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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

| ☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020
OR

| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-16483
Mondelēz International, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Virginia | 52-2284372
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
905 West Fulton Market, Suite 200 |
Chicago, | Illinois | 60607
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) (847) 943-4000
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Tile of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, no par value |  | MDLZ |  | The Nasdaq Global Select Market
2.375% Notes due 2021 |  | MDLZ21 |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
1.000% Notes due 2022 |  | MDLZ22 |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
1.625% Notes due 2023 |  | MDLZ23 |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
1.625% Notes due 2027 |  | MDLZ27 |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
2.375% Notes due 2035 |  | MDLZ35 |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
4.500% Notes due 2035 |  | MDLZ35A |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
3.875% Notes due 2045 |  | MDLZ45 |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | x |  |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x
At July 24, 2020, there were 1,428,338,344 shares of the registrant’s Class A Common Stock outstanding.

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Mondelēz International, Inc.
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|  | Page No.
PART I - | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 | 5
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 32
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 63
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 64
PART II - | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 65
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 65
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 65
Item 6. | Exhibits | 66
Signature | 67

In this report, for all periods presented, “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company” and “Mondelēz International” refer to Mondelēz International, Inc. and subsidiaries. References to “Common Stock” refer to our Class A Common Stock.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Mondelēz International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings
(in millions of U.S. dollars, except per share data)
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net revenues | $ | 5,911 |  |  | $ | 6,062 |  |  | $ | 12,618 |  |  | $ | 12,600 |
Cost of sales | 3,580 |  |  | 3,593 |  |  | 7,836 |  |  | 7,538 |
Gross profit | 2,331 |  |  | 2,469 |  |  | 4,782 |  |  | 5,062 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,453 |  |  | 1,427 |  |  | 2,990 |  |  | 2,920 |
Asset impairment and exit costs | 115 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 35 |
Net gain on divestiture | — |  |  | (41 | ) |  | — |  |  | (41 | )
Amortization of intangibles | 50 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 87 |
Operating income | 713 |  |  | 1,025 |  |  | 1,569 |  |  | 2,061 |
Benefit plan non-service income | (31 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | (64 | ) |  | (29 | )
Interest and other expense, net | 85 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 181 |
Earnings before income taxes | 659 |  |  | 936 |  |  | 1,358 |  |  | 1,909 |
Provision for income taxes | (341 | ) |  | (216 | ) |  | (489 | ) |  | (405 | )
Gain/(loss) on equity method investment transactions | 121 |  |  | (25 | ) |  | 192 |  |  | (2 | )
Equity method investment net earnings | 106 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 275 |
Net earnings | 545 |  |  | 804 |  |  | 1,288 |  |  | 1,777 |
Noncontrolling interest earnings | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (7 | )
Net earnings attributable to Mondelēz International | $ | 544 |  |  | $ | 803 |  |  | $ | 1,280 |  |  | $ | 1,770 |
Per share data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share attributable to Mondelēz International | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.56 |  |  | $ | 0.89 |  |  | $ | 1.22 |
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Mondelēz International | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.89 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
1

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Mondelēz International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings
(in millions of U.S. dollars)
(Unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net earnings | $ | 545 |  |  | $ | 804 |  |  | $ | 1,288 |  |  | $ | 1,777 |
Other comprehensive earnings/(losses), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency translation adjustment | 81 |  |  | 30 |  |  | (1,290 | ) |  | 193 |
Pension and other benefit plans | 5 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 55 |
Derivative cash flow hedges | 1 |  |  | (62 | ) |  | 59 |  |  | (127 | )
Total other comprehensive earnings/(losses) | 87 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (1,166 | ) |  | 121 |
Comprehensive earnings/(losses) | 632 |  |  | 810 |  |  | 122 |  |  | 1,898 |
less: Comprehensive earnings/(losses) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 5 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |
Comprehensive earnings/(losses) attributable to Mondelēz International | $ | 627 |  |  | $ | 807 |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 1,890 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

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Mondelēz International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in millions of U.S. dollars, except share data)
(Unaudited)

| June 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,602 |  |  | $ | 1,291 |
Trade receivables (net of allowances of $40 at June 30, 2020 and $35 at December 31, 2019) | 1,979 |  |  | 2,212 |
Other receivables (net of allowances of $40 at June 30, 2020 and $44 at December 31, 2019) | 631 |  |  | 715 |
Inventories, net | 2,710 |  |  | 2,546 |
Other current assets | 1,073 |  |  | 866 |
Total current assets | 7,995 |  |  | 7,630 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 8,365 |  |  | 8,733 |
Operating lease right of use assets | 645 |  |  | 568 |
Goodwill | 20,997 |  |  | 20,848 |
Intangible assets, net | 17,877 |  |  | 17,957 |
Prepaid pension assets | 586 |  |  | 516 |
Deferred income taxes | 785 |  |  | 726 |
Equity method investments | 6,659 |  |  | 7,178 |
Other assets | 285 |  |  | 359 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 64,194 |  |  | $ | 64,515 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |
Short-term borrowings | $ | 2,755 |  |  | $ | 2,638 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 945 |  |  | 1,581 |
Accounts payable | 5,466 |  |  | 5,853 |
Accrued marketing | 1,804 |  |  | 1,836 |
Accrued employment costs | 639 |  |  | 769 |
Other current liabilities | 2,930 |  |  | 2,645 |
Total current liabilities | 14,539 |  |  | 15,322 |
Long-term debt | 16,004 |  |  | 14,207 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities | 479 |  |  | 403 |
Deferred income taxes | 3,383 |  |  | 3,338 |
Accrued pension costs | 1,108 |  |  | 1,190 |
Accrued postretirement health care costs | 371 |  |  | 387 |
Other liabilities | 2,213 |  |  | 2,351 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES | 38,097 |  |  | 37,198 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 12) |  |  |
EQUITY |  |  |
Common Stock, no par value (5,000,000,000 shares authorized and 1,996,537,778 shares issued at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019) | — |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital | 32,022 |  |  | 32,019 |
Retained earnings | 27,040 |  |  | 26,615 |
Accumulated other comprehensive losses | (11,419 | ) |  | (10,254 | )
Treasury stock, at cost (568,483,191 shares at June 30, 2020 and 561,531,524 shares at December 31, 2019) | (21,625 | ) |  | (21,139 | )
Total Mondelēz International Shareholders’ Equity | 26,018 |  |  | 27,241 |
Noncontrolling interest | 79 |  |  | 76 |
TOTAL EQUITY | 26,097 |  |  | 27,317 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | $ | 64,194 |  |  | $ | 64,515 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Mondelēz International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity
(in millions of U.S. dollars, except per share data)
(Unaudited)

| Mondelēz International Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Earnings/ (Losses) |  | Treasury Stock |  | Non-controlling Interest |  | Total Equity
Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances at April 1, 2020 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31,990 |  |  | $ | 26,906 |  |  | $ | (11,502 | ) |  | $ | (21,652 | ) |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 25,820 |
Comprehensive earnings/(losses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | 544 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 545 |
Other comprehensive earnings/(losses), net of income taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 87 |
Exercise of stock options and issuance of other stock awards | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |
Cash dividends declared ($0.285 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (409 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (409 | )
Dividends paid on noncontrolling interest and other activities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (2 | )
Balances at June 30, 2020 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,022 |  |  | $ | 27,040 |  |  | $ | (11,419 | ) |  | $ | (21,625 | ) |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 26,097 |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances at January 1, 2020 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,019 |  |  | $ | 26,615 |  |  | $ | (10,254 | ) |  | $ | (21,139 | ) |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 27,317 |
Comprehensive earnings/(losses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,280 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1,288 |
Other comprehensive earnings/(losses), net of income taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,165 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1,166 | )
Exercise of stock options and issuance of other stock awards | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | (41 | ) |  | — |  |  | 215 |  |  | — |  |  | 177 |
Common Stock repurchased | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (701 | ) |  | — |  |  | (701 | )
Cash dividends declared ($0.57 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (817 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (817 | )
Dividends paid on noncontrolling interest and other activities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (1 | )
Balances at June 30, 2020 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,022 |  |  | $ | 27,040 |  |  | $ | (11,419 | ) |  | $ | (21,625 | ) |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 26,097 |
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances at April 1, 2019 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31,933 |  |  | $ | 24,910 |  |  | $ | (10,528 | ) |  | $ | (20,561 | ) |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 25,835 |
Comprehensive earnings/(losses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | 803 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 804 |
Other comprehensive earnings/(losses), net of income taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 6 |
Exercise of stock options and issuance of other stock awards | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | (35 | ) |  | — |  |  | 153 |  |  | — |  |  | 155 |
Common Stock repurchased | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (276 | ) |  | — |  |  | (276 | )
Cash dividends declared ($0.26 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (378 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (378 | )
Dividends paid on noncontrolling interest and other activities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (3 | )
Balances at June 30, 2019 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31,970 |  |  | $ | 25,300 |  |  | $ | (10,524 | ) |  | $ | (20,684 | ) |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 26,143 |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances at January 1, 2019 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31,961 |  |  | $ | 24,394 |  |  | $ | (10,644 | ) |  | $ | (20,185 | ) |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 25,602 |
Comprehensive earnings/(losses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,770 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1,777 |
Other comprehensive earnings/(losses), net of income taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 120 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 121 |
Exercise of stock options and issuance of other stock awards | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | (111 | ) |  | — |  |  | 442 |  |  | — |  |  | 340 |
Common Stock repurchased | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (941 | ) |  | — |  |  | (941 | )
Cash dividends declared ($0.52 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (753 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (753 | )
Dividends paid on noncontrolling interest and other activities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (3 | )
Balances at June 30, 2019 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31,970 |  |  | $ | 25,300 |  |  | $ | (10,524 | ) |  | $ | (20,684 | ) |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 26,143 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Mondelēz International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in millions of U.S. dollars)
(Unaudited)

| For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
CASH PROVIDED BY/(USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net earnings | $ | 1,288 |  |  | $ | 1,777 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to operating cash flows: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 528 |  |  | 517 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 63 |  |  | 71 |
U.S. tax reform transition tax | — |  |  | 2 |
Deferred income tax (benefit)/provision | (110 | ) |  | 36 |
Asset impairments and accelerated depreciation | 99 |  |  | 4 |
Net gain on divestiture | — |  |  | (41 | )
(Gain)/loss on equity method investment transactions | (192 | ) |  | 2 |
Equity method investment net earnings | (227 | ) |  | (275 | )
Distributions from equity method investments | 193 |  |  | 188 |
Other non-cash items, net | 154 |  |  | (46 | )
Change in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures: |  |  |
Receivables, net | 328 |  |  | 135 |
Inventories, net | (233 | ) |  | (145 | )
Accounts payable | 75 |  |  | (430 | )
Other current assets | (62 | ) |  | (20 | )
Other current liabilities | (224 | ) |  | (638 | )
Change in pension and postretirement assets and liabilities, net | (122 | ) |  | (91 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,558 |  |  | 1,046 |
CASH PROVIDED BY/(USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (445 | ) |  | (465 | )
Acquisition, net of cash received | (1,141 | ) |  | — |
Proceeds from divestitures including equity method investments | 579 |  |  | 163 |
Other | (30 | ) |  | 35 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (1,037 | ) |  | (267 | )
CASH PROVIDED BY/(USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Issuances of commercial paper, maturities greater than 90 days | 677 |  |  | 809 |
Repayments of commercial paper, maturities greater than 90 days | (654 | ) |  | (2,169 | )
Net issuances of other short-term borrowings | 109 |  |  | 1,958 |
Long-term debt proceeds | 2,533 |  |  | 597 |
Long-term debt repaid | (1,430 | ) |  | (409 | )
Repurchase of Common Stock | (720 | ) |  | (940 | )
Dividends paid | (819 | ) |  | (756 | )
Other | 123 |  |  | 271 |
Net cash used in financing activities | (181 | ) |  | (639 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (37 | ) |  | 8 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: |  |  |
Increase | 303 |  |  | 148 |
Balance at beginning of period | 1,328 |  |  | 1,100 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 1,631 |  |  | $ | 1,248 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Mondelēz International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Basis of Presentation
Our interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been omitted. It is management’s opinion that these financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of future or annual results. For a complete set of consolidated financial statements and related notes, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Principles of Consolidation:
The condensed consolidated financial statements include Mondelēz International, Inc. as well as our wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries, except our Venezuelan subsidiaries that were deconsolidated in 2015. All intercompany transactions are eliminated. The noncontrolling interest represents the noncontrolling investors' interests in the results of subsidiaries that we control and consolidate. We account for investments over which we exercise significant influence under the equity method of accounting. Investments over which we do not have significant influence or control are not material and are carried at cost as there is no readily determinable fair value for the equity interests.
Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting:
We translate the results of operations of our subsidiaries from multiple currencies using average exchange rates during each period and translate balance sheet accounts using exchange rates at the end of each period. We record currency translation adjustments as a component of equity (except for highly inflationary currencies) and realized exchange gains and losses on transactions in earnings.
Highly inflationary accounting is triggered when a country’s three-year cumulative inflation rate exceeds 100%. It requires the remeasurement of financial statements of subsidiaries in the country from the functional currency of the subsidiary to our U.S. dollar reporting currency, with currency remeasurement gains or losses recorded in earnings. As discussed below, beginning on July 1, 2018, we began to apply highly inflationary accounting for our operations in Argentina.
Argentina. During the second quarter of 2018, primarily based on published estimates that indicated that Argentina's three-year cumulative inflation rate exceeded 100%, we concluded that Argentina became a highly inflationary economy for accounting purposes. As of July 1, 2018, we began to apply highly inflationary accounting for our Argentinian subsidiaries and changed their functional currency from the Argentinian peso to the U.S. dollar. On July 1, 2018, both monetary and non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in Argentinian pesos were remeasured into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate as of the balance sheet date, with remeasurement and other transaction gains and losses recorded in net earnings. As of June 30, 2020, our Argentinian operations had $3 million of Argentinian peso denominated net monetary assets. Our Argentinian operations contributed $76 million, or 1.3% of consolidated net revenues in the three months and $174 million, or 1.4% of consolidated net revenues in the six months ended June 30, 2020. Within selling, general and administrative expenses, we recorded a remeasurement loss of $3 million during the three months and $5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020 as well as a remeasurement gain of $1 million during the three months and a remeasurement loss of $1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 related to the revaluation of the Argentinian peso denominated net monetary position over these periods.
Brexit. In the six months ended June 30, 2020, we generated 8.8% of our consolidated net revenues in the United Kingdom. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom began the withdrawal process from the European Union under the European and U.K. Parliament approved Withdrawal Agreement. During a transition period scheduled to end on December 31, 2020, the United Kingdom will effectively remain in the E.U.’s customs union and single market while a trade deal with the European Union is negotiated. The deadline for extending the transition period was June 30, 2020 and the United Kingdom did not seek an extension. As a result, on December 31, 2020, the United Kingdom will either exit the European Union and begin a new trade relationship with the European Union or will exit without a trade deal. During the transition period, we continue to take protective measures in response to the potential impacts on our results of operations and financial condition. If the ultimate terms of the United Kingdom’s separation from the European Union negatively impact the U.K. economy or result in disruptions to sales or our supply chain,
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the impact to our results of operations and financial condition could be material. We are taking measures to increase our resources in customer service & logistics together with increasing our inventory levels of imported raw materials, packaging and finished goods in the United Kingdom to help us manage through the Brexit transition and the inherent risks.
Other Countries. Since we sell our products in over 150 countries and have operations in approximately 80 countries, we monitor economic and currency-related risks and seek to take protective measures in response to these exposures, including the impacts related to the global outbreak of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) in 2020. Most countries in which we do business have recently experienced periods of significant economic uncertainty as well as exchange rate volatility. We continue to monitor COVID-19 and other impacts to our business operations, currencies and net monetary exposures in the countries in which we operate. At this time, except for Argentina which is accounted for as a highly inflationary economy, we do not anticipate any other countries in which we operate to be at risk of becoming highly inflationary countries.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash:
Cash and cash equivalents include demand deposits with banks and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. We also have restricted cash that is recorded within other current assets and which was $29 million as of June 30, 2020 and $37 million as of December 31, 2019. Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash was $1,631 million as of June 30, 2020 and $1,328 million as of December 31, 2019.
Allowances for Credit Losses:
The allowances for credit losses are recorded against our receivables. They are developed at a country and region level based on historical collection experiences, current economic condition of specific customers and the forecasted economic condition of countries using various factors such as bond default rates and consumption indexes. We write off receivables once it is determined that the receivables are no longer collectible and as allowed by local laws.
Changes in allowances for credit losses consisted of:

| Allowance for Trade Receivables |  | Allowance for Other Current Receivables |  | Allowance for Long-Term Receivables
| (in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2020 | $ | (35 | ) |  | $ | (44 | ) |  | $ | (14 | )
Current period provision for expected credit losses | (7 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (2 | )
Write-offs charged against the allowance | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |
Currency | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Balance at June 30, 2020 | $ | (40 | ) |  | $ | (40 | ) |  | $ | (12 | )

Transfers of Financial Assets:
We account for transfers of financial assets, such as uncommitted revolving non-recourse accounts receivable factoring arrangements, when we have surrendered control over the related assets. Determining whether control has transferred requires an evaluation of relevant legal considerations, an assessment of the nature and extent of our continuing involvement with the assets transferred and any other relevant considerations. We use receivable factoring arrangements periodically when circumstances are favorable to manage liquidity. We have non-recourse factoring arrangements in which we sell eligible trade receivables primarily to banks in exchange for cash. We may then continue to collect the receivables sold, acting solely as a collecting agent on behalf of the banks. The outstanding principal amount of receivables under these arrangements amounted to $686 million as of June 30, 2020 and $760 million as of December 31, 2019. The incremental cost of factoring receivables under this arrangement was not material for all periods presented. The proceeds from the sales of receivables are included in cash from operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
Non-Cash Lease Transactions:
We recorded $122 million in operating lease and $68 million in finance lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and $78 million in operating lease and $17 million in finance lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations during the six months ended June 30, 2019.
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New Accounting Pronouncements:
In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") that removes certain exceptions in accounting for income taxes, improves consistency in application and clarifies existing guidance. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued an ASU that modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The ASU is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt this standard and reflect the changes to our 2020 annual disclosures. This ASU is not expected to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Reclassifications:
Certain amounts previously reported have been reclassified to conform to current-year presentation. During the second quarter of 2020, in connection with the JDE Peet's (as defined below) transaction (refer to Note 6, Equity Method Investments), we changed our accounting principle to reflect our share of Jacobs Douwe Egberts ("JDE") historical results and JDE Peet's ongoing results on a one-quarter lag basis while we continue to record dividends when cash is received. This change was applied retrospectively to all periods presented.
Note 2. Acquisitions and Divestitures
On April 1, 2020, we acquired a majority interest in Give & Go, a North American leader in fully-finished sweet baked goods and owner of the famous two-bite® brand of brownies and the Create-A-Treat® brand, known for cookie and gingerbread house decorating kits. The acquisition of Give & Go provides access to the in-store bakery channel and expands our position in broader snacking. The purchase consideration for Give & Go totaled $1,141 million, net of cash received. We are working to complete the valuation and have recorded a preliminary purchase price allocation of $511 million to definite-lived intangible assets, $42 million to indefinite-lived intangible assets, $530 million to goodwill, $136 million to property, plant and equipment, $71 million to operating lease right of use assets, $38 million to inventory, $29 million to accounts receivable, $3 million to other current assets, $41 million to current liabilities, $83 million to deferred tax liabilities, $66 million to long-term operating lease liabilities, $7 million to long-term debt and $19 million to long-term other liabilities. The acquisition added incremental net revenues of $91 million and an operating loss of $8 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. We incurred $10 million of acquisition-related costs during the three months and $15 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020.
On July 16, 2019, we acquired a majority interest in a U.S. refrigerated nutrition bar company, Perfect Snacks, within our North America segment for $284 million cash paid, net of cash received, and expanded our position in broader snacking. During the first quarter of 2020, we finalized the purchase price allocation of $31 million to definite-lived intangible assets, $107 million to indefinite-lived intangible assets, $150 million to goodwill, $1 million to property, plant and equipment, $12 million to inventory, $8 million to accounts receivable, $13 million to current liabilities, $3 million to deferred tax liabilities and $9 million to other liabilities. The acquisition added incremental net revenues of $23 million in the three months and $55 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020, and an immaterial amount of incremental operating income during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.
On May 28, 2019, we completed the sale of most of our cheese business in the Middle East and Africa to Arla Foods of Denmark. In 2019, we received cash proceeds of $161 million, $158 million of which was received in the second quarter of 2019, and divested $19 million of current assets and $96 million of non-current assets. During 2019, we recorded a net pre-tax gain of $44 million on the sale, $41 million of which was recorded in the second quarter of 2019. The divestiture resulted in a year-over-year decline in net revenues of $22 million during the three months and $55 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020, and a year-over-year decline in operating income of $5 million during the three months and $9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded a $2 million reversal of divestiture-related cost accruals no longer required. We incurred divestiture-related costs of $11 million in the three months and $10 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019.
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Note 3. Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following:

| As of June 30, 2020 |  | As of December 31, 2019
| (in millions)
Raw materials | $ | 798 |  |  | $ | 707 |
Finished product | 2,024 |  |  | 1,953 |
| 2,822 |  |  | 2,660 |
Inventory reserves | (112 | ) |  | (114 | )
Inventories, net | $ | 2,710 |  |  | $ | 2,546 |

Note 4. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

| As of June 30, 2020 |  | As of December 31, 2019
| (in millions)
Land and land improvements | $ | 412 |  |  | $ | 422 |
Buildings and building improvements | 3,070 |  |  | 3,140 |
Machinery and equipment | 11,119 |  |  | 11,295 |
Construction in progress | 573 |  |  | 680 |
| 15,174 |  |  | 15,537 |
Accumulated depreciation | (6,809 | ) |  | (6,804 | )
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 8,365 |  |  | $ | 8,733 |

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, capital expenditures of $445 million excluded $195 million of accrued capital expenditures remaining unpaid at June 30, 2020 and included payment for $334 million of capital expenditures that were accrued and unpaid at December 31, 2019. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, capital expenditures of $465 million excluded $217 million of accrued capital expenditures remaining unpaid at June 30, 2019 and included payment for $331 million of capital expenditures that were accrued and unpaid at December 31, 2018.
In connection with our restructuring program, we recorded non-cash property, plant and equipment write-downs (including accelerated depreciation and asset impairments) in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings within asset impairment and exit costs and within the segment results as follows (refer to Note 7, Restructuring Program).

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Latin America | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |
AMEA | 5 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | (2 | )
Europe | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
North America | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |
Non-cash property, plant and equipment write-downs | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 5 |

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Note 5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill by segment was:

| As of June 30, 2020 |  | As of December 31, 2019
| (in millions)
Latin America | $ | 653 |  |  | $ | 818 |
AMEA | 3,074 |  |  | 3,151 |
Europe | 7,416 |  |  | 7,523 |
North America | 9,854 |  |  | 9,356 |
Goodwill | $ | 20,997 |  |  | $ | 20,848 |

Intangible assets consisted of the following:

| As of June 30, 2020 |  | As of December 31, 2019
| (in millions)
Non-amortizable intangible assets | $ | 16,817 |  |  | $ | 17,296 |
Amortizable intangible assets | 2,790 |  |  | 2,374 |
| 19,607 |  |  | 19,670 |
Accumulated amortization | (1,730 | ) |  | (1,713 | )
Intangible assets, net | $ | 17,877 |  |  | $ | 17,957 |

Non-amortizable intangible assets consist principally of brand names purchased through our acquisitions of Nabisco Holdings Corp., the Spanish and Portuguese operations of United Biscuits, the global LU biscuit business of Groupe Danone S.A. and Cadbury Limited. Amortizable intangible assets consist primarily of brands, customer-related intangibles, process technology, licenses and non-compete agreements.
Amortization expense for intangible assets was $50 million for the three months and $93 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and $43 million for the three months and $87 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. For the next five years, we currently estimate annual amortization expense of approximately $190 million in 2020, approximately $120 million in 2021 and approximately $110 million in 2022-2024 (reflecting June 30, 2020 exchange rates).
Changes in goodwill and intangible assets consisted of:

| Goodwill |  | Intangible Assets, at cost
| (in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2020 | $ | 20,848 |  |  | $ | 19,670 |
Currency | (381 | ) |  | (526 | )
Acquisition | 530 |  |  | 553 |
Asset impairments | — |  |  | (90 | )
Balance at June 30, 2020 | $ | 20,997 |  |  | $ | 19,607 |

Changes to goodwill and intangibles were:

• | Acquisition – In connection with our acquisition of a majority interest in Give & Go during the second quarter of 2020, we recorded a preliminary purchase price allocation of $530 million to goodwill and $553 million to intangible assets. See Note 2, Acquisitions and Divestitures, for additional information.

• | Asset impairments – As further described below, during the second quarter of 2020, we recorded $90 million of intangible asset impairments resulting primarily from the impacts of COVID-19 that led to lower than expected growth for six brands across our segments.

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During the first six months of 2020, we evaluated our goodwill and intangible asset impairment risk using both qualitative and quantitative analysis and in light of the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic. We will continue to monitor the potential for asset impairment risk over coming quarters.

• | Goodwill – Based on the financial performance of our goodwill reporting units during the first half of 2020 and review of other significant fair value assumptions and qualitative factors, we concluded that no goodwill impairment indicators were present that would require additional goodwill impairment evaluation and that our goodwill as of June 30, 2020 is fairly stated.

• | Intangible Assets – In connection with the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic, during the second quarter of 2020, we identified a decline in demand for certain of our brands, primarily in the gum category, that prompted additional evaluation of our indefinite-life (non-amortizable) intangible assets. We estimated the fair value of the brands using several acceptable valuation methods, including relief of royalty, excess earnings and excess margin models. Those models required us to make assumptions related to the future sales and earnings growth rates for the brands, as well as royalty rates and discount rates. We made our best estimate of those assumptions using the information available; however, given the uncertainty of the global economic environment and the impact of COVID-19, those estimates could be significantly different than future performance. In certain instances, the estimated fair value of the brand was below the carrying value, which resulted in four gum brands, a small biscuit brand and a small candy brand being impaired as a result of lower than originally expected sales growth. We recorded $90 million of impairment charges: $50 million in Europe, $36 million in North America and $4 million in AMEA. The impairment charges were calculated as the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value of the intangible assets on a global basis and were recorded within asset impairment and exit costs.

During our 2019 annual testing of non-amortizable intangible assets, we recorded $57 million of impairment charges in the third quarter of 2019 related to nine gum, chocolate, biscuits and candy brands: $39 million in Europe, $15 million in AMEA and $3 million in Latin America.
Following our 2019 and 2020 impairment testing to date, we identified eight brands with fair value in excess of book value of 10% or less that totaled $576 million of aggregate book value as of June 30, 2020. We continue to monitor our brand performance, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and related impacts to our business. While we did not identify impairment triggers for our other brands, there is significant uncertainty due to the pandemic. If the brand earnings expectations are not met or specific valuation factors outside of our control, such as discount rates, change significantly, then a brand or brands could become impaired in the future.
Note 6. Equity Method Investments
Equity method investments consist of our investments in entities in which we maintain an equity ownership interest and apply the equity method of accounting due to our ability to exert significant influence over decisions relating to their operating and financial affairs. Revenue and expenses of our equity method investees are not consolidated into our financial statements; rather, our proportionate share of the earnings of each investee is reflected as equity method investment net earnings. The carrying values of our equity method investments are also impacted by our proportionate share of items impacting the investee's accumulated other comprehensive income or losses and other items, such as our share of investee dividends.
Our equity method investments include, but are not limited to, our ownership interests in JDE Peet's (Euronext Amsterdam: "JDEP"), Keurig Dr Pepper Inc. (NYSE: "KDP"), Dong Suh Foods Corporation and Dong Suh Oil & Fats Co. Ltd. As of June 30, 2020, we owned 22.9%, 13.1%, 50.0% and 49.0%, respectively, of these companies' outstanding shares.
Our investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting totaled $6,659 million as of June 30, 2020 and $7,178 million as of December 31, 2019. We recorded equity earnings and cash dividends of $106 million and $28 million in the second quarter of 2020 and equity earnings and cash dividends of $109 million and $28 million in the second quarter of 2019. We recorded equity earnings and cash dividends of $227 million and $193 million in the first six months of 2020 and equity earnings and cash dividends of $275 million and $188 million in the first six months of 2019.
Based on the quoted closing price as of June 30, 2020, the fair value of our publicly-traded investments in KDP and JDEP was $9.9 billion, and for each investment, its fair value exceeded its carrying value.
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JDE / Keurig Exchange:
On March 7, 2016, we exchanged a portion of our 43.5% JDE equity interest for a new equity interest in Keurig Green Mountain, Inc. ("Keurig"). Following the transaction, our JDE equity interest became 26.5% and our new Keurig equity interest was 24.2%. During the first quarter of 2016, we recorded the difference between the $2.0 billion fair value of Keurig and our basis in the exchanged JDE shares as a gain of $43 million. In the second quarter of 2019, we determined an adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive losses related to our JDE investment was required, which reduced our previously reported gain by $29 million. We recorded the adjustment in the net loss on equity method transactions in the second quarter of 2019.
Keurig Dr Pepper Transactions:
On July 9, 2018, Keurig closed on its definitive merger agreement with Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., and formed KDP, a publicly traded company. Following the close of the transaction, our 24.2% investment in Keurig together with our shareholder loan receivable became a 13.8% investment in KDP. During 2018, we recorded a net pre-tax gain of $778 million (or $586 million after-tax). We hold two director positions on the KDP board as well as additional governance rights. As we continue to have significant influence, we continue to account for our investment in KDP under the equity method, resulting in recognizing our share of their earnings within our earnings and our share of their dividends within our cash flows.
In connection with this transaction, we changed our accounting principle during the third quarter of 2018 to reflect our share of Keurig's historical and KDP's ongoing earnings on a one-quarter lag basis while we continue to record dividends when cash is received. We determined a lag was preferable as it enables us to continue to report our quarterly and annual results on a timely basis and to record our share of KDP’s ongoing results once KDP has publicly reported its results. The change was retrospectively applied to all prior periods presented.
During the first quarter of 2019, we recognized a pre-tax gain of $23 million (or $18 million after-tax) related to the impact of a KDP acquisition that decreased our ownership interest from 13.8% to 13.6%.
On March 4, 2020, we participated in a secondary offering of KDP shares and sold approximately 6.8 million shares, which reduced our ownership interest by 0.5% to 13.1% of the total outstanding shares. We received $185 million of proceeds and recorded a pre-tax gain of $71 million (or $54 million after-tax) during the first quarter of 2020. We continue to retain significant influence.
JDE Peet’s Transaction:
On May 19, 2020, JDE Peet’s B.V. (renamed JDE Peet’s N.V. immediately prior to Settlement (as defined below), “JDE Peet’s”) announced its intention to launch an offering of its ordinary shares (the “offering”) and to apply for admission to listing and trading of all of its ordinary shares on Euronext Amsterdam, a regulated market operated by Euronext Amsterdam N.V. (the “admission”). On May 26, 2020, JDE Peet’s published a prospectus in connection with the offering and the admission. On May 29, 2020, JDE Peet’s announced the final pricing terms of the offering, and JDE Peet’s and the selling shareholders, including us, agreed to sell at a price of €31.50 per ordinary share a total of approximately 82.1 million ordinary shares, including ordinary shares subject to an over-allotment option. The ordinary shares were listed and first traded on May 29, 2020, and payment for, and delivery of, the ordinary shares sold in the offering (excluding ordinary shares subject to the over-allotment option) took place on June 2, 2020 (“Settlement”).
Prior to Settlement, we exchanged our 26.4% ownership interest in JDE for a 26.5% equity interest in JDE Peet’s. We did not invest new capital in connection with the transaction and the exchange was accounted for as a change in interest transaction. Upon Settlement, we sold approximately 9.7 million of our ordinary shares in JDE Peet’s in the offering for gross proceeds of €304 million ($343 million). We subsequently sold approximately 1.4 million additional shares and received gross proceeds of €46 million ($51 million) upon exercise of the over-allotment option. Following Settlement and the exercise of the over-allotment option, we hold a 22.9% equity interest in JDE Peet’s. As a result of the Settlement and the subsequent sale of shares, we recorded a preliminary gain of $121 million, net of $33 million released from accumulated other comprehensive losses, and $48 million of transaction costs.
As was the case in our ownership interest in JDE, we have significant influence with respect to JDE Peet’s, and we will continue to account for our investment in JDE Peet’s under the equity method, resulting in recognizing our share of JDE Peet’s earnings within our earnings and our share of JDE Peet’s dividends within our cash flows. In connection with this transaction, we changed our accounting principle to reflect our share of JDE’s historical and JDE Peet’s ongoing earnings on a one-quarter lag basis, although we continue to record dividends when cash is
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received. We determined a lag was preferable as it enables us to continue to report our quarterly and annual results on a timely basis, while recording our share of JDE Peet’s ongoing results after JDE Peet’s has publicly reported its results. This change in accounting principle was applied retrospectively to all periods.
The following tables show the primary line items on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings and comprehensive earnings and the condensed consolidated balance sheet that changed as a result of the lag. The condensed consolidated statements of cash flow and equity were also updated to reflect these changes.

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
| As Reported |  | As Recast |  | As Reported |  | As Recast
| (in millions, except per share data)
Statements of Earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity method investment net earnings | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 275 |
Net earnings | 808 |  |  | 804 |  |  | 1,728 |  |  | 1,777 |
Net earnings attributable to Mondelēz International | 807 |  |  | 803 |  |  | 1,721 |  |  | 1,770 |
Earnings per share attributable to Mondelēz International: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic EPS | $ | 0.56 |  |  | $ | 0.56 |  |  | $ | 1.19 |  |  | $ | 1.22 |
Diluted EPS | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 1.18 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |
Statements of Other Comprehensive Earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency translation adjustment | $ | (33 | ) |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 193 |
Pension and other benefit plans | 54 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 55 |
Derivative cash flow hedges | (62 | ) |  | (62 | ) |  | (131 | ) |  | (127 | )
Total other comprehensive earnings/(losses) | (41 | ) |  | 6 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 121 |
Comprehensive earnings/(losses) attributable to Mondelēz International | 764 |  |  | 807 |  |  | 1,810 |  |  | 1,890 |

|  | As of December 31, 2019
|  | As Reported |  | As Adjusted
|  | (in millions)
Balance Sheet |  |  |  |
Equity method investments |  | $ | 7,212 |  |  | $ | 7,178 |
Total Assets |  | 64,549 |  |  | 64,515 |
Retained earnings |  | 26,653 |  |  | 26,615 |
Accumulated other comprehensive losses |  | (10,258 | ) |  | (10,254 | )
Total Mondelēz International shareholders' equity |  | 27,275 |  |  | 27,241 |
Total equity |  | 27,351 |  |  | 27,317 |

Note 7. Restructuring Program
On May 6, 2014, our Board of Directors approved a $3.5 billion 2014-2018 restructuring program and up to $2.2 billion of capital expenditures. On August 31, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a $600 million reallocation between restructuring program cash costs and capital expenditures so the $5.7 billion program consisted of approximately $4.1 billion of restructuring program charges ($3.1 billion cash costs and $1.0 billion non-cash costs) and up to $1.6 billion of capital expenditures. On September 6, 2018, our Board of Directors approved an extension of the restructuring program through 2022, an increase of $1.3 billion in the program charges and an increase of $700 million in capital expenditures. The total $7.7 billion program now consists of $5.4 billion of program charges ($4.1 billion of cash costs and $1.3 billion of non-cash costs) and total capital expenditures of $2.3 billion to be incurred over the life of the program. The current restructuring program, as increased and extended by these actions, is now called the Simplify to Grow Program.
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The primary objective of the Simplify to Grow Program is to reduce our operating cost structure in both our supply chain and overhead costs. The program covers severance as well as asset disposals and other manufacturing and procurement-related one-time costs. Since inception, we have incurred total restructuring and implementation charges of $4.5 billion related to the Simplify to Grow Program. We expect to incur the program charges by year-end 2022.
Restructuring Costs:
The Simplify to Grow Program liability activity for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was:

| Severance and related costs |  | Asset Write-downs |  | Total
| (in millions)
Liability balance, January 1, 2020 | $ | 301 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 301 |
Charges | 35 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 43 |
Cash spent | (69 | ) |  | — |  |  | (69 | )
Non-cash settlements/adjustments | (6 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (14 | )
Currency | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (9 | )
Liability balance, June 30, 2020 | $ | 252 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 252 |

• | We recorded restructuring charges of $28 million in the second quarter of 2020 and $20 million in the second quarter of 2019 and $43 million in the first six months of 2020 and $40 million in the first six months of 2019 within asset impairment and exit costs and benefit plan non-service income.

• | We spent $32 million in the second quarter of 2020 and $36 million in the second quarter of 2019 and $69 million in the first six months of 2020 and $89 million in the first six months of 2019 in cash severance and related costs.

• | We also recognized non-cash pension settlement losses (refer to Note 10, Benefit Plans), non-cash asset write-downs (including accelerated depreciation and asset impairments) and other non-cash adjustments totaling $11 million in the second quarter of 2020 and $6 million in the second quarter of 2019 and $14 million in the first six months of 2020 and $35 million in the first six months of 2019.

• | At June 30, 2020, $220 million of our net restructuring liability was recorded within other current liabilities and $32 million was recorded within other long-term liabilities.

Implementation Costs:
Implementation costs are directly attributable to restructuring activities; however, they do not qualify for special accounting treatment as exit or disposal activities. We believe the disclosure of implementation costs provides readers of our financial statements with more information on the total costs of our Simplify to Grow Program. Implementation costs primarily relate to reorganizing our operations and facilities in connection with our supply chain reinvention program and other identified productivity and cost saving initiatives. The costs include incremental expenses related to the closure of facilities, costs to terminate certain contracts and the simplification of our information systems. Within our continuing results of operations, we recorded implementation costs of $52 million in the second quarter of 2020 and $68 million in the second quarter of 2019 and $95 million in the first six months of 2020 and $118 million in the first six months of 2019. We recorded these costs within cost of sales and general corporate expense within selling, general and administrative expenses.
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Restructuring and Implementation Costs:
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, and since inception of the Simplify to Grow Program, we recorded the following restructuring and implementation costs within segment operating income and earnings before income taxes:

| Latin America |  | AMEA |  | Europe |  | North America |  | Corporate |  | Total
| (in millions)
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring Costs | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 28 |
Implementation Costs | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 52 |
Total | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 80 |
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring Costs | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 20 |
Implementation Costs | 13 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 68 |
Total | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 88 |
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring Costs | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 43 |
Implementation Costs | 8 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 95 |
Total | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 138 |
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring Costs | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 40 |
Implementation Costs | 28 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 118 |
Total | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 158 |
Total Project (Inception to Date) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring Costs | $ | 535 |  |  | $ | 539 |  |  | $ | 1,088 |  |  | $ | 469 |  |  | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | 2,769 |
Implementation Costs | 277 |  |  | 212 |  |  | 473 |  |  | 405 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 1,709 |
Total | $ | 812 |  |  | $ | 751 |  |  | $ | 1,561 |  |  | $ | 874 |  |  | $ | 480 |  |  | $ | 4,478 |

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Note 8. Debt and Borrowing Arrangements
Short-Term Borrowings:
Our short-term borrowings and related weighted-average interest rates consisted of:

| As of June 30, 2020 |  | As of December 31, 2019
| Amount Outstanding |  | Weighted- Average Rate |  | Amount Outstanding |  | Weighted- Average Rate
| (in millions, except percentages)
Commercial paper | $ | 2,682 |  |  | 0.6 | % |  | $ | 2,581 |  |  | 2.0 | %
Bank loans | 73 |  |  | 5.8 | % |  | 57 |  |  | 5.2 | %
Total short-term borrowings | $ | 2,755 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,638 |  |  |

As of June 30, 2020, commercial paper issued and outstanding had between 1 and 154 days remaining to maturity. Commercial paper borrowings since year end increased to finance the payment of long-term debt maturities, share repurchases and dividend payments offset in part by proceeds from issuances of long-term debt and operating cash flows.
Some of our international subsidiaries maintain primarily uncommitted credit lines to meet short-term working capital needs. Collectively, these credit lines amounted to $1.5 billion at June 30, 2020 and $1.7 billion at December 31, 2019. Borrowings on these lines were $73 million at June 30, 2020 and $57 million at December 31, 2019.
On March 24, 2020, we entered into a $1.75 billion revolving credit agreement for a 364-day senior unsecured credit facility that expires on March 23, 2021. On April 1, 2020, we increased the credit facility from $1.75 billion to $1.95 billion. The agreement includes the same terms and conditions as our existing $4.5 billion multi-year credit facility discussed below with the exception that proceeds from a long-term debt issuance would be used to reduce the credit facility. As of June 30, 2020, no amounts were drawn on the facility. On July 2, 2020 we issued $1.0 billion of long-term debt and reduced the size of the credit facility to $0.95 billion.
On March 6, 2020, we entered into a $2.5 billion credit agreement for a 364-day unsecured credit facility that expires on March 5, 2021. The agreement includes the same terms and conditions as our existing $4.5 billion multi-year credit facility discussed below with the exception that proceeds from a long-term debt issuance would be used to reduce the credit facility. On May 6, 2020, we terminated this facility after issuing long-term debt and repaying previous drawdowns.
On February 26, 2020, we entered into a $1.5 billion revolving credit agreement for a 364-day senior unsecured credit facility that expires on February 24, 2021. The agreement replaces our previous credit agreement that was scheduled to expire on February 26, 2020 and includes the same terms and conditions as our existing $4.5 billion multi-year credit facility discussed below. As of June 30, 2020, no amounts were drawn on the facility.
We also maintain a $4.5 billion multi-year senior unsecured revolving credit facility for general corporate purposes, including working capital needs, and to support our commercial paper program. The credit facility is scheduled to expire on February 27, 2024. The revolving credit agreement includes a covenant that we maintain a minimum shareholders' equity of at least $24.6 billion, excluding accumulated other comprehensive earnings/(losses), the cumulative effects of any changes in accounting principles and earnings/(losses) recognized in connection with the ongoing application of any mark-to-market accounting for pensions and other retirement plans. At June 30, 2020, we complied with this covenant as our shareholders' equity, as defined by the covenant, was $37.4 billion. The revolving credit facility also contains customary representations, covenants and events of default. There are no credit rating triggers, provisions or other financial covenants that could require us to post collateral as security. As of June 30, 2020, no amounts were drawn on the facility.
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Long-Term Debt:
On July 2, 2020, we issued $1.0 billion of 0.625% U.S. dollar-denominated notes that mature on July 1, 2022. We received proceeds of $998.1 million, net of discounts and associated financing costs. The proceeds were used to repay outstanding commercial paper borrowings and for general corporate purposes. We recorded approximately $1.9 million of discounts and deferred financing costs that will be amortized evenly into interest expense over the life of the notes.
On May 7, 2020, $750 million of our 3.000% U.S. dollar-denominated notes matured. The notes and accrued interest to date were paid with the issuance of commercial paper and cash on hand.
On May 4, 2020, we issued an $750 million of 1.500% U.S. dollar-denominated notes that mature on May 4, 2025. We received proceeds of $743.9 million, net of discounts and associated financing costs. The proceeds were used to repay amounts outstanding under our revolving credit agreement and commercial paper borrowings and used for general corporate purposes. We recorded approximately $6.1 million of discounts and deferred financing costs that will be amortized evenly into interest expense over the life of the notes.
On April 13, 2020, we issued $500 million of 2.750% U.S. dollar-denominated notes that mature on April 13, 2030. On May 4, 2020, we issued an additional $750 million of notes bringing the aggregate principal issued and due on April 13, 2030 to $1.25 billion. We received proceeds of $1,283.9 million, net of premium and associated financing costs. The proceeds were used to repay amounts outstanding under our revolving credit agreement and commercial paper borrowings and for general corporate purposes. We recorded approximately $33.9 million of premium and deferred financing costs that will be amortized evenly into interest expense over the life of the notes.
On April 13, 2020, we issued $500 million of 2.125% U.S. dollar-denominated notes that mature on April 13, 2023. We received proceeds of $497.8 million, net of discounts and associated financing costs. The proceeds were used to repay amounts outstanding under our revolving credit agreement. We recorded approximately $2.2 million of discounts and deferred financing costs that will be amortized evenly into interest expense over the life of the notes.
On March 30, 2020, fr 225 million (or $235 million) of our 0.05% Swiss franc notes matured. The notes and accrued interest to date were paid from the amounts drawn on our 364-day revolving credit facility, commercial paper and cash on hand.
On February 10, 2020, $427 million of our 5.375% U.S. dollar notes matured. The bonds and accrued interest to date were paid with the issuance of commercial paper and cash on hand.
Fair Value of Our Debt:
The fair value of our short-term borrowings at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 reflects current market interest rates and approximates the amounts we have recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of our long-term debt was determined using quoted prices in active markets (Level 1 valuation data) for the publicly traded debt obligations. At June 30, 2020, the aggregate fair value of our total debt was $21,055 million and its carrying value was $19,704 million. At December 31, 2019, the aggregate fair value of our total debt was $19,388 million and its carrying value was $18,426 million.
Interest and Other Expense, net:
Interest and other expense, net consisted of:

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Interest expense, debt | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | 250 |
Loss related to interest rate swaps | — |  |  | — |  |  | 103 |  |  | — |
Other (income)/expense, net | (23 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | (46 | ) |  | (69 | )
Interest and other expense, net | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 275 |  |  | $ | 181 |

Other income includes amounts excluded from hedge effectiveness related to our net investment hedge derivative contracts and totaled $31 million and $64 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and $34 million and $67 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.
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Note 9. Financial Instruments
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments:
Derivative instruments were recorded at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as follows:

| As of June 30, 2020 |  | As of December 31, 2019
| Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives |  | Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
| (in millions)
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 190 |
Net investment hedge derivative contracts (1) | 519 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 312 |  |  | 65 |
| $ | 553 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 331 |  |  | $ | 255 |
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency exchange contracts | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 50 |
Commodity contracts | 113 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 120 |
| $ | 200 |  |  | $ | 330 |  |  | $ | 268 |  |  | $ | 170 |
Total fair value | $ | 753 |  |  | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | 599 |  |  | $ | 425 |

(1) | Net investment hedge derivative contracts consist of cross-currency interest rate swaps and forward contracts. We also designate some of our non-U.S. dollar denominated debt to hedge a portion of our net investments in our non-U.S. operations. This debt is not reflected in the table above, but is included in long-term debt discussed in Note 8, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements. Both net investment hedge derivative contracts and non-U.S. dollar denominated debt acting as net investment hedges are also disclosed in the Derivative Volume table and the Hedges of Net Investments in International Operations section appearing later in this footnote.

Derivatives designated as accounting hedges include cash flow and net investment hedge derivative contracts. Our currency exchange and commodity derivative contracts are economic hedges that are not designated as accounting hedges. We record derivative assets and liabilities on a gross basis on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of our asset derivatives is recorded within other current assets and the fair value of our liability derivatives is recorded within other current liabilities.
The fair values (asset/(liability)) of our derivative instruments were determined using:

| As of June 30, 2020
| Total Fair Value of Net Asset/(Liability) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
| (in millions)
Currency exchange contracts | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |
Commodity contracts | (131 | ) |  | (16 | ) |  | (115 | ) |  | — |
Interest rate contracts | (26 | ) |  | — |  |  | (26 | ) |  | — |
Net investment hedge contracts | 515 |  |  | — |  |  | 515 |  |  | — |
Total derivatives | $ | 359 |  |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | 375 |  |  | $ | — |

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| As of December 31, 2019
| Total Fair Value of Net Asset/(Liability) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
| (in millions)
Currency exchange contracts | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | — |
Commodity contracts | 81 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 54 |  |  | — |
Interest rate contracts | (171 | ) |  | — |  |  | (171 | ) |  | — |
Net investment hedge contracts | 247 |  |  | — |  |  | 247 |  |  | — |
Total derivatives | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 147 |  |  | $ | — |

Level 1 financial assets and liabilities consist of exchange-traded commodity futures and listed options. The fair value of these instruments is determined based on quoted market prices on commodity exchanges.
Level 2 financial assets and liabilities consist primarily of over-the-counter (“OTC”) currency exchange forwards, options and swaps; commodity forwards and options; and interest rate swaps. Our currency exchange contracts are valued using an income approach based on observable market forward rates less the contract rate multiplied by the notional amount. Commodity derivatives are valued using an income approach based on the observable market commodity index prices less the contract rate multiplied by the notional amount or based on pricing models that rely on market observable inputs such as commodity prices. Our calculation of the fair value of interest rate swaps is derived from a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the contract and the observable market interest rate curve. Our calculation of the fair value of financial instruments takes into consideration the risk of nonperformance, including counterparty credit risk. Our OTC derivative transactions are governed by International Swap Dealers Association agreements and other standard industry contracts. Under these agreements, we do not post nor require collateral from our counterparties. The majority of our derivative contracts do not have a legal right of set-off. We manage the credit risk in connection with these and all our derivatives by entering into transactions with counterparties with investment grade credit ratings, limiting the amount of exposure with each counterparty and monitoring the financial condition of our counterparties.
Derivative Volume:
The notional values of our hedging instruments were:

| Notional Amount
| As of June 30, 2020 |  | As of December 31, 2019
| (in millions)
Currency exchange contracts: |  |  |
Intercompany loans and forecasted interest payments | $ | 2,195 |  |  | $ | 2,474 |
Forecasted transactions | 4,217 |  |  | 3,993 |
Commodity contracts | 7,967 |  |  | 7,238 |
Interest rate contracts | 4,250 |  |  | 5,250 |
Net investment hedges: |  |  |
Net investment hedge derivative contracts | 6,909 |  |  | 6,864 |
Non-U.S. dollar debt designated as net investment hedges |  |  |
Euro notes | 3,723 |  |  | 3,436 |
British pound sterling notes | 326 |  |  | 349 |
Swiss franc notes | 1,240 |  |  | 1,448 |
Canadian dollar notes | 442 |  |  | 462 |

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Cash Flow Hedges:
Cash flow hedge activity, net of taxes, within accumulated other comprehensive earnings/(losses) included:

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Accumulated (loss)/gain at beginning of period | $ | (155 | ) |  | $ | (233 | ) |  | $ | (213 | ) |  | $ | (168 | )
Transfer of realized losses/(gains) in fair value to earnings | 7 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 12 |
Unrealized (loss)/gain in fair value | (6 | ) |  | (74 | ) |  | (29 | ) |  | (139 | )
Accumulated (loss)/gain at end of period | $ | (154 | ) |  | $ | (295 | ) |  | $ | (154 | ) |  | $ | (295 | )

After-tax gains/(losses) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive earnings/(losses) into net earnings were:

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Interest rate contracts | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | (88 | ) |  | $ | (12 | )

Within interest and other expense, net, during the six months ended June 30, 2020, we recognized an after-tax loss of $79 million ($103 million pre-tax) in the first quarter of 2020 related to certain forward-starting interest rate swaps for which the planned tenor of the related forecasted debt was changed.
After-tax gains/(losses) recognized in other comprehensive earnings/(losses) were:

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Currency exchange contracts – forecasted transactions | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 3 |
Interest rate contracts | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (77 | ) |  | (28 | ) |  | (142 | )
Total | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (74 | ) |  | $ | (29 | ) |  | $ | (139 | )

Cash flow hedge ineffectiveness was not material for all periods presented.
We record pre-tax (i) gains or losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive earnings/(losses) into earnings, (ii) gains or losses on ineffectiveness and (iii) gains or losses on amounts excluded from effectiveness testing in interest and other expense, net for interest rate contracts.
Based on current market conditions, we would expect to transfer losses of $19 million (net of taxes) for interest rate cash flow hedges to earnings during the next 12 months.
Cash Flow Hedge Coverage:
As of June 30, 2020, our longest dated cash flow hedges were interest rate swaps that hedge forecasted interest rate payments over the next 4 years and 3 months.
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Hedges of Net Investments in International Operations:
Net investment hedge ("NIH") derivative contracts:
We enter into cross-currency interest rate swaps and forwards to hedge certain investments in our non-U.S. operations against movements in exchange rates. The aggregate notional value as of June 30, 2020 was $6.9 billion. The impacts of the net investment hedge derivative contracts on other comprehensive earnings and net earnings were as follows:

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
After-tax gain/(loss) on NIH contracts(1) | $ | (115 | ) |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 217 |  |  | $ | 67 |

(1) | Amounts recorded for unsettled and settled NIH derivative contracts are recorded in the cumulative translation adjustment within other comprehensive earnings. The cash flows from the settled contracts are reported within other investing activities in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness(1) | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 67 |

(1) | We elected to record changes in the fair value of amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness in net earnings within interest and other expense, net.

Non-U.S. dollar debt designated as net investment hedges:
After-tax gains/(losses) related to hedges of net investments in international operations in the form of euro, British pound sterling, Swiss franc and Canadian dollar-denominated debt were recorded within the cumulative translation adjustment section of other comprehensive income and were:

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Euro notes | $ | (55 | ) |  | $ | (36 | ) |  | $ | (13 | ) |  | $ | 22 |
British pound sterling notes | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 1 |
Swiss franc notes | (14 | ) |  | (21 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | (8 | )
Canadian notes | (12 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | 15 |  |  | (14 | )

Economic Hedges:
Pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded in net earnings for economic hedges were:

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Location of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Earnings
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |
| (in millions) |  |
Currency exchange contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intercompany loans and forecasted interest payments | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | (50 | ) |  | $ | (80 | ) |  | $ | 11 |  |  | Interest and other expense, net
Forecasted transactions | (4 | ) |  | (25 | ) |  | 22 |  |  | (20 | ) |  | Cost of sales
Forecasted transactions | (10 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | Interest and other expense, net
Forecasted transactions | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | Selling, general and administrative expenses
Commodity contracts | 14 |  |  | 52 |  |  | (183 | ) |  | 66 |  |  | Cost of sales
Total | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | (29 | ) |  | $ | (251 | ) |  | $ | 51 |  |  |

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Note 10. Benefit Plans
Pension Plans
Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost:
Net periodic pension cost consisted of the following:

| U.S. Plans |  | Non-U.S. Plans
| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Three Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Service cost | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 30 |
Interest cost | 13 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 51 |
Expected return on plan assets | (20 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | (96 | ) |  | (101 | )
Amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss from experience differences | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 37 |
Prior service cost/(benefit) | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | )
Settlement losses and other expenses (1) | 8 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Net periodic pension cost | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | 19 |
| U.S. Plans |  | Non-U.S. Plans
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Service cost | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 61 |
Interest cost | 26 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 102 |
Expected return on plan assets | (39 | ) |  | (44 | ) |  | (195 | ) |  | (204 | )
Amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss from experience differences | 8 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 75 |
Prior service cost/(credit) | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (3 | )
Settlement losses and other expenses (1) | 12 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |
Net periodic pension cost | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | 34 |

(1) | In connection with our Simplify to Grow Program, settlement losses and other expenses were $4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and $5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. These losses were recorded within benefit plan non-service income on our condensed consolidated statements of earnings.

Employer Contributions:
During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we contributed $11 million to our U.S. pension plans and $104 million to our non-U.S. pension plans, including $50 million to plans in the United Kingdom and Ireland. We make contributions to our pension plans in accordance with local funding arrangements and statutory minimum funding requirements. Discretionary contributions are made to the extent that they are tax deductible and do not generate an excise tax liability.
As of June 30, 2020, over the remainder of 2020, we plan to make further contributions of approximately $5 million to our U.S. plans and approximately $86 million to our non-U.S. plans. Our actual contributions may be different due to many factors, including changes in tax and other benefit laws, significant differences between expected and actual pension asset performance or interest rates.
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Multiemployer Pension Plans:
On July 11, 2019, we received an undiscounted withdrawal liability assessment related to our complete withdrawal from the Bakery and Confectionery Union and Industry International Pension Fund totaling $526 million requiring pro-rata monthly payments over 20 years. We began making monthly payments during the third quarter of 2019. Within selling, general and administrative expenses, we recorded a $35 million ($26 million net of tax) adjustment in the three months ended June 30, 2019 related to the discounted withdrawal liability. We recorded accreted interest of $3 million and $6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and an immaterial amount for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 on the long-term liability within interest and other expense, net. As of June 30, 2020, the remaining discounted withdrawal liability was $383 million, with $14 million recorded in other current liabilities and $369 million recorded in long-term other liabilities.
Postretirement Benefit Plans
Net periodic postretirement health care benefit consisted of the following:

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Service cost | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Interest cost | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 7 |
Amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss from experience differences | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |
Prior service credit | (7 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (19 | )
Net periodic postretirement health care benefit | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | (6 | )

Postemployment Benefit Plans
Net periodic postemployment cost consisted of the following:

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Service cost | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Interest cost | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Amortization of net gains | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (1 | )
Net periodic postemployment cost | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 4 |

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Note 11. Stock Plans
Stock Options:
Stock option activity is reflected below:

| Shares Subject to Option |  | Weighted- Average Exercise or Grant Price Per Share |  | Average Remaining Contractual Term |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balance at January 1, 2020 | 33,855,948 |  |  | $36.19 |  | 5 years |  | $ | 640 | million
Annual grant to eligible employees | 2,280,440 |  |  | 59.04 |  |  |  |
Additional options issued | 130,280 |  |  | 49.14 |  |  |  |
Total options granted | 2,410,720 |  |  | 58.51 |  |  |  |
Options exercised (1) | (4,929,885 | ) |  | 29.38 |  |  |  | $ | 133 | million
Options canceled | (387,998 | ) |  | 42.55 |  |  |  |
Balance at June 30, 2020 | 30,948,785 |  |  | 38.93 |  | 6 years |  | $ | 396 | million

(1) | Cash received from options exercised was $23 million in the three months and $142 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020. The actual tax benefit realized and recorded in the provision for income taxes for the tax deductions from the option exercises totaled $1 million in the three months and $18 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Performance Share Units and Other Stock-Based Awards:
Our performance share unit, deferred stock unit and historically granted restricted stock activity is reflected below:

| Number of Shares |  | Grant Date |  | Weighted-Average Fair Value Per Share (3) |  | Weighted-Average Aggregate Fair Value (3)
Balance at January 1, 2020 | 5,661,945 |  |  |  |  | $46.90 |  |
Annual grant to eligible employees: |  |  | Feb. 20, 2020 |  |  |  |
Performance share units | 825,230 |  |  |  |  | 65.83 |  |
Deferred stock units | 545,550 |  |  |  |  | 59.04 |  |
Additional shares granted (1) | 354,041 |  |  | Various |  | 57.13 |  |
Total shares granted | 1,724,821 |  |  |  |  | 61.90 |  | $ | 107 | million
Vested (2) | (1,689,895 | ) |  |  |  | 43.02 |  | $ | 73 | million
Forfeited | (319,574 | ) |  |  |  | 45.85 |  |
Balance at June 30, 2020 | 5,377,297 |  |  |  |  | 52.99 |  |

(1) | Includes performance share units and deferred stock units.

(2) | The actual tax benefit/(expense) realized and recorded in the provision for income taxes for the tax deductions from the shares vested totaled less than $1 million in the three months and $3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020.

(3) | The grant date fair value of performance share units is determined based on the Monte Carlo simulation model for the market-based total shareholder return component and the closing market price of the Company’s stock on the grant date for performance-based components. The Monte Carlo simulation model incorporates the probability of achieving the total shareholder return market condition. Compensation expense is recognized using the grant date fair values regardless of whether the market condition is achieved, so long as the requisite service has been provided.

Share Repurchase Program:
Between 2013 and 2017, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of a total of $13.7 billion of our Common Stock through December 31, 2018. On January 31, 2018, our Finance Committee, with authorization delegated from our Board of Directors, approved an increase of $6.0 billion in the share repurchase program, raising the authorization to $19.7 billion of Common Stock repurchases, and extended the program through December 31, 2020. Repurchases under the program are determined by management and are wholly discretionary. Prior to January 1, 2020, we had repurchased $16.5 billion of Common Stock pursuant to this authorization. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we repurchased approximately 12.9 million shares of Common Stock at an average cost of $54.25 per share, or an aggregate cost of approximately $0.7 billion, all of which was paid during the period. All share repurchases were funded through available cash and commercial paper issuances. As of June 30, 2020, we have $2.5 billion in remaining share repurchase capacity.
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Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings:
We routinely are involved in legal proceedings, claims, disputes, regulatory matters and governmental inspections or investigations arising in the ordinary course of or incidental to our business, including those noted below in this section. We record provisions in the consolidated financial statements for pending litigation when we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. For matters we have not provided for that are reasonably possible to result in an unfavorable outcome, management is unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss or such amounts have been determined to be immaterial. At present we believe that the ultimate outcome of these proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, will not materially harm our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, legal proceedings and government investigations are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings or other events could occur. Unfavorable resolutions could involve substantial monetary damages. In addition, in matters for which conduct remedies are sought, unfavorable resolutions could include an injunction or other order prohibiting us from selling one or more products at all or in particular ways, precluding particular business practices or requiring other remedies. An unfavorable outcome might result in a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations or financial position.
On April 1, 2015, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") filed a complaint against Kraft Foods Group and Mondelēz Global LLC (“Mondelēz Global”) in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (the "District Court"), Eastern Division (the “CFTC action”) following its investigation of activities related to the trading of December 2011 wheat futures contracts that occurred prior to the spin-off of Kraft Foods Group. The complaint alleges that Kraft Foods Group and Mondelēz Global (1) manipulated or attempted to manipulate the wheat markets during the fall of 2011; (2) violated position limit levels for wheat futures and (3) engaged in non-competitive trades by trading both sides of exchange-for-physical Chicago Board of Trade wheat contracts. The CFTC seeks civil monetary penalties of either triple the monetary gain for each violation of the Commodity Exchange Act (the “Act”) or $1 million for each violation of Section 6(c)(1), 6(c)(3) or 9(a)(2) of the Act and $140,000 for each additional violation of the Act, plus post-judgment interest; an order of permanent injunction prohibiting Kraft Foods Group and Mondelēz Global from violating specified provisions of the Act; disgorgement of profits; and costs and fees. On August 15, 2019, the District Court approved a settlement agreement between the CFTC and Mondelēz Global. The terms of the settlement, which are available in the District Court’s docket, had an immaterial impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. On October 23, 2019, following a ruling by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit regarding Mondelēz Global's allegations that the CFTC and its Commissioners violated certain terms of the settlement agreement and the CFTC's argument that the Commissioners were not bound by the terms of the settlement agreement, the District Court vacated the settlement agreement and reinstated all pending motions that the District Court had previously mooted as a result of the settlement. The parties have reached a new agreement in principle to resolve the CFTC action and have submitted the settlement to the District Court for approval. The District Court cancelled a scheduled conference on June 4, 2020 to discuss the proposed settlement agreement but indicated that it would rule on pending motions in due course. Additionally, several class action complaints were filed against Kraft Foods Group and Mondelēz Global in the District Court by investors in wheat futures and options on behalf of themselves and others similarly situated. The complaints make similar allegations as those made in the CFTC action, and the plaintiffs are seeking class action certification; monetary damages, interest and unjust enrichment; costs and fees; and injunctive, declaratory and other unspecified relief. In June 2015, these suits were consolidated in the District Court. On January 3, 2020, the District Court granted plantiffs' request to certify a class. It is not possible to predict the outcome of these matters; however, based on our Separation and Distribution Agreement with Kraft Foods Group dated as of September 27, 2012, we expect to bear any monetary penalties or other payments in connection with the CFTC action. Although the CFTC action and the class action complaints involve the same alleged conduct, a resolution or decision with respect to one of the matters may not be dispositive as to the outcome of the other matter.
In November 2019, the European Commission informed us that it has initiated an investigation into our alleged infringement of European Union competition law through certain practices restricting cross-border trade within the European Economic Area. We are cooperating with the investigation and expect to engage further with the European Commission as their investigation proceeds. It is not possible to predict how long the investigation will take or the ultimate outcome of this matter.
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Third-Party Guarantees:
We enter into third-party guarantees primarily to cover long-term obligations of our vendors. As part of these transactions, we guarantee that third parties will make contractual payments or achieve performance measures. At June 30, 2020, we had no material third-party guarantees recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Tax Matters:
We are a party to various tax matter proceedings incidental to our business. These proceedings are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable outcomes could subject us to additional tax liabilities and could materially adversely impact our business, results of operations or financial position.
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Note 13. Reclassifications from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following table summarizes the changes in the accumulated balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive earnings/(losses) attributable to Mondelēz International. Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive earnings/(losses) to net earnings (net of tax) were net losses of $62 million in the second quarter of 2020 and $59 million in the second quarter of 2019 and $166 million in the first six months of 2020 and $88 million in the first six months of 2019.

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Currency Translation Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | (9,686 | ) |  | $ | (8,458 | ) |  | $ | (8,320 | ) |  | $ | (8,622 | )
Currency translation adjustments | 26 |  |  | 31 |  |  | (1,255 | ) |  | 172 |
Reclassification to earnings related to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity method investment transactions (1) | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |
Tax (expense)/benefit | 26 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (64 | ) |  | 21 |
Other comprehensive earnings/(losses) | 81 |  |  | 30 |  |  | (1,290 | ) |  | 193 |
Less: other comprehensive (earnings)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (4 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | )
Balance at end of period | (9,609 | ) |  | (8,430 | ) |  | (9,609 | ) |  | (8,430 | )
Pension and Other Benefit Plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | (1,661 | ) |  | $ | (1,837 | ) |  | $ | (1,721 | ) |  | $ | (1,854 | )
Net actuarial gain/(loss) arising during period | (2 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | (24 | ) |  | (32 | )
Tax (expense)/benefit on net actuarial gain/(loss) | (1 | ) |  | 6 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 7 |
Losses/(gains) reclassified into net earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of experience losses and prior service costs (2) | 24 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 66 |
Settlement losses and other expenses (1) | 9 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 28 |
Tax expense/(benefit) on reclassifications (3) | (7 | ) |  | (11 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (18 | )
Currency impact | (18 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 4 |
Other comprehensive earnings/(losses) | 5 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 55 |
Balance at end of period | (1,656 | ) |  | (1,799 | ) |  | (1,656 | ) |  | (1,799 | )
Derivative Cash Flow Hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | (155 | ) |  | $ | (233 | ) |  | $ | (213 | ) |  | $ | (168 | )
Net derivative gains/(losses) | (16 | ) |  | (84 | ) |  | (56 | ) |  | (158 | )
Tax (expense)/benefit on net derivative gain/(loss) | 11 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 18 |
Losses/(gains) reclassified into net earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts (1) (4) | 8 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 12 |
Tax expense/(benefit) on reclassifications (3) | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (25 | ) |  | — |
Currency impact | (1 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Other comprehensive earnings/(losses) | 1 |  |  | (62 | ) |  | 59 |  |  | (127 | )
Balance at end of period | (154 | ) |  | (295 | ) |  | (154 | ) |  | (295 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to Mondelēz International: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | (11,502 | ) |  | $ | (10,528 | ) |  | $ | (10,254 | ) |  | $ | (10,644 | )
Total other comprehensive earnings/(losses) | 87 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (1,166 | ) |  | 121 |
Less: other comprehensive (earnings)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (4 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | )
Other comprehensive earnings/(losses) attributable to Mondelēz International | 83 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (1,165 | ) |  | 120 |
Balance at end of period | $ | (11,419 | ) |  | $ | (10,524 | ) |  | $ | (11,419 | ) |  | $ | (10,524 | )

(1) | These amounts include equity method investment transactions recorded within gain/(loss) on equity method investment transactions.

(2) | These reclassified losses are included in net periodic benefit costs disclosed in Note 10, Benefit Plans.

(3) | Taxes reclassified to earnings are recorded within the provision for income taxes.

(4) | These reclassified gains or losses are recorded within interest and other expense, net.

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Note 14. Income Taxes
As of the second quarter of 2020, our estimated annual effective tax rate, which excludes discrete tax impacts, was 27.5%. This rate reflected the impact of unfavorable foreign provisions under U.S. tax laws and our tax related to earnings from equity method investments (the earnings are reported separately on our statement of earnings and thus not included in earnings before income taxes), partially offset by favorable impacts from the mix of pre-tax income in various non-U.S. jurisdictions. Our 2020 second quarter effective tax rate of 51.7% was unusually high due to a $261 million tax expense incurred in connection with the JDE Peet's transaction (the related gains are reported separately in our statement of earnings and thus not included in earnings before income taxes). Excluding this impact, our second quarter effective tax rate was 12.1% reflecting a discrete net tax benefit of $72 million. The discrete net tax benefit primarily consisted of a $70 million net benefit from the release of a valuation allowance in China as we now expect to utilize prior-year carryforward tax benefits to offset future taxable income. Our effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2020 of 36.0% was also unusually high due to the $261 million net tax expense incurred in connection with the JDE Peet's transaction. Excluding this impact, our effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was 16.8%, which was favorably impacted by discrete net tax benefits of $100 million, primarily driven by the $70 million net benefit from the release of the China valuation allowance and a $24 million net benefit from the release of liabilities for uncertain tax positions due to expirations of statutes of limitations and audit settlements in several jurisdictions.
As of the second quarter of 2019, our estimated annual effective tax rate, which excluded discrete tax impacts, was 25.5%. This rate reflected the impact of unfavorable foreign provisions under U.S. tax laws and our tax related to earnings from equity method investments (the earnings are reported separately on our statement of earnings and thus not included in earnings before income taxes), partially offset by favorable impacts from the mix of pre-tax income in various non-U.S. jurisdictions. Our 2019 second quarter effective tax rate of 23.1% was impacted by a discrete net tax benefit of $8 million. The discrete net tax benefit primarily consisted of a $24 million net benefit from the release of uncertain tax positions due to the expirations of statutes of limitations and audit settlements in several jurisdictions, partially offset by $15 million expense from U.S. state legislative changes. Our effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2019 of 21.2% was favorably impacted by discrete net tax benefits of $71 million, primarily driven by $84 million of benefit from the release of liabilities for uncertain tax positions due to expirations of statutes of limitations and audit settlements in various jurisdictions.
Note 15. Earnings per Share
Basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) were calculated as follows:

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions, except per share data)
Net earnings | $ | 545 |  |  | $ | 804 |  |  | $ | 1,288 |  |  | $ | 1,777 |
Noncontrolling interest earnings | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (7 | )
Net earnings attributable to Mondelēz International | $ | 544 |  |  | $ | 803 |  |  | $ | 1,280 |  |  | $ | 1,770 |
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS | 1,431 |  |  | 1,445 |  |  | 1,432 |  |  | 1,447 |
Plus incremental shares from assumed conversions of stock options and long-term incentive plan shares | 8 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 13 |
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS | 1,439 |  |  | 1,458 |  |  | 1,442 |  |  | 1,460 |
Basic earnings per share attributable to Mondelēz International | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.56 |  |  | $ | 0.89 |  |  | $ | 1.22 |
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Mondelēz International | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.89 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |

We exclude antidilutive Mondelēz International stock options from our calculation of weighted-average shares for diluted EPS. We excluded antidilutive stock options and performance share units of 5.6 million in the second quarter of 2020 and 4.2 million in the second quarter of 2019 and 4.8 million in the first six months of 2020 and 7.3 million in the first six months of 2019.
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Note 16. Segment Reporting
We manufacture and market primarily snack food products, including biscuits (cookies, crackers and salted snacks), chocolate, gum & candy and various cheese & grocery products, as well as powdered beverage products.
We manage our global business and report operating results through geographic units. We manage our operations by region to leverage regional operating scale, manage different and changing business environments more effectively and pursue growth opportunities as they arise across our key markets. Our regional management teams have responsibility for the business, product categories and financial results in the regions.
Our operations and management structure are organized into four operating segments:
• Latin America
• AMEA
• Europe
• North America
We use segment operating income to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources. We believe it is appropriate to disclose this measure to help investors analyze segment performance and trends. Segment operating income excludes unrealized gains and losses on hedging activities (which are a component of cost of sales), general corporate expenses (which are a component of selling, general and administrative expenses), amortization of intangibles, gains and losses on divestitures and acquisition-related costs (which are a component of selling, general and administrative expenses) in all periods presented. We exclude these items from segment operating income in order to provide better transparency of our segment operating results. Furthermore, we centrally manage benefit plan non-service income and interest and other expense, net. Accordingly, we do not present these items by segment because they are excluded from the segment profitability measure that management reviews.
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Our segment net revenues and earnings were:

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Net revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Latin America | $ | 511 |  |  | $ | 737 |  |  | $ | 1,237 |  |  | $ | 1,537 |
AMEA | 1,237 |  |  | 1,352 |  |  | 2,739 |  |  | 2,893 |
Europe | 2,138 |  |  | 2,247 |  |  | 4,722 |  |  | 4,798 |
North America | 2,025 |  |  | 1,726 |  |  | 3,920 |  |  | 3,372 |
Net revenues | $ | 5,911 |  |  | $ | 6,062 |  |  | $ | 12,618 |  |  | $ | 12,600 |
Earnings before income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Latin America | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 166 |
AMEA | 171 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 405 |  |  | 447 |
Europe | 297 |  |  | 408 |  |  | 769 |  |  | 908 |
North America | 424 |  |  | 407 |  |  | 805 |  |  | 726 |
Unrealized (losses)/gains on hedging activities (mark-to-market impacts) | (2 | ) |  | 33 |  |  | (187 | ) |  | 49 |
General corporate expenses | (111 | ) |  | (79 | ) |  | (187 | ) |  | (188 | )
Amortization of intangibles | (50 | ) |  | (43 | ) |  | (93 | ) |  | (87 | )
Net gain on divestiture | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |
Acquisition-related costs | (10 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (1 | )
Operating income | 713 |  |  | 1,025 |  |  | 1,569 |  |  | 2,061 |
Benefit plan non-service income | 31 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 29 |
Interest and other expense, net | (85 | ) |  | (101 | ) |  | (275 | ) |  | (181 | )
Earnings before income taxes | $ | 659 |  |  | $ | 936 |  |  | $ | 1,358 |  |  | $ | 1,909 |

Items impacting our segment operating results are discussed in Note 1, Basis of Presentation, Note 2, Acquisitions and Divestitures, Note 4, Property, Plant and Equipment, Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, and Note 7, Restructuring Program. Also see Note 8, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements, and Note 9, Financial Instruments, for more information on our interest and other expense, net for each period.
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Net revenues by product category were:

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
| Latin America |  | AMEA |  | Europe |  | North America |  | Total
| (in millions)
Biscuits | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | 458 |  |  | $ | 694 |  |  | $ | 1,804 |  |  | $ | 3,110 |
Chocolate | 119 |  |  | 361 |  |  | 1,001 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 1,520 |
Gum & Candy | 65 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 535 |
Beverages | 90 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 267 |
Cheese & Grocery | 83 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 288 |  |  | — |  |  | 479 |
Total net revenues | $ | 511 |  |  | $ | 1,237 |  |  | $ | 2,138 |  |  | $ | 2,025 |  |  | $ | 5,911 |
| For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
| Latin America |  | AMEA |  | Europe |  | North America |  | Total
| (in millions)
Biscuits | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | 405 |  |  | $ | 767 |  |  | $ | 1,451 |  |  | $ | 2,809 |
Chocolate | 157 |  |  | 438 |  |  | 1,006 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 1,643 |
Gum & Candy | 209 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 233 |  |  | 847 |
Beverages | 108 |  |  | 169 |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 297 |
Cheese & Grocery | 77 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 273 |  |  | — |  |  | 466 |
Total net revenues | $ | 737 |  |  | $ | 1,352 |  |  | $ | 2,247 |  |  | $ | 1,726 |  |  | $ | 6,062 |
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
| Latin America |  | AMEA |  | Europe |  | North America |  | Total
| (in millions)
Biscuits | $ | 328 |  |  | $ | 966 |  |  | $ | 1,440 |  |  | $ | 3,402 |  |  | $ | 6,136 |
Chocolate | 313 |  |  | 904 |  |  | 2,364 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 3,676 |
Gum & Candy | 247 |  |  | 338 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 423 |  |  | 1,316 |
Beverages | 192 |  |  | 328 |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | 565 |
Cheese & Grocery | 157 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 565 |  |  | — |  |  | 925 |
Total net revenues | $ | 1,237 |  |  | $ | 2,739 |  |  | $ | 4,722 |  |  | $ | 3,920 |  |  | $ | 12,618 |
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
| Latin America |  | AMEA |  | Europe |  | North America |  | Total
| (in millions)
Biscuits | $ | 356 |  |  | $ | 866 |  |  | $ | 1,501 |  |  | $ | 2,823 |  |  | $ | 5,546 |
Chocolate | 387 |  |  | 995 |  |  | 2,366 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 3,849 |
Gum & Candy | 409 |  |  | 449 |  |  | 354 |  |  | 448 |  |  | 1,660 |
Beverages | 231 |  |  | 341 |  |  | 46 |  |  | — |  |  | 618 |
Cheese & Grocery | 154 |  |  | 242 |  |  | 531 |  |  | — |  |  | 927 |
Total net revenues | $ | 1,537 |  |  | $ | 2,893 |  |  | $ | 4,798 |  |  | $ | 3,372 |  |  | $ | 12,600 |

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Description of the Company
We make and sell primarily snacks, including biscuits (cookies, crackers and salted snacks), chocolate, gum & candy as well as various cheese & grocery and powdered beverage products. We have operations in approximately 80 countries and sell our products in over 150 countries.
We aim to be the global leader in snacking. Our strategy is to drive long-term growth by focusing on three strategic priorities: accelerating consumer-centric growth, driving operational excellence and creating a winning growth culture. We believe the successful implementation of our strategic priorities and our leveraging our strong foundation of iconic global and local brands, an attractive global footprint, our market leadership in developed and emerging markets, our deep innovation, marketing and distribution capabilities, and our efficiency and sustainability efforts, will drive top- and bottom-line growth, enabling us to continue to create long-term value for our shareholders.
Recent Developments and Significant Items Affecting Comparability
COVID-19
We have been actively monitoring the outbreak of COVID-19 and its impact globally. Our highest priorities continue to be the safety of our employees and working with our employees and network of suppliers and customers to help maintain the global food supply chain.
During the first quarter of 2020, we experienced a significant increase in demand and revenue growth in developed markets as consumers increased their food purchases for in-home consumption. Results were particularly strong in modern trade (such as large grocery supermarkets and retail chains) and e-commerce, especially for some categories like biscuits. Other parts of our business were negatively affected by mandated lockdowns and other related restrictions including some of our emerging markets with a greater concentration of traditional trade (such as small family-run stores) as well as our world travel retail (such as international duty-free stores) and foodservice businesses. During the second quarter, we continued to see elevated demand in modern trade, particularly the biscuits category in the North America region due to higher at-home consumption. Lockdowns and other related restrictions continued to have a negative impact on emerging markets with a greater concentration of traditional trade due to store closures (particularly in our Latin America region as well as parts of our AMEA region) as well as in categories like gum and candy, which are more traditionally purchased and consumed out of home. A sharp reduction in global travel continued to negatively impact our world travel retail business, and lower out-of-home consumption continued to negatively impact our foodservice business. We also experienced temporary disruptions in operations in some of our emerging markets that were not material to our consolidated results for the first half of 2020. We discuss these and other impacts of COVID-19 below.
Our Employees, Customers and Communities
We have taken a number of actions to promote the health and safety of our employees, customers and consumers, which is our first priority:

• | We implemented enhanced protocols to provide a safe and sanitary working environment for our employees. In many locations, our employees are working remotely whenever possible. For employees who are unable to work remotely, we have adopted a number of heightened protocols, consistent with those prescribed by the World Health Organization, related to social distancing (including staggering lunchtimes and shifts where possible and restricting in-person gatherings and non-essential travel) and enhanced hygiene and workplace sanitation. At a local level, we have also provided additional flexibility and support to employees in our manufacturing facilities, distribution and logistics operations and sales organization.

• | We have been hiring frontline employees in the U.S. and other locations to meet additional marketplace demand and promote uninterrupted functioning of our manufacturing, distribution and sales network.

• | We increased our $15 million global commitment to assist those most impacted by COVID-19 to over $25 million to date. We have been supporting local and global organizations that are responding to food instability and providing emergency relief.

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Our Supply Chain and Operations
We operate in the food and beverages industry and are part of the global food supply chain. One of our main objectives during the pandemic is to maintain the availability of our products to meet the needs of our consumers. In response to increased demand, we have increased production and, to date, we have not experienced material disruptions in our supply chain or operations:

• | We were able to leverage learnings from our timely response to the initial outbreak in China, and we put in place procedures across our supply chain to help mitigate the risk that our manufacturing sites will experience material closures or disruptions.

• | We have been able to continue to source raw ingredients, packaging, energy and transportation and deliver our products to our customers.

• | We have not experienced material disruptions in our workforce; however, mandatory and voluntary stay-at-home restrictions have resulted in increased levels of absenteeism.

• | Commodity costs have become more volatile due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Although we monitor our exposure to commodity prices and hedge against input price increases, we cannot fully hedge against changes in commodity costs, and our hedging strategies may not protect us from increases in specific raw material costs. We anticipate continued commodity cost volatility as the pandemic continues.

• | We have experienced temporary disruptions in operations in some of our emerging markets. The disruptions were not material to our consolidated results for the first half of 2020. In the future, the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak could disrupt our global supply chain, operations and routes to market or those of our suppliers, their suppliers, or our co-manufacturers or distributors. These disruptions or our failure to effectively respond to them could increase product or distribution costs, prices and potentially affect the availability of our products.

• | Our first half of 2020 net revenue and net earnings in U.S. dollars were negatively affected by currency translation losses from a generally stronger U.S. dollar relative to other currencies in the countries in which we operate.

• | We incurred higher operating costs in the second quarter of 2020 primarily for labor, customer service and logistics, security, personal protective equipment and cleaning. Most other aspects of our global supply chain and operations did not change materially during the first half of 2020. We do not know whether or how our supply chain or operations may be negatively affected if the pandemic persists for an extended period or worsens. As we respond to this evolving situation, we intend to continue to execute on our strategic operating plans. However, disruptions, higher operating costs or uncertainties like those noted above could result in delays or modifications to our plans and initiatives.

Our Liquidity
We believe the steps we have taken to enhance our capital structure and liquidity over the last several years and months have strengthened our ability to operate through current conditions:

• | During 2019, we generated $4.0 billion of cash from operations, or $3.0 billion after deducting capital expenditures.

• | During the first half of 2020, we generated $1,558 million of cash from operations, or $1,113 million after capital expenditures and as of June 30, 2020, we had $1.6 billion of cash and cash equivalents on hand. Due to the significant uncertainty in the global markets resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak, we have increased our available borrowing capacity under our credit facilities to $6.95 billion as of the date of this filing, and we issued both short-term and long-term debt, in part to fund the second quarter 2020 acquisition of Give & Go and refinance expected debt maturities. We also received cash of €350 million ($394 million) from our participation in the JDE Peet's initial and secondary public offerings and $185 million from our participation in the KDP secondary offering (see additional information below and in Note 6, Equity Method Investments). As a cautionary measure, in March, we suspended our share repurchase program. In connection with various legislatively authorized tax payment deferral mechanisms available for income tax, indirect tax (such as value-added tax) and payroll tax in a number of jurisdictions, we were able to defer certain of these tax payments, which provided a cash benefit that will reverse when the cash tax payments become due. The benefits associated with the deferral of these tax payments are not material to our financial statements. We continue to have our undrawn credit facilities and other forms of short-term and long-term financing options available (refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources section).

• | Based on our current access to cash and financing, we do not anticipate any issue in funding our next long-term debt maturities of approximately $140 million in October 2020 and approximately $760 million in January 2021.

• | While the commercial paper market experienced a significantly increased level of volatility in March, it has stabilized significantly since the beginning of April and in recent months, we have been able to raise short-term financing from these markets with favorable terms. We have also been able to draw on our available

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credit facilities and access funds through existing lines of credit and intercompany loans. We have issued and may issue additional long-term debt this year. We have been, and we expect to continue to be, in compliance with our debt covenants.

• | In the event of a broader global economic or credit crisis, credit availability and our ability to raise capital when needed could become impaired. A disruption in the financial markets may also have a negative effect on our derivative counterparties and could impair our banking or other business partners, on whom we rely for access to capital and as counterparties for a number of our derivative contracts. Any of these or other developments we may not be able to fully predict or respond to could materially harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our Financial Position

• | We evaluated the realizability of our assets and whether there are any impairment indicators. We reviewed our receivables, inventory, right-of-use lease assets, long-lived assets, equity method and other long-term investments, deferred tax assets, goodwill and intangible assets.

• | I n connection with the ongoing pandemic, during the second quarter of 2020, we identified a decline in demand for certain of our brands, primarily in the gum category, that prompted additional evaluation of our indefinite-life intangible assets. We concluded that six brands were impaired and we recorded $90 million of impairment charges. While we did not identify impairment triggers for our other brands, there is significant uncertainty due to the current pandemic. If brand earnings expectations are not met or specific valuation factors outside of our control, such as discount rates, change significantly, then a brand or brands could become impaired in the future. Refer to Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for additional details on our intangible asset impairment evaluation.

• | Restructuring and implementation activities were in line with our Simplify to Grow Program strategic objectives.

• | Our equity investments in JDE Peet's and KDP give us additional financial flexibility.

• | We will continue to monitor the quality of our assets and our overall financial position over coming quarters.

• | We continue to maintain oversight over our core process controls through our centralized shared service model, and our key controls are operating as designed.

The business and economic environment continues to be volatile and additional impacts may arise that we cannot currently anticipate, particularly as infection rates are still rising. While there is still significant uncertainty about the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on the global economy and on our business, barring material business disruptions or other negative developments, we expect to continue to meet the demand of consumers for our snacks, food and beverage products. However, the elevated consumer demand we experienced primarily in some of our developed market countries in the first half of 2020 may not continue. We are unable to predict how long this sustained demand will last or how significant it will be. We expect the COVID-19 outbreak to result in lower revenues primarily in some of our emerging market countries that have a higher concentration of traditional trade outlets (such as small family-run stores), our gum and candy categories (which are more instant consumption in nature), as well as our world travel retail (such as international duty-free stores) and foodservice businesses. As we continue to proactively manage our business in response to the evolving impacts of the pandemic, we continue to communicate with and support our employees and customers; monitor and take steps to further safeguard our supply chain, operations, technology and assets; protect our liquidity and financial position; work toward our strategic priorities and monitor our financial performance as we seek to position the Company to withstand the current uncertainty related to this pandemic.
JDE Peet's and KDP Equity Method Investment Transactions
During the second quarter of 2020, in connection with the JDE Peet's offering of its ordinary shares, we exchanged our 26.4% ownership interest in JDE for a 26.5% equity interest in JDE Peet’s. On May 29, 2020, we participated in the JDE Peet's offering and, with the subsequent exercise of the over-allotment option, we sold a total of approximately 11.1 million shares during the second quarter, retaining a 22.9% ownership interest in JDE Peet's. We received €350 million ($394 million) of total proceeds from the sales of JDE Peet's shares and we recorded a pre-tax gain of $121 million during the second quarter. We also incurred a $261 million tax expense that is payable in 2020 and 2021. Consistent with our accounting for KDP, in connection with JDE Peet's becoming a public company, we changed our accounting principle to reflect our share of JDE historical results and JDE Peet's ongoing results on a one-quarter lag basis while we continue to record dividends when cash is received. We determined a lag was preferable as it enables us to continue to report our quarterly and annual results on a timely basis and to record our share of JDE Peet's ongoing results once JDE Peet's has publicly reported its results. This change was applied retrospectively to all periods presented. Refer to Note 6, Equity Method Investments, and Note 14, Income
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Taxes, for additional information.
On March 4, 2020, we participated in a secondary offering of KDP shares and sold approximately 6.8 million shares, which reduced our ownership interest by 0.5% to 13.1% of the total outstanding shares. During the first quarter of 2020, we received $185 million of proceeds and recorded a pre-tax gain of $71 million (or $54 million after-tax). Refer to Note 6, Equity Method Investments, for additional information.
Summary of Results

• | Net revenues decreased 2.5% to $5.9 billion in the second quarter of 2020 and increased 0.1% to $12.6 billion in the first six months of 2020 as compared to the same periods in the prior year. During the second quarter and the first six months of 2020, net revenues were significantly impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak and response. In developed markets, particularly North America, demand for our products grew significantly as consumers increased their food purchases for in-home consumption. In some of our emerging markets, where we have a greater concentration of traditional trade, as well as in our gum and candy, world travel retail and foodservice businesses, where we sell products that are typically consumed away from home, net revenues were negatively affected by mandated lockdowns and other related restrictions.

– | Net revenue decreased in the second quarter of 2020, driven by the significant impact of unfavorable currency translation, as the U.S. dollar strengthened against most currencies in which we operate compared to exchange rates in the prior year, unfavorable volume/mix, and the May 28, 2019 divestiture of most of our cheese business in the Middle East and Africa. These items were partially offset by higher net pricing and incremental net revenues from our April 1, 2020 acquisition of Give & Go and our July 16, 2019 acquisition of Perfect Snacks.

– | Net revenue increased in the first six months of 2020, driven by higher net pricing, favorable volume/mix, and incremental net revenues from our acquisitions of Give & Go and Perfect Snacks. These items were mostly offset by the significant impact of unfavorable currency translation, as the U.S. dollar strengthened against most currencies in which we operate compared to exchange rates in the prior year, and the prior-year divestiture of most of our cheese business in the Middle East and Africa.

• | Organic Net Revenue, a non-GAAP financial measure, increased 0.7% to $6.1 billion in the second quarter of 2020 and increased 3.7% to $13.0 billion in the first six months of 2020 as compared to same periods in the prior year.

– | Organic Net Revenue increased in the second quarter of 2020, due to higher net pricing, partially offset by unfavorable volume/mix.

– | Organic Net Revenue increased in the first six months of 2020, due to higher net pricing and favorable volume/mix.

Refer to our Recent Developments and Significant Items Affecting Comparability above and Discussion and Analysis of Historical Results below, including the Results of Operations by Reportable Segment, for additional information. Organic Net Revenue is on a constant currency basis and excludes revenue from acquisitions and divestitures. We use Organic Net Revenue as it provides improved year-over-year comparability of our underlying operating results (see the definition of Organic Net Revenue and our reconciliation with net revenues within Non-GAAP Financial Measures appearing later in this section).

• | Diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International decreased 30.9% to $0.38 in the second quarter of 2020 and decreased 26.4% to $0.89 in the first six months of 2020 as compared to the same periods in the prior year.

– | Diluted EPS decrease d in the second quarter of 2020, primarily driven by costs associated with the JDE Peet's transaction, intangible asset impairment charges, lapping a prior-year net gain on divestiture, lapping prior-year impact from pension participation changes, unfavorable year-over-year mark-to-market impacts from currency and commodity derivatives, a decline from operating activities as a result of COVID-19 related impacts and unfavorable currency translation. These factors were partially offset by a gain on an equity method investment transaction and lower taxes primarily due to non-recurring discrete tax items (refer to Note 14, Income Taxes).

– | Diluted EPS decrease d during the first six months of 2020, primarily driven by costs associated with the JDE Peet's transaction, unfavorable year-over-year mark-to-market impacts from currency and commodity derivatives, a loss related to an interest rate swap, intangible asset impairment charges, unfavorable currency translation, lapping a prior-year gain on divestiture, lapping a prior-year impact from pension participation changes and a decrease in equity method investment earnings. These

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factors were partially offset by gains on equity method investment transactions, lower taxes associated with operating activities, an increase in benefit plan non-service income, fewer shares outstanding and an increase from operating activities, which were tempered by COVID-19 related impacts.

• | Adjusted EPS, a non-GAAP financial measure, increased 12.5% to $0.63 in the second quarter of 2020 and increased 4.0% to $1.30 in the first six months of 2020 as compared to the same periods in the prior year. On a constant currency basis, Adjusted EPS increased 16.1% to $0.65 in the second quarter of 2020 and increased 8.0% to $1.35 in the first six months of 2020 as compared to the same periods in the prior year.

– | Adjusted EPS increased in the second quarter of 2020, driven by lower taxes primarily due to non-recurring discrete tax items, an increase in equity method investment earnings, an increase in benefit plan non-service income, lower interest and other expense, net, and lower shares outstanding, partially offset by a decline from operating activities and unfavorable currency.

– | Adjusted EPS increased in the first six months of 2020, driven by lower taxes, an increase in benefit plan non-service income and fewer shares outstanding, partially offset by unfavorable currency and a decrease in equity method investment earnings.

Adjusted EPS and Adjusted EPS on a constant currency basis are non-GAAP financial measures. We use these measures as they provide improved year-over-year comparability of our underlying results (see the definition of Adjusted EPS and our reconciliation with diluted EPS within Non-GAAP Financial Measures appearing later in this section).
Financial Outlook
We seek to achieve profitable, long-term growth and manage our business to attain this goal using our key operating metrics: Organic Net Revenue, Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted EPS. We use these non-GAAP financial metrics and related computations, particularly growth in profit dollars, to evaluate and manage our business and to plan and make near- and long-term operating and strategic decisions. As such, we believe these metrics are useful to investors as they provide supplemental information in addition to our U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("U.S. GAAP") financial results. We believe it is useful to provide investors with the same financial information that we use internally to make comparisons of our historical operating results, identify trends in our underlying operating results and evaluate our business. We believe our non-GAAP financial measures should always be considered in relation to our GAAP results. We have provided reconciliations between our GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures in Non-GAAP Financial Measures, which appears later in this section.
In addition to monitoring our key operating metrics, we monitor developments and trends that could impact our revenue and profitability objectives, similar to those we highlighted in our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and discussed in the footnotes to our financial statements.

• | Market conditions. Snack categories continued to grow in the first half of 2020, in part due to increased consumer demand for snacks purchases for in-home consumption during the COVID-19 outbreak. As further discussed below and in Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks, volatility in global consumer, commodity, currency and capital markets increased significantly during the first six months of 2020 and is expected to continue while and until the COVID-19 outbreak is largely resolved.

• | COVID-19. We have been monitoring the COVID-19 outbreak. While its full impact is not yet known, it has had a material negative effect on the economy and could have a material negative effect on our business and results in 2020, particularly if there are significant adverse changes to consumer demand or significant disruptions to the supply, production or distribution of our products or the credit or financial stability of our customers and other business partners. An economic or credit crisis could occur and impair credit availability and our ability to raise capital when needed. A disruption in the financial markets may also have a negative effect on our derivative counterparties and could also impair our banking or other business partners, on whom we rely for access to capital and as counterparties for a number of our derivative contracts. Any of these and other developments could materially harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. We will continue to prioritize the safety of our employees and consumers. As we manage operations during the pandemic, we may continue to incur increased labor, customer service, logistics and other costs. As consumer demand for our products evolves, we could continue to see a shift in product mix that could have a negative impact on results. As discussed in Recent Developments and Significant Items Affecting Comparability, we are working to mitigate any negative impacts to our business from the COVID-19 outbreak, but we may not be able to fully predict or respond to all impacts on a timely basis to prevent near- and long-term adverse impacts to our results.

• | Brexit. On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom began the withdrawal process from the European Union under the European and U.K. Parliament approved Withdrawal Agreement. During a transition period

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scheduled to end on December 31, 2020, the United Kingdom will effectively remain in the E.U.’s customs union and single market while a trade deal with the European Union is negotiated. The deadline for extending the transition period was June 30, 2020 and the United Kingdom did not seek an extension. As a result, on December 31, 2020, the United Kingdom will either exit the European Union and begin a new trade relationship with the European Union or will exit without a trade deal. During the transition period, we continue to take protective measures in response to the potential impacts on our results of operations and financial condition. Our exposure to disruptions to our supply chain, the imposition of tariffs and currency devaluation in the United Kingdom could result in a material impact to our consolidated revenue, earnings and cash flow. In the six months ended June 30, 2020, we generated 8.8% of our consolidated net revenues in the United Kingdom and our supply chain in this market relies on imports of raw and packaging materials as well as finished goods. Following the Brexit vote in June 2016, there was significant volatility in the global stock markets and currency exchange rates. The value of the British pound sterling relative to the U.S. dollar declined significantly and negatively affected our translated results reported in U.S. dollars. The volatility in foreign currencies and other markets is expected to continue as the United Kingdom executes its exit from the European Union. If the U.K.'s membership in the European Union terminates without trade and other cross-border operating agreements, there could be increased costs from re-imposition of tariffs on trade between the United Kingdom and other countries, including those in the European Union, shipping delays because of the need for customs inspections and procedures and shortages of certain goods. The United Kingdom will also need to negotiate its own tax and trade treaties with countries all over the world, which could take years to complete. If the ultimate terms of the U.K.’s separation from the European Union negatively impact the U.K. economy or result in disruptions to sales or our supply chain, the impact to our results of operations and financial condition could be material. We are taking measures to increase our resources in customer service & logistics together with increasing our inventory levels of imported raw materials, packaging and finished goods in the United Kingdom to help us manage through the Brexit transition and the inherent risks. Resulting impacts and market volatility can vary significantly depending on the final terms of the U.K.’s exit from the European Union.

• | Taxes. During the third quarter of 2019, we recorded the impact of Swiss tax reform, and we continue to monitor for any additional interpretative guidance that could result in changes to the amounts we have recorded. In the United States, while the 2017 U.S. tax reform reduced the U.S. corporate tax rate and included some beneficial provisions, other provisions have, and in the future will have, an adverse effect on our results. We continue to evaluate the impacts as additional guidance on implementing the legislation becomes available. While additional guidance has been issued by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department, there are still some areas that may not be clarified for some time. Also, a number of U.S. states have not updated their laws to take into account the new federal legislation. As a result, there may be additional impacts of the new laws on our future results of operations and financial condition. It is possible that U.S. or Swiss tax reform or related interpretations could change and have an adverse effect on us that could be material. Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for more information on Swiss and U.S. tax reform.

• | Argentina. As further discussed in Note 1, Basis of Presentation – Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting, we continue to apply highly inflationary accounting for our Argentinian subsidiaries, and during the six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded a remeasurement loss of $5 million within selling, general and administrative expenses related to the revaluation of our Argentinian peso denominated net monetary position. The mix of monetary assets and liabilities and the exchange rate to convert Argentinian pesos to U.S. dollars could change over time, so it is difficult to predict the overall impact of the Argentina highly inflationary accounting on future net earnings.

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Discussion and Analysis of Historical Results
Items Affecting Comparability of Financial Results
The following table includes significant income or (expense) items that affected the comparability of our results of operations and our effective tax rates. Please refer to the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements indicated below for more information. Refer also to the Consolidated Results of Operations – Net Earnings and Earnings per Share Attributable to Mondelēz International table for the after-tax per share impacts of these items.

|  |  | For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| See Note |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
|  |  | (in millions, except percentages)
Simplify to Grow Program | Note 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring charges |  |  | $ | (28 | ) |  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | (43 | ) |  | $ | (40 | )
Implementation charges |  |  | (52 | ) |  | (68 | ) |  | (95 | ) |  | (118 | )
Intangible asset impairment charges |  |  | (90 | ) |  | — |  |  | (90 | ) |  | — |
Mark-to-market (losses)/gains from derivatives (1) | Note 9 |  | (2 | ) |  | 33 |  |  | (186 | ) |  | 49 |
Acquisition and divestiture-related costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition integration costs |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |
Acquisition-related costs |  |  | (10 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (1 | )
Divestiture-related costs |  |  | 2 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (10 | )
Net gain on divestiture |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |
Costs associated with JDE Peet's transaction | Note 6 |  | (48 | ) |  | — |  |  | (48 | ) |  | — |
Remeasurement of net monetary position | Note 1 |  | (3 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (1 | )
Impact from pension participation changes (1) | Note 10 |  | (3 | ) |  | 35 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 35 |
CEO transition remuneration (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6 | )
Loss related to interest rate swaps | Note 8 & 9 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (103 | ) |  | — |
Gain/(loss) on equity method investment transactions (3) | Note 6 |  | 121 |  |  | (25 | ) |  | 192 |  |  | (2 | )
Equity method investee acquisition- related or other (charges)/benefits, net |  |  | (34 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | (42 | ) |  | (29 | )
Effective tax rate (4) | Note 14 |  | 51.7 | % |  | 23.1 | % |  | 36.0 | % |  | 21.2 | %

(1) | Includes impacts recorded in operating income and interest expense and other, net.

(2) | Please see the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section at the end of this item for additional information.

(3) | Gain/(loss) on equity method investment transactions is recorded outside pre-tax operating results on the condensed consolidated statement of earnings.

(4) | Refer to Note 14, Income Taxes, for more information on our effective tax rate and to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for more information on the impact of Swiss and U.S. tax reform.

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Consolidated Results of Operations
Three Months Ended June 30:

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ change |  | % change
| (in millions, except per share data) |  |
Net revenues | $ | 5,911 |  |  | $ | 6,062 |  |  | $ | (151 | ) |  | (2.5 | )%
Operating income | 713 |  |  | 1,025 |  |  | (312 | ) |  | (30.4 | )%
Net earnings attributable to Mondelēz International | 544 |  |  | 803 |  |  | (259 | ) |  | (32.3 | )%
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Mondelēz International | 0.38 |  |  | 0.55 |  |  | (0.17 | ) |  | (30.9 | )%

Net Revenues – Net revenues decreased $151 million (2.5%) to $5,911 million in the second quarter of 2020, and Organic Net Revenue (1) increased $40 million (0.7%) to $6,080 million. Developed markets net revenue increased 5.4% and developed markets Organic Net Revenue increased 4.1%. Emerging markets net revenues decreased 15.6%, including an unfavorable currency impact, and emerging markets Organic Net Revenue decreased 5.1% (1). The underlying changes in net revenues and Organic Net Revenue are detailed below:

| 2020
Change in net revenues (by percentage point) |
Total change in net revenues | (2.5 | )%
Add back the following items affecting comparability: |
Unfavorable currency | 4.6 | pp
Impact of divestiture | 0.4 | pp
Impact of acquisitions | (1.8 | )pp
Total change in Organic Net Revenue (1) | 0.7 | %
Higher net pricing | 2.0 | pp
Unfavorable volume/mix | (1.3 | )pp

(1) | Please see the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section at the end of this item.

Net revenue decrease of 2.5% was driven by unfavorable currency and the impact of a prior-year divestiture, partially offset by the impact of acquisitions and our underlying Organic Net Revenue growth of 0.7%. Overall, for the second quarter of 2020, net revenues were higher in developed markets, particularly North America, where due to the COVID-19 outbreak and response, demand for our products grew significantly as consumers increased their food purchases for in-home consumption. In some of our emerging markets, where we have a greater concentration of traditional trade, as well as in our gum and candy, world travel retail and foodservice businesses, revenues were negatively affected by mandated lockdowns and other related restrictions.
Unfavorable currency impacts decreased net revenues by $283 million, due primarily to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to most currencies, including the Brazilian real, Argentinian peso, Mexican peso, euro, Russian ruble, British pound sterling dollar and Indian rupee. The impact of the May 28, 2019 divestiture of most of our cheese business in the Middle East and Africa resulted in a year-over-year decline in net revenues of $22 million. The April 1, 2020 acquisition of Give & Go added incremental net revenues of $91 million and the July 16, 2019 acquisition of a majority interest in Perfect Snacks added incremental net revenues of $23 million in the second quarter of 2020. Refer to Note 2, Acquisitions and Divestitures, for additional information. Organic Net Revenue growth was driven by higher net pricing, partially offset by unfavorable volume/mix. Higher net pricing was reflected in all regions except Europe. Net pricing was up, due to the benefit of carryover pricing from 2019 as well as the effects of input cost-driven pricing actions taken during the first six months of 2020. Unfavorable volume/mix, driven by unfavorable product mix as volume gains were tempered by the net negative volume impact from the COVID-19 outbreak, was reflected in all regions except North America.
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Operating Income – Operating income decreased $312 million (30.4%) to $713 million in the second quarter of 2020. Adjusted Operating Income (1) decreased $66 million (6.5%) to $942 million and Adjusted Operating Income on a constant currency basis (1) decreased $38 million (3.8%) to $970 million due to the following:

| Operating Income |  | % Change
| (in millions) |  |
Operating Income for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 | $ | 1,025 |  |  |
Simplify to Grow Program (2) | 83 |  |  |
Mark-to-market gains from derivatives (3) | (33 | ) |  |
Acquisition-related costs (4) | 1 |  |  |
Divestiture-related costs (4) | 11 |  |  |
Operating income from divestiture (4) | (5 | ) |  |
Net gain on divestiture (4) | (41 | ) |  |
Remeasurement of net monetary position (5) | (1 | ) |  |
Impact from pension participation changes (6) | (35 | ) |  |
CEO transition remuneration (1) | 3 |  |  |
Adjusted Operating Income (1) for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 | $ | 1,008 |  |  |
Higher net pricing | 120 |  |  |
Higher input costs | (102 | ) |  |
Unfavorable volume/mix | (60 | ) |  |
Lower selling, general and administrative expenses | 13 |  |  |
Impact from acquisitions (4) | (10 | ) |  |
Prior-year VAT-related settlement | 2 |  |  |
Other | (1 | ) |  |
Total change in Adjusted Operating Income (constant currency) (1) | (38 | ) |  | (3.8 | )%
Unfavorable currency translation | (28 | ) |  |
Total change in Adjusted Operating Income (1) | (66 | ) |  | (6.5 | )%
Adjusted Operating Income (1) for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 | $ | 942 |  |  |
Simplify to Grow Program (2) | (76 | ) |  |
Intangible asset impairment charges (7) | (90 | ) |  |
Mark-to-market losses from derivatives (3) | (2 | ) |  |
Acquisition integration costs (4) | (2 | ) |  |
Acquisition-related costs (4) | (10 | ) |  |
Divestiture-related costs (4) | 2 |  |  |
Costs associated with JDE Peet's transaction (8) | (48 | ) |  |
Remeasurement of net monetary position (5) | (3 | ) |  |
Operating Income for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 | $ | 713 |  |  | (30.4 | )%

(1) | Refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section at the end of this item.

(2) | Refer to Note 7, Restructuring Program, for more information.

(3) | Refer to Note 9, Financial Instruments, Note 16, Segment Reporting, and Non-GAAP Financial Measures section at the end of this item for more information on the unrealized gains/losses on commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivatives.

(4) | Refer to Note 2, Acquisitions and Divestitures, for more information on the April 1, 2020 acquisition of a significant majority interest in Give & Go, the July 16, 2019 acquisition of a majority interest in Perfect Snacks and the May 28, 2019 divestiture of most of our cheese business in the Middle East and Africa.

(5) | Refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation – Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting, for information on our application of highly inflationary accounting for Argentina.

(6) | Refer to Note 10, Benefit Plans, for more information.

(7) | Refer to Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for more information.

(8) | Refer to Note 6, Equity Method Investments, for more information on the JDE Peet's transaction.

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During the second quarter of 2020, we realized higher net pricing, which was mostly offset by increased input costs. Higher net pricing, which included the carryover impact of pricing actions taken in 2019 as well as the effects of input cost-driven pricing actions taken during the first six months of 2020, was reflected across all regions except Europe. The increase in input costs was driven by higher raw material costs, as manufacturing costs were essentially flat as productivity was offset by incremental COVID-19 related costs. Higher raw material costs were in part due to higher currency exchange transaction costs on imported materials, as well as higher dairy, cocoa, sugar, oils, nuts and other ingredients costs, partially offset by lower costs for grains and packaging. Unfavorable volume/mix, primarily due to unfavorable mix as overall volume increased despite the negative volume impact from the COVID-19 outbreak, was driven by Latin America, AMEA and Europe, which was partially offset by favorable volume/mix in North America.
Total selling, general and administrative expenses increased $26 million from the second quarter of 2019, due to a number of factors noted in the table above, including in part, costs associated with the JDE Peet's transaction, lapping the benefit from prior-year pension participation changes, the impact of acquisitions and higher acquisition-related costs, which were partially offset by a favorable currency impact related to expenses, lower divestiture-related costs, lower implementation costs incurred for the Simplify to Grow Program, lapping prior-year CEO transition remuneration, lapping the prior-year divestiture and lapping a prior-year VAT-related settlement. Excluding these factors, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $13 million from the second quarter of 2019. The decrease was driven primarily by lower advertising and consumer promotion costs. Overhead costs were flat as productivity efforts offset incremental COVID-19 related costs.
We recorded an expense of $2 million from a VAT-related settlement in Latin America in the second quarter of 2019. Unfavorable currency changes decreased operating income by $28 million due primarily to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to most currencies, including the Brazilian real, euro, British pound sterling, Russian ruble, Indian rupee, Chinese yuan and South African rand.
Operating income margin decreased from 16.9% in the second quarter of 2019 to 12.1% in the second quarter of 2020. The decrease in operating income margin was driven primarily by intangible asset impairment charges, costs associated with the JDE Peet's transaction, lower Adjusted Operating Income margin reflecting COVID-19 related impacts, lapping prior-year gain on a divestiture, lapping the benefit from prior-year pension participation changes and the year-over-year unfavorable change in mark-to-market gains/(losses) from currency and commodity hedging activities. Adjusted Operating Income margin decreased from 16.7% for the second quarter of 2019 to 15.9% for the second quarter of 2020. The decrease in Adjusted Operating Income margin was driven primarily by COVID-19 related costs, higher raw material costs, the impact of acquisitions and unfavorable volume/mix, partially offset by higher pricing, productivity and lower advertising and promotion costs.
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Net Earnings and Earnings per Share Attributable to Mondelēz International – Net earnings attributable to Mondelēz International of $544 million decreased by $259 million (32.3%) in the second quarter of 2020. Diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International was $0.38 in the second quarter of 2020, down $0.17 (30.9%) from the second quarter of 2019. Adjusted EPS (1) was $0.63 in the second quarter of 2020, up $0.07 (12.5%) from the second quarter of 2019. Adjusted EPS on a constant currency basis (1) was $0.65 in the second quarter of 2020, up $0.09 (16.1%) from the second quarter of 2019.

| Diluted EPS
Diluted EPS Attributable to Mondelēz International for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 | $ | 0.55 |
Simplify to Grow Program (2) | 0.05 |
Mark-to-market gains from derivatives (2) | (0.02 | )
Divestiture-related costs (2) | 0.01 |
Net earnings from divestiture (2) | (0.01 | )
Net gain on divestitures (2) | (0.03 | )
Impact from pension participation changes (2) | (0.02 | )
Net loss on equity method investment transactions (3) | 0.02 |
Equity method investee acquisition-related or other charges/(benefits), net (4) | 0.01 |
Adjusted EPS (1) for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 | $ | 0.56 |
Decrease in operations | (0.02 | )
Increase in equity method investment net earnings | 0.02 |
Impact from acquisition (2) | — |
Changes in benefit plan non-service income | 0.01 |
Changes in interest and other expense, net (5) | 0.01 |
Changes in income taxes (6) | 0.06 |
Changes in shares outstanding (7) | 0.01 |
Adjusted EPS (constant currency) (1) for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 | $ | 0.65 |
Unfavorable currency translation | (0.02 | )
Adjusted EPS (1) for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 | $ | 0.63 |
Simplify to Grow Program (2) | (0.04 | )
Intangible asset impairment charges (2) | (0.05 | )
Acquisition-related costs (2) | (0.01 | )
Costs associated with JDE Peet's transaction (2) | (0.21 | )
Gain on equity method investment transaction (3) | 0.08 |
Equity method investee acquisition-related or other (charges)/benefits, net (4) | (0.02 | )
Diluted EPS Attributable to Mondelēz International for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 | $ | 0.38 |

(1) | Refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section appearing later in this section.

(2) | See the Operating Income table above and the related footnotes for more information. Within earnings per share, taxes related to the JDE Peet's transaction are included in costs associated with the JDE Peet's transaction (refer to Note 14, Income Taxes, for more information).

(3) | Refer to Note 6, Equity Method Investments, for more information on the gain/(loss) on equity method investment transactions.

(4) | Includes our proportionate share of unusual or infrequent items, such as acquisition and divestiture-related costs and restructuring program costs, recorded by our JDE and KDP equity method investees.

(5) | Excludes the currency impact on interest expense related to our non-U.S. dollar-denominated debt, which is included in currency translation.

(6) | Refer to Note 14, Income Taxes, for more information on the items affecting income taxes.

(7) | Refer to Note 11, Stock Plans, for more information on our equity compensation programs and share repurchase program and Note 15, Earnings per Share, for earnings per share weighted-average share information.

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Six Months Ended June 30:

| For the Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ change |  | % change
| (in millions, except per share data) |  |
Net revenues | $ | 12,618 |  |  | $ | 12,600 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | 0.1 | %
Operating income | 1,569 |  |  | 2,061 |  |  | (492 | ) |  | (23.9 | )%
Net earnings attributable to Mondelēz International | 1,280 |  |  | 1,770 |  |  | (490 | ) |  | (27.7 | )%
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Mondelēz International | 0.89 |  |  | 1.21 |  |  | (0.32 | ) |  | (26.4 | )%

Net Revenues – Net revenues increased $18 million (0.1%) to $12,618 million in the first six months of 2020, and Organic Net Revenue (1) increased $459 million (3.7%) to $13,004 million. Developed markets net revenue increased 5.9% and developed markets Organic Net Revenue increased 5.9%. Emerging markets net revenues decreased 9.2%, including an unfavorable currency impact, and emerging markets Organic Net Revenue decreased 0.1% (1). The underlying changes in net revenues and Organic Net Revenue are detailed below:

| 2020
Change in net revenues (by percentage point) |
Total change in net revenues | 0.1 | %
Add back the following items affecting comparability: |
Unfavorable currency | 4.2 | pp
Impact of divestiture | 0.5 | pp
Impact of acquisition | (1.1 | )pp
Total change in Organic Net Revenue (1) | 3.7 | %
Higher net pricing | 1.9 | pp
Favorable volume/mix | 1.8 | pp

(1) | Please see the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section at the end of this item.

Net revenue increase of 0.1% was driven by our underlying Organic Net Revenue growth of 3.7% and the impact of acquisitions, mostly offset by unfavorable currency and the impact of a prior-year divestiture. Overall, net revenues were higher in developed markets, particularly North America, where due to the COVID-19 outbreak and response, demand for our products grew significantly as consumers increased their food purchases for in-home consumption. In some of our emerging markets, where we have a greater concentration of traditional trade, as well as in our gum and candy, world travel retail and foodservice businesses, revenues were negatively affected by mandated lockdowns and other related restrictions.
Organic Net Revenue growth was driven by both higher net pricing and favorable volume/mix. Net pricing was up, which includes the benefit of carryover pricing from 2019 as well as the effects of input cost-driven pricing actions taken during the first six months of 2020. Higher net pricing was reflected in all regions except Europe. Favorable volume/mix, reflecting overall volume gains despite being tempered by the net negative impact from the COVID-19 outbreak, was reflected in North America and Europe, partially offset by unfavorable volume/mix in Latin America and AMEA. The April 1, 2020 acquisition of Give & Go added incremental net revenues of $91 million and the July 16, 2019 acquisition of a majority interest in Perfect Snacks added incremental net revenues of $55 million in the first six months of 2020. Unfavorable currency impacts decreased net revenues by $532 million, due primarily to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to most currencies, including the Brazilian real, Argentinian peso, euro, Australian dollar, British pound sterling, Mexican peso, Russian ruble and Indian rupee. The impact of the May 28, 2019 divestiture of most of our cheese business in the Middle East and Africa resulted in a year-over-year decline in net revenues of $55 million. Refer to Note 2, Acquisitions and Divestitures, for additional information.
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Operating Income – Operating income decreased $492 million (23.9%) to $1,569 million in the first six months of 2020. Adjusted Operating Income (1) decreased $50 million (2.4%) to $2,048 million and Adjusted Operating Income on a constant currency basis (1) increased $24 million (1.1%) to $2,122 million due to the following:

| Operating Income |  | % Change
| (in millions) |  |
Operating Income for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 | $ | 2,061 |  |  |
Simplify to Grow Program (2) | 153 |  |  |
Mark-to-market gains from derivatives (3) | (49 | ) |  |
Acquisition-related costs (4) | 1 |  |  |
Divestiture-related costs (4) | 10 |  |  |
Operating income from divestiture (4) | (9 | ) |  |
Net gain on divestiture (4) | (41 | ) |  |
Remeasurement of net monetary position (5) | 1 |  |  |
Impact from pension participation changes (6) | (35 | ) |  |
CEO transition remuneration (1) | 6 |  |  |
Adjusted Operating Income (1) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 | $ | 2,098 |  |  |
Higher net pricing | 238 |  |  |
Higher input costs | (209 | ) |  |
Favorable volume/mix | 65 |  |  |
Higher selling, general and administrative expenses | (72 | ) |  |
Impact from acquisition (4) | (8 | ) |  |
Prior-year VAT-related settlements | 11 |  |  |
Other | (1 | ) |  |
Total change in Adjusted Operating Income (constant currency) (1) | 24 |  |  | 1.1 | %
Unfavorable currency translation | (74 | ) |  |
Total change in Adjusted Operating Income (1) | (50 | ) |  | (2.4 | )%
Adjusted Operating Income (1) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 | $ | 2,048 |  |  |
Simplify to Grow Program (2) | (134 | ) |  |
Intangible asset impairment charges (7) | (90 | ) |  |
Mark-to-market losses from derivatives (3) | (187 | ) |  |
Acquisition integration costs (4) | (2 | ) |  |
Acquisition-related costs (4) | (15 | ) |  |
Divestiture-related costs (4) | 2 |  |  |
Costs associated with JDE Peet's transaction (8) | (48 | ) |  |
Remeasurement of net monetary position (5) | (5 | ) |  |
Operating Income for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 | $ | 1,569 |  |  | (23.9 | )%

(1) | Refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section at the end of this item.

(2) | Refer to Note 7, Restructuring Program, for more information.

(3) | Refer to Note 9, Financial Instruments, Note 16, Segment Reporting, and Non-GAAP Financial Measures section at the end of this item for more information on the unrealized gains/losses on commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivatives.

(4) | Refer to Note 2, Acquisitions and Divestitures, for more information on the April 1, 2020 acquisition of a significant majority interest in Give & Go, the July 16, 2019 acquisition of a majority interest in Perfect Snacks and the May 28, 2019 divestiture of most of our cheese business in the Middle East and Africa.

(5) | Refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation – Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting, for information on our application of highly inflationary accounting for Argentina.

(6) | Refer to Note 10, Benefit Plans, for more information.

(7) | Refer to Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for more information.

(8) | Refer to Note 6, Equity Method Investments, for more information on the JDE Peet's transaction.

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During the first six months of 2020, we realized higher net pricing, which was mostly offset by increased input costs. Higher net pricing, which included the carryover impact of pricing actions taken in 2019 as well as the effects of input cost-driven pricing actions taken during the first six months of 2020, was reflected in all regions except Europe. The increase in input costs was driven by higher raw material costs, as manufacturing costs were essentially flat as productivity was offset by incremental COVID-19 related costs. Higher raw material costs were in part due to higher currency exchange transaction costs on imported materials, as well as higher dairy, energy, cocoa, oil, nuts, sugar and other ingredients costs, partially offset by lower costs for grains. Favorable volume/mix was driven by North America and Europe, which was partially offset by unfavorable volume/mix in Latin America and AMEA.
Total selling, general and administrative expenses increased $70 million from the first six months of 2019, due to a number of factors noted in the table above, including in part, costs associated with the JDE Peet's transaction, the impact of acquisitions, lapping the benefit from prior-year pension participation changes and higher acquisition-related costs, which were more than offset by a favorable currency impact related to expenses, lower implementation costs incurred for the Simplify to Grow Program, lower divestiture-related costs, lapping prior-year VAT-related settlements, lapping prior-year CEO transition remuneration and lapping the prior-year divestiture. Excluding these factors, selling, general and administrative expenses increased $72 million from the first six months of 2019. The increase was driven primarily by higher overheads reflecting route-to-market investments as well as incremental COVID-19 related costs and higher advertising and consumer promotion costs.
We recorded an expense of $11 million from VAT-related settlements in Latin America in the first six months of 2019. Unfavorable currency changes decreased operating income by $74 million due primarily to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to most currencies, including the Brazilian real, euro, Argentinian peso, British pound sterling, Australian dollar, Chinese yuan and Russian ruble.
Operating income margin decreased from 16.4% in the first six months of 2019 to 12.4% in the first six months of 2020. The decrease in operating income margin was driven primarily by the year-over-year unfavorable change in mark-to-market gains/(losses) from currency and commodity hedging activities, intangible asset impairment charges, lower Adjusted Operating Income margin reflecting COVID-19 related impacts, lapping the prior-year gain on a divestiture, costs associated with the JDE Peet's transaction and lapping the benefit from prior-year pension participation changes, partially offset by lower implementation costs for the Simplify to Grow Program. Adjusted Operating Income margin decreased from 16.7% for the first six months of 2019 to 16.2% for first six months of 2020. The decrease in Adjusted Operating Income margin was driven primarily by higher raw material costs, COVID-19 related costs and the impact of acquisitions, partially offset by higher pricing and productivity.
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Net Earnings and Earnings per Share Attributable to Mondelēz International – Net earnings attributable to Mondelēz International of $1,280 million decreased by $490 million (27.7%) in the first six months of 2020. Diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International was $0.89 in the first six months of 2020, down $0.32 (26.4%) from the first six months of 2019. Adjusted EPS (1) was $1.30 in the first six months of 2020, up $0.05 (4.0%) from the first six months of 2019. Adjusted EPS on a constant currency basis (1) was $1.35 in the first six months of 2020, up $0.10 (8.0%) from the first six months of 2019.

| Diluted EPS
Diluted EPS Attributable to Mondelēz International for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 | $ | 1.21 |
Simplify to Grow Program (2) | 0.08 |
Mark-to-market gains from derivatives (2) | (0.03 | )
Divestiture-related costs (2) | 0.01 |
Net earnings from divestiture (2) | (0.01 | )
Net gain on divestitures (2) | (0.03 | )
Impact from pension participation changes (2) | (0.02 | )
CEO transition remuneration (2) | 0.01 |
Net loss on equity method investment transactions (3) | 0.01 |
Equity method investee acquisition-related or other charges/(benefits), net (4) | 0.02 |
Adjusted EPS (1) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 | $ | 1.25 |
Increase in operations | 0.01 |
Decrease in equity method investment net earnings | (0.02 | )
Changes in benefit plan non-service income | 0.02 |
Changes in income taxes (5) | 0.07 |
Changes in shares outstanding (6) | 0.02 |
Adjusted EPS (constant currency) (1) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 | $ | 1.35 |
Unfavorable currency translation | (0.05 | )
Adjusted EPS (1) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 | $ | 1.30 |
Simplify to Grow Program (2) | (0.07 | )
Intangible asset impairment charges (2) | (0.05 | )
Mark-to-market losses from derivatives (2) | (0.11 | )
Acquisition-related costs (2) | (0.01 | )
Costs associated with JDE Peet's transaction (2) | (0.21 | )
Loss related to interest rate swaps (7) | (0.06 | )
Gain on equity method investment transactions (3) | 0.12 |
Equity method investee acquisition-related or other (charges)/benefits, net (4) | (0.02 | )
Diluted EPS Attributable to Mondelēz International for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 | $ | 0.89 |

(1) | Refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section appearing later in this section.

(2) | See the Operating Income table above and the related footnotes for more information. Within earnings per share, taxes related to the JDE Peet's transaction are included in costs associated with the JDE Peet's transaction (refer to Note 14, Income Taxes, for more information).

(3) | Refer to Note 6, Equity Method Investments, for more information on the gain/(loss) on equity method investment transactions.

(4) | Includes our proportionate share of unusual or infrequent items, such as acquisition and divestiture-related costs and restructuring program costs, recorded by our JDE and KDP equity method investees.

(5) | Refer to Note 14, Income Taxes, for more information on the items affecting income taxes.

(6) | Refer to Note 11, Stock Plans, for more information on our equity compensation programs and share repurchase program and Note 15, Earnings per Share, for earnings per share weighted-average share information.

(7) | Refer to Note 9, Financial Instruments, for information on our interest rate swaps that we no longer designate as cash flow hedges.

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Results of Operations by Reportable Segment
Our operations and management structure are organized into four operating segments:

• | Latin America

• | AMEA

• | Europe

• | North America

We manage our operations by region to leverage regional operating scale, manage different and changing business environments more effectively and pursue growth opportunities as they arise across our key markets. Our regional management teams have responsibility for the business, product categories and financial results in the regions.
We use segment operating income to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources. We believe it is appropriate to disclose this measure to help investors analyze segment performance and trends. See Note 16, Segment Reporting, for additional information on our segments and Items Affecting Comparability of Financial Results earlier in this section for items affecting our segment operating results.
Our segment net revenues and earnings were:

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (in millions)
Net revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Latin America | $ | 511 |  |  | $ | 737 |  |  | $ | 1,237 |  |  | $ | 1,537 |
AMEA | 1,237 |  |  | 1,352 |  |  | 2,739 |  |  | 2,893 |
Europe | 2,138 |  |  | 2,247 |  |  | 4,722 |  |  | 4,798 |
North America | 2,025 |  |  | 1,726 |  |  | 3,920 |  |  | 3,372 |
Net revenues | $ | 5,911 |  |  | $ | 6,062 |  |  | $ | 12,618 |  |  | $ | 12,600 |
Earnings before income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Latin America | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 166 |
AMEA | 171 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 405 |  |  | 447 |
Europe | 297 |  |  | 408 |  |  | 769 |  |  | 908 |
North America | 424 |  |  | 407 |  |  | 805 |  |  | 726 |
Unrealized (losses)/gains on hedging activities (mark-to-market impacts) | (2 | ) |  | 33 |  |  | (187 | ) |  | 49 |
General corporate expenses | (111 | ) |  | (79 | ) |  | (187 | ) |  | (188 | )
Amortization of intangibles | (50 | ) |  | (43 | ) |  | (93 | ) |  | (87 | )
Net gain on divestiture | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |
Acquisition-related costs | (10 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (1 | )
Operating income | 713 |  |  | 1,025 |  |  | 1,569 |  |  | 2,061 |
Benefit plan non-service income | 31 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 29 |
Interest and other expense, net | (85 | ) |  | (101 | ) |  | (275 | ) |  | (181 | )
Earnings before income taxes | $ | 659 |  |  | $ | 936 |  |  | $ | 1,358 |  |  | $ | 1,909 |

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Latin America

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ change |  | % change
| (in millions) |  |
Net revenues | $ | 511 |  |  | $ | 737 |  |  | $ | (226 | ) |  | (30.7 | )%
Segment operating income | (6 | ) |  | 68 |  |  | (74 | ) |  | (108.8 | )%
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ change |  | % change
| (in millions) |  |
Net revenues | $ | 1,237 |  |  | $ | 1,537 |  |  | $ | (300 | ) |  | (19.5 | )%
Segment operating income | 72 |  |  | 166 |  |  | (94 | ) |  | (56.6 | )%

Three Months Ended June 30:
Net revenues decreased $226 million (30.7%), due to unfavorable currency (19.4 pp) and unfavorable volume/mix (18.8 pp), partially offset by higher net pricing (7.5 pp). Unfavorable currency impacts were due primarily to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to most currencies in the region including the Brazilian real, Argentinian peso and Mexican peso. Unfavorable volume/mix was due to the negative volume impact from the COVID-19 outbreak as well as the impact of pricing-related elasticity. Unfavorable volume/mix was driven by declines in gum, candy, biscuits, chocolate and refreshment beverages, partially offset by gains in cheese & grocery. Higher net pricing was reflected across all categories, driven primarily by Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.
Segment operating income decreased $74 million (108.8%), primarily due to unfavorable volume/mix, higher raw material costs and higher other selling, general and administrative expenses (net of lapping the expense of a VAT-related settlement in 2019). These unfavorable items were partially offset by higher net pricing, lower advertising and consumer promotion costs and lower costs incurred for the Simplify to Grow Program.
Six Months Ended June 30:
Net revenues decreased $300 million (19.5%), due to unfavorable currency (17.7 pp) and unfavorable volume/mix (10.0 pp), partially offset by higher net pricing (8.2 pp). Unfavorable currency impacts were due primarily to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to most currencies in the region including the Brazilian real, Argentinian peso and Mexican peso. Unfavorable volume/mix was due to the negative volume impact from the COVID-19 outbreak as well as the impact of pricing-related elasticity. Unfavorable volume/mix was driven by declines in gum, candy, chocolate, refreshment beverages and biscuits, partially offset by gains in cheese & grocery. Higher net pricing was reflected across all categories, driven primarily by Argentina, Mexico and Brazil.
Segment operating income decreased $94 million (56.6%), primarily due to unfavorable volume/mix, higher raw material costs, higher other selling, general and administrative expenses (net of lapping the expense of VAT-related settlements in 2019) and unfavorable currency. These unfavorable items were partially offset by higher net pricing, lower advertising and consumer promotion costs, lower costs incurred for the Simplify to Grow Program and lower manufacturing costs (net of incremental COVID-19 related costs).
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AMEA

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ change |  | % change
| (in millions) |  |
Net revenues | $ | 1,237 |  |  | $ | 1,352 |  |  | $ | (115 | ) |  | (8.5 | )%
Segment operating income | 171 |  |  | 191 |  |  | (20 | ) |  | (10.5 | )%
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ change |  | % change
| (in millions) |  |
Net revenues | $ | 2,739 |  |  | $ | 2,893 |  |  | $ | (154 | ) |  | (5.3 | )%
Segment operating income | 405 |  |  | 447 |  |  | (42 | ) |  | (9.4 | )%

Three Months Ended June 30:
Net revenues decreased $115 million (8.5%), due to unfavorable volume/mix (4.6 pp), unfavorable currency (3.9 pp) and the impact of a divestiture (1.5 pp), partially offset by higher net pricing (1.5 pp). Unfavorable volume/mix was due to the negative impact from COVID-19 related lockdowns impacting our traditional trade markets. Unfavorable volume/mix was driven by declines in chocolate, gum, candy and refreshment beverages, partially offset by gains in biscuits and cheese & grocery. Unfavorable currency impacts were due to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to several currencies in the region, including the Indian rupee, South African rand, Australian dollar and Chinese yuan. The May 28, 2019 divestiture of most of our cheese business in the Middle East and Africa resulted in a year-over-year decline in net revenues of $22 million. Higher net pricing was driven by chocolate, refreshment beverages, biscuits and cheese & grocery, partially offset by lower net pricing in gum and candy.
Segment operating income decreased $20 million (10.5%), primarily due to unfavorable volume/mix, higher raw material costs, unfavorable currency, intangible asset impairment charges and the impact of the prior-year divestiture. These unfavorable items were partially offset by higher net pricing, lower other selling, general and administrative expenses, lower advertising and consumer promotion costs and lower manufacturing costs (net of incremental COVID-19 related costs).
Six Months Ended June 30:
Net revenues decreased $154 million (5.3%), due to unfavorable currency (3.2 pp), the impact of a divestiture (1.8 pp) and unfavorable volume/mix (1.7 pp), partially offset by higher net pricing (1.4 pp). Unfavorable currency impacts were due to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to several currencies in the region, including the Australian dollar, Indian rupee, Chinese yuan and South African rand. The May 28, 2019 divestiture of most of our cheese business in the Middle East and Africa resulted in a year-over-year decline in net revenues of $55 million. Unfavorable volume/mix was due to unfavorable product mix as overall higher volume was tempered by the negative volume impact from COVID-19 related lockdowns impacting our traditional trade markets. Unfavorable volume/mix was driven by declines in gum, chocolate, refreshment beverages and candy, partially offset by gains in biscuits and cheese & grocery. Higher net pricing was driven by refreshment beverages, biscuits, chocolate and cheese & grocery, partially offset by lower net pricing in candy and gum.
Segment operating income decreased $42 million (9.4%), primarily due to higher raw material costs, unfavorable volume/mix, unfavorable currency, the impact of the prior-year divestiture and intangible asset impairment charges. These unfavorable items were partially offset by higher net pricing, lower manufacturing costs (net of incremental COVID-19 related costs), lower costs incurred for the Simplify to Grow Program, lower divestiture-related costs (including the current year reversal of accruals no longer required) and higher other selling, general and administrative expenses.
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Europe

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ change |  | % change
| (in millions) |  |
Net revenues | $ | 2,138 |  |  | $ | 2,247 |  |  | $ | (109 | ) |  | (4.9 | )%
Segment operating income | 297 |  |  | 408 |  |  | (111 | ) |  | (27.2 | )%
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ change |  | % change
| (in millions) |  |
Net revenues | $ | 4,722 |  |  | $ | 4,798 |  |  | $ | (76 | ) |  | (1.6 | )%
Segment operating income | 769 |  |  | 908 |  |  | (139 | ) |  | (15.3 | )%

Three Months Ended June 30:
Net revenues decreased $109 million (4.9%), due to unfavorable currency (3.7 pp), lower net pricing (0.8 pp) and unfavorable volume/mix (0.4 pp). Unfavorable currency impacts reflected the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to most currencies in the region, primarily the euro, Russian ruble, British pound sterling, Norwegian krone and Turkish lira. Lower net pricing was driven by chocolate, biscuits and refreshment beverages, partially offset by higher net pricing in cheese & grocery, candy and gum. Unfavorable volume/mix was due to unfavorable product mix, as overall higher volume was tempered by the net negative volume impact from the COVID-19 outbreak as increased food purchases for in-home consumption were more than offset by a negative volume impact on our world travel retail and foodservice businesses due to lockdowns and other restrictions. Unfavorable volume/mix was driven by declines in biscuits, gum and candy, mostly offset by gains in chocolate, cheese & grocery and refreshment beverages.
Segment operating income decreased $111 million (27.2%), primarily due to intangible asset impairment charges, unfavorable volume/mix, unfavorable currency, lower net pricing, higher manufacturing costs driven by incremental COVID-19 related costs, higher raw material costs and higher other selling, general and administrative expenses. These unfavorable items were partially offset by lower advertising and consumer promotion costs and lower costs incurred for the Simplify to Grow Program.
Six Months Ended June 30:
Net revenues decreased $76 million (1.6%), due to unfavorable currency (3.4 pp) and lower net pricing (0.2 pp), partially offset by favorable volume/mix (2.0 pp). Unfavorable currency impacts reflected the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to most currencies in the region, primarily the euro, British pound sterling, Russian ruble, Norwegian krone and Turkish lira. Lower net pricing was driven by chocolate, biscuits and refreshment beverages, partially offset by higher net pricing in cheese & grocery, candy and gum. Favorable volume/mix, despite unfavorable product mix, was tempered by the net impact from the COVID-19 outbreak, as increased food purchases for in-home consumption were more than offset by a negative volume impact on our world travel retail and foodservice businesses due to lockdowns and other restrictions. Favorable volume/mix was driven by gains in chocolate, cheese & grocery and refreshment beverages, partially offset by declines in gum, candy and biscuits.
Segment operating income decreased $139 million (15.3%), primarily due to intangible asset impairment charges, unfavorable currency, higher raw material costs, higher manufacturing costs driven by incremental COVID-19 related costs, higher other selling, general and administrative expenses and lower net pricing. These unfavorable items were partially offset by favorable volume/mix and lower advertising and consumer promotion costs.
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North America

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ change |  | % change
| (in millions) |  |
Net revenues | $ | 2,025 |  |  | $ | 1,726 |  |  | $ | 299 |  |  | 17.3 | %
Segment operating income | 424 |  |  | 407 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 4.2 | %
| For the Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ change |  | % change
| (in millions) |  |
Net revenues | $ | 3,920 |  |  | $ | 3,372 |  |  | $ | 548 |  |  | 16.3 | %
Segment operating income | 805 |  |  | 726 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 10.9 | %

Three Months Ended June 30:
Net revenues increased $299 million (17.3%), due to favorable volume/mix (7.4 pp), the impact of acquisitions (6.6 pp) and higher net pricing (3.6 pp), partially offset by unfavorable currency (0.3 pp). Favorable volume/mix, in part due to the positive volume impact from COVID-19 as consumers increased their food purchases for in-home consumption, was driven by gains in biscuits, partially offset by declines in gum, candy and chocolate. The April 1, 2020 acquisition of Give & Go added incremental net revenues of $91 million and the July 16, 2019 acquisition of a majority interest in Perfect Snacks added net revenues of $23 million in the second quarter of 2020. Higher net pricing was reflected across all categories except candy. Unfavorable currency impact was due to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar.
Segment operating income increased $17 million (4.2%), primarily due to favorable volume/mix and higher net pricing. These favorable items were partially offset by intangible asset impairment charges, lapping the benefit from prior-year pension participation changes, higher advertising and consumer promotion costs, higher other selling, general and administrative expenses (including incremental COVID-19 related costs) and higher raw material costs.
Six Months Ended June 30:
Net revenues increased $548 million (16.3%), due to favorable volume/mix (9.8 pp), the impact of acquisitions (4.3 pp) and higher net pricing (2.4 pp), partially offset by unfavorable currency (0.2 pp). Favorable volume/mix, in part due to the positive volume impact from COVID-19 as consumers increased their food purchases for in-home consumption, was driven by gains in biscuits and candy, partially offset by declines in gum and chocolate. The April 1, 2020 acquisition of Give & Go added incremental net revenues of $91 million and the July 16, 2019 acquisition of a majority interest in Perfect Snacks added net revenues of $55 million in the first six months of 2020. Higher net pricing was driven by biscuits and chocolate, partially offset by lower net pricing in gum and candy. Unfavorable currency impact was due to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar.
Segment operating income increased $79 million (10.9%), primarily due to favorable volume/mix and higher net pricing. These favorable items were partially offset by higher advertising and consumer promotion costs, intangible asset impairment charges, lapping the benefit from prior-year pension participation changes, higher other selling, general and administrative expenses (including incremental COVID-19 related costs), higher raw material costs and higher manufacturing costs driven by incremental COVID-19 related costs.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
We believe that cash from operations, our revolving credit facilities, short-term borrowings and our authorized long-term financing will continue to provide sufficient liquidity for our working capital needs, planned capital expenditures and future payments of our contractual, tax and benefit plan obligations and payments for acquisitions, share repurchases and quarterly dividends. In light of the current uncertainty in the global markets related to the COVID-19 outbreak, however, an economic or credit crisis could occur and impair credit availability and our ability to raise capital when needed. A disruption in the financial markets could also impair our banking and other business partners, on whom we rely for access to capital and as counterparties for a number of our derivative contracts. Any of these and other developments could materially harm our access to capital or financial condition. As a precautionary measure and to preserve financial flexibility, we increased our credit facility borrowing capacity in the first half of 2020. Refer to Recent Developments and Significant Items Affecting Comparability and Note 8, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements, for additional details. We also continue to utilize our commercial paper program and international credit lines, and we recently secured and continue to evaluate long-term debt issuances to meet our short- and longer-term funding requirements. We also use intercompany loans with our international subsidiaries to improve financial flexibility. In connection with various legislatively authorized tax payment deferral mechanisms available for income tax, indirect tax (such as value-added tax) and payroll tax in a number of jurisdictions, we were able to defer certain of these tax payments, which provided a cash benefit that will reverse when the cash tax payments become due. Overall, we do not expect any negative effects to our funding sources that would have a material effect on our liquidity; however, if a serious economic or credit market crisis ensues, it could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations and financial condition.
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:
Net cash provided by operating activities was $1,558 million in the first six months of 2020 and $1,046 million in the first six months of 2019. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was due primarily to lower cash tax payments and lower working capital requirements, partially offset by payments of interest rate swap cash settlements and payments for several indirect tax matters that were resolved during the fourth quarter of 2019 under a tax amnesty program in India.
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities:
Net cash used in investing activities was $1,037 million in the first six months of 2020 and $267 million in the first six months of 2019. The increase in net cash used in investing activities was due primarily to cash paid to acquire a majority interest in Give & Go, the payment of interest rate swaps for which the planned tenor of the related forecasted debt was changed and lower cash receipts from the settlement and replacement of net investment hedge derivative contracts, partially offset by cash received from the sale of shares in the JDE Peet's and KDP offerings and lower capital expenditures. We continue to make capital expenditures primarily to modernize manufacturing facilities and support new product and productivity initiatives. During the first quarter of 2020 and due to the ongoing COVID-19 situation, we reduced our expected 2020 capital expenditures from up to $0.9 billion to up to $0.8 billion, including capital expenditures in connection with our Simplify to Grow Program. We expect to continue to fund these expenditures with cash from operations.
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities:
Net cash used in financing activities was $181 million in the first six months of 2020 and $639 million in the first six months of 2019. The decrease in cash used in financing activities was primarily due to higher net debt issuances and lower share repurchases, partially offset by higher dividends paid.
Debt:
From time to time we refinance long-term and short-term debt. Refer to Note 8, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements, for details of our debt activity during the first six months of 2020. The nature and amount of our long-term and short-term debt and the proportionate amount of each varies as a result of current and expected business requirements, market conditions and other factors. Due to seasonality, in the first and second quarters of the year, our working capital requirements grow, increasing the need for short-term financing. The second half of the year typically generates higher cash flows. As such, we may issue commercial paper or secure other forms of financing throughout the year to meet short-term working capital needs.
One of our subsidiaries, Mondelez International Holdings Netherlands B.V. (“MIHN”), has outstanding debt. The operations held by MIHN generated approximately 70.6% (or $8.9 billion) of the $12.6 billion of consolidated net revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2020. The operations held by MIHN represented approximately 90.4% (or $23.6 billion) of the $26.1 billion of net assets as of June 30, 2020 and 87.2% (or $23.9 billion) of the $27.3 billion of net assets as of December 31, 2019.
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During February 2020, our Board of Directors approved a new $8.0 billion long-term financing authority to replace the prior $5.0 billion authority. As of June 30, 2020, we had $5.5 billion of long-term financing authority remaining.
In the 12 months subsequent to June 30, 2020, approximately $0.9 billion of long-term debt will mature as follows: $143 million in October 2020 and $763 million in January 2021. We expect to fund these repayments with a combination of cash from operations, short-term borrowings, including issuance of commercial paper, and long-term debt.
Our total debt was $19.7 billion at June 30, 2020 and $18.4 billion at December 31, 2019. Our debt-to-capitalization ratio was 0.43 at June 30, 2020 and 0.40 at December 31, 2019. At June 30, 2020, the weighted-average term of our outstanding long-term debt was 6.0 years. Our average daily commercial paper borrowings outstanding were $3.6 billion in the first six months of 2020 and $4.2 billion in the first six months of 2019. We had commercial paper outstanding totaling $2.7 billion as of June 30, 2020 and $2.6 billion as of December 31, 2019. We expect to continue to use commercial paper to finance various short-term financing needs. We continue to comply with our debt covenants. Refer to Note 8, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements.
Commodity Trends
We regularly monitor worldwide supply, commodity cost and currency trends so we can cost-effectively secure ingredients, packaging and fuel required for production. During the first six months of 2020, the primary drivers of the increase in our aggregate commodity costs were higher currency exchange transaction costs on imported materials, as well as increased costs for dairy, energy, cocoa, oils, nuts, sugar and other ingredients, partially offset by lower costs for grains.
A number of external factors such as the current COVID-19 global pandemic, weather conditions, commodity market conditions, currency fluctuations and the effects of governmental agricultural or other programs affect the cost and availability of raw materials and agricultural materials used in our products. We address higher commodity costs and currency impacts primarily through hedging, higher pricing and manufacturing and overhead cost control. We use hedging techniques to limit the impact of fluctuations in the cost of our principal raw materials; however, we may not be able to fully hedge against commodity cost changes, such as dairy, where there is a limited ability to hedge, and our hedging strategies may not protect us from increases in specific raw material costs. Due to competitive or market conditions, planned trade or promotional incentives, fluctuations in currency exchange rates or other factors, our pricing actions may also lag commodity cost changes temporarily.
We expect price volatility and a higher aggregate cost environment to continue in the remainder of 2020. While the costs of our principal raw materials fluctuate, we believe there will continue to be an adequate supply of the raw materials we use and that they will generally remain available from numerous sources.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations
See Note 8, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements, for information on debt transactions during 2020.There were no other material developments or changes to our off-balance sheet arrangements and aggregate contractual obligations disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Equity and Dividends
Stock Plans and Share Repurchases:
See Note 11, Stock Plans, for more information on our stock plans, grant activity and share repurchase program for the six months ended June 30, 2020.
Between 2013 and 2017, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of a total of $13.7 billion of our Common Stock through December 31, 2018. On January 31, 2018, our Finance Committee, with authorization delegated from our Board of Directors, approved an increase of $6.0 billion in the share repurchase program, raising the authorization to $19.7 billion of Common Stock repurchases, and extended the program through December 31, 2020.
We repurchased shares at an aggregate cost of $17.2 billion, at a weighted-average cost of $40.09 per share, through June 30, 2020 ($0.7 billion in the first six months of 2020, $1.5 billion in 2019, $2.0 billion in 2018, $2.2 billion in 2017, $2.6 billion in 2016, $3.6 billion in 2015, $1.9 billion in 2014 and $2.7 billion in 2013). The number of
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shares that we ultimately repurchase under our share repurchase program may vary depending on numerous factors, including share price and other market conditions, our ongoing capital allocation planning, levels of cash and debt balances, other demands for cash, such as acquisition activity, general economic or business conditions and Board and management discretion. Additionally, our share repurchase activity during any particular period may fluctuate. We may accelerate, suspend, delay or discontinue our share repurchase program at any time, without notice.
Dividends:
We paid dividends of $819 million in the first six months of 2020 and $756 million in the first six months of 2019. The second quarter 2020 dividend of $0.285 per share, declared on May 13, 2020 for shareholders of record as of June 30, 2020, was paid on July 14, 2020. On July 28, 2020, the Finance Committee, with authorization delegated from our Board of Directors, declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.315 per share of Class A Common Stock, an increase of 11 percent. This dividend is payable on October 14, 2020, to shareholders of record as of September 30, 2020. The declaration of dividends is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and depends on various factors, including our net earnings, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors that our Board of Directors deems relevant to its analysis and decision making.
We anticipate that the 2020 distributions will be characterized as dividends under U.S. federal income tax rules. The final determination will be made on an IRS Form 1099–DIV issued in early 2021.
Significant Accounting Estimates
We prepare our condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Our significant accounting estimates are described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. See Note 1, Basis of Presentation, for a discussion of the impact of new accounting standards.
New Accounting Guidance:
See Note 1, Basis of Presentation, for a discussion of new accounting standards.
Contingencies:
See Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies, and Part II, Item 1. Legal Proceedings, for a discussion of contingencies.
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains a number of forward-looking statements. Words, and variations of words, such as “will,” “may,” “expect,” “would,” “could,” “might,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “likely,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “objective,” “predict,” “project,” “position,” “seek,” “aim,” “potential,” “outlook” and similar expressions are intended to identify our forward-looking statements, including but not limited to statements about: the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on consumer demand, costs, product mix, the availability of our products, our strategic initiatives, our and our partners’ global supply chains, operations and routes to market, and our financial results; our future performance, including our future revenue and earnings growth; our strategy to accelerate consumer-centric growth, drive operational excellence and create a winning growth culture; volatility in global consumer, commodity, currency and capital markets; price volatility and pricing actions; the cost environment and measures to address increased costs; our ability to meet demand for our products; our tax rate, tax positions, tax proceedings and the impact of U.S. and Swiss tax reform on our results; the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union and its impact on our results, including the consequences of any trade or other cross-border operating agreements, or failure to reach agreements, following the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union; the costs of, timing of expenditures under and completion of our restructuring program; commodity prices and supply; our investments including in JDE Peet's and KDP; political, business and economic conditions and volatility; currency exchange rates, controls and restrictions and the effect of currency translation on our results of operations; the application of highly inflationary accounting for our Argentinian subsidiaries and the potential for and impacts from currency devaluation in other countries; the outcome and effects on us of legal proceedings and government investigations;
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the estimated value of goodwill and intangible assets; amortization expense for intangible assets; impairment of goodwill and intangible assets and our projections of operating results and other factors that may affect our impairment testing; our accounting estimates and judgments and the impact of new accounting pronouncements; pension expenses, contributions and assumptions; our liquidity, funding sources and uses of funding, including debt issuances and our use of commercial paper; steps we have taken to enhance our capital structure and liquidity, credit availability and our ability to raise capital, and the impact of market disruptions on counterparties and business partners; the planned phase out of London Interbank Offered Rates; our risk management program, including the use of financial instruments and the impacts and effectiveness of our hedging activities; working capital; capital expenditures and funding; funding of debt maturities; share repurchases; dividends; long-term value for our shareholders; the characterization of 2020 distributions as dividends; compliance with our debt covenants; and our contractual and other obligations.
These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, and many of these risks and uncertainties are currently amplified by and may continue to be amplified by the COVID-19 outbreak. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, uncertainty about the magnitude, duration, geographic reach, impact on the global economy and related current and potential travel restrictions of the COVID-19 outbreak; the current, and uncertain future, impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business, growth, reputation, prospects, financial condition, operating results (including components of our financial results), cash flows and liquidity; risks from operating globally including in emerging markets; changes in currency exchange rates, controls and restrictions; continued volatility of commodity and other input costs; weakness in economic conditions; weakness in consumer spending; pricing actions; tax matters including changes in tax rates and laws, disagreements with taxing authorities and imposition of new taxes; use of information technology and third party service providers; unanticipated disruptions to our business, such as the malware incident, cyberattacks or other security breaches; global or regional health pandemics or epidemics, including COVID-19; competition; protection of our reputation and brand image; our ability to innovate and differentiate our products; the restructuring program and our other transformation initiatives not yielding the anticipated benefits; changes in the assumptions on which the restructuring program is based; management of our workforce; consolidation of retail customers and competition with retailer and other economy brands; changes in our relationships with suppliers or customers; legal, regulatory, tax or benefit law changes, claims or actions; the impact of climate change on our supply chain and operations; strategic transactions; significant changes in valuation factors that may adversely affect our impairment testing of goodwill and intangible assets; perceived or actual product quality issues or product recalls; failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting; volatility of and access to capital or other markets; pension costs; the expected discontinuance of London Interbank Offered Rates and transition to any other interest rate benchmark; and our ability to protect our intellectual property and intangible assets. We disclaim and do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement in this report except as required by applicable law or regulation.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We use non-GAAP financial information and believe it is useful to investors as it provides additional information to facilitate comparisons of historical operating results, identify trends in our underlying operating results and provide additional insight and transparency on how we evaluate our business. We use non-GAAP financial measures to budget, make operating and strategic decisions and evaluate our performance. We have detailed the non-GAAP adjustments that we make in our non-GAAP definitions below. The adjustments generally fall within the following categories: acquisition & divestiture activities, gains and losses on intangible asset sales and non-cash impairments, major program restructuring activities, constant currency and related adjustments, major program financing and hedging activities and other major items affecting comparability of operating results. We believe the non-GAAP measures should always be considered along with the related U.S. GAAP financial measures. We have provided the reconciliations between the GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures below, and we also discuss our underlying GAAP results throughout our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this Form 10-Q.
Our primary non-GAAP financial measures are listed below and reflect how we evaluate our current and prior-year operating results. As new events or circumstances arise, these definitions could change. When our definitions change, we provide the updated definitions and present the related non-GAAP historical results on a comparable basis (1).
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• | “Organic Net Revenue” is defined as net revenues excluding the impacts of acquisitions, divestitures (2) and currency rate fluctuations (3). We also evaluate Organic Net Revenue growth from emerging markets and developed markets. Our emerging markets include our Latin America region in its entirety; the AMEA region, excluding Australia, New Zealand and Japan; and the following countries from the Europe region: Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, the Baltics and the East Adriatic countries. Our developed markets include the entire North America region, the Europe region excluding the countries included in the emerging markets definition, and Australia, New Zealand and Japan from the AMEA region.

• | “Adjusted Operating Income” is defined as operating income excluding the impacts of the Simplify to Grow Program (4); gains or losses (including non-cash impairment charges) on goodwill and intangible assets; divestiture (2) or acquisition gains or losses and related divestiture (2), acquisition and integration costs (2); the operating results of divestitures (2); remeasurement of net monetary position (5); mark-to-market impacts from commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivative contracts (6); impact from resolution of tax matters (7); CEO transition remuneration (8); impact from pension participation changes (9); Swiss tax reform impacts (10); and costs associated with the JDE Peet's transaction (1). We also present “Adjusted Operating Income margin,” which is subject to the same adjustments as Adjusted Operating Income. We also evaluate growth in our Adjusted Operating Income on a constant currency basis (3).

• | “Adjusted EPS” is defined as diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International from continuing operations excluding the impacts of the items listed in the Adjusted Operating Income definition as well as losses on debt extinguishment and related expenses; gains or losses on equity method investment transactions; net earnings from divestitures (2); gains or losses on interest rate swaps no longer designated as accounting cash flow hedges due to changed financing and hedging plans; and U.S. and Swiss tax reform impacts (10). Similarly, within Adjusted EPS, our equity method investment net earnings exclude our proportionate share of our investees’ unusual or infrequent items (11). We also evaluate growth in our Adjusted EPS on a constant currency basis (3).

(1) | When items no longer impact our current or future presentation of non-GAAP operating results, we remove these items from our non-GAAP definitions. During the second quarter of 2020, we added to the non-GAAP definitions the exclusion of costs associated with the JDE Peet's transaction. Refer to Note 6, Equity Method Investments and Note 14, Income Taxes, for more information on the JDE Peet's transaction.

(2) | Divestitures include completed sales of businesses (including the partial or full sale of an equity method investment) and exits of major product lines upon completion of a sale or licensing agreement. See Note 2, Acquisitions and Divestitures, for information on acquisitions and divestitures impacting the comparability of our results.

(3) | Constant currency operating results are calculated by dividing or multiplying, as appropriate, the current-period local currency operating results by the currency exchange rates used to translate the financial statements in the comparable prior-year period to determine what the current-period U.S. dollar operating results would have been if the currency exchange rate had not changed from the comparable prior-year period.

(4) | Non-GAAP adjustments related to the Simplify to Grow Program reflect costs incurred that relate to the objectives of our program to transform our supply chain network and organizational structure. Costs that do not meet the program objectives are not reflected in the non-GAAP adjustments.

(5) | During the third quarter of 2018, as we began to apply highly inflationary accounting for Argentina (refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation), we excluded the remeasurement gains or losses related to remeasuring net monetary assets or liabilities in Argentina during the period to be consistent with our prior accounting for these remeasurement gains/losses for Venezuela when it was subject to highly inflationary accounting prior to 2016.

(6) | During the third quarter of 2016, we began to exclude unrealized gains and losses (mark-to-market impacts) from outstanding commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivatives from our non-GAAP earnings measures until such time that the related exposures impact our operating results. Since we purchase commodity and forecasted currency transaction contracts to mitigate price volatility primarily for inventory requirements in future periods, we made this adjustment to remove the volatility of these future inventory purchases on current operating results to facilitate comparisons of our underlying operating performance across periods. We also discontinued designating commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivatives for hedge accounting treatment. To facilitate comparisons of our underlying operating results, we have recast all historical non-GAAP earnings measures to exclude the mark-to-market impacts.

(7) | See Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies – Tax Matters, and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for additional information.

(8) | On November 20, 2017, Dirk Van de Put succeeded Irene Rosenfeld as CEO of Mondelēz International in advance of her retirement at the end of March 2018. In order to incent Mr. Van de Put to join us, we provided him compensation with a total combined target value of $42.5 million to make him whole for incentive awards he forfeited or grants that were not made to him when he left his former employer. The compensation we granted took the form of cash, deferred stock units, performance share units and stock options. In connection with Irene Rosenfeld’s retirement, we made her outstanding grants of performance share units for the 2016-2018 and 2017-2019 performance cycles eligible for continued vesting and approved a $0.5 million salary for her service as Chairman from January through March 2018. We refer to these elements of Mr. Van de Put’s and Ms. Rosenfeld’s compensation arrangements together as “CEO transition remuneration.” We are excluding amounts we expense as CEO transition remuneration from our non-GAAP results because those amounts are not part of our regular compensation program and are incremental to amounts we would have incurred as ongoing CEO compensation. As a result, in 2017, we excluded

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amounts expensed for the cash payment to Mr. Van de Put and partial vesting of his equity grants. In 2018, we excluded amounts paid for Ms. Rosenfeld’s service as Chairman and partial vesting of Mr. Van de Put’s and Ms. Rosenfeld’s equity grants. In 2019, we excluded amounts related to the partial vesting of Mr. Van de Put’s equity grants. During the first quarter of 2020, Mr. Van de Put's equity grants became fully vested.

(9) | The impact from pension participation changes represents the charges incurred when employee groups are withdrawn from multiemployer pension plans and other changes in employee group pension plan participation. We exclude these charges from our non-GAAP results because those amounts do not reflect our ongoing pension obligations. See Note 10, Benefit Plans, for more information on the multiemployer pension plan withdrawal.

(10) | We exclude the impact of the 2019 Swiss tax reform and 2017 U.S. tax reform. During the third quarter of 2019, Swiss Federal and Zurich Cantonal tax events drove our recognition of a Swiss tax reform net benefit to our results of operations. On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted tax reform legislation that included a broad range of business tax provisions. We exclude these tax reform impacts from our Adjusted EPS as they do not reflect our ongoing tax obligations under the new tax reforms. Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for more information on the impact of Swiss and U.S. tax reform.

(11) | We have excluded our proportionate share of our equity method investees’ unusual or infrequent items such as acquisition and divestiture related costs, restructuring program costs and discrete U.S. tax reform impacts, in order to provide investors with a comparable view of our performance across periods. Although we have shareholder rights and board representation commensurate with our ownership interests in our equity method investees and review the underlying operating results and unusual or infrequent items with them each reporting period, we do not have direct control over their operations or resulting revenue and expenses. Our use of equity method investment net earnings on an adjusted basis is not intended to imply that we have any such control. Our GAAP “diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International from continuing operations” includes all of the investees’ unusual and infrequent items.

We believe that the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures, when considered together with our U.S. GAAP financial measures and the reconciliations to the corresponding U.S. GAAP financial measures, provides you with a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting our business than could be obtained absent these disclosures. Because non-GAAP financial measures vary among companies, the non-GAAP financial measures presented in this report may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Our use of these non-GAAP financial measures is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any U.S. GAAP financial measure. A limitation of these non-GAAP financial measures is they exclude items detailed below that have an impact on our U.S. GAAP reported results. The best way this limitation can be addressed is by evaluating our non-GAAP financial measures in combination with our U.S. GAAP reported results and carefully evaluating the following tables that reconcile U.S. GAAP reported figures to the non-GAAP financial measures in this Form 10-Q.
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Organic Net Revenue:
Applying the definition of “Organic Net Revenue,” the adjustments made to “net revenues” (the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure) were to exclude the impact of currency, an acquisition and a divestiture. We believe that Organic Net Revenue reflects the underlying growth from the ongoing activities of our business and provides improved comparability of results. We also evaluate our Organic Net Revenue growth from emerging markets and developed markets, and these underlying measures are also reconciled to U.S. GAAP below.

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 |  | For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
| Emerging Markets |  | Developed Markets |  | Total |  | Emerging Markets |  | Developed Markets |  | Total
| (in millions) |  | (in millions)
Net Revenue | $ | 1,917 |  |  | $ | 3,994 |  |  | $ | 5,911 |  |  | $ | 2,272 |  |  | $ | 3,790 |  |  | $ | 6,062 |
Impact of currency | 218 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 283 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Impact of acquisition | — |  |  | (114 | ) |  | (114 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Impact of divestiture | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (22 | ) |  | — |  |  | (22 | )
Organic Net Revenue | $ | 2,135 |  |  | $ | 3,945 |  |  | $ | 6,080 |  |  | $ | 2,250 |  |  | $ | 3,790 |  |  | $ | 6,040 |

| For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
| Emerging Markets |  | Developed Markets |  | Total |  | Emerging Markets |  | Developed Markets |  | Total
| (in millions) |  | (in millions)
Net Revenue | $ | 4,334 |  |  | $ | 8,284 |  |  | $ | 12,618 |  |  | $ | 4,774 |  |  | $ | 7,826 |  |  | $ | 12,600 |
Impact of currency | 382 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 532 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Impact of acquisition | — |  |  | (146 | ) |  | (146 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Impact of divestiture | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (55 | ) |  | — |  |  | (55 | )
Organic Net Revenue | $ | 4,716 |  |  | $ | 8,288 |  |  | $ | 13,004 |  |  | $ | 4,719 |  |  | $ | 7,826 |  |  | $ | 12,545 |

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Adjusted Operating Income:
Applying the definition of “Adjusted Operating Income,” the adjustments made to “operating income” (the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure) were to exclude Simplify to Grow Program; intangible asset impairment charges; mark-to-market impacts from commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivative contracts; acquisition integration costs; acquisition and divestiture-related costs; operating income from a divestiture; net gain on a divestiture; costs associated with the JDE Peet's transaction; the remeasurement of net monetary position; impact from pension participation changes; and CEO transition remuneration. We also evaluate Adjusted Operating Income on a constant currency basis. We believe these measures provide improved comparability of underlying operating results.

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (in millions) |  |
Operating Income | $ | 713 |  |  | $ | 1,025 |  |  | $ | (312 | ) |  | (30.4 | )%
Simplify to Grow Program (1) | 76 |  |  | 83 |  |  | (7 | ) |  |
Intangible asset impairment charges (2) | 90 |  |  | — |  |  | 90 |  |  |
Mark-to-market losses/(gains) from derivatives (3) | 2 |  |  | (33 | ) |  | 35 |  |  |
Acquisition integration costs (4) | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  |
Acquisition-related costs (4) | 10 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |  |  |
Divestiture-related costs (4) | (2 | ) |  | 11 |  |  | (13 | ) |  |
Operating income from divestiture (4) | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 5 |  |  |
Net gain on divestiture (4) | — |  |  | (41 | ) |  | 41 |  |  |
Costs associated with JDE Peet's transaction (5) | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  |
Remeasurement of net monetary position (6) | 3 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 4 |  |  |
Impact from pension participation changes (7) | — |  |  | (35 | ) |  | 35 |  |  |
CEO transition remuneration (8) | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | (3 | ) |  |
Adjusted Operating Income | $ | 942 |  |  | $ | 1,008 |  |  | $ | (66 | ) |  | (6.5 | )%
Unfavorable currency translation | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  |
Adjusted Operating Income (constant currency) | $ | 970 |  |  | $ | 1,008 |  |  | $ | (38 | ) |  | (3.8 | )%

| For the Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
| (in millions) |  |
Operating Income | $ | 1,569 |  |  | $ | 2,061 |  |  | $ | (492 | ) |  | (23.9 | )%
Simplify to Grow Program (1) | 134 |  |  | 153 |  |  | (19 | ) |  |
Intangible asset impairment charges (2) | 90 |  |  | — |  |  | 90 |  |  |
Mark-to-market losses/(gains) from derivatives (3) | 187 |  |  | (49 | ) |  | 236 |  |  |
Acquisition integration costs (4) | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  |
Acquisition-related costs (4) | 15 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 14 |  |  |
Divestiture-related costs (4) | (2 | ) |  | 10 |  |  | (12 | ) |  |
Operating income from divestiture (4) | — |  |  | (9 | ) |  | 9 |  |  |
Net gain on divestiture (4) | — |  |  | (41 | ) |  | 41 |  |  |
Costs associated with JDE Peet's transaction (5) | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  |
Remeasurement of net monetary position (6) | 5 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  |
Impact from pension participation changes (7) | — |  |  | (35 | ) |  | 35 |  |  |
CEO transition remuneration (8) | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | (6 | ) |  |
Adjusted Operating Income | $ | 2,048 |  |  | $ | 2,098 |  |  | $ | (50 | ) |  | (2.4 | )%
Unfavorable currency translation | 74 |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |  |
Adjusted Operating Income (constant currency) | $ | 2,122 |  |  | $ | 2,098 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | 1.1 | %

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(1) | Refer to Note 7, Restructuring Program, for more information.

(2) | Refer to Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for more information.

(3) | Refer to Note 9, Financial Instruments, Note 16, Segment Reporting, and Non-GAAP Financial Measures section for more information on the unrealized gains/losses on commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivatives.

(4) | Refer to Note 2, Acquisitions and Divestitures, for more information on the April 1, 2020 acquisition of a significant majority interest in Give & Go, the July 16, 2019 acquisition of a majority interest in Perfect Snacks and the May 28, 2019 divestiture of most of our cheese business in the Middle East and Africa.

(5) | Refer to Note 6, Equity Method Investments, for more information on the JDE Peet's transaction.

(6) | Refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation – Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting, for information on our application of highly inflationary accounting for Argentina.

(7) | Refer to Note 10, Benefit Plans, for more information.

(8) | Refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures definition and related table notes.

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Adjusted EPS:
Applying the definition of “Adjusted EPS,” (1) the adjustments made to “diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International” (the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure) were to exclude the impacts of the items listed in the Adjusted Operating Income tables above as well as a loss related to interest rate swaps; gains or losses on equity method investment transactions; and our proportionate share of unusual or infrequent items recorded by our JDE and KDP equity method investees. We also evaluate Adjusted EPS on a constant currency basis. We believe Adjusted EPS provides improved comparability of underlying operating results.

| For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | (0.17 | ) |  | (30.9 | )%
Simplify to Grow Program (2) | 0.04 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  |
Intangible asset impairment charges (2) | 0.05 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.05 |  |  |
Mark-to-market losses/(gains) from derivatives (2) | — |  |  | (0.02 | ) |  | 0.02 |  |  |
Acquisition-related costs (2) | 0.01 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |
Divestiture-related costs (2) | — |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  |
Net earnings from divestiture (2) | — |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  | 0.01 |  |  |
Net gain on divestiture (2) | — |  |  | (0.03 | ) |  | 0.03 |  |  |
Costs associated with JDE Peet's transaction (2) | 0.21 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.21 |  |  |
Impact from pension participation changes (2) | — |  |  | (0.02 | ) |  | 0.02 |  |  |
(Gain)/loss on equity method investment transactions (3) | (0.08 | ) |  | 0.02 |  |  | (0.10 | ) |  |
Equity method investee acquisition-related or other charges/(benefits), net (4) | 0.02 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |
Adjusted EPS | $ | 0.63 |  |  | $ | 0.56 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | 12.5 | %
Unfavorable currency translation | 0.02 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |
Adjusted EPS (constant currency) | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | 0.56 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | 16.1 | %

| For the Six Months Ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International | $ | 0.89 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |  |  | $ | (0.32 | ) |  | (26.4 | )%
Simplify to Grow Program (2) | 0.07 |  |  | 0.08 |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  |
Intangible asset impairment charges (2) | 0.05 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.05 |  |  |
Mark-to-market losses/(gains) from derivatives (2) | 0.11 |  |  | (0.03 | ) |  | 0.14 |  |  |
Acquisition-related costs (2) | 0.01 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |
Divestiture-related costs (2) | — |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  |
Net earnings from divestiture (2) | — |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  | 0.01 |  |  |
Net gain on divestiture (2) | — |  |  | (0.03 | ) |  | 0.03 |  |  |
Costs associated with JDE Peet's transaction (2) | 0.21 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.21 |  |  |
Impact from pension participation changes (2) | — |  |  | (0.02 | ) |  | 0.02 |  |  |
CEO transition remuneration (2) | — |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  |
Loss related to interest rate swaps (5) | 0.06 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.06 |  |  |
(Gain)/loss on equity method investment transactions (3) | (0.12 | ) |  | 0.01 |  |  | (0.13 | ) |  |
Equity method investee acquisition-related or other charges/(benefits), net (4) | 0.02 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | — |  |  |
Adjusted EPS | $ | 1.30 |  |  | $ | 1.25 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | 4.0 | %
Unfavorable currency translation | 0.05 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.05 |  |  |
Adjusted EPS (constant currency) | $ | 1.35 |  |  | $ | 1.25 |  |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | 8.0 | %

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(1) | The tax expense/(benefit) of each of the pre-tax items excluded from our GAAP results was computed based on the facts and tax assumptions associated with each item, and such impacts have also been excluded from Adjusted EPS.

• | For the three months ended June 30, 2020, taxes for the: Simplify to Grow Program were $(20) million, intangible asset impairment charges were $(21) million, acquisition-related costs were $(2) million, costs associated with the JDE Peet's transaction were $261 million and equity method investee and other adjustments were $(7) million.

• | For the three months ended June 30, 2019, taxes for the: Simplify to Grow Program were $(19) million, mark-to-market gains from derivatives were $3 million, divestiture-related costs were $(1) million, net gain on divestiture were $3 million, impact from pension participation changes were $9 million, net loss on equity method investment transactions were $2 million and equity method investee and other adjustments were $(3) million.

• | For the six months ended June 30, 2020, taxes for the: Simplify to Grow Program were $(33) million, intangible asset impairment charges were $(21) million, mark-to-market losses from derivatives were $(32) million, acquisition-related costs were $(3) million, costs associated with the JDE Peet's transaction were $261 million, loss related to interest rate swaps were $(24) million, gain on equity method investment transactions were $17 million and equity method investee and other adjustments were $(8) million.

• | For the six months ended June 30, 2019, taxes for the: Simplify to Grow Program were $(38) million, mark-to-market gains from derivatives were $6 million, divestiture-related costs were $(1) million, net earnings from divestiture were $1 million, gain on divestiture were $3 million, impact from pension participation changes were $9 million, CEO transition remuneration were zero, net loss on equity method investment transaction were $7 million and equity method investee and other adjustments were $(7) million.

(2) | See the Adjusted Operating Income table above and the related footnotes for more information.

(3) | Refer to Note 6, Equity Method Investments, for more information on the gains on equity method investment transactions.

(4) | Includes our proportionate share of unusual or infrequent items, such as acquisition and divestiture-related costs and restructuring program costs, recorded by our JDE and KDP equity method investees.

(5) | Refer to Note 9, Financial Instruments, for information on our interest rate swaps that we no longer designate as cash flow hedges.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
As we operate globally, we are primarily exposed to currency exchange rate, commodity price and interest rate market risks. We monitor and manage these exposures as part of our overall risk management program. Our risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to reduce the potentially adverse effects that the volatility of these markets may have on our operating results.
During 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic and related global response significantly impacted economic activity and markets around the world. National and local governments imposed preventative or protective restrictions on travel and business operations and advised or required citizens to remain at home. Temporary closures of businesses were ordered and numerous other businesses temporarily closed voluntarily. The impact of the global pandemic and response has had a material unfavorable impact on global markets, including commodity, currency and capital markets. While some of these markets such as the U.S. and other major stock markets and certain currencies have rebounded significantly in the second quarter of 2020, these markets are likely to continue to remain volatile while the situation continues. An economic or credit crisis could occur and impair credit availability and our ability to raise capital when needed. A disruption in the financial markets may have a negative effect on our derivative counterparties and could impair our banking or other business partners, on whom we rely for access to capital and as counterparties for a number of our derivative contracts. We are actively working to mitigate these risks and we largely employed existing strategies that are described below to mitigate these market risks related to currency, commodity and interest rate risks.
We principally utilize derivative instruments to reduce significant, unanticipated earnings fluctuations that may arise from volatility in currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates. For additional information on our derivative activity and the types of derivative instruments we use to hedge our currency exchange, commodity price and interest rate exposures, see Note 9, Financial Instruments.
Many of our non-U.S. subsidiaries operate in functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates create volatility in our reported results as we translate the balance sheets, operating results and cash flows of these subsidiaries into the U.S. dollar for consolidated reporting purposes. The translation of non-U.S. dollar denominated balance sheets and statements of earnings of our subsidiaries into the U.S. dollar for consolidated reporting generally results in a cumulative translation adjustment to other comprehensive income within equity. A stronger U.S. dollar relative to other functional currencies adversely affects our consolidated earnings and net assets while a weaker U.S. dollar benefits our consolidated earnings and net assets. While we hedge significant forecasted currency exchange transactions as well as certain net assets of non-U.S. operations and other currency impacts, we cannot fully predict or eliminate volatility arising from changes in currency exchange rates on our consolidated financial results. See Consolidated Results of Operations and Results of Operations by Reportable Segment under Discussion and Analysis of Historical Results for currency exchange effects on our financial results during the six months ended June 30, 2020. Throughout our discussion and analysis of results, we isolate currency impacts and supplementally provide net revenues, operating income and diluted earnings per share on a constant currency basis. For additional information on the impact of currency policies, recent currency devaluations and highly inflationary accounting on our financial condition and results of operations, also see Note 1, Basis of Presentation – Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting.
We also continually monitor the market for commodities that we use in our products. Input costs may fluctuate widely due to international demand, weather conditions, government policy and regulation and unforeseen conditions such as the current COVID-19 global pandemic. To manage input cost volatility, we enter into forward purchase agreements and other derivative financial instruments. We also pursue productivity and cost saving measures and take pricing actions when necessary to mitigate the impact of higher input costs on earnings.
We regularly evaluate our variable and fixed-rate debt as well as current and expected interest rates in the markets in which we raise capital. Our primary exposures include movements in U.S. Treasury rates, corporate credit spreads, commercial paper rates as well as limited debt tied to London Interbank Offered Rates (“LIBOR”). The Financial Conduct Authority in the United Kingdom plans to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. We do not anticipate a significant impact to our financial position from the planned phase out of LIBOR given our current mix of variable and fixed-rate debt. We periodically use interest rate swaps and forward interest rate contracts to achieve a desired proportion of variable versus fixed rate debt based on current and projected market conditions. For more information on our 2020 debt activity, see Note 8, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements.
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Due to the current uncertainty in the global markets related to the COVID-19 outbreak, as a precautionary measure and to preserve financial flexibility, we increased our credit facility borrowing capacity. Refer to Note 8, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements, for additional details. As discussed further in Liquidity and Capital Resources, we also continue to utilize other short- and longer-term financing arrangements.
See Note 9, Financial Instruments, for more information on our 2020 derivative activity. For additional information on our hedging strategies, policies and practices on an ongoing basis, also refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We have established disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management, together with our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2020. Based on this evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2020.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management, together with our CEO and CFO, evaluated the changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2020. Many of our employees and those of our outsourcing partners and other accounting service providers continued to work remotely as a significant number of our and their offices were closed in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. There were no material changes in our internal controls over financial reporting as we were able to continue to maintain our existing controls and procedures over our financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2020.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
Information regarding legal proceedings is available in Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies, to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this report.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There were no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity and Use of Proceeds.
Our stock repurchase activity for each of the three months in the quarter ended June 30, 2020 was:

| Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share (1) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2) |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)(3)
April 1-30, 2020 | 4,111 |  |  | $ | 51.78 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 2,450 |
May 1-31, 2020 | 6,844 |  |  | 50.83 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,450 |
June 1-30, 2020 | 14,628 |  |  | 51.14 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,450 |
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2020 | 25,583 |  |  | 51.16 |  |  | — |  |  |

(1) | The total number of shares purchased (and the average price paid per share) reflects: (i) shares purchased pursuant to the repurchase program described in (2) below; and (ii) shares tendered to us by employees who used shares to exercise options and to pay the related taxes for grants of deferred stock that vested, totaling 4,111 shares, 6,844 shares and 14,628 shares for the fiscal months of April, May and June 2020, respectively.

(2) | Our Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of $19.7 billion of our Common Stock through December 31, 2020. Specifically, on March 12, 2013, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to the lesser of 40 million shares or $1.2 billion of our Common Stock through March 12, 2016. On August 6, 2013, our Audit Committee, with authorization delegated from our Board of Directors, increased the repurchase program capacity to $6.0 billion of Common Stock repurchases and extended the expiration date to December 31, 2016. On December 3, 2013, our Board of Directors approved an increase of $1.7 billion to the program related to a new accelerated share repurchase program, which concluded in May 2014. On July 29, 2015, our Finance Committee, with authorization delegated from our Board of Directors, approved a $6.0 billion increase that raised the repurchase program capacity to $13.7 billion and extended the program through December 31, 2018. On January 31, 2018, our Finance Committee, with authorization delegated from our Board of Directors, approved an increase of $6.0 billion in the share repurchase program, raising the authorization to $19.7 billion of Common Stock repurchases, and extended the program through December 31, 2020. See related information in Note 11, Stock Plans.

(3) | Dollar values stated in millions.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit Number |  | Description
4.1 |  | The Registrant agrees to furnish to the SEC upon request copies of any instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the Registrant and its consolidated subsidiaries that does not exceed 10 percent of the total assets of the Registrant and its consolidated subsidiaries.
4.2 |  | Supplemental Indenture No. 2, dated April 13, 2020, between Mondelēz International, Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 13, 2020).
10.1 |  | First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated April 1, 2020, among Mondelēz International, Inc., BNP Paribas, as Augmenting Lender and Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent.
10.2 |  | Investor Rights Agreement between Acorn Holdings B.V., Mondelez Coffee HoldCo B.V. and JDE Peet’s B.V., dated May 25, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 2, 2020).
10.3 |  | Letter Agreement between Mondelez Coffee HoldCo B.V., Acorn Holdings B.V., Delta Charger HoldCo B.V., JDE Minority Holdings B.V. and JACOBS DOUWE EGBERTS B.V., dated May 30, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 2, 2020).
18.1 |  | Letter of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, dated July 28, 2020, relating to Change in Accounting Principle.
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.1 |  | Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 |  | The following materials from Mondelēz International’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 are formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 |  | The cover page from Mondelēz International’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).

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Signature
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

MONDELĒZ INTERNATIONAL, INC.
By: /s/ LUCA ZARAMELLA
Luca Zaramella
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
(Duly Authorized Officer)
July 28, 2020

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