related to the change in our ownership interest while KDP finalized the valuation for the transaction. During our fourth quarter of 2018, KDP finalized its opening balance sheet and we increased our pre-tax gain by $21 million (or $13 million after-tax) to $778 million (or $586 million after-tax) while recording $8 million of deferred tax expense related to the increase for a total deferred tax expense of $192 million for 2018.

We hold two director positions on the KDP board as well as additional governance rights. As we continue to have significant influence, we continue to account for our investment in KDP under the equity method, resulting in recognizing our share of their earnings within our earnings and our share of their dividends within our cash flows.

In connection with this transaction, during the third quarter of 2018, we changed our accounting principle to reflect our share of Keurig's historical and KDP's ongoing earnings on a one-quarter lag basis while we continue to record dividends when cash is received. We determined a lag was preferable as it enables us to continue to report our quarterly and annual results on a timely basis and to record our share of KDP’s ongoing results once KDP has publicly reported its results. This change in accounting principle was applied retrospectively to all periods. While our operating income did not change, equity method investment net earnings, net earnings and earnings per share have been adjusted to reflect the lag across all reported periods.

As of September 30, 2019, we held a 13.6% ownership interest in KDP. Our ownership interest in KDP may change over time due to stock-based compensation arrangements and other transactions by KDP. During the first quarter of 2019, we recognized a $23 million pre-tax gain related to the impact of a KDP acquisition that decreased our ownership interest from 13.8% to 13.6%. As of September 30, 2019, based on KDP's closing stock price, the fair value of our ownership interest in KDP was $5.2 billion, which exceeded the carrying value of our KDP investment.

We recorded equity earnings and cash dividends of $44 million and $29 million in the third quarter of 2019 and equity earnings of $21 million in the third quarter of 2018. We recorded equity earnings and cash dividends of $116 million and $86 million in the first nine months of 2019 and equity earnings, shareholder loan interest and cash dividends of $191 million, $12 million and $5 million in the first nine months of 2018.