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Financial risk management | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2024
Notes and other explanatory information [abstract] |
Financial risk management |
| 27. | Financial risk management
The Company is exposed to a variety of risks arising from its operations, including price risk (related to crude oil and oil products prices), foreign exchange rates risk, interest rates risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. To manage market and financial risks, the Company prefers structuring measures through adequate capital and leverage management. The Company presents a sensitivity analysis of factors relating to its corporate risk management process. The reasonably possible and remote scenarios are related to events with low and very low probability of occurrence, respectively. The period of application of the sensitivity analysis is one year, except for operations with commodity derivatives, for which a three-month period is applied, due to the short-term nature of these transactions.
| 27.1. | Derivative financial instruments
Assets and liabilities
Schedule of assets and liabilities |  |
| 06.30.2024 | 12.31.2023
Fair value Asset Position (Liability) |  |
Open derivatives transactions | (79) | 20
Closed derivatives transactions awaiting financial settlement | 6 | 10
Recognized in Statements of Financial Position | (73) | 30
Other assets (note 16) | 76 | 92
Other liabilities (note 16) | (149) | (62)
The following table presents the details of the open derivative financial instruments held by the Company as of June 30, 2024, and represents its risk exposure:
Schedule of statement financial position |  |  |  |  |
|  | Statement of Financial Position
|  |  |  | Fair value |
| Notional value | Asset Position (Liability) | Maturity
| 06.30.2024 | 12.31.2023 | 06.30.2024 | 12.31.2023 |
Derivatives not designated for hedge accounting |  |  |  |  |
Future contracts - total (1) | 5,121 | (1,053) | 3 | 1 |
Long position/Crude oil and oil products | 14,423 | 2,527 | − | - | 2024
Short position/Crude oil and oil products | (9,302) | (3,580) | − | - | 2024
Swap (2) |  |  |  |  | −
Long position/ Soybean oil | 4 | − | - | − | 2024
Short position/ Soybean oil | - | (1) | - | − | 2024
Forward contracts (3) |  |  |  |  |
Short position/Foreign currency forwards (BRL/USD) | (15) | (1) | − | - | 2024
Swap (3) |  |  |  | − |
Swap - CDI X IPCA | R$ 3,008 | R$ 3,008 | 42 | 68 | 2029/2034
Foreign currency / Cross-currency Swap (3) | US$ 729 | US$ 729 | (124) | (49) | 2024/2029
Total open derivative transactions |  |  | (79) | 20 |
(1) | Notional value in thousands of bbl.
(2) | Notional value in thousands of tons.
(3) | Amounts in US$ and R$ are presented in million.
Profit or loss
Schedule of statement profit loss |  |  |  |
Gains/ (losses) recognized in the statement of income
| Jan-Jun/2024 | Jan-Jun/2023 | Apr-Jun/2024 | Apr-Jun/2023
Commodity derivatives |  |  |  |
Other commodity derivative transactions - Note 27.2.1 (a) | 24 | 69 | 19 | (10)
Recognized in Other Income and Expenses | 24 | 69 | 19 | (10)
Currency derivatives |  |  |  |
Swap CDI x Dollar - Note 27.2.2 (b) | (62) | 78 | (61) | 62
Others | − | − | − | 1
| (62) | 78 | (61) | 63
Interest rate derivatives |  |  |  |
Swap - CDI X IPCA | (41) | 47 | (21) | 40
| (41) | 47 | (21) | 40
Cash flow hedge on exports -Note 27.2.2 (a) | (1,297) | (2,232) | (600) | (1,078)
Recognized in Net finance income (expense) | (1,400) | (2,107) | (682) | (975)
Total open derivative transactions | (1,376) | (2,038) | (663) | (985)
Comprehensive income
Schedule of statement comprehensive income |  |  |  |
Gains/ (losses) recognized in other comprehensive income
| Jan-Jun/2024 | Jan-Jun/2023 | Apr-Jun/2024 | Apr-Jun/2023
Cash flow hedge on exports - Note 27.2.2 (a) | (7,352) | 7,104 | (6,027) | 4,482
Collateral
Schedule of guarantees collateral |  |  |  |
Guarantees given as collateral
|  |  | 06.30.2024 | 12.31.2023
Commodity derivatives |  |  | 55 | 18
| 27.2. | Market risks
| 27.2.1. | Risk management of products prices
The Company is exposed to commodity price cycles, and it may use derivative instruments to hedge exposures related to prices of products purchased and sold to fulfill operational needs and in specific circumstances depending on business environment analysis and assessment of whether the targets of the Strategic Plan are being met.
| a) | Other commodity derivative transactions
Petrobras, by use of its assets, positions and market knowledge from its operations in Brazil and abroad, may seek to optimize some of its commercial operations in the international market, with the use of commodity derivatives to manage price risk.
| b) | Sensitivity analysis of commodity derivatives
The probable scenario uses market references, used in pricing models for oil, oil products and natural gas markets, and considers the closing price of the asset on June 30, 2024. Therefore, no variation is considered arising from outstanding operations in this scenario. The reasonably possible and remote scenarios reflect the potential effects on the statement of income from outstanding transactions, considering a variation in the closing price of 20% and 40%, respectively. To simulate the most unfavorable scenarios, the variation was applied to each asset according to open transactions: price decrease for long positions and increase for short positions.
Schedule of derivative financial instruments different types of market risks |  |  |  |
Financial Instruments | Risk | Probable Scenario | Reasonably possible scenario | Remote Scenario
Derivatives not designated for hedge accounting |  |  |  |
Future and forward contracts | Crude oil and oil products - price changes | - | (61) | (122)
Future and forward contracts | Soybean oil - price changes | - | (1) | (2)
Option | Soybean oil | - | - | -
Forward contracts | Foreign currency - depreciation BRL x USD | - | (3) | (4)
|  | − | (65) | (128)
| 27.2.2. | Foreign exchange risk management
| a) | Cash Flow Hedge involving the Company’s future exports
The carrying amounts, the fair value as of June 30, 2024, and a schedule of expected reclassifications to the statement of income of cumulative losses recognized in other comprehensive income (shareholders’ equity) based on a US$ 1.00 / R$ 5.5589 exchange rate are set out below:
Schedule of present value of hedging instrument notional value |  |  |  |  |
|  | Present value of hedging instrument notional value at 06.30.2024
Hedging Instrument | Hedged Transactions | Nature of the Risk | Maturity Date | US$ million | R$ million
Foreign exchange gains and losses on proportion of non-derivative financial instruments cash flows | Foreign exchange gains and losses of highly probable future monthly exports revenues | Foreign Currency – Real vs U.S. Dollar Spot Rate | July 2024 to June 2034 | 62,660 | 348,322
Schedule of hedging instrument notional value |  |
Changes in the present value of hedging instrument notional value | US$ million | R$ million
Amounts designated as of December 31, 2023 | 65,138 | 315,350
Additional hedging relationships designated, designations revoked and hedging instruments re-designated | 7,159 | 36,488
Exports affecting the statement of income | (5,362) | (27,001)
Principal repayments / amortization | (4,275) | (21,881)
Foreign exchange variation | - | 45,366
Amounts designated as of June 30, 2024 | 62,660 | 348,322
Nominal value of hedging instrument (finance debt and lease liability) at June 30, 2024 | 80,571 | 447,888
In the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, the Company recognized a US$ 90 loss within foreign exchange gains (losses) due to ineffectiveness (a US$ 228 gain in the same period of 2023). The average ratio of future exports for which cash flow hedge accounting was designated to the highly probable future exports is 55.12%. A roll-forward schedule of cumulative foreign exchange losses recognized in other comprehensive income as of June 30, 2024 is set out below:
Schedule of cumulative foreign exchange losses recognized |  |  |
| Exchange rate variation | Tax effect | Total
Balance at December 31, 2023 | (18,210) | 6,190 | (12,020)
Recognized in Other comprehensive income | (8,649) | 2,941 | (5,708)
Reclassified to the statement of income - occurred exports | 1,297 | (442) | 855
Balance at June 30, 2024 | (25,562) | 8,689 | (16,873)
| Exchange rate variation | Tax effect | Total
Balance at December 31, 2022 | (26,527) | 9,020 | (17,507)
Recognized in Other comprehensive income | 4,872 | (1,657) | 3,215
Reclassified to the statement of income - occurred exports | 2,232 | (760) | 1,472
Balance at June 30, 2023 | (19,423) | 6,603 | (12,820)
Additional hedging relationships may be revoked or additional reclassification adjustments from equity to the statement of income may occur as a result of changes in forecasted export prices and export volumes following a revision of the Company’s strategic plan. Based on a sensitivity analysis considering a US$ 10/barrel decrease in Brent prices stress scenario, when compared to the Brent price projections in the Strategic Plan 2024-2028, would not indicate a reclassification from equity to the statement of income. A schedule of expected reclassification of cumulative foreign exchange losses recognized in other comprehensive income to the statement of income as of June 30, 2024, before tax effect, is set out below:
Schedule of reclassification of cumulative foreign exchange losses recognized |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 onwards | Total
Expected realization | (3,459) | (4,743) | (4,392) | (4,634) | (3,360) | (4,974) | (25,562)
| b) | Information on ongoing contracts
As of June 30, 2024, the Company has outstanding swap contracts - IPCA x CDI and CDI x Dollar. Swap contracts – IPCA x CDI and CDI x Dollar In September 2019, Petrobras contracted a cross currency swap aiming to protect against exposure arising from the 7th issuance of debentures, for IPCA x CDI operations, maturing in September 2029 and September 2034, and US$ 240 for CDI x U.S. Dollar operations, maturing in September 2024 and September 2029. In July 2023, the 1st repurchase plan for these debentures was closed. During the term of this plan, which started in July 2022, only an immaterial amount of this debt had been effectively repurchased. Thus, the position in this swap remains unchanged. Changes in interest rate forward curves (CDI interest rate) may affect the Company's results, due to the market value of these swap contracts. In preparing a sensitivity analysis for these curves, a parallel shock on this curve was estimated based on the average maturity of these swap contracts, in the scope of the Company’s Risk Management Policy. For reasonably possible and remote scenarios, parallel shocks of 40% and 80% were applied to the interest rate forward curves, which resulted in effects of 496 b.p. and 992 b.p., respectively, on the estimated interest rates. The effects of this sensitivity analysis, keeping all other variables remaining constant, are shown in the following table:
Schedule of sensitivity analysis, keeping all other variables remaining constant |  |
| Reasonably possible scenario | Remote scenario
SWAP Exchange rate (IPCA x USD) | (10) | (20)
The methodology used to calculate the fair value of this swap operation consists of calculating the future value of the operations, using rates agreed in each contract and the projections of the interest rate curves, IPCA coupon and foreign exchange coupon, discounting to present value using the risk-free rate. Curves are obtained from Bloomberg based on forward contracts traded in stock exchanges. The mark-to-market is adjusted to the credit risk of the counterparts, which effect is immaterial.
| c) | Sensitivity analysis for foreign exchange risk on financial instruments
The sensitivity analysis of foreign exchange risk presented in the table below is carried out for a twelve-month term. The probable scenario is computed based on external data, while the reasonably possible and remote scenarios considers 20% and 40% changes in the foreign exchange rates prevailing on June 30, 2024, respectively, except for assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries, when transacted in a currency equivalent to their respective functional currencies. This analysis only covers the exchange rate variation and maintains all other variables constant.
Schedule of sensitivity analysis for foreign exchange risk on financial instruments |  |  |  |  |
Risk | Financial Instruments | Exposure at 06.30.2024 | Probable Scenario (1) | Reasonably possible scenario | Remote Scenario
Dollar/Real | Assets | 11,548 | (829) | 2,310 | 4,619
| Liabilities | (107,587) | 7,720 | (21,517) | (43,034)
| Exchange rate - Cross currency swap | (541) | 39 | (108) | (216)
| Cash flow hedge on exports | 62,660 | (4,496) | 12,532 | 25,064
| Total | (33,920) | 2,434 | (6,783) | (13,567)
Euro/Dollar | Assets | 1,489 | 37 | 298 | 595
| Liabilities | (2,063) | (52) | (412) | (825)
| Total | (574) | (15) | (114) | (230)
Pound/Dollar | Assets | 1,555 | 30 | 311 | 622
| Liabilities | (3,060) | (59) | (612) | (1,224)
| Total | (1,505) | (29) | (301) | (602)
Pound/Real | Assets | 1 | − | − | −
| Liabilities | (36) | 2 | (7) | (14)
| Total | (35) | 2 | (7) | (14)
Euro/Real | Assets | 4 | − | 1 | 2
| Liabilities | (17) | 1 | (3) | (7)
| Total | (13) | 1 | (2) | (5)
Peso/Dollar | Assets | 15 | (5) | (2) | (4)
| Total | 15 | (5) | (2) | (4)
Total at June 30, 2024 | (36,032) | 2,388 | (7,209) | (14,422)
(1) | At June 30, 2024, the probable scenario was computed based on the following risks: R$ x U.S. dollar - a 7.18% appreciation of the real; peso x U.S. dollar - a 60.7% depreciation of the peso; euro x dollar: a 2.7% appreciation of the euro; pound sterling x U.S. dollar - a 2.07% appreciation of the pound sterling; real x euro: a 4.7% depreciation of the real; real x pound sterling - a 5.3% depreciation of the real;. Source: Focus and Thomson Reuters.
| 27.2.3. | Interest rate risk management
The Company considers that interest rate risk does not create a significant exposure and therefore, preferably does not use derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk, except for specific situations faced by certain subsidiaries of Petrobras. The sensitivity analysis of interest rate risk presented in the table below is carried out for a twelve-month term. Amounts referring to reasonably possible and remote scenarios mean the total floating interest expense if there is a variation of 40% and 80% in these interest rates, respectively, maintaining all other variables constant. The following table presents the amounts to be disbursed by Petrobras with the payment of interest related to debts with floating interest rates at June 30, 2024:
Schedule of interest rate risk management |  |  |  |
Risk |  | Probable Scenario (1) | Reasonably possible scenario | Remote Scenario
LIBOR 6M |  | 4 | 5 | 5
SOFR 3M (2) |  | 109 | 141 | 173
SOFR 6M (2) |  | 106 | 126 | 146
SOFR O/N (2) |  | 251 | 351 | 452
CDI |  | 208 | 291 | 374
TR |  | 5 | 7 | 9
TJLP |  | 55 | 77 | 99
IPCA |  | 94 | 132 | 170
|  | 832 | 1,130 | 1,428
(1) | The probable scenario was calculated considering the quotations of currencies and floating rates to which the debts are indexed.
(2) | It represents the Secured Overnight Financing Rate.
| 27.3. | Liquidity risk management
The possibility of a shortage of cash to settle the Company’s obligations on the agreed dates is managed by the Company. The Company mitigates its liquidity risk by defining reference parameters for treasury management and by periodically analyzing the risks associated to the projected cash flow, quantifying its main risks through Monte Carlo simulations. These risks include oil prices, exchange rates, gasoline and diesel international prices, among others. In this way, the Company is able to predict cash needs for its operational continuity and for the execution of its strategic plan. In this context, even these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements presenting a negative net working capital, management believes it does not compromise its liquidity. Additionally, the Company maintains revolving credit facilities contracted as a liquidity reserve to be used in adverse scenarios (see note 24.5). The Company regularly assesses market conditions and may enter into transactions to repurchase its own securities or those of its subsidiaries, through a variety of means, including tender offers, make whole exercises and open market repurchases, since they are in line with the Company's liability management strategy, in order to improve its debt repayment profile and cost of debt. The maturity schedules for the Company’s undiscounted finance debt and lease liability are presented in note 24.4 and 25, respectively.
| 27.4. | Fair value of financial assets and liabilities
Schedule of fair value of financial assets and liabilities |  |  |  |
| Level I | Level II | Level III | Total fair value recorded
Assets |  |  |  |
Commodity derivatives | 3 | - | - | 3
Interest rate derivatives | - | 42 | - | 42
Balance at June 30, 2024 | 3 | 42 | - | 45
Balance at December 31, 2023 | 1 | 68 | − | 69
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Foreign currency derivatives | - | (124) | - | (124)
Balance at June 30, 2024 | − | (124) | - | (124)
Balance at December 31, 2023 | − | (49) | − | (49)
The fair value of other financial assets and liabilities is presented in the respective notes: 3 – Marketable securities; 9 – Trade and other receivables; and 24 – Finance debt (estimated amount). The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, current debt and other financial assets and liabilities are equivalent or do not differ significantly from their carrying amounts.

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