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Effect of New Accounting Pronouncements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract] |
Effect of New Accounting Pronouncements |
2. | Effect of New Accounting Pronouncements
Hedge Accounting In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The new guidance amends the hedge accounting model in the current guidance to enable entities to better portray the economics of their risk management activities in the financial statements and enhance the transparency and understandability of hedge results. The new guidance requires revised tabular disclosures that focus on the effect of hedge accounting by income statement line and the disclosure of the cumulative basis adjustments to the hedged assets and liabilities in fair value hedges. Certain additional disclosures are also required for hedge relationships designated under the last-of-layer method. The current guidance that requires entities to disclose hedge ineffectiveness has been eliminated because this amount will no longer be separately measured. Under the new guidance, entities will apply the amendments to cash flow and net investment hedge relationships that exist on the date of adoption using a modified retrospective approach (i.e., with a cumulative effect adjustment recorded to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the initial application date). The new guidance also provides transition relief to make it easier for entities to apply certain amendments to existing hedges (including fair value hedges) where the hedge documentation needs to be modified. The presentation and disclosure requirements will be applied prospectively. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those periods. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period or annual year before the effective date. If the guidance is early adopted in an interim period, any adjustments would be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. We are currently assessing the impact that adopting this new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements. Presentation of Net Periodic Pension and Postretirement Benefit Cost In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. The new guidance requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. It also requires the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations, if one is presented. An entity will apply the new guidance retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the consolidated statement of earnings. The new guidance allows a practical expedient that permits an employer to use the amounts disclosed in its pension and other postretirement benefit plan note for the prior comparative periods as the estimation basis for applying the retrospective presentation requirements. The new guidance is effective in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of this guidance will have no impact on our consolidated net earnings. The presentation in our consolidated statement of earnings will reflect a change in compensation expense offset by an equal change in operating expense for each period presented. See Note 12 to these 2017 consolidated financial statements for details on our net periodic pension benefit cost. Business Combinations In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The new guidance clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding information to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill and consolidation. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. Management does not anticipate that this new guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption. Intangibles - Goodwill and Other In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The new guidance eliminates Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Instead, the updated guidance requires an entity to perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, and recognizing a non-cash impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value with the loss not exceeding the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The new guidance is effective beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted, and will be applied on a prospective basis. The new guidance currently has no impact on our consolidated financial statements; however, we will evaluate the impact of this updated guidance on future annual or interim goodwill impairment tests performed. Leases In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Under this new accounting guidance, an entity is required to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on its balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. This new guidance offers specific accounting guidance for a lessee, a lessor and sale and leaseback transactions. Lessees and lessors are required to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about leasing arrangements to enable a user of the financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This new guidance is effective for first quarter 2019, and requires a modified retrospective adoption, with early adoption permitted. Under the modified retrospective approach, lessees are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented. In addition, the modified retrospective approach includes a number of optional practical expedients that entities may elect to apply. These practical expedients relate to the identification and classification of leases that commenced before the effective date, initial direct costs for leases that commenced before the effective date and the ability to use hindsight in evaluating lessee options to extend or terminate a lease or to purchase the underlying asset. While we are continuing to assess all potential impacts of the new guidance, we anticipate this guidance will have an impact on our consolidated financial statements. We currently believe the most significant impact relates to our real estate operating leases and the related recognition of right-of-useassets and lease liabilities in both noncurrent assets and noncurrent liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet. See Note 15 to these 2017 consolidated financial statements for details on our current lease arrangements. Stock Compensation In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting (ASU 2017-09). This new accounting guidance provides information about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. ASU 2017-09 is effective for financial statements issued for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years. Earlier application is permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of this new guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements as we historically have not made changes to the terms or conditions of an outstanding share-based payment award. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASU 2016-09). This new accounting guidance requires that companies recognize the excess income tax effects of awards in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled, rather than recognizing the tax benefits in excess of compensation costs through stockholders’ equity. ASU 2016-09 provides that this requirement be applied prospectively. As it relates to forfeitures, the guidance allows for companies to choose whether to continue to estimate forfeitures or account for forfeitures as they occur. This new guidance was effective in first quarter 2017 and has been applied by us. Due to the adoption of the new guidance, we recognized the income tax benefit of stock based awards that vested or were settled in the year ended December 31, 2017 of $15.1 million in our consolidated statement of earnings. The income tax benefit of stock based awards that vested or were settled in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $6.5 million and $5.3 million, respectively, that was recognized in our consolidated stockholders’ equity. Additionally, our consolidated statement of cash flows now presents excess tax benefits as an operating activity, rather than as a financing activity, applied prospectively. Finally, we elected to continue to estimate forfeitures based on historical data and recognize forfeitures over the vesting period of the award. Cash Receipts and Cash Payments In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, (ASU 2016-15). The amendments in ASU 2016-15 address eight specific cash flow issues and apply to all entities that are required to present a statement of cash flows under ASC 230, Statement of Cash Flows. This new guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We early adopted this guidance in first quarter 2017. The adoption of this guidance resulted in a change to our classification whereby contingent payments on acquisitions that are up to the acquisition date fair value have been presented in financing activities and those payments in excess of the acquisition date fair value have been presented in operating activities. Historically these payments have all been included in investing activities. Accordingly, in our 2016 consolidated statement of cash flows, we reclassified $22.8 million and $45.5 million of payments from investing activities to operating activities and financing activities, respectively, to conform to the current year presentation. In our 2015 consolidated statement of cash flows, we reclassified $12.1 million and $21.8 million of payments from investing activities to operating activities and financing activities, respectively, to conform to the current year presentation. The modifications can be seen in our statement of cash flows. Income Taxes In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory. This new accounting guidance allows entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Current guidance does not allow recognition until the asset has been sold to an outside party. This new guidance is effective beginning on January 1, 2018 and is to be applied on a modified retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. Management believes that the adoption of this new guidance will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Restricted Cash In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. This new accounting guidance addresses the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows under Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows. This guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. We early adopted this guidance in fourth quarter 2017. The adoption of this new guidance changed the presentation in our consolidated statement of cash flows as we now show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. Previously, the net change in restricted cash was reported as an operating activity and cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash was not presented net of restricted cash. In our 2016 consolidated statement of cash flows, the adoption of ASU 2016-18 resulted in an increase to net cash provided by operating activities of $50.3 million and a decrease to cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash of $15.6 million. These changes resulted in a change of $85.9 million to the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. In our 2015 consolidated statement of cash flows, the adoption of ASU 2016-18 resulted in an increase to net cash provided by operating activities of $45.6 million and a decrease to cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash of $58.8 million. These changes resulted in a change of $59.9 million to the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. The modifications can be seen in our statement of cash flows. The following is a reconciliation of our December 31 cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balances as presented in the consolidated statement of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 (in millions):
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 681.2 |  |  | $ | 545.5 |  |  | $ | 480.4 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 1,623.8 |  |  |  | 1,392.1 |  |  |  | 1,412.1 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | $ | 2,305.0 |  |  | $ | 1,937.6 |  |  | $ | 1,892.5 |
Revenue Recognition In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as a new ASC Topic 606, which will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The core principal of the new accounting guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Amendments to ASC Topic 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs, require the capitalization of costs to obtain and costs to fulfill customer contracts, which are currently expensed as incurred. The guidance also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. The new guidance is effective for us in first quarter 2018. Two methods of transition are permitted upon adoption; full retrospective and modified retrospective. Under the full retrospective method, prior periods would be restated under the new revenue standard, providing a comparable view across all periods presented. Under the modified retrospective method, prior periods would not be restated. Rather, revenues and other disclosures for pre-2018 periods would be provided in the notes to the financial statements as previously reported under the current revenue standard. We adopted ASC Topic 606 as of January 1, 2018, using the full retrospective method to restate each prior reporting period presented. An assessment to determine the impacts of the new accounting standard has been performed. We implemented new accounting and operational processes which were a result of the new guidance and analyzed the impact of these changes. We anticipate the cumulative effect of the adoption to be recognized will be an increase to retained earnings of between $100.0 million and $180.0 million on January 1, 2016. At the time of this filing we are completing our final review of the amount. Our final review includes steps related to our international locations, our acquired companies and ensuring these multiple systems have complied with the processes that we have established. We anticipate this standard will have a material impact on individual lines in our consolidated financial statements, but we do not expect it will have as much of an impact on our results of operations on an annual basis. The primary impacts of the new standard to our product and service lines are anticipated to be as follows: Brokerage segment Revenue - We currently recognize revenue for certain of our brokerage activities, such as installments on agency bill, direct bill and contingent revenue, over a period of time either due to the transfer of value to our clients or as the remuneration becomes determinable. Under the new guidance, these revenues will be substantially recognized at a point in time on the effective date of the associated policies when control of the policy transfers to the client. On the other hand, under the new guidance we will need to defer certain revenues to reflect delivery of services over the contract period. As a result, revenue from certain arrangements will be recognized in earlier periods under the new guidance in comparison to our current accounting policies, and others will be recognized in later periods. The net effect of all of these changes on the timing and amount of revenue recognized will be a net increase in revenue recognized for our annual reporting periods with a shift in the timing of revenue recognized in the interim periods to the first quarter from the other three quarters. The primary reason for the increase in the amount of revenue recognized relates to our employee benefits business. Historically we have recognized this revenue throughout the contract period as underlying client exposure units became certain. Under the new guidance, the full year revenue under each of these contracts will be estimated at the effective date of the underlying policies resulting in acceleration of revenue recognized, with a reassessment at each reporting date. This also will cause a shift in the timing of revenue recognized in the interim periods as a majority of these annual contracts incept in the first quarter. Partially offsetting this interim impact will be the recognition of contingent revenues related to all of our brokerage business as these revenues will be estimated and accrued throughout the year as the underlying business is placed with the insurance carriers rather than our historical recognition where the majority of these were recognized in the first quarter, typically when we received cash or the related policy detail or other carrier specific information from the insurance carrier. Expense - The assets recognized for the costs to obtain and/or fulfill a contract will be amortized on a systematic basis that is consistent with the transfer of the services to which the asset relates. For the vast majority of our contracts, the renewal period is one year or less and renewal costs are commensurate with the initial contract. As a result, we plan to apply a practical expedient and recognize the costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred. We are quantifying and analyzing the impact of the costs to fulfill a contract. We do not expect the net impact of deferring and amortizing these costs to be material on an annual basis, but it will have an impact on the timing of expenses recognized in the interim periods. Risk management segment Revenue - Under the new guidance, when we have the obligation to adjust claims until closure and are compensated on a per claim basis, we will record the full amount of the claim revenue upon notification of the claim and defer certain revenues to reflect delivery of services over the claim handling period. When our obligation is to provide claims services throughout a contract period, we will recognize revenue ratably across that contract period. As such, we anticipate the net impact of the new guidance will require more initial revenue deferral and recognition over a longer period of time than under our current accounting policies. Expense - The assets recognized for the costs to obtain and/or to fulfill a contract will be amortized on a systematic basis that is consistent with the transfer of the services to which the asset relates. We do not believe we have material costs to obtain and we are quantifying the impact of our costs to fulfill. We do not expect the net impact of deferring and amortizing these costs to obtain or to fulfill to be material on our annual or interim reporting periods. Corporate segment We expect that the timing related to recognition of revenue in our corporate segment will remain substantially unchanged. We do not expect a material impact on our annual after tax earnings, but we do expect a material change in the emergence of our after tax earnings in the interim quarterly periods as income tax credits are recognized based on our quarterly consolidated pretax earnings patterns.

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- Definition The entire disclosure of changes in accounting principles, including adoption of new accounting pronouncements, that describes the new methods, amount and effects on financial statement line items. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 250 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122394 + Details
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