10-Q 1 d549427d10q.htm FORM 10-Q

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | Quarterly report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018

or

☐ | Transition report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 1-09761

ARTHUR J. GALLAGHER & CO.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 36-2151613
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2850 W. Golf Road, Rolling Meadows, Illinois 60008-4050
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
(630) 773-3800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, $1.00 par value, as of April 30, 2018 was approximately 182,273,000.

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Information Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains certain statements related to future results, or states our intentions, beliefs and expectations or predictions for the future, which are forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations or forecasts of future events. Such statements use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “contemplate,” “forecast,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “potential,” and other similar terms, and future or conditional tense verbs like “could,” “may,” “might,” “see,” “should,” “will” and “would.” You can also identify forward-looking statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. For example, we may use forward-looking statements when addressing topics such as: market and industry conditions, including competitive and pricing trends; acquisition strategy; the expected impact of acquisitions and dispositions; the development and performance of our services and products; changes in the composition or level of our revenues or earnings; our cost structure and the outcome of cost-saving or restructuring initiatives; future capital expenditures; future debt levels and anticipated actions to be taken in connection with maturing debt; future debt to earnings ratios; the outcome of contingencies; dividend policy; pension obligations; cash flow and liquidity; capital structure and financial losses; future actions by regulators; the outcome of existing regulatory actions, investigations, reviews or litigation; the impact of changes in accounting rules; financial markets; interest rates; foreign exchange rates; matters relating to our operations; income taxes; expectations regarding our investments, including our clean energy investments; and integrating recent acquisitions. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from either historical or anticipated results depending on a variety of factors.

Potential factors that could impact results include:

| • |  | Failure to successfully and cost-effectively integrate recently acquired businesses and their operations or fully realize synergies from such acquisitions in the expected time frame;

| • |  | Volatility or declines in premiums or other adverse trends in the insurance industry;

| • |  | An economic downturn;

| • |  | Competitive pressures in each of our businesses;

| • |  | Risks that could negatively affect the success of our acquisition strategy, including continuing consolidation in our industry and growing interest in acquiring insurance brokers on the part of private equity firms, which could make it more difficult to identify targets and could make them more expensive, the risk that we may not receive timely regulatory approval of desired transactions, execution risks, integration risks, the risk of post-acquisition deterioration leading to intangible asset impairment charges, and the risk we could incur or assume unanticipated regulatory liabilities such as those relating to violations of anti-corruption and sanctions laws;

| • |  | Our failure to attract and retain experienced and qualified personnel;

| • |  | Risks arising from our international operations, including the risks posed by political and economic uncertainty in certain countries (such as the risks posed by Brexit), risks related to maintaining regulatory and legal compliance across multiple jurisdictions (such as those relating to violations of anti-corruption, sanctions and privacy laws), and risks arising from the complexity of managing businesses across different time zones, geographies, cultures and legal regimes;

| • |  | Risks particular to our risk management segment, including any slowing of the trend toward outsourcing claims administration, and of the concentration of large amounts of revenue with certain clients;

| • |  | Under the new revenue recognition accounting standard, a higher level of uncertainty with respect to our revenue estimates for installments on agency bill, direct bill, contingent revenues, revenues in our employee benefit consulting and brokerage business and performance-based fees and audits within our risk management segment, which could cause us to reverse revenues recognized in prior periods or recognize additional revenues in future periods based on information we receive after such revenue is required to be recognized, including, for example, the actual growth or profitability of business placed in prior periods, the actual number of lives insured under employee benefit insurance policies, or the actual amounts billed under direct-bill arrangements;

| • |  | Sustained increases in the cost of employee benefits;

| • |  | Our failure to apply technology effectively in driving value for our clients through technology-based solutions, or failure to gain internal efficiencies and effective internal controls through the application of technology and related tools;

| • |  | Our inability to recover successfully, including damage to our reputation and client relationships, should we experience a disaster, cybersecurity attack or other significant disruption to business continuity;

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| • |  | Damage to our reputation;

| • |  | Our failure to comply with regulatory requirements, including those related to governance and control requirements in particular jurisdictions, international sanctions, or a change in regulations or enforcement policies that adversely affects our operations (for example, relating to insurance broker compensation methods or the failure of state and local governments to follow through on agreed-upon income tax credits or other tax related incentives, relating to our corporate headquarters);

| • |  | Violations or alleged violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 or other anti-corruption laws and Foreign Account Tax Compliance provisions of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act, (which we refer to as FATCA);

| • |  | The outcome of any existing or future investigation, review, regulatory action or litigation;

| • |  | Our failure to adapt our services to changes resulting from the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act and any changes in such laws brought about by the current administration;

| • |  | Unfavorable determinations related to contingencies and legal proceedings;

| • |  | Improper disclosure of confidential, personal or proprietary data;

| • |  | Significant changes in foreign exchange rates;

| • |  | Changes to our financial presentation from new accounting estimates and assumptions (including as a result of the new lease and revenue recognition standards);

| • |  | Risks related to our clean energy investments, including the risk of intellectual property claims, utilities switching from coal to natural gas, environmental and product liability claims, and environmental compliance costs;

| • |  | Disallowance of Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (which we refer to as IRC) Section 29 or IRC Section 45 tax credits for us or our partners;

| • |  | The risk that our outstanding debt adversely affects our financial flexibility and restrictions and limitations in the agreements and instruments governing our debt;

| • |  | The risk we may not be able to receive dividends or other distributions from subsidiaries;

| • |  | The risk of share ownership dilution when we issue common stock as consideration for acquisitions and for other reasons; and

| • |  | Volatility of the price of our common stock.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including the risk factors referred to above. Our future performance and actual results may differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of, and are based on information available to us on, the date of the applicable document. Many of the factors that will determine these results are beyond our ability to control or predict. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date that they are made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update any such statements or release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect new information, future or unexpected events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law or regulation.

A detailed discussion of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our published expectations is contained under the heading “Risk Factors” in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, and any other reports we file with the SEC in the future.

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Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.

Index

|  |  |  |  |  | Page No. |
Part I. |  | Financial Information |  |  |  |
|  | Item 1. |  | Financial Statements (Unaudited): |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | Consolidated Statement of Earnings for the Three-month Periods Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 |  |  | 5 |
|  |  |  | Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Earnings for the Three-month Periods Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 |  |  | 6 |
|  |  |  | Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 |  |  | 7 |
|  |  |  | Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Three-month Periods Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 |  |  | 8 |
|  |  |  | Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three-month Period Ended March 31, 2018 |  |  | 9 |
|  |  |  | Notes to March 31, 2018 Consolidated Financial Statements |  |  | 10-39 |
|  |  |  | Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |  |  | 40 |
|  | Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  |  | 41-67 |
|  | Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  |  | 67-68 |
|  | Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  |  | 69 |
Part II. |  | Other Information |  |  |  |
|  | Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  |  | 69 |
|  | Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  |  | 69 |
|  | Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  |  | 69-70 |
|  | Item 5. |  | Other Information |  |  | 70 |
|  | Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  |  | 71 |
|  | Signature |  |  |  |  | 72 |

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Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.

Consolidated Statement of Earnings

(Unaudited - in millions, except per share data)

|  | Three-month period ended March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 As Restated* |
Commissions |  | $ | 839.4 |  |  | $ | 760.7 |
Fees |  |  | 448.1 |  |  |  | 405.0 |
Supplemental revenues |  |  | 52.0 |  |  |  | 47.3 |
Contingent revenues |  |  | 34.9 |  |  |  | 35.0 |
Investment income |  |  | 13.4 |  |  |  | 12.3 |
Gains on books of business sales |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | 1.4 |
Revenues from clean coal activities |  |  | 412.2 |  |  |  | 351.8 |
Other net losses |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.2 | )
Revenues before reimbursements |  |  | 1,802.9 |  |  |  | 1,613.3 |
Reimbursements |  |  | 34.8 |  |  |  | 33.1 |
Total revenues |  |  | 1,837.7 |  |  |  | 1,646.4 |
Compensation |  |  | 775.8 |  |  |  | 711.8 |
Operating |  |  | 216.1 |  |  |  | 199.5 |
Reimbursements |  |  | 34.8 |  |  |  | 33.1 |
Cost of revenues from clean coal activities |  |  | 431.2 |  |  |  | 366.9 |
Interest |  |  | 31.3 |  |  |  | 29.9 |
Depreciation |  |  | 30.6 |  |  |  | 29.5 |
Amortization |  |  | 68.2 |  |  |  | 64.3 |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  |  | 7.4 |  |  |  | 11.8 |
Total expenses |  |  | 1,595.4 |  |  |  | 1,446.8 |
Earnings before income taxes |  |  | 242.3 |  |  |  | 199.6 |
Benefit for income taxes |  |  | (43.7 | ) |  |  | (42.4 | )
Net earnings |  |  | 286.0 |  |  |  | 242.0 |
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 12.3 |  |  |  | 13.2 |
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests |  | $ | 273.7 |  |  | $ | 228.8 |
Basic net earnings per share |  | $ | 1.51 |  |  | $ | 1.28 |
Diluted net earnings per share |  |  | 1.48 |  |  |  | 1.27 |
Dividends declared per common share |  |  | 0.41 |  |  |  | 0.39 |

* | See Note 3 - Revenues from Contracts with Customers for additional information about the restatements related to ASC 606.

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Earnings

(Unaudited - in millions)

|  | Three-month period ended March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 As Restated* |
Net earnings |  | $ | 286.0 |  |  | $ | 242.0 |
Change in pension liability, net of taxes |  |  | 7.0 |  |  |  | 1.2 |
Foreign currency translation |  |  | 62.3 |  |  |  | 55.9 |
Change in fair value of derivative investments, net of taxes |  |  | (6.8 | ) |  |  | 6.5 |
Comprehensive earnings |  |  | 348.5 |  |  |  | 305.6 |
Comprehensive earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 14.5 |  |  |  | 14.8 |
Comprehensive earnings attributable to controlling interests |  | $ | 334.0 |  |  | $ | 290.8 |

* | See Note 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers for additional information about the restatements related to ASC 606.

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.

Consolidated Balance Sheet

(Unaudited - in millions)

|  | March 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 As Restated* |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 697.9 |  |  | $ | 681.2 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 1,410.8 |  |  |  | 1,623.8 |
Premiums and fees receivable |  |  | 5,675.4 |  |  |  | 4,082.8 |
Other current assets |  |  | 749.2 |  |  |  | 881.6 |
Total current assets |  |  | 8,533.3 |  |  |  | 7,269.4 |
Fixed assets - net |  |  | 424.2 |  |  |  | 412.2 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 708.4 |  |  |  | 851.6 |
Other noncurrent assets |  |  | 585.7 |  |  |  | 567.1 |
Goodwill |  |  | 4,236.3 |  |  |  | 4,164.8 |
Amortizable intangible assets - net |  |  | 1,639.6 |  |  |  | 1,644.6 |
Total assets |  | $ | 16,127.5 |  |  | $ | 14,909.7 |
Premiums payable to underwriting enterprises |  | $ | 6,071.3 |  |  | $ | 4,986.0 |
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities |  |  | 799.7 |  |  |  | 947.8 |
Deferred revenue - current |  |  | 390.4 |  |  |  | 355.3 |
Premium financing debt |  |  | 121.0 |  |  |  | 151.1 |
Corporate related borrowings - current |  |  | 360.0 |  |  |  | 290.0 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 7,742.4 |  |  |  | 6,730.2 |
Corporate related borrowings - noncurrent |  |  | 2,792.1 |  |  |  | 2,691.9 |
Deferred revenue - noncurrent |  |  | 74.8 |  |  |  | 75.3 |
Other noncurrent liabilities |  |  | 933.7 |  |  |  | 1,112.6 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 11,543.0 |  |  |  | 10,610.0 |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock - issued and outstanding 182.1 shares in 2018 and 181.0 shares in 2017 |  |  | 182.1 |  |  |  | 181.0 |
Capital in excess of par value |  |  | 3,405.3 |  |  |  | 3,388.2 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 1,426.7 |  |  |  | 1,221.8 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (499.5 | ) |  |  | (555.4 | )
Stockholders’ equity attributable to controlling interests |  |  | 4,514.6 |  |  |  | 4,235.6 |
Stockholders’ equity attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 69.9 |  |  |  | 64.1 |
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 4,584.5 |  |  |  | 4,299.7 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 16,127.5 |  |  | $ | 14,909.7 |

* | See Note 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers for additional information about the restatements related to ASC 606.

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

(Unaudited - in millions)

|  | Three-month period ended March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 As Restated* |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 286.0 |  |  | $ | 242.0 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash (used) provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gain on investments and other |  |  | (2.0 | ) |  |  | (1.4 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 98.8 |  |  |  | 93.8 |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  |  | 7.4 |  |  |  | 11.8 |
Amortization of deferred compensation and restricted stock |  |  | 9.9 |  |  |  | 6.2 |
Stock-based and other noncash compensation expense |  |  | 4.8 |  |  |  | 4.1 |
Payments on acquisition earnouts in excess of original estimates |  |  | (9.0 | ) |  |  | (9.1 | )
Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | 1.5 |
Net change in premiums receivable |  |  | (1,505.4 | ) |  |  | (1,559.4 | )
Net change in deferred revenue |  |  | 29.3 |  |  |  | 22.3 |
Net change in premiums payable to underwriting enterprises |  |  | 979.4 |  |  |  | 1,119.0 |
Net change in other current assets |  |  | 119.1 |  |  |  | 98.2 |
Net change in accrued compensation and other currrent liabilities |  |  | (165.4 | ) |  |  | 65.4 |
Net change in income taxes payable |  |  | 16.2 |  |  |  | (5.9 | )
Net change in deferred income taxes |  |  | (75.6 | ) |  |  | (44.0 | )
Net change in other noncurrent assets and liabilities |  |  | (12.4 | ) |  |  | (29.0 | )
Net cash (used) provided by operating activities |  |  | (217.6 | ) |  |  | 15.5 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  |  | (31.1 | ) |  |  | (29.3 | )
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash acquired |  |  | (57.3 | ) |  |  | (137.1 | )
Net proceeds from sales of operations/books of business |  |  | 2.2 |  |  |  | 1.4 |
Net funding of investment transactions |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  |  | (5.2 | )
Net cash used by investing activities |  |  | (86.9 | ) |  |  | (170.2 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payments on acquisition earnouts |  |  | (9.4 | ) |  |  | (10.6 | )
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |  |  | 32.3 |  |  |  | 20.3 |
Repurchases of common stock |  |  | (11.3 | ) |  |  | — |
Payments to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (8.6 | ) |  |  | (7.6 | )
Dividends paid |  |  | (76.1 | ) |  |  | (71.4 | )
Net borrowings on premium financing debt facility |  |  | (30.3 | ) |  |  | (27.8 | )
Borrowings on line of credit facility |  |  | 815.0 |  |  |  | 955.0 |
Repayments on line of credit facility |  |  | (645.0 | ) |  |  | (838.0 | )
Settlements on terminated interest rate swaps |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 69.5 |  |  |  | 19.9 |
Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | 38.7 |  |  |  | 19.2 |
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | (196.3 | ) |  |  | (115.6 | )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period |  |  | 2,305.0 |  |  |  | 1,937.6 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period |  | $ | 2,108.7 |  |  | $ | 1,822.0 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid |  | $ | 28.0 |  |  | $ | 30.1 |
Income taxes paid |  |  | 11.6 |  |  |  | 12.2 |

* | See Note 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers with Customers for additional information about the restatements related to ASC 606.

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited - in millions)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Capital in |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Excess of Par Value |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Comprehensive Earnings (Loss) |  |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2017, as previously reported |  |  | 181.0 |  |  | $ | 181.0 |  |  | $ | 3,388.2 |  |  | $ | 1,095.9 |  |  | $ | (559.9 | ) |  | $ | 59.7 |  |  | $ | 4,164.9 |
Adoption of ASC Topic 606 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 125.9 |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | 4.4 |  |  |  | 134.8 |
Balance at December 31, 2017, as restated |  |  | 181.0 |  |  |  | 181.0 |  |  |  | 3,388.2 |  |  |  | 1,221.8 |  |  |  | (555.4 | ) |  |  | 64.1 |  |  |  | 4,299.7 |
Reclassification of the income tax effects within accumulated other comprehensive loss related to the Tax Act |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6.6 |  |  |  | (6.6 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net earnings |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 273.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12.3 |  |  |  | 286.0 |
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8.7 | ) |  |  | (8.7 | )
Net change in pension asset/liability, net of taxes of ($4.6) million |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7.0 |
Foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 62.3 |  |  |  | 2.2 |  |  |  | 64.5 |
Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net of taxes of ($1.2) million |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6.8 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6.8 | )
Compensation expense related to stock option plan grants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.8 |
Common stock issued in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Three purchase transactions |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 6.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6.5 |
Stock option plans |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  | 27.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28.2 |
Employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.1 |
Deferred compensation and restricted stock |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | (14.3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (14.1 | )
Common stock repurchases |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | (11.2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11.3 | )
Cash dividends declared on common stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (75.4 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (75.4 | )
Balance at March 31, 2018 |  |  | 182.1 |  |  | $ | 182.1 |  |  | $ | 3,405.3 |  |  | $ | 1,426.7 |  |  | $ | (499.5 | ) |  | $ | 69.9 |  |  | $ | 4,584.5 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Notes to March 31, 2018 Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Terms Used in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

ASC - Accounting Standards Codification.

ASC Topic 606 - ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

ASU - Accounting Standards Update.

FASB - The Financial Accounting Standards Board.

GAAP - U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

IRC - Internal Revenue Code.

IRS - Internal Revenue Service.

Underwriting enterprises - Insurance companies, reinsurance companies and various other forms of risk-taking entities, including intermediaries of underwriting enterprises.

VIE - Variable interest entity.

Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation

Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. and its subsidiaries, collectively referred to herein as we, our, us or the company, provide insurance brokerage, consulting and third party claims settlement and administration services to both domestic and international entities through three reportable operating segments. Our brokers, agents and administrators act as intermediaries between underwriting enterprises and our clients.

Our brokerage segment operations provide brokerage and consulting services to companies and entities of all types, including commercial, not-for-profit, and public entities, and, to a lesser extent, individuals, in the areas of insurance placement, risk of loss management, and management of employer sponsored benefit programs. Our risk management segment operations provide contract claim settlement, claim administration, loss control services and risk management consulting for commercial, not-for-profit, captive and public entities, and various other organizations that choose to self-insure property/casualty coverages or choose to use a third-party claims management organization rather than the claim services provided by underwriting enterprises. The corporate segment reports the financial information related to our debt, clean energy investments, external acquisition-related expenses and other corporate costs. Clean energy investments consist of our investments in limited liability companies that own 34 commercial clean coal production facilities producing refined coal using Chem-Mod LLC’s proprietary technologies. We believe these operations produce refined coal that qualifies for tax credits under IRC Section 45.

We do not assume underwriting risk on a net basis, other than with respect to de minimis amounts necessary to provide minimum or regulatory capital to organize captives, pools, specialized underwriters or risk-retention groups. Rather, capital necessary for events of loss coverages is provided by underwriting enterprises.

Investment income and other revenues are generated from our premium financing operations and our investment portfolio, which includes our invested cash and restricted cash we hold on behalf of our clients, as well as clean energy investments.

We are headquartered in Rolling Meadows, Illinois, have operations in 33 countries and offer client-service capabilities in more than 150 countries globally through a network of correspondent insurance brokers and consultants.

We have prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements have been omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein are, in the opinion of management, prepared on a basis consistent with our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, except as disclosed in Note 2, and include all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the information set forth. The quarterly results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be reported for subsequent quarters or the full year. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. In the preparation of our unaudited consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2018, management evaluated all material subsequent events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date on which the financial statements were issued, for potential recognition or disclosure therein.

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These accounting principles require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements. We are also required to make certain judgments and estimates that affect the disclosed and recorded amounts of revenues and expenses related to the impact of the adoption of and accounting under ASC Topic 606. We periodically evaluate our estimates and assumptions, including those relating to the valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, investments (including our IRC Section 45 investments), income taxes, revenue recognition, deferred costs, stock-based compensation, claims handling obligations, retirement plans, litigation and contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable based on specific circumstances. Such estimates and assumptions could change in the future as more information becomes known, which could impact the amounts reported and disclosed herein.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenues are derived from commissions and fees as primarily specified in a written contract, or unwritten business understanding, with our clients or underwriting enterprises. We also recognize investment income over time from our invested assets and invested assets we hold on behalf of our clients or underwriting enterprises.

BROKERAGE SEGMENT

Our brokerage segment generates revenues by:

| (i) | Identifying, negotiating and placing all forms of insurance or reinsurance coverage, as well as providing risk-shifting, risk-sharing and risk-mitigation consulting services, principally related to property/casualty, life, health, welfare and disability insurance. We also provide these services through, or in conjunction with, other unrelated agents and brokers, consultants and management advisors.

| (ii) | Acting as an agent or broker for multiple underwriting enterprises by providing services such as sales, marketing, selecting, negotiating, underwriting, servicing and placing insurance coverage on their behalf.

| (iii) | Providing consulting services related to health and welfare benefits, voluntary benefits, executive benefits, compensation, retirement planning, institutional investment and fiduciary, actuarial, compliance, private insurance exchange, human resource technology, communications and benefits administration.

| (iv) | Providing management and administrative services to captives, pools, risk-retention groups, healthcare exchanges, small underwriting enterprises, such as accounting, claims and loss processing assistance, feasibility studies, actuarial studies, data analytics and other administrative services.

The majority of our brokerage contracts and service understandings are for a period of one year or less.

Commissions and fees

The primary source of revenues for our brokerage services are commissions from underwriting enterprises, based on a percentage of premiums paid by our clients, or fees received from clients based on an agreed level of service usually in lieu of commissions.

Commissions are fixed at the contract effective date and generally are based on a percentage of premiums for insurance coverage or employee head count for employer sponsored benefit plans. Commissions depend upon a large number of factors, including the type of risk being placed, the particular underwriting enterprise’s demand, the expected loss experience of the particular risk of coverage, and historical benchmarks surrounding the level of effort necessary for us to place and service the insurance contract. Rather than being tied to the amount of premiums, fees are most often based on an expected level of effort to provide our services.

Whether we are paid a commission or a fee, the vast majority of our services are associated with the placement of an insurance (or insurance-like) contract. Accordingly, we recognize approximately 70% of our commission and fee revenues on the effective date of the underlying insurance contract. The amount of revenue we recognize is based on our costs to provide our services up and through that effective date, including an appropriate estimate of our profit margin on a portfolio basis (a practical expedient as defined in ASC Topic 606). Based on the proportion of additional services we provide in each period after the effective date of the insurance contract, including an appropriate estimate of our profit margin, we recognize approximately 20% of our commission and fee revenues in the first three months, and the remaining 10% thereafter. These periods may be different than the underlying premium payment patterns of the insurance contracts, but the vast majority of our services are fully provided within one year of the insurance contract effective date.

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For consulting and advisory services, we recognize our revenue in the period in which we provide the service or advice. For management and administrative services, our revenue is recognized ratably over the contract period consistent with the performance of our obligations, mostly over an annual term.

Supplemental revenues

Certain underwriting enterprises may pay us additional revenues for the volume of premium placed with them and for insights into our sales pipeline, our sales capabilities or our risk selection knowledge. These amounts are in excess of the commission and fee revenues discussed above, and not all business we place with underwriting enterprises is eligible for supplemental revenues. Unlike contingent revenues, discussed below, these revenues are a fixed amount or fixed percentage of premium of the underlying eligible insurance contracts. For supplemental revenue contracts based on a fixed percentage of premium, our obligation to the underwriting enterprise is substantially completed upon the effective date of the underlying insurance contract and revenue is fully earned at that time. For supplemental revenue contracts based on a fixed amount, revenue is recognized ratably over the contract period consistent with the performance of our obligations, almost always over an annual term. We receive these revenues on a quarterly or annual basis.

Contingent revenues

Certain underwriting enterprises may pay us additional revenues for our sales capabilities, our risk selection knowledge, or our administrative efficiencies. These amounts are in excess of the commission or fee revenues discussed above, and not all business we place with participating underwriting enterprises is eligible for contingent revenues. Unlike supplemental revenues, also discussed above, these revenues are variable, generally based on growth, the loss experience of the underlying insurance contracts, and/or our efficiency in processing the business. We generally operate under calendar year contracts, but we do not receive these revenues from the underwriting enterprises until the following calendar year, generally in the first and second quarters, after verification of the performance indicators outlined in the contracts. Accordingly, during each reporting period, we must make our best estimate of amounts we have earned using historical averages and other factors to project such revenues. We base our estimates each period on a contract-by-contract basis where available. In certain cases, it is impractical to assess a very large number of smaller contingent revenue contracts, so we use a historical portfolio estimate in aggregate (a practical expedient as defined in ASC Topic 606). Because our expectation of the ultimate contingent revenue amounts to be earned can vary from period to period, especially in contracts sensitive to loss ratios, our estimates might change significantly from quarter to quarter. For example, in circumstances where our revenues are dependent on a full calendar year loss ratio, adverse loss experience in the fourth quarter could not only negate revenue earnings in the fourth quarter, but also trigger the need to reverse revenues previously recognized during the prior quarters. Variable consideration is recognized when we conclude, based on all the facts and information available at the reporting date, that is it probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur in future periods.

Sub-brokerage costs

Sub-brokerage costs are excluded from our gross revenues in our determination of total revenues. Sub-brokerage cost represents commissions paid to sub-brokers related to the placement of certain business by our brokerage segment operations. We recognize this contra revenue in the same manner as the commission revenue it relates to.

RISK MANAGEMENT SEGMENT

Revenues for our risk management segment are comprised of fees generally negotiated (i) on a per-claim basis, (ii) on a cost-plus basis, or (iii) as performance-based fees. We also provide risk management consulting services that are recognized as the services are delivered.

Per-claim fees

Where we operate under a contract with our fee established on a per claim basis, our obligation is to process claims for a term specified within the contract. Because it is impractical to recognize our revenues on an individual claim by claim basis, we recognize revenue plus an appropriate estimate of our profit margin on a portfolio basis by grouping claims with similar characteristics (a practical expedient as defined in ASC Topic 606). We apply actuarially-determined, historical-based patterns to determine our future service obligations, without applying a present value discount.

Cost-plus fees

Where we provide services and generate revenues on a cost-plus basis, we recognize revenue over the contract period consistent with the performance of our obligations.

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Performance-based fees

Certain clients pay us additional fee revenues for our efficiency in managing claims or on the basis of claim outcome effectiveness. These amounts are in excess of the fee revenues discussed above. These revenues are variable, generally based on performance metrics set forth in the underlying contracts. We generally operate under multi-year contracts with fiscal year measurement periods. We do not receive these fees, if earned, until the following year after verification of the performance metrics outlined in the contracts. Each period we base our estimates on a contract-by-contract basis. We must make our best estimate of amounts we have earned using historical averages and other factors to project such revenues. Variable consideration is recognized when we conclude that is it probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur in future periods.

Reimbursements

Reimbursement represent amounts received from clients reimbursing us for certain third-party costs associated with providing our claims management services. In certain service partner relationships, we are considered a principal because we direct the third party, control the specified service and combine the services provided into an integrated solution. Given this principal relationship, we are required to recognize revenue gross and service partner vendor fees in the operating expense in our consolidated statement of earnings.

Deferred Costs

We incur costs to provide brokerage and risk management services. Those costs are either (i) costs to obtain a contract or (ii) costs to fulfill such contract, or (iii) all other costs.

| (i) | Costs to obtain - we incur costs to obtain a contract with a client. Those costs would not have been incurred if the contract had not been obtained. Almost all of our costs to obtain are incurred prior to, or on, the effective date of the contract and consist primarily of incentive compensation we pay to our production employees. Our costs to obtain are expensed as incurred as described in Note 3 to these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

| (ii) | Costs to fulfill - we incur costs to fulfill a contract (or anticipated contract) with a client. Those costs are incurred prior to the effective date of the contract and relate to fulfilling our primary placement obligations to our clients. Our costs to fulfil prior to the effective date are capitalized and amortized on the effective date. These fulfilment activities include collecting underwriting information from our client, assessing their insurance needs and negotiating their placement with one or more underwriting enterprises. The majority of costs that we incur relate to compensation and benefits of our client service employees. Costs incurred during preplacement activities are expected to be recovered in the future. If the capitalized costs are no longer deemed to be recoverable, then they would be expensed.

| (iii) | Other costs that are not costs to obtain or fulfill are expensed as incurred. Examples include other operating costs such as rent, utilities, management costs, overhead costs, legal and other professional fees, technology costs, insurance related costs, communication and advertising, and travel and entertainment. Depreciation, amortization and change in estimated acquisition earnout payable are expensed as incurred.

2. |  | Effect of New Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, ASC Topic 606, which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principal of the new accounting guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. We adopted ASC Topic 606 as of January 1, 2018, using the full retrospective method to restate each prior reporting period presented. The cumulative effect of the adoption was recognized as an increase to retained earnings of $125.3 million on January 1, 2016. The impact of the adoption of the new guidance resulted in changes to our accounting policies for revenue recognition, trade and other receivables, and deferred revenues as detailed in Note 3 to these unaudited consolidated financial statements. In implementing the full retrospective method of adoption, we applied the practical expedient as defined in ASC Topic 606 of using the benefit of hindsight to recognize contingent revenues (i.e., variable consideration) in 2017 and 2016.

Hedge Accounting

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (ASC Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The new guidance amends the hedge accounting model in the current guidance to enable entities to better portray the economics of their risk management activities in the financial statements and enhance the transparency and understandability of hedge results. The new guidance requires revised

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tabular disclosures that focus on the effect of hedge accounting by income statement line and the disclosure of the cumulative basis adjustments to the hedged assets and liabilities in fair value hedges. Certain additional disclosures are also required for hedge relationships designated under the last-of-layer method. The current guidance that requires entities to disclose hedge ineffectiveness has been eliminated because this amount will no longer be separately measured. Under the new guidance, entities will apply the amendments to cash flow and net investment hedge relationships that exist on the date of adoption using a modified retrospective approach (i.e., with a cumulative effect adjustment recorded to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the initial application date). The new guidance also provides transition relief to make it easier for entities to apply certain amendments to existing hedges (including fair value hedges) where the hedge documentation needs to be modified. The presentation and disclosure requirements will be applied prospectively. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those periods. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period or annual year before the effective date. If the guidance is early adopted in an interim period, any adjustments would be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. We are currently assessing the impact that adopting this new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Presentation of Net Periodic Pension and Postretirement Benefit Cost

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. The new guidance requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. It also requires the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations, if one is presented. An entity will apply the new guidance retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the consolidated statement of earnings. The new guidance allows a practical expedient that permits an employer to use the amounts disclosed in its pension and other postretirement benefit plan note for the prior comparative periods as the estimation basis for applying the retrospective presentation requirements. The new guidance was effective in the first quarter of 2018, which we adopted effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our consolidated net earnings. Due to the adoption of this new guidance, the presentation in our consolidated statement of earnings was changed in 2018 such that the other components of net periodic pension costs related to our defined benefit plan were recorded in operating expense instead of compensation expense as was done in prior years. Prior years were not restated for this change as the impact of this change was not material to our consolidated statement of earnings. See Note 12 to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K as of December 31, 2017 for additional discussion of these costs.

Business Combinations

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The new guidance clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding information to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill and consolidation. The new guidance was effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods, which we adopted effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Intangibles - Goodwill and Other

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The new guidance eliminates Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Instead, the updated guidance requires an entity to perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, and recognizing a non-cash impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value with the loss not exceeding the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The new guidance is effective beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted, and will be applied on a prospective basis. The new guidance currently has no impact on our consolidated financial statements; however, we will evaluate the impact of this updated guidance on future annual or interim goodwill impairment tests performed.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Under this new accounting guidance, an entity is required to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on its balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. This new guidance offers specific accounting guidance for a lessee, a lessor and sale and leaseback transactions. Lessees and lessors are required to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about

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leasing arrangements to enable a user of the financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This new guidance is effective for first quarter 2019, and requires a modified retrospective adoption, with early adoption permitted. Under the modified retrospective approach, lessees are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented. In addition, the modified retrospective approach includes a number of optional practical expedients that entities may elect to apply. These practical expedients relate to the identification and classification of leases that commenced before the effective date, initial direct costs for leases that commenced before the effective date and the ability to use hindsight in evaluating lessee options to extend or terminate a lease or to purchase the underlying asset.

While we are continuing to assess all potential impacts of the new guidance, we anticipate this guidance will have an impact on our consolidated financial statements. We currently believe the most significant impact relates to our real estate operating leases and the related recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in both noncurrent assets and noncurrent liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet. See Note 14 to these unaudited consolidated financial statements for details on our current lease arrangements.

Income Taxes

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory. This new accounting guidance allows entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Current guidance does not allow recognition until the asset has been sold to an outside party. This new guidance was effective beginning January 1, 2018 and was to be applied on a modified retrospective basis. We adopted this new guidance effective January 1, 2018 and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Reclassification of tax effects stranded in AOCI. This new guidance gives entities the option to reclassify to retained earnings stranded tax effects related to the change in federal tax rate for all items accounted for in other comprehensive earnings (OCI). These entities can also elect to reclassify other stranded tax effects that relate to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (which we refer to as the Tax Act) but do not directly relate to the change in the federal rate (e.g., state taxes, changing from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system). Tax effects that are stranded in OCI for other reasons (e.g., prior changes in tax law, a change in valuation allowance) cannot be reclassified. All entities are required to make new disclosures, regardless of whether they elect to reclassify stranded amounts. Entities are required to disclose whether or not they elected to reclassify the tax effects related to the Tax Act as well as their policy for releasing income tax effects from accumulated OCI. Under ASC 740-10-45-15, the effects of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred tax balances are recorded as a component of tax expense related to continuing operations for the period in which the law was enacted, even if the assets and liabilities related to items of accumulated OCI. The enactment of the Tax Act on December 22, 2017 resulted in stakeholder concerns about this accounting treatment. The new guidance is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for reporting periods, including interim periods, for which financial statements have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. An entity will be able to choose whether to apply the guidance retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the Tax Act is recognized or to apply the guidance in the period of adoption. We adopted this new guidance effective January 1, 2018, which resulted in a $6.6 million increase in retained earnings and a corresponding decrease in accumulated other comprehensive earnings (loss). This reclass relates to the income tax effects of lowering the corporate income tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0% on deferred income taxes established on pension plan liabilities and the fair value of derivative instruments.

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendment to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. This new accounting guidance codifies guidance pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (which we refer to as SAB 118), which was issued in connection with the Tax Act. The guidance allows companies to use provisional estimates to record the effects of the Tax Act and also provides a measurement period (not to exceed one year from the date of enactment) to complete the accounting for the impacts of the Tax Act. We adopted this guidance when it was initially issued as SAB 118. We are still completing our accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act because all the necessary information is not currently available, prepared or analyzed. As such, we have made reasonable estimates of the effects of the Tax Act on our financial results. As we complete our analysis of the accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the Tax Act, we may record additional provisional amounts or adjustments to provisional amounts as discrete items in future periods.

Restricted Cash

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. This new accounting guidance addresses the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows under Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows. This guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal

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years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. The adoption of this new guidance changed the presentation in our consolidated statement of cash flows as we now show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. Previously, the net change in restricted cash was reported as an operating activity and cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash was not presented net of restricted cash. In our 2017 consolidated statement of cash flows, the adoption of ASU 2016-18 resulted in a decrease to net cash provided by operating activities of $154.2 million and a decrease to cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash of $7.9 million. These changes resulted in a change of $12.2 million to the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash.

The following is a reconciliation of our March 31 cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balances as presented in the consolidated statement of cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (in millions):

|  | March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 697.9 |  |  | $ | 564.0 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 1,410.8 |  |  |  | 1,258.0 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | $ | 2,108.7 |  |  | $ | 1,822.0 |

3. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

New Accounting Statement Impact on Consolidated Financial Statements

As a result of adopting a new revenue recognition accounting statement, we restated our consolidated financial statements from amounts previously reported. The primary impacts of the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance to our segments are detailed as follows.

Brokerage segment

Revenue - We previously recognized revenue for certain of our brokerage activities, such as installments on agency bill, direct bill and contingent revenue, over a period of time either due to the transfer of value to our clients or as the remuneration became determinable. Under the new guidance, these revenues are now substantially recognized at a point in time on the effective date of the associated policies when control of the policy transfers to the client. On the other hand, under the new guidance we are now required to defer certain revenues to reflect delivery of services over the contract period. As a result, revenue from certain arrangements are now recognized in earlier periods under the new guidance in comparison to our previous accounting policies, and other revenues are recognized in later periods. The net effect of all of these changes on the timing and amount of revenue recognized is a net increase in revenue recognized for our annual reporting periods with a shift in the timing of revenue recognized in the interim periods to the first quarter from the other three quarters.

The primary reason for the increase in the amount of revenue recognized relates to our employee benefit brokerage business. Historically we recognized this revenue throughout the contract period as underlying client exposure units became certain. Under the new guidance, the full year revenue under each of these contracts is now estimated at the effective date of the underlying policies resulting in acceleration of revenue recognized, with a reassessment at each reporting date. This also causes a shift in the timing of revenue recognized in the interim periods as a majority of these annual contracts incept in the first quarter. Partially offsetting this interim impact is the recognition of contingent revenues related to our brokerage business as these revenues are now estimated and accrued throughout the year as the underlying business is placed with the underwriting enterprises rather than our historical practice of recognizing the majority of these revenues in the first quarter, because this is typically when we receive cash or the related policy detail or other carrier specific information from the underwriting enterprise.

Expense - The assets recognized for the costs to obtain and/or fulfill a contract are amortized on a systematic basis that is consistent with the transfer of the services to which the asset relates. For the majority of our contracts, the renewal period is one year or less and renewal costs are commensurate with the initial contract. As a result, we have applied a practical expedient and recognize the costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred. The net impact of deferring and amortizing the costs to fulfill a contract are not material on an annual basis, but have an impact on the timing of expenses recognized in the interim periods. Previously those costs were expensed as incurred.

Risk management segment

Revenue - Under the new guidance, when we have the obligation to adjust claims until closure and are compensated on a per claim basis, we record the full amount of the claim revenue upon notification of the claim and defer certain revenues to reflect delivery of services over the claim handling period. When our obligation is to provide claims services throughout a contract period, we recognize revenue ratably across that contract period. As such, the net impact of the new guidance requires greater initial revenue deferral and recognition over a longer period of time than under our previous accounting policies.

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Expense - The assets recognized for the costs to obtain and/or to fulfill a contract are amortized on a systematic basis that is consistent with the transfer of the services to which the asset relates. We do not have material costs to obtain or fulfill. The net impact of deferring and amortizing these costs to obtain or to fulfill are not material on our annual or interim reporting periods.

Corporate segment

The timing related to recognition of revenue in our corporate segment remains substantially unchanged. While there is no material impact on our annual after tax earnings, there is a material change to our after tax earnings in the interim quarterly periods, as income tax credits are recognized based on our quarterly consolidated pretax earnings patterns.

Impact on 2017 Consolidated Financial Statements

The consolidated statement of earnings line items, which reflect the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance, are as follows (in millions, except per share data):

|  | Three-month period ended March 31, 2017 |
|  | As Previously Reported |  |  | Impact of Adoption of ASC 606 |  |  | As Restated for Adoption of ASC 606 |
Commissions |  | $ | 590.5 |  |  | $ | 170.2 |  |  | $ | 760.7 |
Fees |  |  | 370.5 |  |  |  | 34.5 |  |  |  | 405.0 |
Supplemental revenues |  |  | 34.5 |  |  |  | 12.8 |  |  |  | 47.3 |
Contingent revenues |  |  | 53.4 |  |  |  | (18.4 | ) |  |  | 35.0 |
Investment income |  |  | 10.8 |  |  |  | 1.5 |  |  |  | 12.3 |
Gains on books of business sales |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.4 |
Revenues from clean coal activities |  |  | 351.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 351.8 |
Other net losses |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.2 | )
Revenues before reimbursements |  |  | 1,412.7 |  |  |  | 200.6 |  |  |  | 1,613.3 |
Reimbursements |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33.1 |  |  |  | 33.1 |
Total revenues |  |  | 1,412.7 |  |  |  | 233.7 |  |  |  | 1,646.4 |
Compensation |  |  | 657.6 |  |  |  | 54.2 |  |  |  | 711.8 |
Operating |  |  | 200.4 |  |  |  | (0.9 | ) |  |  | 199.5 |
Reimbursements |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33.1 |  |  |  | 33.1 |
Cost of revenues from clean coal activities |  |  | 366.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 366.9 |
Interest |  |  | 29.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29.9 |
Depreciation |  |  | 29.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29.5 |
Amortization |  |  | 64.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 64.3 |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  |  | 11.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11.8 |
Total expenses |  |  | 1,360.4 |  |  |  | 86.4 |  |  |  | 1,446.8 |
Earnings before income taxes |  |  | 52.3 |  |  |  | 147.3 |  |  |  | 199.6 |
Benefit for income taxes |  |  | (15.5 | ) |  |  | (26.9 | ) |  |  | (42.4 | )
Net earnings |  |  | 67.8 |  |  |  | 174.2 |  |  |  | 242.0 |
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 12.1 |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | 13.2 |
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests |  | $ | 55.7 |  |  | $ | 173.1 |  |  | $ | 228.8 |
Basic net earnings per share |  | $ | 0.31 |  |  | $ | 0.97 |  |  | $ | 1.28 |
Diluted net earnings per share |  |  | 0.31 |  |  |  | 0.96 |  |  |  | 1.27 |
Dividends declared per common share |  |  | 0.39 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.39 |

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Select consolidated statement of comprehensive earnings line items, which reflect the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance, are as follows (in millions):

|  | Three-month period ended March 31, 2017 |
|  | As Previously Reported |  |  | Impact of Adoption of ASC 606 |  |  | As Restated for Adoption of ASC 606 |
Net earnings |  | $ | 67.8 |  |  | $ | 174.2 |  |  | $ | 242.0 |
Change in pension liability, net of taxes |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.2 |
Foreign currency translation |  |  | 58.4 |  |  |  | (2.5 | ) |  |  | 55.9 |
Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net of taxes |  |  | 6.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6.5 |
Comprehensive earnings |  |  | 133.9 |  |  |  | 171.7 |  |  |  | 305.6 |
Comprehensive earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 13.7 |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | 14.8 |
Comprehensive earnings attributable to controlling interests |  | $ | 120.2 |  |  | $ | 170.6 |  |  | $ | 290.8 |

Select balance sheet line items, which reflect the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance are as follows (in millions):

|  | December 31, 2017 |
|  | As Previously Reported |  |  | Impact of Adoption of ASC 606 |  |  | As Restated for Adoption of ASC 606 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premium and fees receivables |  | $ | 2,157.2 |  |  | $ | 1,925.6 |  |  | $ | 4,082.8 |
Other current assets |  |  | 708.4 |  |  |  | 173.2 |  |  |  | 881.6 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 905.1 |  |  |  | (53.5 | ) |  |  | 851.6 |
Other noncurrent assets |  |  | 567.0 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 567.1 |
Goodwill |  |  | 4,197.9 |  |  |  | (33.1 | ) |  |  | 4,164.8 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums payable to underwriting enterprises |  |  | 3,475.9 |  |  |  | 1,510.1 |  |  |  | 4,986.0 |
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities |  |  | 864.1 |  |  |  | 83.7 |  |  |  | 947.8 |
Deferred revenue - current/unearned fees |  |  | 74.8 |  |  |  | 280.5 |  |  |  | 355.3 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 56.4 |  |  |  | (56.4 | ) |  |  | — |
Deferred revenue - noncurrent |  |  | — |  |  |  | 75.3 |  |  |  | 75.3 |
Other noncurrent liabilities |  |  | 1,128.3 |  |  |  | (15.7 | ) |  |  | 1,112.6 |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings |  |  | 1,095.9 |  |  |  | 125.9 |  |  |  | 1,221.8 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (559.9 | ) |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | (555.4 | )
Stockholders’ equity attributable to controlling interests |  |  | 4,105.2 |  |  |  | 130.4 |  |  |  | 4,235.6 |
Stockholders’ equity attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 59.7 |  |  |  | 4.4 |  |  |  | 64.1 |

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Select consolidated statement of cash flows line items, which reflect the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance are as follows (in millions):

|  | Three-month period ended March 31, 2017 |
|  | As Previously Reported |  |  | Impact of Adoption of ASC 606 |  |  | As Restated for Adoption of ASC 606 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 67.8 |  |  | $ | 174.2 |  |  | $ | 242.0 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in premiums receivable |  |  | (206.3 | ) |  |  | (1,353.1 | ) |  |  | (1,559.4 | )
Net change in deferred revenue |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22.3 |  |  |  | 22.3 |
Net change in premiums payable to underwriting enterprises |  |  | (30.1 | ) |  |  | 1,149.1 |  |  |  | 1,119.0 |
Net change in other current assets |  |  | 56.2 |  |  |  | 42.0 |  |  |  | 98.2 |
Net change in accrued compensation and other current liabilities |  |  | 43.1 |  |  |  | 22.3 |  |  |  | 65.4 |
Net change in deferred income taxes |  |  | (17.2 | ) |  |  | (26.8 | ) |  |  | (44.0 | )
Net change in other noncurrent assets and liabilities |  |  | (28.0 | ) |  |  | (1.0 | ) |  |  | (29.0 | )

Select statement of stockholders’ equity items, which reflect the adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance are as follows (in millions):

|  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Earnings (Loss) |  |  | Stockholders’ Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity |
Balance at December 31, 2017, as reported |  | $ | 1,095.9 |  |  | $ | (559.9 | ) |  | $ | 59.7 |  |  | $ | 4,164.9 |
Cumulative-effect adjustment due to ASC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Topic 606 as of December 31, 2017 |  |  | 125.9 |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | 4.4 |  |  |  | 134.8 |
Balance at December 31, 2017, as restated |  | $ | 1,221.8 |  |  | $ | (555.4 | ) |  | $ | 64.1 |  |  | $ | 4,299.7 |

Contract Assets and Liabilities/Contract Balances

Information about unbilled receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers is as follows (in millions):

|  | March 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017, As Restated |
Unbilled receivables |  | $ | 682.1 |  |  | $ | 415.2 |
Deferred contract costs |  |  | 48.9 |  |  |  | 83.3 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 465.2 |  |  |  | 430.6 |

The unbilled receivables primarily relate to our rights to consideration for work completed but not billed at the reporting date. These are transferred to the receivables when the client is billed. The deferred contract costs represent the costs we incur to fulfill a new or renewal contract with our clients prior to the effective date of the contract. These costs are expensed on the contract effective date. The deferred revenue represents the remaining performance obligations under our contracts.

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Significant changes in the deferred revenue balances during the period are as follows (in millions):

|  | Brokerage |  |  | Risk Management |  |  | Total |
Deferred revenue at December 31, 2017 |  | $ | 258.7 |  |  | $ | 171.9 |  |  | $ | 430.6 |
Incremental deferred revenue |  |  | 144.6 |  |  |  | 37.9 |  |  |  | 182.5 |
Revenue recognized during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 included in deferred revenue at December 31, 2017 |  |  | (115.9 | ) |  |  | (32.7 | ) |  |  | (148.6 | )
Deferred revenue recognized from business acquisitions |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.7 |
Deferred revenue at March 31, 2018 |  | $ | 288.1 |  |  | $ | 177.1 |  |  | $ | 465.2 |

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations represent the portion of the contract price for which work has not been performed. As of March 31, 2018, the aggregate amount of the contract price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $465.2 million. The estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period is as follows (in millions):

|  | Brokerage |  |  | Risk Management |  |  | Total |
2018 (remaining nine months) |  | $ | 244.0 |  |  | $ | 85.3 |  |  | $ | 329.3 |
2019 |  |  | 31.7 |  |  |  | 49.1 |  |  |  | 80.8 |
2020 |  |  | 9.0 |  |  |  | 21.3 |  |  |  | 30.3 |
2021 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  |  | 8.9 |  |  |  | 11.7 |
2022 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 4.7 |  |  |  | 5.1 |
Thereafter |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 7.8 |  |  |  | 8.0 |
Total |  | $ | 288.1 |  |  | $ | 177.1 |  |  | $ | 465.2 |

Deferred Contract Costs

We capitalize costs incurred to fulfill contracts as “deferred contract costs” on our consolidated balance sheets. Deferred contract costs were $48.9 million and $83.3 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Capitalized fulfillment costs are amortized on the contract effective date. The amount of amortization of the deferred contract costs was $100.4 million and $91.2 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

As part of our adoption of the new revenue recognition guidance, we have elected to apply the practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less for our brokerage segment. These costs are included in compensation and operating expenses in our consolidated statement of earnings.

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4. |  | Business Combinations

During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, we acquired substantially all of the net assets of the following firms in exchange for our common stock and/or cash. These acquisitions have been accounted for using the acquisition method for recording business combinations (in millions, except share data):

Name and Effective Date of Acquisition |  | Common Shares Issued |  |  | Common Share Value |  |  | Cash Paid |  |  | Accrued Liability |  |  | Escrow Deposited |  |  | Recorded Earnout Payable |  |  | Total Recorded Purchase Price |  |  | Maximum Potential Earnout Payable |
|  | (000s) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Market Financial Group, Ltd and Austin Consulting Group Inc. (MFG) January 1, 2018 |  |  | 53 |  |  | $ | 3.7 |  |  | $ | 33.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4.2 |  |  | $ | 4.0 |  |  | $ | 45.8 |  |  | $ | 7.0 |
McGregor & Associates (M&A) March 1, 2018 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |  | 5.1 |  |  |  | 21.1 |  |  |  | 12.0 |
Five other acquisitions completed in 2018 |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.9 |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | 21.3 |  |  |  | 12.1 |
|  |  | 60 |  |  | $ | 3.7 |  |  | $ | 62.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8.6 |  |  | $ | 13.6 |  |  | $ | 88.2 |  |  | $ | 31.1 |

Common shares issued in connection with acquisitions are valued at closing market prices as of the effective date of the applicable acquisition. We record escrow deposits that are returned to us as a result of adjustments to net assets acquired as reductions of goodwill when the escrows are settled. The maximum potential earnout payables disclosed in the foregoing table represent the maximum amount of additional consideration that could be paid pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement for the applicable acquisition. The amounts recorded as earnout payables, which are primarily based upon the estimated future operating results of the acquired entities over a two- to three-year period subsequent to the acquisition date, are measured at fair value as of the acquisition date and are included on that basis in the recorded purchase price consideration in the foregoing table. We will record subsequent changes in these estimated earnout obligations, including the accretion of discount, in our consolidated statement of earnings when incurred.

The fair value of these earnout obligations is based on the present value of the expected future payments to be made to the sellers of the acquired entities in accordance with the provisions outlined in the respective purchase agreements, which is a Level 3 fair value measurement. In determining fair value, we estimated the acquired entity’s future performance using financial projections developed by management for the acquired entity and market participant assumptions that were derived for revenue growth and/or profitability. Revenue growth rates generally ranged from 5.0% to 15.0% for our 2018 acquisitions. We estimated future payments using the earnout formula and performance targets specified in each purchase agreement and these financial projections. We then discounted these payments to present value using a risk-adjusted rate that takes into consideration market-based rates of return that reflect the ability of the acquired entity to achieve the targets. These discount rates generally ranged from 8.0% to 9.5% for all of our 2018 acquisitions. Changes in financial projections, market participant assumptions for revenue growth and/or profitability, or the risk-adjusted discount rate, would result in a change in the fair value of recorded earnout obligations.

During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recognized $5.1 million and $5.1 million, respectively, of expense in our consolidated statement of earnings related to the accretion of the discount recorded for earnout obligations in connection with our acquisitions. In addition, during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recognized $2.3 million of expense and $6.7 million of expense, respectively, related to net adjustments in the estimated fair value of earnout obligations in connection with revised projections of future performance for 39 and 40 acquisitions, respectively. The aggregate amount of maximum earnout obligations related to acquisitions was $571.0 million as of March 31, 2018, of which $270.9 million was recorded in our consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2018, based on the estimated fair value of the expected future payments to be made.

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The following is a summary of the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired at the date of each acquisition made in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 (in millions):

|  | MFG |  |  | M&A |  |  | Five Other Acquisitions |  |  | Total |
Cash |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |
Other current assets |  |  | 3.0 |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | 7.5 |
Fixed assets |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 2.1 |
Goodwill |  |  | 24.7 |  |  |  | 5.2 |  |  |  | 11.1 |  |  |  | 41.0 |
Expiration lists |  |  | 20.2 |  |  |  | 15.1 |  |  |  | 10.9 |  |  |  | 46.2 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.4 |
Total assets acquired |  |  | 48.5 |  |  |  | 22.3 |  |  |  | 26.6 |  |  |  | 97.4 |
Current liabilities |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 3.6 |  |  |  | 6.3 |
Noncurrent liabilities |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | 2.9 |
Total liabilities assumed |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | 5.3 |  |  |  | 9.2 |
Total net assets acquired |  | $ | 45.8 |  |  | $ | 21.1 |  |  | $ | 21.3 |  |  | $ | 88.2 |

Among other things, these acquisitions allow us to expand into desirable geographic locations, further extend our presence in the retail and wholesale insurance brokerage services and risk management industries and increase the volume of general services currently provided. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the tangible net assets acquired at the acquisition date was allocated to goodwill, expiration lists and non-compete agreements in the amounts of $41.0 million, $46.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, within the brokerage and risk management segments.

Provisional estimates of fair value are established at the time of each acquisition and are subsequently reviewed within the first year of operations subsequent to the acquisition date to determine the necessity for adjustments. The fair value of the tangible assets and liabilities for each applicable acquisition at the acquisition date approximated their carrying values. The fair value of expiration lists was established using the excess earnings method, which is an income approach based on estimated financial projections developed by management for each acquired entity using market participant assumptions. Revenue growth and attrition rates generally ranged from 3.0% to 3.5% and 5.0% to 10.0%, respectively, for our 2017 acquisitions for which valuations were performed in 2018. We estimate the fair value as the present value of the benefits anticipated from ownership of the subject customer list in excess of returns required on the investment in contributory assets necessary to realize those benefits. The rate used to discount the net benefits was based on a risk-adjusted rate that takes into consideration market-based rates of return and reflects the risk of the asset relative to the acquired business. These discount rates generally ranged from 12.0% to 14.0% for our 2017 acquisitions for which valuations were performed in 2018. The fair value of non-compete agreements was established using the profit differential method, which is an income approach based on estimated financial projections developed by management for the acquired company using market participant assumptions and various non-compete scenarios.

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Expiration lists, non-compete agreements and trade names related to our acquisitions are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives (two to fifteen years for expiration lists, two to five years for non-compete agreements and two to fifteen years for trade names), while goodwill is not subject to amortization. We use the straight-line method to amortize these intangible assets because the pattern of their economic benefits cannot be reasonably determined with any certainty. We review all of our intangible assets for impairment periodically (at least annually) and whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. In reviewing intangible assets, if the fair value were less than the carrying amount of the respective (or underlying) asset, an indicator of impairment would exist and further analysis would be required to determine whether or not a loss would need to be charged against current period earnings as a component of amortization expense.

Of the $46.2 million of expiration lists and $0.4 million of non-compete agreements related to our acquisitions made during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, $6.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively, is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. Accordingly, we recorded a deferred tax liability of $1.8 million, and a corresponding amount of goodwill, in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, related to nondeductible amortizable intangible assets.

Our consolidated financial statements for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 include the operations of the acquired entities from their respective acquisition dates. The following is a summary of the unaudited pro forma historical results, as if these entities had been acquired at January 1, 2017 (in millions, except per share data):

|  | Three-month period ended March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 1,839.5 |  |  | $ | 1,653.7 |
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests |  |  | 273.8 |  |  |  | 229.3 |
Basic net earnings per share |  |  | 1.51 |  |  |  | 1.28 |
Diluted net earnings per share |  |  | 1.48 |  |  |  | 1.27 |

The unaudited pro forma results above have been prepared for comparative purposes only and do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations which actually would have resulted had these acquisitions occurred at January 1, 2017, nor are they necessarily indicative of future operating results. Annualized revenues of entities acquired during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 totaled approximately $29.9 million. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, total revenues and net earnings recorded in our unaudited consolidated statement of earnings related to our acquisitions made during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 in the aggregate, were $6.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

5. |  | Other Current Assets

Major classes of other current assets consist of the following (in millions):

|  | March 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
Premium finance advances and loans |  | $ | 246.8 |  |  | $ | 305.5 |
Accrued supplemental, direct bill and other receivables |  |  | 229.7 |  |  |  | 244.5 |
Refined coal production related receivables |  |  | 128.8 |  |  |  | 156.8 |
Contract costs |  |  | 48.9 |  |  |  | 83.3 |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 95.0 |  |  |  | 91.5 |
Total other current assets |  | $ | 749.2 |  |  | $ | 881.6 |

The premium finance loans represent short-term loans which we make to many of our brokerage related clients and other non-brokerage clients to finance their premiums paid to underwriting enterprises. These premium finance loans are primarily generated by three Australian and New Zealand premium finance subsidiaries. Financing receivables are carried at amortized cost. Given that these receivables carry a fairly rapid delinquency period of only seven days post payment date, and that contractually the majority of the underlying insurance policies will be cancelled within one month of the payment due date in normal course, there historically has been a minimal risk of not receiving payment, and therefore we do not maintain any significant allowance for losses against this balance.

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6. |  | Intangible Assets

The carrying amount of goodwill at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 allocated by domestic and foreign operations is as follows (in millions):

At March 31, 2018 |  | Brokerage |  |  | Risk Management |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
United States |  | $ | 2,315.9 |  |  | $ | 25.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,341.0 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 776.0 |  |  |  | 7.6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 783.6 |
Canada |  |  | 367.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 367.8 |
Australia |  |  | 414.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 414.1 |
New Zealand |  |  | 214.0 |  |  |  | 10.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 224.9 |
Other foreign |  |  | 102.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | 104.9 |
Total goodwill - net |  | $ | 4,189.8 |  |  | $ | 43.6 |  |  | $ | 2.9 |  |  | $ | 4,236.3 |

At December 31, 2017 |  | Brokerage |  |  | Risk Management |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
United States |  | $ | 2,280.9 |  |  | $ | 25.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,306.7 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 738.5 |  |  |  | 7.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 745.7 |
Canada |  |  | 374.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 374.0 |
Australia |  |  | 416.6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 416.6 |
New Zealand |  |  | 209.3 |  |  |  | 9.6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 218.9 |
Other foreign |  |  | 99.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3.0 |  |  |  | 102.9 |
Total goodwill - net |  | $ | 4,119.2 |  |  | $ | 42.6 |  |  | $ | 3.0 |  |  | $ | 4,164.8 |

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 are as follows (in millions):

|  | Brokerage |  |  | Risk Management |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Balance as of December 31, 2017, as previously reported |  | $ | 4,152.3 |  |  | $ | 42.6 |  |  | $ | 3.0 |  |  | $ | 4,197.9 |
Adoption of ASC Topic 606 |  |  | (33.1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (33.1 | )
Balance at December 31, 2017, as restated |  |  | 4,119.2 |  |  |  | 42.6 |  |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | $ | 4,164.8 |
Goodwill acquired during the period |  |  | 38.3 |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41.0 |
Goodwill adjustments due to appraisals and other acquisition adjustments |  |  | 1.9 |  |  |  | (2.3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.4 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments during the period |  |  | 30.4 |  |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | 30.9 |
Balance as of March 31, 2018 |  | $ | 4,189.8 |  |  | $ | 43.6 |  |  | $ | 2.9 |  |  | $ | 4,236.3 |

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Major classes of amortizable intangible assets at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consist of the following (in millions):

|  | March 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
Expiration lists |  | $ | 3,128.1 |  |  | $ | 3,055.9 |
Accumulated amortization - expiration lists |  |  | (1,498.4 | ) |  |  | (1,422.1 | )
|  |  | 1,629.7 |  |  |  | 1,633.8 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 54.3 |  |  |  | 53.5 |
Accumulated amortization - non-compete agreements |  |  | (47.3 | ) |  |  | (46.1 | )
|  |  | 7.0 |  |  |  | 7.4 |
Trade names |  |  | 26.3 |  |  |  | 25.9 |
Accumulated amortization - trade names |  |  | (23.4 | ) |  |  | (22.5 | )
|  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | 3.4 |
Net amortizable assets |  | $ | 1,639.6 |  |  | $ | 1,644.6 |

Estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

2018 (remaining nine months) |  | $ | 198.2 |
2019 |  |  | 251.4 |
2020 |  |  | 234.6 |
2021 |  |  | 211.0 |
2022 |  |  | 187.4 |
Thereafter |  |  | 557.0 |
Total |  | $ | 1,639.6 |

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##### Table of Contents

7. |  | Credit and Other Debt Agreements

The following is a summary of our corporate and other debt (in millions):

|  | March 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
Note Purchase Agreements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 2.80%, balloon due June 24, 2018 |  |  | 50.0 |  |  |  | 50.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 5.85%, $50 million due |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
November 30, 2018 and November 30, 2019 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  |  | 100.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 3.20%, balloon due June 24, 2019 |  |  | 50.0 |  |  |  | 50.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 3.48%, balloon due June 24, 2020 |  |  | 50.0 |  |  |  | 50.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 3.99%, balloon due July 10, 2020 |  |  | 50.0 |  |  |  | 50.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 5.18%, balloon due February 10, 2021 |  |  | 75.0 |  |  |  | 75.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 3.69%, balloon due June 14, 2022 |  |  | 200.0 |  |  |  | 200.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 5.49%, balloon due February 10, 2023 |  |  | 50.0 |  |  |  | 50.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.13%, balloon due June 24, 2023 |  |  | 200.0 |  |  |  | 200.0 |
Quarterly payments of interest, floating rate of 90 day LIBOR plus 1.65%, balloon due August 2, 2023 |  |  | 50.0 |  |  |  | 50.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.58%, balloon due February 27, 2024 |  |  | 325.0 |  |  |  | 325.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.31%, balloon due June 24, 2025 |  |  | 200.0 |  |  |  | 200.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.73%, balloon due February 27, 2026 |  |  | 175.0 |  |  |  | 175.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.40%, balloon due June 2, 2026 |  |  | 175.0 |  |  |  | 175.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.36%, balloon due June 24, 2026 |  |  | 150.0 |  |  |  | 150.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.09%, balloon due June 27, 2027 |  |  | 125.0 |  |  |  | 125.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.09%, balloon due August 2, 2027 |  |  | 125.0 |  |  |  | 125.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.14%, balloon due August 4, 2027 |  |  | 98.0 |  |  |  | 98.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 3.46%, balloon due December 1, 2027 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  |  | 100.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.55%, balloon due June 2, 2028 |  |  | 75.0 |  |  |  | 75.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.98%, balloon due February 27, 2029 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  |  | 100.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.19%, balloon due June 27, 2029 |  |  | 50.0 |  |  |  | 50.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.19%, balloon due August 2, 2029 |  |  | 50.0 |  |  |  | 50.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.70%, balloon due June 2, 2031 |  |  | 25.0 |  |  |  | 25.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.34%, balloon due June 27, 2032 |  |  | 75.0 |  |  |  | 75.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.34%, balloon due August 2, 2032 |  |  | 75.0 |  |  |  | 75.0 |
Total Note Purchase Agreements |  |  | 2,798.0 |  |  |  | 2,798.0 |
Credit Agreement: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Periodic payments of interest and principal, prime or LIBOR plus up to 1.45%, expires April 8, 2021 |  |  | 360.0 |  |  |  | 190.0 |
Premium Financing Debt Facility - expires May 18, 2019: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Periodic payments of interest and principal, Interbank rates plus 1.05% for Facility B; plus 0.55% for Facilities C and D |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Facility B |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AUD denominated tranche |  |  | 84.8 |  |  |  | 116.4 |
NZD denominated tranche |  |  | 8.7 |  |  |  | 5.7 |
Facility C and D |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AUD denominated tranche |  |  | 16.8 |  |  |  | 18.5 |
NZD denominated tranche |  |  | 10.7 |  |  |  | 10.5 |
Total Premium Financing Debt Facility |  |  | 121.0 |  |  |  | 151.1 |
Total corporate and other debt |  |  | 3,279.0 |  |  |  | 3,139.1 |
Less unamortized debt acquisition costs on Note Purchase Agreements |  |  | (5.9 | ) |  |  | (6.1 | )
Net corporate and other debt |  | $ | 3,273.1 |  |  | $ | 3,133.0 |

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8. |  | Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net earnings per share (in millions, except per share data):

|  | Three-month period ended March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests |  | $ | 273.7 |  |  | $ | 228.8 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding |  |  | 181.5 |  |  |  | 178.9 |
Dilutive effect of stock options using the treasury stock method |  |  | 3.5 |  |  |  | 1.7 |
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding |  |  | 185.0 |  |  |  | 180.6 |
Basic net earnings per share |  | $ | 1.51 |  |  | $ | 1.28 |
Diluted net earnings per share |  | $ | 1.48 |  |  | $ | 1.27 |

Options to purchase 0.2 million and 0.3 million shares of common stock were outstanding at March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, but were not included in the computation of the dilutive effect of stock options for the three-month periods then ended. These stock options were excluded from the computation because the options’ exercise prices were greater than the average market price of our common shares during the respective period, and therefore, would be anti-dilutive to earnings per share under the treasury stock method.

9. |  | Stock Option Plans

On May 16, 2017, our stockholders approved the Arthur J. Gallagher 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan (which we refer to as the LTIP), which replaced our previous stockholder-approved Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan (which we refer to as the 2014 LTIP). The LTIP term began May 16, 2017 and terminates on the date of the annual meeting of stockholders in 2027, unless terminated earlier by our board of directors. All of our officers, employees and non-employee directors are eligible to receive awards under the LTIP. The compensation committee of our board of directors determines the annual number of shares delivered under the LTIP. The LTIP provides for non-qualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units, any or all of which may be made contingent upon the achievement of performance criteria.

Shares of our common stock available for issuance under the LTIP include authorized and unissued shares of common stock or authorized and issued shares of common stock reacquired and held as treasury shares or otherwise, or a combination thereof. The number of available shares will be reduced by the aggregate number of shares that become subject to outstanding awards granted under the LTIP. To the extent that shares subject to an outstanding award granted under the LTIP or prior equity plans are not issued or delivered by reason of the expiration, termination, cancellation or forfeiture of such award or by reason of the settlement of such award in cash, then such shares will again be available for grant under the LTIP.

The maximum number of shares available under the LTIP for restricted stock, restricted stock unit awards and performance unit awards settled with stock (i.e., all awards other than stock options and stock appreciation rights) is 3.5 million at March 31, 2018.

The LTIP provides for the grant of stock options, which may be either tax-qualified incentive stock options or non-qualified options and stock appreciation rights. The compensation committee determines the period for the exercise of a non-qualified stock option, tax-qualified incentive stock option or stock appreciation right, provided that no option can be exercised later than seven years after its date of grant. The exercise price of a non-qualified stock option or tax-qualified incentive stock option and the base price of a stock appreciation right cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of grant, provided that the base price of a stock appreciation right granted in tandem with an option will be the exercise price of the related option.

Upon exercise, the option exercise price may be paid in cash, by the delivery of previously owned shares of our common stock, through a net-exercise arrangement, or through a broker-assisted cashless exercise arrangement. The compensation committee determines all of the terms relating to the exercise, cancellation or other disposition of an option or stock appreciation right upon a termination of employment, whether by reason of disability, retirement, death or any other reason. Stock option and stock appreciation right awards under the LTIP are non-transferable.

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On March 15, 2018, the compensation committee granted 1,261,000 options under the 2017 LTIP to our officers and key employees that become exercisable at the rate of 34%, 33% and 33% on the anniversary date of the grant in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. On March 16, 2017, the compensation committee granted 1,650,400 options under the 2014 LTIP to our officers and key employees that become exercisable at the rate of 34%, 33% and 33% on the anniversary date of the grant in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The 2018 and 2017 options expire seven years from the date of grant, or earlier in the event of certain terminations of employment. For certain of our executive officers age 55 or older, stock options awarded in 2018 and 2017 are no longer subject to forfeiture upon such officers’ departure from the company after two years from the date of grant.

During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recognized $4.8 million and $4.1 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to our stock option grants.

For purposes of expense recognition, the estimated fair values of the stock option grants are amortized to expense over the options’ vesting period. We estimated the fair value of stock options at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Expected dividend yield |  |  | 2.3 | % |  |  | 2.8 | %
Expected risk-free interest rate |  |  | 2.7 | % |  |  | 2.3 | %
Volatility |  |  | 15.1 | % |  |  | 27.2 | %
Expected life (in years) |  |  | 5.5 |  |  |  | 5.0 |

Option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility. The Black-Scholes option pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. Because our employee and director stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the selective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management’s opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of our employee and non-employee director stock options. The weighted average fair value per option for all options granted during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, as determined on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, was $9.27 and $11.42, respectively.

The following is a summary of our stock option activity and related information for 2018 (in millions, except exercise price and year data):

|  | Three-month period ended March 31, 2018 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Weighted |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Average |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Weighted |  |  | Remaining |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Average |  |  | Contractual |  |  | Aggregate |
|  | Under |  |  | Exercise |  |  | Term |  |  | Intrinsic |
|  | Option |  |  | Price |  |  | (in years) |  |  | Value |
Beginning balance |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | $ | 45.27 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | 70.74 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (0.9 | ) |  |  | 35.41 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited or canceled |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | 48.86 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance |  |  | 9.8 |  |  | $ | 49.36 |  |  |  | 4.41 |  |  | $ | 192.5 |
Exercisable at end of period |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | $ | 42.16 |  |  |  | 2.44 |  |  | $ | 75.7 |
Ending vested and expected to vest |  |  | 6.7 |  |  | $ | 52.00 |  |  |  | 5.19 |  |  | $ | 114.2 |

Options with respect to 14.6 million shares (less any shares of restricted stock issued under the LTIP - see Note 11 to these unaudited consolidated financial statements) were available for grant under the LTIP at March 31, 2018.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $29.3 million and $16.6 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2018, we had approximately $44.2 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested options. We expect to recognize that cost over a weighted average period of approximately four years.

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Other information regarding stock options outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2018 is summarized as follows (in millions, except exercise price and year data):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Options Outstanding |  |  | Options Exercisable |
Range of Exercise Prices |  |  | Number Outstanding |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Number Exercisable |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |
$ | 26.09 |  |  | - |  | $ | 39.17 |  |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  | 1.59 |  |  | $ | 37.89 |  |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | $ | 37.89 |
| 43.71 |  |  | - |  |  | 43.71 |  |  |  | 2.4 |  |  |  | 4.96 |  |  |  | 43.71 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
| 46.17 |  |  | - |  |  | 46.87 |  |  |  | 3.1 |  |  |  | 3.49 |  |  |  | 46.49 |  |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  | 46.62 |
| 47.92 |  |  | - |  |  | 63.60 |  |  |  | 1.6 |  |  |  | 5.95 |  |  |  | 56.80 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
| 70.74 |  |  | - |  |  | 70.74 |  |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | 6.96 |  |  |  | 70.74 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
$ | 26.09 |  |  | - |  | $ | 70.74 |  |  |  | 9.8 |  |  |  | 4.41 |  |  | $ | 49.36 |  |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | $ | 42.16 |

10. |  | Deferred Compensation

We have a Deferred Equity Participation Plan (which we refer to as the DEPP), which is a non-qualified plan that generally provides for distributions to certain of our key executives when they reach age 62 (or the one-year anniversary of the date of the grant for participants over the age of 61 as of the grant date) or upon or after their actual retirement. Under the provisions of the DEPP, we typically contribute cash in an amount approved by the compensation committee to a rabbi trust on behalf of the executives participating in the DEPP, and instruct the trustee to acquire a specified number of shares of our common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions based on participant elections. Distributions under the DEPP may not normally be made until the participant reaches age 62 (or the one-year anniversary of the date of the grant for participants over the age of 61 as of the grant date) and are subject to forfeiture in the event of voluntary termination of employment prior to then. DEPP awards are generally made annually in the first quarter. In addition, we annually make awards under sub-plans of the DEPP for certain production staff, which generally provide for vesting and/or distributions no sooner than five years from the date of awards, although certain awards vest and/or distribute after the earlier of fifteen years or the participant reaching age 65. All contributions to the plan (including sub-plans) deemed to be invested in shares of our common stock are distributed in the form of our common stock and all other distributions are paid in cash.

Our common stock that is issued to or purchased by the rabbi trust as a contribution under the DEPP is valued at historical cost, which equals its fair market value at the date of grant or date of purchase. When common stock is issued, we record an unearned deferred compensation obligation as a reduction of capital in excess of par value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet, which is amortized to compensation expense ratably over the vesting period of the participants. Future changes in the fair market value of our common stock owed to the participants do not have any impact on the amounts recorded in our consolidated financial statements.

In the first quarter of each of 2018 and 2017, the compensation committee approved $11.5 million and $14.0 million, respectively, of awards in the aggregate to certain key executives under the DEPP that were contributed to the rabbi trust in first quarters of 2018 and 2017, respectively. We contributed cash to the rabbi trust and instructed the trustee to acquire a specified number of shares of our common stock on the open market to fund these 2018 and 2017 awards. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we charged $1.9 million and $1.8 million, respectively, to compensation expense related to these awards.

In the first quarter of 2018 and of 2017, the compensation committee approved $0.9 million and $4.0 million, respectively, of awards under the sub-plans referred to above, which were contributed to the rabbi trust in first quarter 2018 and 2017, respectively. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we charged $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, to compensation expense related to these awards. There were no distributions from the sub-plans during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018.

At March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we recorded $67.0 million (related to 2.8 million shares) and $54.7 million (related to 2.6 million shares), respectively, of unearned deferred compensation as a reduction of capital in excess of par value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The total intrinsic value of our unvested equity based awards under the plan at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $192.1 million and $166.0 million, respectively. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, there were no distributions under the DEPP. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2017, there were no distributions under the DEPP.

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We have a Deferred Cash Participation Plan (which we refer to as the DCPP), which is a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for certain key employees, other than executive officers, that generally provides for vesting and/or distributions no sooner than five years from the date of awards. Under the provisions of the DCPP, we typically contribute cash in an amount approved by compensation committee to the rabbi trust on behalf of the executives participating in the DCPP, and instruct the trustee to acquire a specified number of shares of our common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions based on participant elections. In the first quarter of each of 2018 and 2017, the compensation committee approved $5.6 million and $5.1 million, respectively, of awards in the aggregate to certain key executives under the DCPP that were contributed to the rabbi trust in second quarter 2018 and 2017, respectively. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we charged $0.8 million and $0.4 million, respectively, to compensation expense related to these awards. There were no distributions from the DCPP during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

11. |  | Restricted Stock, Performance Share and Cash Awards

Restricted Stock Awards

As discussed in Note 9 to these unaudited consolidated financial statements, on May 16, 2017, our stockholders approved the LTIP, which replaced our previous stockholder-approved 2014 LTIP. The LTIP provides for the grant of a stock award either as restricted stock or as restricted stock units. In either case, the compensation committee may determine that the award will be subject to the attainment of performance measures over an established performance period. Stock awards and the related dividend equivalents are non-transferable and subject to forfeiture if the holder does not remain continuously employed with us during the applicable restriction period or, in the case of a performance-based award, if applicable performance measures are not attained. The compensation committee will determine all of the terms relating to the satisfaction of performance measures and the termination of a restriction period, or the forfeiture and cancellation of a restricted stock award upon a termination of employment, whether by reason of disability, retirement, death or any other reason.

The agreements awarding restricted stock units under the LTIP will specify whether such awards may be settled in shares of our common stock, cash or a combination of shares and cash and whether the holder will be entitled to receive dividend equivalents, on a current or deferred basis, with respect to such award. Prior to the settlement of a restricted stock unit, the holder of a restricted stock unit will have no rights as a stockholder of the company. The maximum number of shares available under the LTIP for restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance unit awards settled with stock (i.e., all awards other than stock options and stock appreciation rights) is 4.0 million. At March 31, 2018, 3.5 million shares were available for grant under the LTIP for such awards.

In the first quarter of each of 2018 and 2017, we granted 420,200 and 477,500 restricted stock units, respectively, to employees under the LTIP, with an aggregate fair value of $28.7 million and $26.8 million, respectively, at the date of grant. These 2018 and 2017 awards of restricted stock units vest as follows: 420,200 units granted in first quarter 2018 and 477,500 units granted in first quarter 2017, vest in full based on continued employment through March 15, 2022 and March 16, 2021, respectively. For certain of our executive officers age 55 or older, restricted stock units awarded in 2018 and 2017 are not subject to forfeiture upon such officers’ departure from the company after two years from the date of grant.

We account for restricted stock awards at historical cost, which equals its fair market value at the date of grant, which is amortized to compensation expense ratably over the vesting period of the participants. Future changes in the fair value of our common stock that is owed to the participants do not have any impact on the amounts recorded in our consolidated financial statements. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recognized $6.5 million and $4.0 million, respectively, to compensation expense related to restricted stock unit awards granted in 2008 through 2018. The total intrinsic value of unvested restricted stock units at March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $121.9 million and $90.4 million, respectively. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, equity awards (including accrued dividends) with an aggregate fair value of $21.2 million and $18.8 million was vested and distributed to employees under this plan.

Performance Share Awards

On March 15, 2018 and March 16, 2017, pursuant to the LTIP, the compensation committee approved 78,200 and 86,250, respectively of provisional performance unit awards, with an aggregate fair value of $5.3 million and $4.9 million, respectively, for future grants to our officers. Each performance unit award was equivalent to the value of one share of our common stock on the date such provisional award was approved. The 2018 and 2017 awards are subject to a three-year performance period that begins on January 1, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and vest on the

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three-year anniversary of the date of grant (March 15, 2021 and March 16, 2020). For the 2018 and 2017 awards, at the discretion of the compensation committee and determined based on our performance, the eligible officer will be granted a percentage of the provisional performance unit award based on a new performance measure, growth in adjusted EBITDAC per share. Granted units for the 2018 and 2017 provisional awards will fully vest based on continuous employment through March 16, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and will be settled in shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis as soon as practicable thereafter. For certain of our executive officers age 55 or older, awards granted in 2018 and 2017 are no longer subject to forfeiture upon such officers’ departure from the company after two years from the date of grant. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, equity awards (including accrued dividends) with an aggregate fair value of $3.7 million and $2.8 million was vested and distributed to employees under this plan.

Cash Awards

On March 15, 2018, pursuant to our Performance Unit Program (which we refer to as the Program), the compensation committee approved provisional cash awards of $15.0 million in the aggregate for future grants to our officers and key employees that are denominated in units (219,000 units in the aggregate), each of which was equivalent to the value of one share of our common stock on the date the provisional award was approved. The Program consists of a one-year performance period based on our financial performance and a two-year vesting period. At the discretion of the compensation committee and determined based on our performance, the eligible officer or key employee will be granted a percentage of the provisional cash award units that equates to the EBITAC growth achieved (as defined in the Program). At the end of the performance period, eligible participants will be granted a number of units based on achievement of the performance goal and subject to approval by the compensation committee. Granted units for the 2018 provisional award will fully vest based on continuous employment through January 1, 2021. The ultimate award value will be equal to the trailing twelve-month price of our common stock on December 31, 2020, multiplied by the number of units subject to the award, but limited to between 0.5 and 1.5 times the original value of the units determined as of the grant date. The fair value of the awarded units will be paid out in cash as soon as practicable in 2021. If an eligible employee leaves us prior to the vesting date, the entire award will be forfeited. We did not recognize any compensation expense during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 related to the 2018 provisional award under the Program.

On March 16, 2017, pursuant to the Program, the compensation committee approved provisional cash awards of $14.3 million in the aggregate for future grant to our officers and key employees that are denominated in units (255,000 units in the aggregate), each of which was equivalent to the value of one share of our common stock on the date the provisional awards were approved. Terms of the 2017 provisional awards were similar to the terms of the 2018 provisional awards. Based on our performance for 2017, we granted 242,000 units under the Program in first quarter 2018 that will fully vest on January 1, 2020. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, we recognized $2.0 million to compensation expense related to these awards. We did not recognize compensation expense during the three-month period ended March 31, 2017 related to these awards.

On March 17, 2016, pursuant to the Program, the compensation committee approved provisional cash awards of $17.4 million in the aggregate for future grant to our officers and key employees that are denominated in units (397,000 units in the aggregate), each of which was equivalent to the value of one share of our common stock on the date the provisional awards were approved. Terms of the 2016 provisional awards were similar to the terms of the 2017 provisional awards. Based on our performance for 2016, we granted 383,000 units under the Program in first quarter 2017 that will fully vest on January 1, 2019. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recognized $4.2 million and $2.6 million to compensation expense related to these awards.

On March 11, 2015, pursuant to the Program, the compensation committee approved provisional cash awards of $14.6 million in the aggregate for future grant to our officers and key employees that are denominated in units (315,000 units in the aggregate), each of which was equivalent to the value of one share of our common stock on the date the provisional awards were approved. Terms of the 2015 provisional awards were similar to the terms of the 2016 provisional awards. Based on our performance for 2015, we granted 294,000 units under the Program in first quarter 2016 that fully vested on January 1, 2018. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017, we recognized $3.1 million, respectively, to compensation expense related to these awards.

During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, cash awards related to the 2015 provisional award with an aggregate fair value of $15.8 million (269,000 units in the aggregate) were vested and distributed to employees under the Program. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2017, cash awards related to the 2014 provisional award with an aggregate fair value of $9.3 million (199,000 units in the aggregate) were vested and distributed to employees under the Program.

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12. |  | Investments

The following is a summary of our investments, included in other noncurrent assets in the consolidated balance sheet, and the related funding commitments (in millions):

|  | March 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, |
|  |  |  |  | Funding |  |  | 2017 |
|  | Assets |  |  | Commitments |  |  | Assets |
Chem-Mod LLC |  | $ | 4.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4.0 |
Chem-Mod International LLC |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.0 |
Clean-coal investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Controlling interest in six limited liability companies that own fourteen 2009 Era Clean Coal Plants |  |  | 8.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10.2 |
Non-controlling interest in one limited liability company that owns one 2011 Era Clean Coal Plant |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.6 |
Controlling interest in seventeen limited liability companies that own nineteen 2011 Era Clean Coal Plants |  |  | 54.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 58.5 |
Other investments |  |  | 4.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3.8 |
Total investments |  | $ | 74.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 79.1 |

13. |  | Derivatives and Hedging Activity

We are exposed to market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. To manage the risk related to these exposures, we enter into various derivative instruments that reduce these risks by creating offsetting exposures. We generally do not enter into derivative transactions for trading or speculative purposes.

Foreign Exchange Risk Management

We are exposed to foreign exchange risk when we earn revenues, pay expenses, or enter into monetary intercompany transfers denominated in a currency that differs from our functional currency, or other transactions that are denominated in a currency other than our functional currency. We use foreign exchange derivatives, typically forward contracts and options, to reduce our overall exposure to the effects of currency fluctuations on cash flows. These exposures are hedged, on average, for less than two years.

Interest Rate Risk Management

We enter into various long-term debt agreements. We use interest rate derivatives, typically swaps, to reduce our exposure to the effects of interest rate fluctuations on the forecasted interest rates for up to two years into the future.

We have not received or pledged any collateral related to derivative arrangements at March 31, 2018.

The notional and fair values of derivative instruments are as follows at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in millions):

|  | Notional Amount |  |  | Derivative Assets (1) |  |  | Derivative Liabilities (2) |
|  | March 31, 2018 |  |  | Dec 31, 2017 |  |  | March 31, 2018 |  |  | Dec 31, 2017 |  |  | March 31, 2018 |  |  | Dec 31, 2017 |
Derivatives accounted for as hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | 275.0 |  |  | $ | 200.0 |  |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 2.2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign exchange contracts (3) |  |  | 38.5 |  |  |  | 18.7 |  |  |  | 9.4 |  |  |  | 8.1 |  |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  | 2.9 |
Total |  | $ | 313.5 |  |  | $ | 218.7 |  |  | $ | 15.8 |  |  | $ | 10.3 |  |  | $ | 2.0 |  |  | $ | 2.9 |

(1) | Included within other current assets, $12.3 million and $7.7 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and other noncurrent assets, $3.5 million and $2.7 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

(2) | Included within other current liabilities, $0.7 million and $1.6 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and other noncurrent liabilities, $1.3 million and $1.3 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

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(3) | Included within foreign exchange contracts at March 31, 2018 were $128.3 million of call options offset with $128.3 million of put options, and $26.7 million of buy forwards. Included within foreign exchange contracts at December 31, 2017 were $141.0 million of call options offset with $141.0 million of put options, and $13.3 million of buy forwards offset with $31.0 million of sell forwards.

The amounts of derivative gains (losses) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in millions):

|  | Commission |  |  | Compensation |  |  | Operating |  |  | Interest |  |  |  |
|  | Revenue |  |  | Expense |  |  | Expense |  |  | Expense |  |  | Total |
March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4.2 |  |  | $ | 4.2 |
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | 4.7 |  |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.3 |
Total |  | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | (0.2 | ) |  | $ | (0.2 | ) |  | $ | 4.2 |  |  | $ | 8.5 |
March 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | 2.4 |  |  |  | 1.8 |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5.4 |
Total |  | $ | 2.4 |  |  | $ | 1.8 |  |  | $ | 1.2 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 6.2 |

The amounts of derivative gains (losses) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income (effective portion) for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in millions):

|  | Commission |  |  | Compensation |  |  | Operating |  |  | Interest |  |  |  |
|  | Revenue |  |  | Expense |  |  | Expense |  |  | Expense |  |  | Total |
March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.6 |
Total |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 1.8 |
March 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | (2.8 | ) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2.4 | )
Total |  | $ | (2.8 | ) |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2.4 | )

We estimate that approximately $4.3 million of pretax gain currently included within accumulated other comprehensive loss will be reclassified into earnings in the next twelve months. The amount of gain (loss) recognized in earnings on the ineffective portion of derivatives for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $(0.5) million and $0.2 million, respectively.

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14. |  | Commitments, Contingencies and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In connection with our investing and operating activities, we have entered into certain contractual obligations and commitments. Our future minimum cash payments, including interest, associated with our contractual obligations pursuant to the note purchase agreements, Credit Agreement, Premium Financing Debt Facility, operating leases and purchase commitments at March 31, 2018 were as follows (in millions):

|  | Payments Due by Period |
Contractual Obligations |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Thereafter |  |  | Total |
Note purchase agreements |  | $ | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 75.0 |  |  | $ | 200.0 |  |  | $ | 2,223.0 |  |  | $ | 2,798.0 |
Credit Agreement |  |  | 360.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 360.0 |
Premium Financing Debt Facility |  |  | 121.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 121.0 |
Interest on debt |  |  | 94.0 |  |  |  | 115.2 |  |  |  | 110.6 |  |  |  | 106.0 |  |  |  | 100.3 |  |  |  | 368.2 |  |  |  | 894.3 |
Total debt obligations |  |  | 675.0 |  |  |  | 215.2 |  |  |  | 210.6 |  |  |  | 181.0 |  |  |  | 300.3 |  |  |  | 2,591.2 |  |  |  | 4,173.3 |
Operating lease obligations |  |  | 79.2 |  |  |  | 94.9 |  |  |  | 80.2 |  |  |  | 68.3 |  |  |  | 52.7 |  |  |  | 119.3 |  |  |  | 494.6 |
Less sublease arrangements |  |  | (0.6 | ) |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  |  | (0.6 | ) |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | (1.3 | ) |  |  | (4.3 | )
Outstanding purchase obligations |  |  | 37.3 |  |  |  | 24.3 |  |  |  | 13.2 |  |  |  | 2.2 |  |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 79.0 |
Total contractual obligations |  | $ | 790.9 |  |  | $ | 333.7 |  |  | $ | 303.3 |  |  | $ | 250.9 |  |  | $ | 354.6 |  |  | $ | 2,709.2 |  |  | $ | 4,742.6 |

The amounts presented in the table above may not necessarily reflect our actual future cash funding requirements, because the actual timing of future payments may vary from the stated contractual obligation.

Note Purchase Agreements, Credit Agreement and Premium Financing Debt Facility - See Note 7 to these unaudited consolidated financial statements for a summary of the amounts outstanding under the note purchase agreements, the Credit Agreement and Premium Financing Debt Facility.

Operating Lease Obligations - Our corporate segment’s executive offices and certain subsidiary and branch facilities of our brokerage and risk management segments are located at 2850 Golf Road, Rolling Meadows, Illinois, where we have approximately 360,000 square feet of space and will accommodate approximately 2,000 employees at peak capacity. Our prior headquarters were located at Two Pierce Place, Itasca, Illinois, where we leased approximately 306,000 square feet of space, or approximately 60% of the building. The lease commitment on the Itasca property expired on February 28, 2018. During first quarter 2017, we relocated our corporate office headquarters to the Rolling Meadows location and totally exited the leased space in third quarter 2017. No move related charges were incurred in the first quarter of 2018. Relating to the development of our new corporate headquarters, we expect to receive property tax related credits under a tax-increment financing note from Rolling Meadows and an Illinois state Economic Development for a Growing Economy (which we refer to as Edge) tax credit. Incentives from these two programs could total between $60.0 million and $80.0 million over a fifteen-year period. We have recognized approximately $11.0 million of Edge credits through March 31, 2018.

We generally operate in leased premises at our other locations. Certain of these leases have options permitting renewals for additional periods. In addition to minimum fixed rentals, a number of leases contain annual escalation clauses which are generally related to increases in an inflation index.

We have leased certain office space to several non-affiliated tenants under operating sublease arrangements. In the normal course of business, we expect that certain of these leases will not be renewed or replaced. We adjust charges for real estate taxes and common area maintenance annually based on actual expenses, and we recognize the related revenues in the year in which the expenses are incurred. These amounts are not included in the minimum future rentals to be received in the contractual obligations table above.

Outstanding Purchase Obligations - We typically do not have a material amount of outstanding purchase obligations at any point in time. The amount disclosed in the contractual obligations table above represents the aggregate amount of unrecorded purchase obligations that we had outstanding at March 31, 2018. These obligations represent agreements to purchase goods or services that were executed in the normal course of business.

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Off-Balance Sheet Commitments - Our total unrecorded commitments associated with outstanding letters of credit and financial guarantees as of March 31, 2018 were as follows (in millions):

|  | Amount of Commitment Expiration by Period |  |  | Total Amounts |
Off-Balance Sheet Commitments |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Thereafter |  |  | Committed |
Letters of credit |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16.5 |  |  | $ | 17.2 |
Financial guarantees |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  | 1.8 |
Total commitments |  | $ | 0.9 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 17.3 |  |  | $ | 19.0 |

Since commitments may expire unused, the amounts presented in the table above do not necessarily reflect our actual future cash funding requirements. See the Off-Balance Sheet Debt section below for a discussion of our letters of credit. All of the letters of credit represent multiple year commitments that have annual, automatic renewing provisions and are classified by the latest commitment date.

Since January 1, 2002, we have acquired 466 companies, all of which were accounted for using the acquisition method for recording business combinations. Substantially all of the purchase agreements related to these acquisitions contain provisions for potential earnout obligations. For all of our acquisitions made in the period from 2013 to 2018 that contain potential earnout obligations, such obligations are measured at fair value as of the acquisition date and are included on that basis in the recorded purchase price consideration for the respective acquisition. The amounts recorded as earnout payables are primarily based upon estimated future operating results of the acquired entities over a two- to three-year period subsequent to the acquisition date. The aggregate amount of the maximum earnout obligations related to these acquisitions was $571.0 million, of which $270.9 million was recorded in our consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2018 based on the estimated fair value of the expected future payments to be made.

Off-Balance Sheet Debt - Our unconsolidated investment portfolio includes investments in enterprises where our ownership interest is between 1% and 50%, in which management has determined that our level of influence and economic interest is not sufficient to require consolidation. As a result, these investments are accounted for under the equity method. None of these unconsolidated investments had any outstanding debt at March 31, 2018 or December 31, 2017, that was recourse to us.

At March 31, 2018, we had posted two letters of credit totaling $9.7 million, in the aggregate, related to our self-insurance deductibles, for which we had a recorded liability of $13.6 million. We have an equity investment in a rent-a-captive facility, which we use as a placement facility for certain of our insurance brokerage operations. At March 31, 2018, we had posted seven letters of credit totaling $6.3 million to allow certain of our captive operations to meet minimum statutory surplus requirements and for additional collateral related to premium and claim funds held in a fiduciary capacity, one letter of credit totaling $0.7 million to support our potential obligation under a client’s insurance program and one letter of credit totaling $0.5 million as a security deposit for a 2015 acquisition’s lease. These letters of credit have never been drawn upon.

Litigation, Regulatory and Taxation Matters - We are a defendant in various legal actions incidental to the nature of our business including but not limited to matters related to employment practices, alleged breaches of non-compete or other restrictive covenants, theft of trade secrets, breaches of fiduciary duties and related causes of action. We are also periodically the subject of inquiries, investigations and reviews by regulatory and taxing authorities into various matters related to our business, including our operational, compliance and finance functions. Neither the outcomes of these matters nor their effect upon our business, financial condition or results of operations can be determined at this time.

On April 18, 2018, Nalco Company (Nalco) filed patent infringement lawsuits against two unaffiliated power plants that burn refined coal using the Chem-Mod LLC process. The filing of these complaints followed Nalco’s voluntary dismissal of a complaint originally filed in the Northern District of Illinois in July 2014 against Chem-Mod LLC and other defendants and previously disclosed in our SEC filings. The newly filed complaints allege that the power plants have infringed a patent held by Nalco and seek unnamed damages and injunctive relief. Although neither Gallagher nor Chem-Mod LLC is named as a defendant in these lawsuits, we anticipate the defense of these lawsuits will be tendered to Chem-Mod LLC. If so tendered, Chem-Mod LLC intends to defend these matters vigorously. Litigation is inherently uncertain and, accordingly, it is not possible to predict the ultimate disposition of these matters.

Our micro-captive advisory services are under investigation by the IRS. Additionally, the IRS has initiated audits for the 2012 tax year of over 100 of the micro-captive underwriting enterprises organized and/or managed by us. Among other matters, the IRS is investigating whether we have been acting as a tax shelter promoter in connection with these

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operations. While the IRS has not made specific allegations relating to our operations, if the IRS were to successfully assert that the micro-captives organized and/or managed by us do not meet the requirements of IRC Section 831(b), we could be held liable to pay monetary claims by the IRS and/or our micro-captive clients, and our future earnings from our micro-captive operations could be materially adversely affected, any of which events, could negatively impact the overall captive business and adversely affect our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. In the period from 2015 to 2017, our micro-captive operations contributed less than $3.5 million of net earnings and less than $5.0 million in EBITDAC to our consolidated results in any one year. Due to the fact that the IRS has not made any allegation against us or completed its audits of our clients, we are not able to reasonably estimate the amount of any potential loss in connection with this investigation.

Contingent Liabilities - We purchase insurance to provide protection from errors and omissions (which we refer to as E&O) claims that may arise during the ordinary course of business. We currently retain the first $5.0 million of each and every E&O claim. Our E&O insurance provides aggregate coverage for E&O losses up to $175.0 million in excess of our retained amounts. We have historically maintained self-insurance reserves for the portion of our E&O exposure that is not insured. We periodically determine a range of possible reserve levels using actuarial techniques that rely heavily on projecting historical claim data into the future. Our E&O reserve in the March 31, 2018 consolidated balance sheet is above the lower end of the most recently determined actuarial range by $1.7 million and below the upper end of the actuarial range by $7.6 million. We can make no assurances that the historical claim data used to project the current reserve levels will be indicative of future claim activity. Thus, the E&O reserve level and corresponding actuarial range could change in the future as more information becomes known, which could materially impact the amounts reported and disclosed herein.

Tax-advantaged Investments No Longer Held - Between 1996 and 2007, we developed and then sold portions of our ownership in various energy related investments, many of which qualified for tax credits under IRC Section 29. We recorded tax benefits in connection with our ownership in these investments. At March 31, 2018, we had exposure on $108.0 million of previously earned tax credits. In 2004, 2007 and 2009, the IRS examined several of these investments and all examinations were closed without any changes being proposed by the IRS. However, any future adverse tax audits, administrative rulings or judicial decisions could disallow previously claimed tax credits.

Due to the contingent nature of this exposure and our related assessment of its likelihood, no reserve has been recorded in our March 31, 2018 consolidated balance sheet related to this exposure.

15. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Earnings (Loss)

The after-tax components of our accumulated other comprehensive earnings (loss) attributable to controlling interests consist of the following:

|  |  |  |  | Foreign |  |  | Fair Value of |  |  | Accumulated |
|  | Pension |  |  | Currency |  |  | Derivative |  |  | Comprehensive |
|  | Liability |  |  | Translation |  |  | Investments |  |  | Earnings (Loss) |
Balance as of December 31, 2017, as previously reported |  | $ | (43.0 | ) |  | $ | (525.8 | ) |  | $ | 8.9 |  |  | $ | (559.9 | )
Adoption of ASC Topic 606 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.5 |
Balance as of December 31, 2017, as restated |  |  | (43.0 | ) |  |  | (521.3 | ) |  |  | 8.9 |  |  |  | (555.4 | )
Reclassifications to retained earnings of income tax effects related to the Tax Act |  |  | (7.9 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | (6.6 | )
Net change in period |  |  | 7.0 |  |  |  | 62.3 |  |  |  | (6.8 | ) |  |  | 62.5 |
Balance as of March 31, 2018 |  | $ | (43.9 | ) |  | $ | (459.0 | ) |  | $ | 3.4 |  |  | $ | (499.5 | )

The foreign currency translation during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 primarily relates to the net impact of changes in the value of the local currencies relative to the U.S. dollar for our operations in Australia, Canada, the Caribbean, India, New Zealand and the U.K.

During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, $1.2 million and $1.4 million, respectively, of expense related to the pension liability was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive earnings (loss) to compensation expense in the statement of earnings. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017,

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$1.8 million of income and $2.4 million of expense, respectively, related to the fair value of derivative investments, was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive earnings (loss) to the statement of earnings. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, no amounts related to foreign currency translation were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive earnings (loss) to the statement of earnings.

16. Segment Information

We have three reportable segments: brokerage, risk management and corporate.

The brokerage segment is primarily comprised of our retail and wholesale insurance brokerage operations. The brokerage segment generates revenues through commissions paid by underwriting enterprises and through fees charged to our clients. Our brokers, agents and administrators act as intermediaries between underwriting enterprises and our clients and we do not assume net underwriting risks.

The risk management segment provides contract claim settlement and administration services for enterprises that choose to self-insure some or all of their property/casualty coverages and for underwriting enterprises that choose to outsource some or all of their property/casualty claims departments. These operations also provide claims management, loss control consulting and insurance property appraisal services. Revenues are principally generated on a negotiated per-claim or per-service fee basis. Our risk management segment also provides risk management consulting services that are recognized as the services are delivered.

The corporate segment manages our clean energy and other investments. In addition, the corporate segment reports the financial information related to our debt and other corporate costs and external acquisition-related expenses.

Allocations of investment income and certain expenses are based on reasonable assumptions and estimates primarily using revenue, headcount and other information. We allocate the provision for income taxes to the brokerage and risk management segments using the local country statutory rates. Reported operating results by segment would change if different methods were applied.

Financial information relating to our segments for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (in millions):

|  | Three-month period |
|  | ended March 31, |
|  |  |  |  | 2017 |
|  | 2018 |  |  | As Restated for Adoption of ASC 606 |
Brokerage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenues |  | $ | 1,195.6 |  |  | $ | 1,084.9 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | $ | 318.9 |  |  | $ | 276.5 |
Identifiable assets at March 31, 2018 and 2017 |  | $ | 13,784.2 |  |  | $ | 12,832.8 |
Risk Management |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenues |  | $ | 229.9 |  |  | $ | 209.9 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | $ | 21.6 |  |  | $ | 22.1 |
Identifiable assets at March 31, 2018 and 2017 |  | $ | 735.9 |  |  | $ | 697.7 |
Corporate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenues |  | $ | 412.2 |  |  | $ | 351.6 |
Loss before income taxes |  | $ | (98.2 | ) |  | $ | (99.0 | )
Identifiable assets at March 31, 2018 and 2017 |  | $ | 1,607.4 |  |  | $ | 1,659.4 |

Disaggregation of Revenue

We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with clients by type and geographic location for each of our segments, as we believe it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

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Revenues by type and segment for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 are as follows (in millions):

|  | Brokerage |  |  | Risk Management |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commissions |  | $ | 839.4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 839.4 |
Fees |  |  | 253.2 |  |  |  | 194.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 448.1 |
Supplemental revenues |  |  | 52.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 52.0 |
Contingent revenues |  |  | 34.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34.9 |
Investment income |  |  | 13.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13.4 |
Gains on books of business sales |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.9 |
Revenues from clean coal activities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 412.2 |  |  |  | 412.2 |
Revenues before reimbursements |  |  | 1,195.6 |  |  |  | 195.1 |  |  |  | 412.2 |  |  |  | 1,802.9 |
Reimbursements |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 34.8 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 1,195.6 |  |  | $ | 229.9 |  |  | $ | 412.2 |  |  | $ | 1,837.7 |

Revenues by geographical location and segment for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 are as follows (in millions):

|  | Brokerage |  |  | Risk Management |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 852.8 |  |  | $ | 192.7 |  |  | $ | 412.2 |  |  | $ | 1,457.7 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 191.0 |  |  |  | 9.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 200.0 |
Australia |  |  | 43.6 |  |  |  | 23.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 67.3 |
Canada |  |  | 42.8 |  |  |  | 1.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43.8 |
New Zealand |  |  | 30.1 |  |  |  | 3.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33.6 |
Other foreign |  |  | 35.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35.3 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 1,195.6 |  |  | $ | 229.9 |  |  | $ | 412.2 |  |  | $ | 1,837.7 |

Revenues by type and segment for the three-month period ended March 31, 2017, as restated for the adoption of ASC Topic 606, are as follows (in millions):

|  | Brokerage |  |  | Risk Management |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commissions |  | $ | 760.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 760.7 |
Fees |  |  | 228.3 |  |  |  | 176.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 405.0 |
Supplemental revenues |  |  | 47.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47.3 |
Contingent revenues |  |  | 35.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35.0 |
Investment income |  |  | 12.2 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12.3 |
Gains on books of business sales |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.4 |
Revenues from clean coal activities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 351.8 |  |  |  | 351.8 |
Other net losses |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | (0.2 | )
Revenues before reimbursements |  |  | 1,084.9 |  |  |  | 176.8 |  |  |  | 351.6 |  |  |  | 1,613.3 |
Reimbursements |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33.1 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 1,084.9 |  |  | $ | 209.9 |  |  | $ | 351.6 |  |  | $ | 1,646.4 |

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Revenues by geographical location and segment for the three-month period ended March 31, 2017, as restated for the adoption of ASC Topic 606, are as follows (in millions):

|  | Brokerage |  |  | Risk Management |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 793.0 |  |  | $ | 182.4 |  |  | $ | 351.6 |  |  | $ | 1,327.0 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 161.3 |  |  |  | 6.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 167.7 |
Australia |  |  | 40.3 |  |  |  | 18.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 59.0 |
Canada |  |  | 32.1 |  |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32.9 |
New Zealand |  |  | 27.1 |  |  |  | 1.6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28.7 |
Other foreign |  |  | 31.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 31.1 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 1,084.9 |  |  | $ | 209.9 |  |  | $ | 351.6 |  |  | $ | 1,646.4 |

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Review by Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The interim consolidated financial statements at March 31, 2018 and for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 have been reviewed by Ernst & Young LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, and their report is included herein.

Review Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.

Results of Review of Interim Financial Statements

We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. (Gallagher) as of March 31, 2018, the related consolidated statements of earnings and comprehensive earnings for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the consolidated statement of cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated interim financial statements”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of Gallagher as of December 31, 2017, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive earnings, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 9, 2018, we expressed an unqualified audit opinion on those consolidated financial statements. As described in Note 2 to Gallagher’s unaudited interim financial statements, on January 1, 2018, Gallagher adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, on a retrospective basis resulting in revision of the December 31, 2017, consolidated balance sheet. We have not audited and reported on the revised balance sheet reflecting the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

Basis for Review Results

These financial statements are the responsibility of Gallagher’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to Gallagher in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the PCAOB. We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial statements consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Ernst & Young LLP

Chicago, Illinois

May 7, 2018

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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The discussion and analysis that follows relates to our financial condition and results of operations for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018. Readers should review this information in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes included in Item 1 of Part I of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contained in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2017.

Information Regarding Non-GAAP Measures and Other

In the discussion and analysis of our results of operations that follows, in addition to reporting financial results in accordance with GAAP, we provide information regarding EBITDAC, EBITDAC margin, adjusted EBITDAC, adjusted EBITDAC margin, diluted net earnings per share, as adjusted (adjusted EPS) for the brokerage and risk management segments, adjusted revenues, adjusted compensation and operating expenses, adjusted compensation expense ratio, adjusted operating expense ratio and organic revenue measures for each operating segment. These measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative to, the GAAP information provided in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. We believe that these presentations provide useful information to management, analysts and investors regarding financial and business trends relating to our results of operations and financial condition. Our industry peers may provide similar supplemental non-GAAP information with respect to one or more of these measures, although they may not use the same or comparable terminology and may not make identical adjustments. The non-GAAP information we provide should be used in addition to, but not as a substitute for, the GAAP information provided. We make determinations regarding certain elements of executive officer compensation, performance share awards and annual cash incentive awards, partly on the basis of measures related to adjusted EBITDAC. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior-year amounts reported in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q in order to conform them to the current-year presentation.

Adjusted Non-GAAP presentation - We believe that the adjusted Non-GAAP presentations of the current and prior year information presented on the following pages provides stockholders and other interested persons with useful information regarding certain financial metrics that may assist such persons in analyzing our operating results as they develop a future earnings outlook for us. The after-tax amounts related to the adjustments were computed using the normalized effective tax rate for each respective period.

| • |  | Adjusted revenues and expenses - We define these measures as revenues (for the brokerage segment), revenues before reimbursements (for the risk management segment) compensation expense and operating expense, respectively, each adjusted to exclude the following:

| • |  | Net gains realized from sales of books of business, which are primarily net proceeds received related to sales of books of business and other divestiture transactions.

| • |  | Acquisition integration costs, which include costs related to certain of our large acquisitions, outside the scope of our usual tuck-in strategy, not expected to occur on an ongoing basis in the future once we fully assimilate the applicable acquisition. These costs are typically associated with redundant workforce, extra lease space, duplicate services and external costs incurred to assimilate the acquisition with our IT related systems.

| • |  | Workforce related charges, which primarily include severance costs related to employee terminations and other costs associated with redundant workforce.

| • |  | Lease termination related charges, which primarily include costs related to terminations of real estate leases and abandonment of leased space.

| • |  | Acquisition related adjustments, which include changes in estimated acquisition earnout payables adjustments, impacts of acquisition valuation true-ups, impairment charges and acquisition related compensation charges.

| • |  | The impact of foreign currency translation, as applicable. The amounts excluded with respect to foreign currency translation are calculated by applying current year foreign exchange rates to the same periods in the prior year.

| • |  | For the litigation settlement and home office lease termination/move adjustments for the corporate segment, see pages 61 and 62 for a more detailed description of the nature of these adjustments.

| • |  | Adjusted ratios - Adjusted compensation expense and operating expense, respectively, each divided by adjusted revenues.

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Non-GAAP Earnings Measures

We believe that the presentation of EBITDAC, EBITDAC margin, adjusted EBITDAC, adjusted EBITDAC margin and adjusted EPS for the brokerage and risk management segment, each as defined below, provides a meaningful representation of our operating performance. Adjusted EPS is a performance measure and should not be used as a measure of our liquidity. We also consider EBITDAC and EBITDAC margin as ways to measure financial performance on an ongoing basis. In addition, adjusted EBITDAC, adjusted EBITDAC margin and adjusted EPS for the brokerage and risk management segments are presented to improve the comparability of our results between periods by eliminating the impact of the items that have a high degree of variability.

| • |  | EBITDAC and EBITDAC Margin - EBITDAC is net earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization and the change in estimated acquisition earnout payables and EBITDAC margin is EBITDAC divided by total revenues. These measures for the brokerage and risk management segments provide a meaningful representation of our operating performance and, for the overall business, provide a meaningful way to measure its financial performance on an ongoing basis.

| • |  | Adjusted EBITDAC and Adjusted EBITDAC Margin - Adjusted EBITDAC is EBITDAC adjusted to exclude gains realized from sales of books of business, acquisition integration costs, workforce related charges, lease termination related charges, acquisition related adjustments, and the period-over-period impact of foreign currency translation, as applicable and Adjusted EBITDAC margin is Adjusted EBITDAC divided by total adjusted revenues (defined above). These measures for the brokerage and risk management segments provide a meaningful representation of our operating performance and, are also presented to improve the comparability of our results between periods by eliminating the impact of the items that have a high degree of variability.

| • |  | Adjusted EPS for the Brokerage and Risk Management segments - We define this measure as net earnings adjusted to exclude the after-tax impact of gains realized from sales of books of business, acquisition integration costs, workforce related charges, lease termination related charges and acquisition related adjustments, the period-over-period impact of foreign currency translation, as applicable, divided by diluted weighted average shares outstanding. This measure provides a meaningful representation of our operating performance (and as such should not be used as a measure of our liquidity), and is also presented to improve the comparability of our results between periods by eliminating the impact of the items that have a high degree of variability.

Organic Revenues (a non-GAAP measure) - For the brokerage segment, organic change in base commission and fee revenues excludes the first twelve months of net commission and fee revenues generated from acquisitions and the net commission and fee revenues related to operations disposed of in each year presented. These commissions and fees are excluded from organic revenues in order to help interested persons analyze the revenue growth associated with the operations that were a part of our business in both the current and prior year. In addition, change in base commission and fee revenue organic growth excludes the period-over-period impact of foreign currency translation. For the risk management segment, organic change in fee revenues excludes the first twelve months of fee revenues generated from acquisitions and the fee revenues related to operations disposed of in each year presented. In addition, change in organic growth excludes the period-over-period impact of foreign currency translation to improve the comparability of our results between periods by eliminating the impact of the items that have a high degree of variability or are due to the limited-time nature of these revenue sources.

These revenue items are excluded from organic revenues in order to determine a comparable, but non-GAAP, measurement of revenue growth that is associated with the revenue sources that are expected to continue in the current year and beyond. We have historically viewed organic revenue growth as an important indicator when assessing and evaluating the performance of our brokerage and risk management segments. We also believe that using this non-GAAP measure allows readers of our financial statements to measure, analyze and compare the growth from our brokerage and risk management segments in a meaningful and consistent manner.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Information Presented to GAAP Measures - This quarterly report on Form 10-Q includes tabular reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP measures for adjusted revenues, adjusted compensation expense and adjusted operating expense, EBITDAC, EBITDAC margin, adjusted EBITDAC, adjusted EBITDAC margin, diluted net earnings per share (as adjusted) and organic revenue measures.

Other Information - Allocations of investment income and certain expenses are based on reasonable assumptions and estimates primarily using revenue, headcount and other information. We allocate the provision for income taxes to the brokerage and risk management segments using local statutory rates. As a result, the provision for income taxes for the corporate segment reflects the entire benefit to us of the IRC Section 45 credits produced, because that is the segment which generated the credits. The law that provides for IRC Section 45 credits substantially expires in

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December 2019 for our fourteen 2009 Era Plants and in December 2021 for our twenty 2011 Era Plants. We anticipate reporting an effective tax rate of approximately 24.0% to 26.0% in the brokerage segment and 25.0% to 27.0% in the risk management segment for the foreseeable future. Reported operating results by segment would change if different allocation methods were applied.

In the discussion that follows regarding our results of operations, we also provide the following ratios with respect to our operating results: pretax profit margin, compensation expense ratio and operating expense ratio. Pretax profit margin represents pretax earnings divided by total revenues. The compensation expense ratio is compensation expense divided by total revenues. The operating expense ratio is operating expense divided by total revenues.

Overview and First Quarter 2018 Highlights

We are engaged in providing insurance brokerage and consulting services, and third-party property/casualty claims settlement and administration services to entities in the U.S. and abroad. In the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, we generated approximately 75% of our revenues for the combined brokerage and risk management segments domestically and 25% internationally, primarily in Australia, Bermuda, Canada, the Caribbean, New Zealand and the U.K. We have three reportable segments: brokerage, risk management and corporate, which contributed approximately 65%, 13% and 22%, respectively, to revenues during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018. Our major sources of operating revenues are commissions, fees and supplemental and contingent revenues from brokerage operations and fees from risk management operations. Investment income is generated from invested cash and fiduciary funds, clean energy and other investments, and interest income from premium financing.

We typically cite the Council of Insurance Agents and Brokers (which we refer to as CIAB) insurance pricing quarterly survey at this time as an indicator of the current insurance rate environment, but the first quarter 2018 survey had not been published as of the filing date of this report. We anticipate that the trends noted in the fourth quarter 2017 survey will likely be similar to what will be reported for first quarter 2018. The fourth quarter 2017 CIAB survey indicated that commercial property/casualty rates increased by 0.3%, on average, across all lines.

In 2018, while we see retail property/casualty rates as stable, we do see modest property/casualty exposure growth. We also see employment growth along with complexity and uncertainty surrounding the Affordable Care Act as tailwinds for our employee benefit units. In addition, our history of strong new business generation, solid retentions and enhanced value-added services for our carrier partners should all result in further organic growth opportunities around the world. Internationally, the U.K. retail and Canada property/casualty markets are similar to the U.S., pricing is bottoming in London Specialty, and we are experiencing an improving market in Australia and New Zealand. Overall, we believe a stable rate environment with modestly growing exposure units. In this environment, we believe our professionals can demonstrate our expertise and high quality value added capabilities by strengthening our clients’ insurance portfolio. Based on our experience, insurance carriers appear to be making rational pricing decisions. In lines and accounts where rate increases or decreases are warranted, the underwriters are pricing accordingly. As carriers reach their profitability targets in lines, rates may start to flatten. In summary, in this environment, clients can still obtain coverage, businesses continue to stay in standard-line markets and there is adequate capacity in the insurance market. It is not clear whether the rate retraction will continue due to uncertainty of the current economic environment. The CIAB represents the leading domestic and international insurance brokers, who write approximately 85% of the commercial property/casualty premiums in the U.S.

New Accounting Statement Impact on Consolidated Financial Statements

As a result of adopting a new revenue recognition accounting statement, we restated our consolidated financial statements and related information from amounts previously reported herein. Notes 2 and 3 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this report contains information regarding the impact the new revenue recognition accounting standard had on our future financial presentation. This new standard was effective for us in first quarter 2018. While the adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the presentation of our consolidated results of operations on an annual basis, there was a material impact on the presentation of our results in certain quarters due to timing changes in the recognition of certain revenue and expenses. As a result, we did experience a different “seasonality” in our quarterly results after adoption of the new standard, with a shift in the timing of revenue recognized from the second, third and fourth quarters to the first quarter.

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Summary of Financial Results—Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017

See the reconciliations of non-GAAP measures on page 45.

(Dollars in millions, except per share data) |  | 1st Quarter 2018 |  |  | 1st Quarter 2017 |  |  | Change |
|  | Reported |  |  | Adjusted |  |  | Reported |  |  | Adjusted |  |  | Reported |  |  | Adjusted |
Brokerage Segment |  | GAAP |  |  | Non-GAAP |  |  | GAAP |  |  | Non-GAAP |  |  | GAAP |  |  | Non-GAAP |
Revenues |  | $ | 1,195.6 |  |  | $ | 1,192.7 |  |  | $ | 1,084.9 |  |  | $ | 1,107.8 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 8 | %
Organic revenues |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,143.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,090.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.9 | %
Net earnings |  | $ | 239.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 179.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33 | % |  |  |  |
Net earnings margin |  |  | 20.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16.6 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | +346 bpts |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDAC |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 415.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 380.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9 | %
Adjusted EBITDAC margin |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | +49 bpts |
Diluted net earnings per share |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 1.30 |  |  | $ | 0.96 |  |  | $ | 1.03 |  |  |  | 31 | % |  |  | 26 | %
Risk Management Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues before reimbursements |  | $ | 195.1 |  |  | $ | 195.1 |  |  | $ | 176.8 |  |  | $ | 178.1 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 10 | %
Organic revenues |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 191.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 178.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7.7 | %
Net earnings |  | $ | 15.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 13.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15 | % |  |  |  |
Net earnings margin (before reimbursements) |  |  | 8.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | +34 bpts |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDAC |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 32.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 30.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 | %
Adjusted EBITDAC margin (before reimbursements) |  |  |  | 16.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | -73 bpts |
Diluted net earnings per share |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  |  | 13 | % |  |  | 13 | %
Corporate Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted net earnings per share |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | 0.23 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  |  | -43 | % |  |  | -50 | %
Total Company |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted net earnings per share |  | $ | 1.48 |  |  | $ | 1.52 |  |  | $ | 1.27 |  |  | $ | 1.37 |  |  |  | 17 | % |  |  | 11 | %

In our corporate segment, net after-tax earnings from our clean energy investments were $52.5 million and $63.1 million in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We anticipate our clean energy investments to generate between $104.0 million and $112.0 million in net earnings in 2018. We expect to use the additional cash flow generated by these earnings to continue our mergers and acquisition strategy in our core brokerage and risk management operations.

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The following provides information that management believes is helpful when comparing revenues before reimbursements, net earnings, EBITDAC and diluted net earnings per share for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 with the same period in 2017. In addition, these tables provides reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP measures for adjusted revenues, adjusted EBITDAC and adjusted diluted net earnings per share. Reconciliations of EBITDAC for the brokerage and risk management segments are provided on pages 48 and 54, respectively, of this filing.

Quarter Ended March 31 Reported GAAP to Adjusted Non-GAAP Reconciliation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Diluted Net |
|  | Revenues Before Reimbursements |  |  | Net Earnings |  |  | EBITDAC |  |  | Earnings Per Share |
Segment |  | 1st Q 18 |  |  | 1st Q 17 |  |  | 1st Q 18 |  |  | 1st Q 17 |  |  | 1st Q 18 |  |  | 1st Q 17 |  |  | 1st Q 18 |  |  | 1st Q 17 |  |  | Chg |
|  | (in millions) |  |  | (in millions) |  |  | (in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brokerage, as reported |  | $ | 1,195.6 |  |  | $ | 1,084.9 |  |  | $ | 239.2 |  |  | $ | 179.6 |  |  | $ | 407.8 |  |  | $ | 366.8 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 0.96 |  |  |  |  |
Gains on book sales |  |  | (2.9 | ) |  |  | (1.4 | ) |  |  | (2.2 | ) |  |  | (1.0 | ) |  |  | (2.9 | ) |  |  | (1.4 | ) |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition integration |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |  |
Workforce & lease termination |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5.7 |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | 7.6 |  |  |  | 3.9 |  |  |  | 0.03 |  |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition related adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3.9 |  |  |  | 6.2 |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  | 0.03 |  |  |  |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |  |
Brokerage, as adjusted * |  |  | 1,192.7 |  |  |  | 1,107.8 |  |  |  | 246.6 |  |  |  | 191.8 |  |  |  | 415.2 |  |  |  | 380.2 |  |  |  | 1.30 |  |  |  | 1.03 |  |  |  |  |
Risk Management, as reported |  |  | 195.1 |  |  |  | 176.8 |  |  |  | 15.9 |  |  |  | 13.8 |  |  |  | 31.9 |  |  |  | 30.2 |  |  |  | 0.09 |  |  |  | 0.08 |  |  |  |  |
Workforce & lease termination |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition related adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Risk Management, as adjusted * |  |  | 195.1 |  |  |  | 178.1 |  |  |  | 16.0 |  |  |  | 14.0 |  |  |  | 32.1 |  |  |  | 30.6 |  |  |  | 0.09 |  |  |  | 0.08 |  |  |  |  |
Corporate, as reported |  |  | 412.2 |  |  |  | 351.6 |  |  |  | 30.9 |  |  |  | 48.6 |  |  |  | (59.9 | ) |  |  | (61.9 | ) |  |  | 0.13 |  |  |  | 0.23 |  |  |  |  |
Litigation settlement |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  |  |
Home office lease termination/move |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |  |  |
Corporate, as adjusted * |  |  | 412.2 |  |  |  | 351.6 |  |  |  | 30.9 |  |  |  | 55.4 |  |  |  | (59.9 | ) |  |  | (52.4 | ) |  |  | 0.13 |  |  |  | 0.26 |  |  |  |  |
Total Company, as reported |  | $ | 1,802.9 |  |  | $ | 1,613.3 |  |  | $ | 286.0 |  |  | $ | 242.0 |  |  | $ | 379.8 |  |  | $ | 335.1 |  |  | $ | 1.48 |  |  | $ | 1.27 |  |  |  | 17 | %
Total Company, as adjusted * |  | $ | 1,800.0 |  |  | $ | 1,637.5 |  |  | $ | 293.5 |  |  | $ | 261.2 |  |  | $ | 387.4 |  |  | $ | 358.4 |  |  | $ | 1.52 |  |  | $ | 1.37 |  |  |  | 11 | %
Total Brokerage & Risk |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management, as reported |  | $ | 1,390.7 |  |  | $ | 1,261.7 |  |  | $ | 255.1 |  |  | $ | 193.4 |  |  | $ | 439.7 |  |  | $ | 397.0 |  |  | $ | 1.35 |  |  | $ | 1.04 |  |  |  | 30 | %
Total Brokerage & Risk |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management, as adjusted * |  | $ | 1,387.8 |  |  | $ | 1,285.9 |  |  | $ | 262.6 |  |  | $ | 205.8 |  |  | $ | 447.3 |  |  | $ | 410.8 |  |  | $ | 1.39 |  |  | $ | 1.11 |  |  |  | 25 | %

* | For the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, the pretax impact of the brokerage segment adjustments totals $9.8 million, with a corresponding adjustment to the provision for income taxes of $2.4 million relating to these items. The pretax impact of the risk management segment adjustments totals $0.1 million, with no corresponding adjustment to the provision for income taxes relating to these items.

For the three-month period ended March 31, 2017, the pretax impact of the brokerage segment adjustments totals $17.8 million, with a corresponding adjustment to the provision for income taxes of $5.6 million relating to these items. The pretax impact of the risk management segment adjustment totals $0.4 million, with a corresponding adjustment to the provision for income taxes of $0.2 million relating to that item. The pretax impact of the corporate segment adjustments totals $9.5 million, with a corresponding adjustment to the benefit for income taxes of $2.7 million relating to that item.

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Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures—Pre-tax Earnings and Diluted Net Earnings per Share

(In millions except share and per share data) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net Earnings |  |  | Net Earnings |  |  |  |
|  | Earnings |  |  | Provision |  |  |  |  |  | (Loss) |  |  | (Loss) |  |  | Diluted Net |
|  | (Loss) |  |  | (Benefit) |  |  |  |  |  | Attributable to |  |  | Attributable to |  |  | Earnings |
|  | Before Income |  |  | for Income |  |  | Net |  |  | Noncontrolling |  |  | Controlling |  |  | (Loss) |
|  | Taxes |  |  | Taxes |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Interests |  |  | Interests |  |  | per Share |
Quarter Ended March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brokerage, as reported |  | $ | 318.9 |  |  | $ | 79.7 |  |  | $ | 239.2 |  |  | $ | 5.0 |  |  | $ | 234.2 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |
Gains on book sales |  |  | (2.9 | ) |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  |  | (2.2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2.2 | ) |  |  | (0.01 | )
Workforce & lease termination |  |  | 7.6 |  |  |  | 1.9 |  |  |  | 5.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5.7 |  |  |  | 0.03 |
Acquisition related adjustments |  |  | 5.1 |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | 3.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3.9 |  |  |  | 0.02 |
Brokerage, as adjusted |  | $ | 328.7 |  |  | $ | 82.1 |  |  | $ | 246.6 |  |  | $ | 5.0 |  |  | $ | 241.6 |  |  | $ | 1.30 |
Risk Management, as reported |  | $ | 21.6 |  |  | $ | 5.7 |  |  | $ | 15.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15.9 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |
Workforce & lease termination |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |
Acquisition related adjustments |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | — |
Risk Management, as adjusted |  | $ | 21.7 |  |  | $ | 5.7 |  |  | $ | 16.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16.0 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |
Quarter Ended March 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brokerage, as reported |  | $ | 276.5 |  |  | $ | 96.9 |  |  | $ | 179.6 |  |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 173.2 |  |  | $ | 0.96 |
Gains on book sales |  |  | (1.4 | ) |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | (1.0 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1.0 | ) |  |  | — |
Acquisition integration |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  | 0.01 |
Workforce & lease termination |  |  | 3.9 |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | 0.02 |
Acquisition related adjustments |  |  | 9.0 |  |  |  | 2.8 |  |  |  | 6.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6.2 |  |  |  | 0.03 |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | 3.4 |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  | 0.01 |
Brokerage, as adjusted |  | $ | 294.3 |  |  | $ | 102.5 |  |  | $ | 191.8 |  |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 185.4 |  |  | $ | 1.03 |
Risk Management, as reported |  | $ | 22.1 |  |  | $ | 8.3 |  |  | $ | 13.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13.8 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |
Workforce & lease termination |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |
Risk Management, as adjusted |  | $ | 22.5 |  |  | $ | 8.5 |  |  | $ | 14.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14.0 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |
Corporate, as reported |  | $ | (99.0 | ) |  | $ | (147.6 | ) |  | $ | 48.6 |  |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  | $ | 41.8 |  |  | $ | 0.23 |
Litigation settlement |  |  | 5.5 |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | 4.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.4 |  |  |  | 0.02 |
Home office lease termination/move |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | 1.6 |  |  |  | 2.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.4 |  |  |  | 0.01 |
Corporate, as adjusted |  | $ | (89.5 | ) |  | $ | (144.9 | ) |  | $ | 55.4 |  |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  | $ | 48.6 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |

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Results of Operations

Brokerage

The brokerage segment accounted for 65% of our revenues during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018. Our brokerage segment is primarily comprised of retail and wholesale brokerage operations. Our brokerage segment generates revenues by:

| (i) | Identifying, negotiating and placing all forms of insurance or reinsurance coverage, as well as providing risk-shifting, risk-sharing and risk-mitigation consulting services, principally related to property/casualty, life, health, welfare and disability insurance. We also provide these services through, or in conjunction with, other unrelated agents and brokers, consultants and management advisors.

| (ii) | Acting as an agent or broker for multiple underwriting enterprises by providing services such as sales, marketing, selecting, negotiating, underwriting, servicing and placing insurance coverage on their behalf.

| (iii) | Providing consulting services related to health and welfare benefits, voluntary benefits, executive benefits, compensation, retirement planning, institutional investment and fiduciary, actuarial, compliance, private insurance exchange, human resource technology, communications and benefits administration.

| (iv) | Providing management and administrative services to captives, pools, risk-retention groups, healthcare exchanges, small underwriting enterprises, such as accounting, claims and loss processing assistance, feasibility studies, actuarial studies, data analytics and other administrative services.

The majority of our brokerage contracts and service understandings are for a period of one year or less.

The primary source of revenues for our brokerage services are commissions from underwriting enterprises, based on a percentage of premiums paid by our clients, or fees received from clients based on an agreed level of service usually in lieu of commissions. Commissions are fixed at the contract effective date and generally are based on a percentage of premiums for insurance coverage or employee head count for employer sponsored benefit plans. Commissions depend upon a large number of factors, including the type of risk being placed, the particular underwriting enterprise’s demand, the expected loss experience of the particular risk of coverage, and historical benchmarks surrounding the level of effort necessary for us to place and service the insurance contract. Rather than being tied to the amount of premiums, fees are most often based on an expected level of effort to provide our services. In addition, under certain circumstances, both retail brokerage and wholesale brokerage services receive supplemental and contingent revenues. Supplemental revenue is revenue paid by an underwriting enterprise that is above the base commissions paid, is determined by the underwriting enterprise and is established annually in advance of the contractual period based on historical performance criteria. Contingent revenue is revenue paid by an underwriting enterprise based on the overall profit and/or volume of the business placed with that underwriting enterprise during a particular calendar year and is determined after the contractual period.

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##### Table of Contents

Financial information relating to our brokerage segment results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017, is as follows (in millions, except per share, percentages and workforce data):

|  | Three-month period |
|  | ended March 31, |
Statement of Earnings |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | Change |
Commissions |  | $ | 839.4 |  |  | $ | 760.7 |  |  | $ | 78.7 |
Fees |  |  | 253.2 |  |  |  | 228.3 |  |  |  | 24.9 |
Supplemental revenues |  |  | 52.0 |  |  |  | 47.3 |  |  |  | 4.7 |
Contingent revenues |  |  | 34.9 |  |  |  | 35.0 |  |  |  | (0.1 | )
Investment income |  |  | 13.2 |  |  |  | 12.2 |  |  |  | 1.0 |
Gains realized on books of business sales |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  | 1.5 |
Total revenues |  |  | 1,195.6 |  |  |  | 1,084.9 |  |  |  | 110.7 |
Compensation |  |  | 625.4 |  |  |  | 568.6 |  |  |  | 56.8 |
Operating |  |  | 162.4 |  |  |  | 149.5 |  |  |  | 12.9 |
Depreciation |  |  | 14.8 |  |  |  | 14.9 |  |  |  | (0.1 | )
Amortization |  |  | 66.9 |  |  |  | 63.6 |  |  |  | 3.3 |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  |  | 7.2 |  |  |  | 11.8 |  |  |  | (4.6 | )
Total expenses |  |  | 876.7 |  |  |  | 808.4 |  |  |  | 68.3 |
Earnings before income taxes |  |  | 318.9 |  |  |  | 276.5 |  |  |  | 42.4 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 79.7 |  |  |  | 96.9 |  |  |  | (17.2 | )
Net earnings |  |  | 239.2 |  |  |  | 179.6 |  |  |  | 59.6 |
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 5.0 |  |  |  | 6.4 |  |  |  | (1.4 | )
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests |  | $ | 234.2 |  |  | $ | 173.2 |  |  | $ | 61.0 |
Diluted net earnings per share |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 0.96 |  |  | $ | 0.30 |
Other Information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in diluted net earnings per share |  |  | 31 | % |  |  | 13 | % |  |  |  |
Growth in revenues |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 7 | % |  |  |  |
Organic change in commissions and fees |  |  | 5 | % |  |  | 3 | % |  |  |  |
Compensation expense ratio |  |  | 52 | % |  |  | 52 | % |  |  |  |
Operating expense ratio |  |  | 14 | % |  |  | 14 | % |  |  |  |
Effective income tax rate |  |  | 25 | % |  |  | 35 | % |  |  |  |
Workforce at end of period (includes acquisitions) |  |  | 20,427 |  |  |  | 19,116 |  |  |  |  |
Identifiable assets at March 31 |  | $ | 13,784.2 |  |  | $ | 12,832.8 |  |  |  |  |
EBITDAC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 239.2 |  |  | $ | 179.6 |  |  | $ | 59.6 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 79.7 |  |  |  | 96.9 |  |  |  | (17.2 | )
Depreciation |  |  | 14.8 |  |  |  | 14.9 |  |  |  | (0.1 | )
Amortization |  |  | 66.9 |  |  |  | 63.6 |  |  |  | 3.3 |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  |  | 7.2 |  |  |  | 11.8 |  |  |  | (4.6 | )
EBITDAC |  | $ | 407.8 |  |  | $ | 366.8 |  |  | $ | 41.0 |

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The following provides information that management believes is helpful when comparing EBITDAC and adjusted EBITDAC for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 to the same period in 2017 (in millions):

|  | Three-month period |
|  | ended March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | Change |
Net earnings, as reported |  | $ | 239.2 |  |  | $ | 179.6 |  |  |  | 33.2 | %
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 79.7 |  |  |  | 96.9 |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | 14.8 |  |  |  | 14.9 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization |  |  | 66.9 |  |  |  | 63.6 |  |  |  |  |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  |  | 7.2 |  |  |  | 11.8 |  |  |  |  |
EBITDAC |  |  | 407.8 |  |  |  | 366.8 |  |  |  | 11.2 | %
Gains from books of business sales |  |  | (2.9 | ) |  |  | (1.4 | ) |  |  |  |
Acquisition integration |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition related adjustments |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  |  |
Workforce and lease termination related charges |  |  | 7.6 |  |  |  | 3.9 |  |  |  |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5.7 |  |  |  |  |
EBITDAC, as adjusted |  | $ | 415.2 |  |  | $ | 380.2 |  |  |  | 9.2 | %
Net earnings margin, as reported |  |  | 20.0 | % |  |  | 16.6 | % |  |  | + 346 bpts |
EBITDAC margin, as adjusted |  |  | 34.8 | % |  |  | 34.3 | % |  |  | + 49 bpts |
Reported revenues |  | $ | 1,195.6 |  |  | $ | 1,084.9 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted revenues - see page 45 |  | $ | 1,192.7 |  |  | $ | 1,107.8 |  |  |  |  |

Commissions and fees - The aggregate increase in base commissions and fees for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, was due to revenues associated with acquisitions that were made in the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2018 ($34.7 million), and to organic change in base commissions and fee revenues. Commissions and fees in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 included new business production and renewal rate increases of $141.2 million, which was partially offset by lost business of $72.3 million. The organic change in base commissions and fee revenues was 5.1% and 2.7% for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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Items excluded from organic revenue computations yet impacting revenue comparisons for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 include the following (in millions):

|  | 2018 Organic Revenue |  |  |  |
For the Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | Change |
Base Commissions and Fees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commission and fees, as reported |  | $ | 1,092.6 |  |  | $ | 989.0 |  |  |  | 10.5 | %
Less commission and fee revenues from acquisitions |  |  | (34.7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Less disposed of operations |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4.4 | ) |  |  |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22.0 |  |  |  |  |
Organic base commission and fees |  | $ | 1,057.9 |  |  | $ | 1,006.6 |  |  |  | 5.1 | %
Supplemental revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Supplemental revenues, as reported |  | $ | 52.0 |  |  | $ | 47.3 |  |  |  | 9.9 | %
Less supplemental revenues from acquisitions |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Less disposed of operations |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  |  |
Organic supplemental revenues |  | $ | 51.5 |  |  | $ | 48.5 |  |  |  | 6.2 | %
Contingent revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent revenues, as reported |  | $ | 34.9 |  |  | $ | 35.0 |  |  |  | -0.3 | %
Less contingent revenues from acquisitions |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Less disposed of operations |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  |  |
Organic contingent revenues |  | $ | 34.2 |  |  | $ | 35.3 |  |  |  | -3.1 | %
Total reported commissions, fees, supplemental revenues and contingent revenues |  | $ | 1,179.5 |  |  | $ | 1,071.3 |  |  |  | 10.1 | %
Less commission and fee revenues from acquisitions |  |  | (35.9 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Less disposed of operations |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4.4 | ) |  |  |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 23.5 |  |  |  |  |
Total organic commissions, fees, supplemental revenues and contingent revenues |  | $ | 1,143.6 |  |  | $ | 1,090.4 |  |  |  | 4.9 | %

The following is a summary of brokerage segment acquisition activity for 2018 and 2017:

|  | Three-month period |
|  | ended March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Number of acquisitions closed |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 12 |
Estimated annualized revenues acquired (in millions) |  | $ | 26.7 |  |  | $ | 62.5 |
Rollover revenues recognized in period from 2017 acquisitions (in millions) |  | $ | 30.6 |  |  |  |  |
Portion of Q1 2018 acquisitions revenues recognized in period (in millions) |  |  | 5.3 |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 35.9 |  |  |  |  |

In first quarter of 2018, we issued 93,000 shares of our common stock for tax-free exchange mergers and repurchased 175,000 shares.

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Supplemental and contingent commissions - Reported supplemental and contingent commission revenues recognized in 2018 and 2017 by quarter are as follows (in millions):

|  | First |  |  | Second |  |  | Third |  |  | Fourth |  |  |  |
|  | Quarter |  |  | Quarter |  |  | Quarter |  |  | Quarter |  |  | YTD |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reported supplemental revenues |  | $ | 52.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 52.0 |
Reported contingent revenues |  |  | 34.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34.9 |
Reported supplemental and contingent revenues |  | $ | 86.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 86.9 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reported supplemental revenues |  | $ | 47.3 |  |  | $ | 35.8 |  |  | $ | 36.9 |  |  | $ | 38.0 |  |  | $ | 158.0 |
Reported contingent revenues |  |  | 35.0 |  |  |  | 21.3 |  |  |  | 21.8 |  |  |  | 21.4 |  |  |  | 99.5 |
Reported supplemental and contingent revenues |  | $ | 82.3 |  |  | $ | 57.1 |  |  | $ | 58.7 |  |  | $ | 59.4 |  |  | $ | 257.5 |

Investment income and gains realized on books of business sales - This primarily represents interest income earned on cash, cash equivalents and restricted funds and interest income from premium financing and one-time gains related to sales of books of business which were $2.9 million and $1.4 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Investment income in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 increased slightly compared to the same period in 2017 primarily due to increases in interest income from our Australia and New Zealand premium financing business, which relates to an increase in the volume of premium financing business written in 2018 and increases in interest income earned on client held funds.

Compensation expense - The following provides information that management believes is helpful when comparing compensation expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 with the same period in 2017 (in millions):

|  | Three-month period |
|  | ended March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Compensation expense, as reported |  | $ | 625.4 |  |  | $ | 568.6 |
Acquisition integration |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1.1 | )
Workforce related charges |  |  | (3.9 | ) |  |  | (3.5 | )
Acquisition related adjustments |  |  | (2.7 | ) |  |  | (2.3 | )
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15.2 |
Compensation expense, as adjusted |  | $ | 618.8 |  |  | $ | 576.9 |
Reported compensation expense ratios |  |  | 52.3 | % |  |  | 52.4 | %
Adjusted compensation expense ratios |  |  | 51.9 | % |  |  | 52.1 | %
Reported revenues |  | $ | 1,195.6 |  |  | $ | 1,084.9 |
Adjusted revenues - see page 45 |  | $ | 1,192.7 |  |  | $ | 1,107.8 |

The increase in compensation expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, was primarily due to increased headcount, salary increases and increases in incentive compensation linked to operating results ($48.5 million in the aggregate), increases in employee benefits - $5.5 million, stock compensation expense - $1.3 million, deferred compensation - $0.9 million, severance related costs - $0.4 million and temporary staffing - $0.2 million. The increase in employee headcount primarily relates to employees associated with the acquisitions completed in the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2018.

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Operating expense - The following provides information that management believes is helpful when comparing operating expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 with the same period in 2017 (in millions):

|  | Three-month period |
|  | ended March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Operating expense, as reported |  | $ | 162.4 |  |  | $ | 149.5 |
Acquisition integration |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1.8 | )
Workforce and lease termination related charges |  |  | (3.7 | ) |  |  | (0.4 | )
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3.4 |
Operating expense, as adjusted |  | $ | 158.7 |  |  | $ | 150.7 |
Reported operating expense ratios |  |  | 13.6 | % |  |  | 13.8 | %
Adjusted operating expense ratios |  |  | 13.3 | % |  |  | 13.6 | %
Reported revenues |  | $ | 1,195.6 |  |  | $ | 1,084.9 |
Adjusted revenues - see page 45 |  | $ | 1,192.7 |  |  | $ | 1,107.8 |

The increase in operating expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, was primarily due increases in technology expenses - $6.6 million, meeting and client entertainment expense - $3.9 million, lease termination charges - $3.3 million, business insurance - $1.0 million, real estate expenses - $0.7 million, licenses and fees - $0.9 million, employee related expense - $0.4 million, other expense - $0.4 million, and premium financing expense - $0.1 million, partially offset by favorable foreign currency translation - $1.3 million, and decreases in outside consulting fees - $2.8 million, professional and banking fees - $0.3 million, bad debt expense - $0.2 million, deferred operating expense - $0.3 million and outside services expense - $0.1 million. Also impacting operating expense in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, was expenses associated with the acquisitions completed in the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2018.

Depreciation - Depreciation expense in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 was essentially flat compared to the same period in 2017.

Amortization - The increase in amortization expense in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 was primarily due to amortization expense of intangible assets associated with acquisitions completed in the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2018. Expiration lists, non-compete agreements and trade names are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives (two to fifteen years for expiration lists, two to five years for non-compete agreements and two to fifteen years for trade names).

Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables - The change in expense from the change in estimated acquisition earnout payables in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, was primarily due to adjustments made to the estimated fair value of earnout obligations related to revised projections of future performance. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recognized $4.8 million and $5.1 million, respectively, of expense related to the accretion of the discount recorded for earnout obligations in connection with our acquisitions made in the period from 2014 to 2018. In addition, during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recognized $2.4 million and $6.7 million of expense, respectively, related to net adjustments in the estimated fair value of earnout obligations in connection with revised projections of future performance for 38 and 40 acquisitions, respectively.

The amounts initially recorded as earnout payables for our 2015 to 2018 acquisitions were measured at fair value as of the acquisition date and are primarily based upon the estimated future operating results of the acquired entities over a two- to three-year period subsequent to the acquisition date. The fair value of these earnout obligations is based on the present value of the expected future payments to be made to the sellers of the acquired entities in accordance with the provisions outlined in the respective purchase agreements. In determining fair value, we estimate the acquired entity’s future performance using financial projections developed by management for the acquired entity and market participant assumptions that were derived for revenue growth and/or profitability. We estimated future earnout payments using the earnout formula and performance targets specified in each purchase agreement and these financial projections. Subsequent changes in the underlying financial projections or assumptions will cause the estimated earnout obligations to change and such adjustments are recorded in our consolidated statement of earnings when incurred. Increases in the earnout payable obligations will result in the recognition of expense and decreases in the earnout payable obligations will result in the recognition of income.

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Provision for income taxes - The brokerage segment’s effective income tax rates for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, were 25.0% (25.4% on a controlling interests basis) and 35.0% (35.9% on a controlling interests basis), respectively. In fourth quarter 2017, new tax legislation was enacted in the U.S., which lowered the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0% effective January 1, 2018. The impact of the adjustment of our deferred tax asset and liability balances in 2017 to reflect the U.S. rate change on the provision for income taxes in the brokerage segment was immaterial. See the U.S. Federal income tax law changes and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 in the Corporate Segment below for an additional discussion of the impact of the U.S. enacted tax legislation, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. We anticipate reporting an effective tax rate of approximately 24.0% to 26.0% in our brokerage segment for the foreseeable future.

Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests - The amounts reported in this line for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, include noncontrolling interest earnings of $5.0 million and $6.4 million, respectively, primarily related to our investment in Capsicum Reinsurance Brokers LLP (which we refer to as Capsicum). We are partners in this venture with Grahame Chilton, the CEO of our International Brokerage Division. We are the controlling partner, participating in 33% of Capsicum’s net operating results and Mr. Chilton owns approximately 50% of Capsicum.

Litigation and Regulatory Matters - A portion of our brokerage business includes the development and management of “micro-captives,” through operations we acquired in 2010 in our acquisition of the assets of Tribeca Strategic Advisors (Tribeca). A “captive” is an underwriting enterprise that insures the risks of its owner, affiliates or a group of companies. Micro-captives are captive underwriting enterprises that are subject to taxation only on net investment income under IRC Section 831(b). Our micro-captive advisory services are under investigation by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Additionally, the IRS has initiated audits for the 2012 tax year of over 100 of the micro-captive underwriting enterprises organized and/or managed by us. Among other matters, the IRS is investigating whether we have been acting as a tax shelter promoter in connection with these operations. While the IRS has not made specific allegations relating to our operations or the pre-acquisition activities of Tribeca, if the IRS were to successfully assert that the micro-captives organized and/or managed by us do not meet the requirements of IRC Section 831(b), we could be subject to monetary claims by the IRS and/or our micro-captive clients, and our future earnings from our micro-captive operations could be materially adversely affected, any of which event could negatively impact the overall captive business and adversely affect our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. We may also experience lost earnings due to the negative effect of an extended IRS investigation on our clients’ and potential clients’ businesses. In the period from 2015 to 2017, our micro-captive operations contributed less than $3.5 million of net earnings and less than $5.0 million in EBITDAC to our consolidated results in any one year. Due to the fact that the IRS has not made any allegation against us or completed its audits of our clients, we are not able to reasonably estimate the amount of any potential loss in connection with this investigation.

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Risk Management

The risk management segment accounted for 13% of our revenue during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018. Our risk management segment operations provide contract claim settlement, claim administration, loss control services and risk management consulting for commercial, not for profit, captive and public entities, and various other organizations that choose to self-insure property/casualty coverages or choose to use a third-party claims management organization rather than the claim services provided by underwriting enterprises. Revenues for our risk management segment are comprised of fees generally negotiated (i) on a per-claim basis, (ii) on a cost-plus basis, or (iii) as performance-based fees. We also provide risk management consulting services that are recognized as the services are delivered.

Financial information relating to our risk management segment results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017, is as follows (in millions, except per share, percentages and workforce data):

|  | Three-month period |
|  | ended March 31, |
Statement of Earnings |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | Change |
Fees |  | $ | 194.9 |  |  | $ | 176.7 |  |  | $ | 18.2 |
Investment income |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |
Revenues before reimbursements |  |  | 195.1 |  |  |  | 176.8 |  |  |  | 18.3 |
Reimbursements |  |  | 34.8 |  |  |  | 33.1 |  |  |  | 1.7 |
Total revenues |  |  | 229.9 |  |  |  | 209.9 |  |  |  | 20.0 |
Compensation |  |  | 119.0 |  |  |  | 108.2 |  |  |  | 10.8 |
Operating |  |  | 44.2 |  |  |  | 38.4 |  |  |  | 5.8 |
Reimbursements |  |  | 34.8 |  |  |  | 33.1 |  |  |  | 1.7 |
Depreciation |  |  | 8.8 |  |  |  | 7.4 |  |  |  | 1.4 |
Amortization |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 0.6 |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Total expenses |  |  | 208.3 |  |  |  | 187.8 |  |  |  | 20.5 |
Earnings before income taxes |  |  | 21.6 |  |  |  | 22.1 |  |  |  | (0.5 | )
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 5.7 |  |  |  | 8.3 |  |  |  | (2.6 | )
Net earnings |  |  | 15.9 |  |  |  | 13.8 |  |  |  | 2.1 |
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests |  | $ | 15.9 |  |  | $ | 13.8 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |
Diluted net earnings per share |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |
Other information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in diluted net earnings per share |  |  | 13 | % |  |  | 0 | % |  |  |  |
Growth in revenues (before reimbursements) |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 3 | % |  |  |  |
Organic change in fees (before reimbursements) |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 2 | % |  |  |  |
Compensation expense ratio (before reimbursements) |  |  | 61 | % |  |  | 61 | % |  |  |  |
Operating expense ratio (before reimbursements) |  |  | 23 | % |  |  | 22 | % |  |  |  |
Effective income tax rate |  |  | 26 | % |  |  | 38 | % |  |  |  |
Workforce at end of period (includes acquisitions) |  |  | 5,983 |  |  |  | 5,470 |  |  |  |  |
Identifiable assets at March 31 |  | $ | 735.9 |  |  | $ | 697.7 |  |  |  |  |
EBITDAC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 15.9 |  |  | $ | 13.8 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 5.7 |  |  |  | 8.3 |  |  |  | (2.6 | )
Depreciation |  |  | 8.8 |  |  |  | 7.4 |  |  |  | 1.4 |
Amortization |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 0.6 |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.2 |
EBITDAC |  | $ | 31.9 |  |  | $ | 30.2 |  |  | $ | 1.7 |

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The following provides information that management believes is helpful when comparing EBITDAC and adjusted EBITDAC for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 to the same period in 2017 (in millions):

|  | Three-month period |
|  | ended March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | Change |
Net earnings, as reported |  | $ | 15.9 |  |  | $ | 13.8 |  |  |  | 15.2 | %
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 5.7 |  |  |  | 8.3 |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | 8.8 |  |  |  | 7.4 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  |  |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Total EBITDAC |  |  | 31.9 |  |  |  | 30.2 |  |  |  | 5.6 | %
Workforce and lease termination related charges |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |
EBITDAC, as adjusted |  | $ | 32.1 |  |  | $ | 30.6 |  |  |  | 4.9 | %
Net earnings margin (before reimbursements), as reported |  |  | 8.2 | % |  |  | 7.8 | % |  |  | +34 bpts |
EBITDAC margin (before reimbursements), as adjusted |  |  | 16.5 | % |  |  | 17.2 | % |  |  | -73 bpts |
Reported revenues (before reimbursements) |  | $ | 195.1 |  |  | $ | 176.8 |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted revenues (before reimbursements) - see page 45 |  | $ | 195.1 |  |  | $ | 178.1 |  |  |  |  |

Fees - The increase in fees for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 was due primarily to new business of $22.6 million and higher international performance bonus fees, which were partially offset by lost business of $7.5 million. Organic change in fee revenues for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 was 7.7% compared to 2.2% for the same period in 2017.

Items excluded from organic fee computations yet impacting revenue comparisons for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 include the following (in millions):

|  | 2018 Organic Revenue |  |  |  |
For the Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | Change |
Fees |  | $ | 193.3 |  |  | $ | 175.6 |  |  |  | 10.1 | %
International performance bonus fees |  |  | 1.6 |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  |  |
Fees as reported |  |  | 194.9 |  |  |  | 176.7 |  |  |  | 10.3 | %
Less fees from acquisitions |  |  | (3.2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  |  |
Organic fees |  | $ | 191.7 |  |  | $ | 178.0 |  |  |  | 7.7 | %

Reimbursements - Reimbursement represent amounts received from clients reimbursing us for certain third-party costs associated with providing our claims management services. In certain service partner relationships, we are considered a principal because we direct the third party, control the specified service and combine the services provided into an integrated solution. Given this principal relationship, we are required to recognize revenue gross and service partner vendor fees in the operating expense in our consolidated statement of earnings.

Investment income - Investment income primarily represents interest income earned on our cash and cash equivalents. Investment income in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 remained relatively unchanged compared to the same period in 2017.

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Compensation expense - The following provides information that management believes is helpful when comparing compensation expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 with the same period in 2017 (in millions):

|  | Three-month period |
|  | ended March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Compensation expense, as reported |  | $ | 119.0 |  |  | $ | 108.2 |
Workforce related charges |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | (0.2 | )
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.8 |
Compensation expense, as adjusted |  | $ | 118.9 |  |  | $ | 108.8 |
Reported compensation expense ratios (before reimbursements) |  |  | 61.0 | % |  |  | 61.2 | %
Adjusted compensation expense ratios (before reimbursements) |  |  | 60.9 | % |  |  | 61.1 | %
Reported revenues (before reimbursements) |  | $ | 195.1 |  |  | $ | 176.8 |
Adjusted revenues (before reimbursements) - see page 45 |  | $ | 195.1 |  |  | $ | 178.1 |

The increase in compensation expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, was primarily due to increased headcount, an unfavorable foreign currency translation - $0.3 million and increases in salaries and incentive compensation ($8.2 million in the aggregate), employee benefits expense - $1.1 million, temporary-staffing expense - $0.7 million, stock compensation expense - $0.5 million, and deferred compensation - $0.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in severance related costs - $0.1 million. Contributing to the increase in employee headcount are employees associated with the acquisitions completed in the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2018.

Operating expense - The following provides information that management believes is helpful when comparing operating expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 with the same period in 2017 (in millions):

|  | Three-month period |
|  | ended March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Operating expense, as reported |  | $ | 44.2 |  |  | $ | 38.4 |
Workforce and lease termination related charges |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | — |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.3 |
Operating expense, as adjusted |  | $ | 44.1 |  |  | $ | 38.7 |
Reported operating expense ratios (before reimbursements) |  |  | 22.7 | % |  |  | 21.7 | %
Adjusted operating expense ratios (before reimbursements) |  |  | 22.6 | % |  |  | 21.7 | %
Reported revenues (before reimbursements) |  | $ | 195.1 |  |  | $ | 176.8 |
Adjusted revenues (before reimbursements) - see page 45 |  | $ | 195.1 |  |  | $ | 178.1 |

The increase in operating expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, was primarily due to an adverse make-whole settlement - $1.5 million and to increases in technology expenses - $2.7 million, meeting and client entertainment expense - $0.7 million, professional and banking fees - $0.4 million, outside consulting fees - $0.4 million, employee expense - $0.1 million, lease termination related charges - $0.1 million and bad debt expense - $0.1 million, partially offset by decreases in licenses and fees - $0.2 million, outside services - $0.2 million and real estate expenses - $0.2 million.

Depreciation - Depreciation expense increased slightly in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, and reflects the impact of purchases of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements related to office expansions and relocations, and expenditures related to upgrading computer systems.

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Amortization - Amortization increased slightly in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Historically, the risk management segment has made few acquisitions. We made one acquisition in this segment during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 with estimated annualized revenues acquired of $3.2 million. We made no acquisitions in this segment during the three-month period ended March 31, 2017.

Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables - The change in expense from the change in estimated acquisition earnout payables in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, was due to the $0.3 million of expense related to the accretion of the discount recorded for earnout obligations in connection with one acquisition made in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018. In addition, during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, we recognized $0.1 million of income, related to net adjustments in the estimated fair value of earnout obligations in connection with revised projections of future performance for one acquisition.

Provision for income taxes - The risk management segment’s effective income tax rates for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 were 26.4% and 37.6%, respectively. In fourth quarter 2017, new tax legislation was enacted in the U.S., which lowered the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0% effective January 1, 2018. The impact of the adjustment of our deferred tax asset and liability balances in 2017 to reflect the U.S. rate change on the provision for income taxes in the brokerage segment was immaterial. See the U.S. Federal income tax law changes and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 in the Corporate Segment below for an additional discussion of the impact of the U.S. enacted tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. We anticipate reporting an effective tax rate of approximately 25.0% to 27.0% in our risk management segment for the foreseeable future.

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Corporate

The corporate segment reports the financial information related to our clean energy and other investments, our debt, and certain corporate and acquisition-related activities. For a detailed discussion of the nature of these investments, see Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements included herein for a summary of our investments as of March 31, 2018 and in Note 13 to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K as of December 31, 2017. For a detailed discussion of the nature of our debt, see Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements included herein as of March 31, 2018 and in Note 7 to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K as of December 31, 2017.

Financial information relating to our corporate segment results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in 2017 is as follows (in millions, except per share and percentages):

|  | Three-month period |
|  | ended March 31, |
Statement of Earnings |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | Change |
Revenues from consolidated clean coal production plants |  | $ | 400.5 |  |  | $ | 340.3 |  |  | $ | 60.2 |
Royalty income from clean coal licenses |  |  | 12.2 |  |  |  | 11.9 |  |  |  | 0.3 |
Loss from unconsolidated clean coal production plants |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | (0.1 | )
Other net losses |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | 0.2 |
Total revenues |  |  | 412.2 |  |  |  | 351.6 |  |  |  | 60.6 |
Cost of revenues from consolidated clean coal production plants |  |  | 431.2 |  |  |  | 366.9 |  |  |  | 64.3 |
Compensation |  |  | 31.4 |  |  |  | 35.0 |  |  |  | (3.6 | )
Operating |  |  | 9.5 |  |  |  | 11.6 |  |  |  | (2.1 | )
Interest |  |  | 31.3 |  |  |  | 29.9 |  |  |  | 1.4 |
Depreciation |  |  | 7.0 |  |  |  | 7.2 |  |  |  | (0.2 | )
Total expenses |  |  | 510.4 |  |  |  | 450.6 |  |  |  | 59.8 |
Loss before income taxes |  |  | (98.2 | ) |  |  | (99.0 | ) |  |  | 0.8 |
Benefit for income taxes |  |  | (129.1 | ) |  |  | (147.6 | ) |  |  | 18.5 |
Net earnings |  |  | 30.9 |  |  |  | 48.6 |  |  |  | (17.7 | )
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 7.3 |  |  |  | 6.8 |  |  |  | 0.5 |
Net earnings attributable controlling interests |  | $ | 23.6 |  |  | $ | 41.8 |  |  | $ | (18.2 | )
Diluted net earnings per share |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | 0.23 |  |  | $ | (0.10 | )
Identifiable assets at March 31 |  | $ | 1,607.4 |  |  | $ | 1,659.4 |  |  |  |  |
EBITDAC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 30.9 |  |  | $ | 48.6 |  |  | $ | (17.7 | )
Benefit for income taxes |  |  | (129.1 | ) |  |  | (147.6 | ) |  |  | 18.5 |
Interest |  |  | 31.3 |  |  |  | 29.9 |  |  |  | 1.4 |
Depreciation |  |  | 7.0 |  |  |  | 7.2 |  |  |  | (0.2 | )
EBITDAC |  | $ | (59.9 | ) |  | $ | (61.9 | ) |  | $ | 2.0 |

Revenues - Revenues in the corporate segment consist of the following:

| • |  | Revenues from consolidated clean coal production plants represents revenues from the consolidated IRC Section 45 facilities in which we have a majority ownership position and maintain control over the operations at the related facilities.

The increase in revenues from consolidated clean coal production plants for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, compared to the same period in 2017, was due primarily to increased production.

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| • |  | Royalty income from clean coal licenses represents revenues related to Chem-Mod LLC. As of March 31, 2018, we held a 46.5% controlling interest in Chem-Mod LLC. As Chem-Mod LLC’s manager, we are required to consolidate its operations.

The increase in royalty income in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, compared to the same period in 2017, was due to increased production of refined coal by Chem-Mod LLC’s licensees.

| • |  | Loss from unconsolidated clean coal production plants represents our equity portion of the pretax operating results from the unconsolidated IRC Section 45 facilities. The production of the refined coal generates pretax operating losses.

The losses in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 were low because the vast majority of our operations are now consolidated.

| • |  | Other net revenues include the following: In the three-month period ended March 31, 2017, we recorded a $0.2 million equity accounting loss related to one of our legacy investments.

Cost of revenues - Cost of revenues from consolidated clean coal production plants, consists of the cost of coal, labor, equipment maintenance, chemicals, supplies, management fees and depreciation incurred by the clean coal production plants to generate the consolidated revenues discussed above. The increase in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, compared to the same period in 2017, were due primarily to increased production.

Compensation expense - Compensation expense in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, includes salary and benefit expenses of $8.1 million and $6.2 million and incentive compensation of $23.3 million and $28.8 million, respectively. The increase in salary and benefits expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, was due primarily to increased staffing and salary increases. The decrease in incentive compensation for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 was due primarily to the timing of achieving certain performance targets and clean energy production results.

Operating expenses - Operating expense in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 includes banking and related fees of $0.9 million, external professional fees and other due diligence costs related to acquisitions of $2.0 million, other corporate and clean energy related expenses of $2.1 million, $1.9 million of corporate related marketing costs, expenses of $1.4 million for systems and consulting related to implementation of the new revenue recognition accounting rules, and a net unrealized foreign exchange remeasurement loss of $1.2 million.

Operating expense in the three-month period ended March 31, 2017 includes banking and related fees of $0.8 million, external professional fees and other due diligence costs related to acquisitions of $2.7 million, other corporate and clean energy related expenses of $0.3 million, a biennial company-wide meeting of $2.2 million, corporate related marketing costs of $2.1 million, expenses of $1.7 million for systems and consulting related to implementation of the new revenue recognition accounting rules and lease abandonment, and move expenses related to our new headquarters facility of $1.8 million.

Interest expense - The increase in interest expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, compared to the same period in 2017, was due to the following:

|  | Three-month |
|  | period ended |
Change in interest expense related to: |  | March 31, 2018 |
Interest on borrowings from our Credit Agreement |  | $ | (0.2 | )
Interest on the $300.0 million 2017 maturity of the Series B note that was paid off on August 3, 2017 |  |  | (4.8 | )
Interest on the $250.0 million notes funded on June 27, 2017 |  |  | 2.6 |
Interest on the $398.0 million notes funded on August 2 and 4, 2017 |  |  | 4.0 |
Amortization of the hedge gain related to the August 2017 fundings |  |  | (0.2 | )
Net change in interest expense |  | $ | 1.4 |

Depreciation - Depreciation expense in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 was essentially flat compared to the same period in 2017.

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Benefit for income taxes - We allocate the provision for income taxes to the brokerage and risk management segments using local statutory rates. As a result, the provision for income taxes for the corporate segment reflects the entire benefit to us of the IRC Section 45 credits generated, because that is the segment which produced the credits. The law that provides for IRC Section 45 credits substantially expires in December 2019 for our fourteen 2009 Era Plants and in December 2021 for our twenty 2011 Era Plants. Our consolidated effective tax rate for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 was (18.0)% compared to (21.2)% for the same period in 2017. The tax rates for March 31, 2018 and 2017 were lower than the statutory rate primarily due to the amount of IRC Section 45 tax credits recognized during the period. There were $94.6 million and $93.9 million of tax credits recognized in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. There were $60.6 million and $51.0 million of tax credits produced in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Also, impacting the benefit for the income taxes line is the adoption of a new accounting pronouncement, whereby it requires that the income tax effects of awards be recognized in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled, rather than recognizing the tax benefits in excess of compensation costs through stockholders’ equity. The income tax benefit of stock based awards that vested or were settled in the three-months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, were $8.8 million and $8.2 million, respectively. Offsetting the impact of these items are the tax adjustments discussed below.

U.S. Federal income tax law changes - On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (which we refer to as the Tax Act), which significantly revises the U.S. tax code by, among other things, lowering the corporate income tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0%; limiting the deductibility of interest expense; implementing a territorial tax system; and imposing a repatriation tax on earnings of foreign subsidiaries. The timing of our utilization of our tax credits will be impacted by tax reform, but their overall gross value to us will not be impacted. Although we will pay less in taxes overall, the lower corporate tax rate will reduce the tax benefit of operating costs associated with the production of refined coal.

SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118

SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (which we refer to as SAB 118) describes three scenarios associated with a company’s status of accounting for income tax reform. Under the SAB 118 guidance, we have determined that while our accounting for the following elements are incomplete, we are able to make reasonable estimates for certain effects of tax reform. In our 2017 consolidated financial statements, we recognized provisional amounts for our deferred income taxes and repatriation tax based on reasonable estimates. However, as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we are continuing to evaluate the accounting impactions of the Tax Act as we continue to assemble and analyze all the information required to prepare and analyze these effects and await additional guidance from the U.S. Treasury Department, IRS or other standard-setting bodies. We continue to assess information relating to these amounts, and with respect to the repatriation tax, we continue to assess its application in other jurisdictions. Additionally, we continue to analyze other information and regulatory guidance and accordingly we may record additional provisional amounts or adjustments to provisional amounts in future periods.

Deferred Income Taxes: We determined that our net deferred tax asset will require revaluation as a result of the Tax Act. We recognized a provisional $1.0 million net benefit to the provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2017 as a result of the restatement of our net deferred tax assets. We did not record a provisional adjustment in the three month period ended March 31, 2018.

Repatriation Tax: All U.S. shareholders that own at least 10% of foreign corporations must include in their income a one-time inclusion of all accumulated post 1986 undistributed foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017. We recognized a provisional income tax expense of $40.0 million as a result of this repatriation tax. We did not record a provisional adjustment in the three month period ended March 31, 2018. The earnings and profits calculations of our foreign subsidiaries are subject to further refinement as additional information becomes available.

Cost Recovery: While we have not yet completed all of the computations necessary to determine the 2017 expenditures that qualify for immediate expensing, we recorded an immaterial provisional benefit based on our current intent to fully expense all qualifying expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2017. We did not record a provisional adjustment in the three month period ended March 31, 2018. This resulted in a decrease to our current income taxes payable and a corresponding increase in our deferred tax liability.

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Other Items Impacting the Company Going Forward

Alternative Minimum Tax Credit: The Tax Act repealed the corporate Alternative Minimum Tax (which we refer to as AMT) for years beginning January 1, 2018, and provides that existing AMT credit carryovers will be utilized or refunded beginning in 2018 and ending in 2021, according to a specific formula. We have approximately $108.2 million of AMT credit carryovers that are currently reflected as deferred tax assets in the March 31, 2018 consolidated balance sheet, which we expect to be refunded to us by tax year 2021.

Global Intangible Low Taxed Income: The Tax Act requires U.S. shareholders to include in income certain “global intangible low-taxes income” (which we refer to as GILTI) beginning in 2018. We have adopted a policy to include the GILTI income in the future period when the tax arises.

Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax: The Tax Act introduced the U.S. Base Erosion and Anti-Abuse Tax (which we refer to as BEAT), effective January 1, 2018. While we must perform additional detailed analyses in order to assess the impact of the BEAT and further interpretive guidance and clarifications are anticipated, we do not currently anticipate any significant long-term impact from the BEAT on our effective income tax rate in future periods.

Interest Expense Limitation: Under the Tax Act, the deductibility of “net interest” for a business is limited to 30% of adjusted taxable income. Interest that is disallowed can be carried forward indefinitely. We are evaluating the potential impact of this provision.

Executive Compensation: The Tax Act contains provisions that may limit deductions for executive compensation. We determined that our ability to expense executive compensation will be limited as a result of the Tax Act. We recorded a provisional adjustment of approximately $1.1 million in the in the three month period ended March 31, 2018.

Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests - The amounts reported in this line for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 include non-controlling interest earnings of $8.7 million and $8.0 million respectively related to our investment in Chem-Mod LLC. As of March 31, 2018 and 2017, we held a 46.5% controlling interest in Chem-Mod LLC. Also, included in net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests are offsetting amounts related to non-Gallagher owned interests in several clean energy investments.

The following provides information that we believe is helpful when comparing our operating results for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 for the corporate segment (in millions):

Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
|  | Pretax Loss |  |  | Income Tax (Provision) Benefit |  |  | Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Controlling Interests |  |  | Pretax Loss |  |  | Income Tax (Provision) Benefit |  |  | Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Controlling Interests |
Interest and banking costs |  | $ | (32.5 | ) |  | $ | 8.5 |  |  | $ | (24.0 | ) |  | $ | (30.7 | ) |  | $ | 12.3 |  |  | $ | (18.4 | )
Clean energy related (1) |  |  | (56.9 | ) |  |  | 109.4 |  |  |  | 52.5 |  |  |  | (51.1 | ) |  |  | 114.2 |  |  |  | 63.1 |
Acquisition costs |  |  | (2.0 | ) |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | (1.7 | ) |  |  | (2.7 | ) |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | (2.0 | )
Corporate |  |  | (13.5 | ) |  |  | 17.0 |  |  |  | 3.5 |  |  |  | (11.8 | ) |  |  | 17.7 |  |  |  | 5.9 |
Impact of U.S. tax reform |  |  | (0.6 | ) |  |  | (6.1 | ) |  |  | (6.7 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Litigation settlement related expenses |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5.5 | ) |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | (4.4 | )
Home office lease termination/move |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4.0 | ) |  |  | 1.6 |  |  |  | (2.4 | )
Reported first quarter |  |  | (105.5 | ) |  |  | 129.1 |  |  |  | 23.6 |  |  |  | (105.8 | ) |  |  | 147.6 |  |  |  | 41.8 |
Litigation settlement related expenses |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5.5 |  |  |  | (1.1 | ) |  |  | 4.4 |
Home office lease termination/move |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | (1.6 | ) |  |  | 2.4 |
Adjusted first quarter |  | $ | (105.5 | ) |  | $ | 129.1 |  |  | $ | 23.6 |  |  | $ | (96.3 | ) |  | $ | 144.9 |  |  | $ | 48.6 |

(1) | Pretax loss for the first quarter are presented net of amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests of $7.3 million in 2018 and $6.8 million in 2017.

Interest and banking costs and debt - Interest and banking costs includes expenses related to our debt. Clean energy related includes the operating results related to our investments in clean coal production plants and Chem-Mod LLC.

Acquisition costs - Consists of professional fees, due diligence and other costs incurred related to our acquisitions.

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Corporate - Consists of overhead allocations mostly related to corporate staff compensation and other corporate level activities, costs related to a biennial company-wide award, cross-selling and motivational meeting for our production staff and field management, expenses related to our new corporate headquarters, corporate related marketing costs and expenses for systems and consulting related to the implementation of the new revenue recognition accounting and tax reform rules.

During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we incurred $2.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively, of pre-tax costs related to implementing a new accounting standard related to how companies recognize revenue, which was effective beginning in January 2018. These charges are included in the table above in the Corporate line. The income tax benefit of stock based awards that vested or were settled in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $8.8 million and $8.2 million, respectively, and is included in the table above in the Corporate line.

Litigation Settlement - During the third quarter of 2015, we settled litigation against certain former U.K. executives and their advisors for a pretax gain of $31.0 million ($22.3 million net of costs and taxes). Incremental after-tax expenses that arose in connection with this matter were $4.4 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2017 and none in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018.

Home Office Lease Termination/Move - During first quarter 2017, we relocated our corporate office headquarters to a nearby suburb of Chicago. Move-related after-tax charges were $2.4 million in the three-months ended March 31, 2017 and none in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018.

Clean Energy Investments - We have investments in limited liability companies that own 29 clean coal production plants developed by us and 5 clean coal production plants we purchased from a third party on September 1, 2013. All 34 plants produce refined coal using propriety technologies owned by Chem-Mod LLC. We believe that the production and sale of refined coal at these plants are qualified to receive refined coal tax credits under IRC Section 45. The 14 plants which were placed in service prior to December 31, 2009 (which we refer to as the 2009 Era Plants) can receive tax credits through 2019 and the 20 plants which were placed in service prior to December 31, 2011 (which we refer to as the 2011 Era Plants) can receive tax credits through 2021.

The following table provides a summary of our clean coal plant investments as of March 31, 2018 (in millions):

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Our Portion of Estimated |
|  |  |  | Our Tax-Effected Book Value At March 31, 2018 |  |  | Low Range 2018 After-tax Earnings |  |  | High Range 2018 After-tax Earnings |
Investments that own 2009 Era Plants |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
12 |  | Under long-term production contracts |  |  | $6.6 |  |  |  | $13.0 |  |  |  | $16.0 |
2 |  | Not currently active in negotiations for long-term production contracts |  |  | — |  |  |  | Not Estimable |  |  |  | Not Estimable |
Investments that own 2011 Era Plants |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
19 |  | Under long-term production contracts |  |  | 40.7 |  |  |  | 70.0 |  |  |  | 73.0 |
1 |  | In early stages of negotiations for long-term production contract |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | Not Estimable |  |  |  | Not Estimable |
Chem-Mod royalty income, net of noncontrolling interests |  |  | 3.0 |  |  |  | 21.0 |  |  |  | 23.0 |

The estimated earnings information in the table reflects management’s current best estimate of the 2018 low and high ranges of after-tax earnings based on early production estimates from the host utilities, other operating assumptions, including current U.S. Federal income tax laws. However, coal-fired power plants may not ultimately produce refined fuel at estimated levels due to seasonal electricity demand, production costs, natural gas prices, weather conditions, as well as many other operational, regulatory and environmental compliance reasons. Future changes in EPA regulations or U.S. Federal income tax laws might materially impact these estimates. Please refer to our filings with the SEC, including Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” on pages 21, 22 and 23 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, for a more detailed discussion of these and other factors that could impact the information above.

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Our investment in Chem-Mod LLC generates royalty income from refined coal plants owned by those limited liability companies in which we invest as well as refined coal production plants owned by other unrelated parties. Future changes in EPA regulations or U.S. Federal income tax laws might materially impact these estimates.

On June 15, 2017, the IRS issued a final notice to one of the refined coal partnerships in which we are an investor disallowing our co-investors from claiming tax credits based on the structure of the partnership. The position taken by the IRS has the potential to affect, and the IRS has opened audits of, other partnerships in which these co-investors are invested. However, the IRS notices do not challenge the validity of the tax credits themselves, or our ability to utilize tax credits. The partnership affected by the June 15, 2017 notice will defend its position in tax court. However, litigation is inherently uncertain and it is not possible to predict the ultimate disposition of this proceeding.

On April 18, 2018, Nalco Company (Nalco) filed patent infringement lawsuits against two unaffiliated power plants that burn refined coal using the Chem-Mod LLC process. The filing of these complaints followed Nalco’s voluntary dismissal of a complaint originally filed in the Northern District of Illinois in July 2014 against Chem-Mod LLC and other defendants and previously disclosed in our SEC filings. The newly filed complaints allege that the power plants have infringed a patent held by Nalco and seek unnamed damages and injunctive relief. Although neither Gallagher nor Chem-Mod LLC is named as a defendant in these lawsuits, we anticipate the defense of these lawsuits will be tendered to Chem-Mod LLC. If so tendered, Chem-Mod LLC intends to defend these matters vigorously. Litigation is inherently uncertain and, accordingly, it is not possible to predict the ultimate disposition of these matters.

Financial Condition and Liquidity

Liquidity describes the ability of a company to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the cash requirements of its business operations. The insurance brokerage industry is not capital intensive. Historically, our capital requirements have primarily included dividend payments on our common stock, repurchases of our common stock, funding of our investments, acquisitions of brokerage and risk management operations and capital expenditures.

Cash Flows From Operating Activities

Historically, we have depended on our ability to generate positive cash flows from operations to meet a substantial portion of our cash requirements. We believe that our cash flows from operations and borrowings under our Credit Agreement will provide us with adequate resources to meet our liquidity needs in the foreseeable future. To fund acquisitions made during 2017 and for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, we relied on a combination of net cash flows from operations, proceeds from borrowings under our Credit Agreement, proceeds from issuances of senior secured notes and issuances of our common stock.

Cash (used) provided by operating activities was $(217.6 million) and $15.5 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, was partially due to timing differences in the receipts and disbursements of client fiduciary related balances in 2018 compared to 2017. The following table summarizes two lines from our consolidated statement of cash flows and provides information that management believes is helpful when comparing changes in client fiduciary related balances for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 with the same period in 2017 (in millions):

|  | Three-month period |
|  | ended March 31, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Net change in premiums receivable |  | $ | (1,505.4 | ) |  | $ | (1,559.4 | )
Net change in premiums payable to underwriting enterprises |  |  | 979.4 |  |  |  | 1,119.0 |
Net cash used by the above |  | $ | (526.0 | ) |  | $ | (440.4 | )

In addition, cash used by operating activities for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 was unfavorably impacted by timing differences in the payment of accrued compensation and other accrued liabilities compared to the same period in 2017. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, we paid annual bonus payments relating to 2017. Annual bonus amounts relating to 2016 were paid in the second quarter of 2017. Our cash flows from operating activities are primarily derived from our earnings from operations, as adjusted for our non-cash expenses, which include depreciation, amortization, change in estimated acquisition earnout payables, deferred compensation, restricted stock and stock-based and other non-cash compensation expenses. Cash provided by operating activities can be unfavorably impacted if the amount of IRC Section 45 tax credits generated (which is the amount we recognize for

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financial reporting purposes) is greater than the amount of tax credits utilized to reduce our tax cash obligations. Excess tax credits produced during the period result in an increase to our deferred tax assets, which is a net use of cash related to operating activities. Please see “Clean energy investments” below for more information on their potential future impact on cash provided by operating activities.

When assessing our overall liquidity, we believe that the focus should be on net earnings as reported in our consolidated statement of earnings, adjusted for non-cash items (i.e., EBITDAC), and cash provided by operating activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows. Consolidated EBITDAC was $379.8 million and $335.1 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Net earnings attributable to controlling interests were $273.7 million and $228.8 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We believe that EBITDAC items are indicators of trends in liquidity. From a balance sheet perspective, we believe the focus should not be on premiums and fees receivable, premiums payable or restricted cash for trends in liquidity. Net cash flows provided by operations will vary substantially from quarter to quarter and year to year because of the variability in the timing of premiums and fees receivable and premiums payable. We believe that in order to consider these items in assessing our trends in liquidity, they should be looked at in a combined manner, because changes in these balances are interrelated and are based on the timing of premium payments, both to and from us. In addition, funds legally restricted as to our use relating to premiums and clients’ claim funds held by us in a fiduciary capacity are presented in our consolidated balance sheet as “Restricted Cash” and have not been included in determining our overall liquidity.

Our policy for funding our defined benefit pension plan is to contribute amounts at least sufficient to meet the minimum funding requirements under the IRC. The Employee Retirement Security Act of 1974, as amended (which we refer to as ERISA), could impose a minimum funding requirement for our plan. We are not required to make any minimum contributions to the plan for the 2018 plan year nor were we required to make any minimum contributions to the plan for the 2017 plan year. Funding requirements are based on the plan being frozen and the aggregate amount of our historical funding. The plan’s actuaries determine contribution rates based on our funding practices and requirements. Funding amounts may be influenced by future asset performance, the level of discount rates and other variables impacting the assets and/or liabilities of the plan. In addition, amounts funded in the future, to the extent not due under regulatory requirements, may be affected by alternative uses of our cash flows, including dividends, acquisitions and common stock repurchases. We did not make any discretionary contributions to the plan during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. We are not considering making additional discretionary contributions to the plan in 2018, but may be required to make significantly larger minimum contributions to the plan in future periods.

Cash Flows From Investing Activities

Capital Expenditures - Capital expenditures were $31.1 million and $29.3 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In 2018, we expect total expenditures for capital improvements to be approximately $125.0 million, part of which is related to expenditures on office moves and expansions and updating computer systems and equipment.

Acquisitions - Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash acquired, were $57.3 million and $137.1 million in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In addition, during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, we issued 0.1 million shares ($6.4 million) of our common stock as payment for a portion of the total consideration paid for 2018 acquisitions and earnout payments made in 2018. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2017, we issued 0.3 million shares ($13.6 million) of our common stock as payment for consideration paid for 2017 acquisitions and earnout payments made in 2017. We completed seven acquisitions and twelve acquisitions in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Annualized revenues of businesses acquired in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 totaled approximately $29.9 million and $62.5 million, respectively. We expect to use cash from operations and debt to fund all or a portion of acquisitions we complete through the remainder of 2018.

Dispositions - During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we sold several books of business and recognized one-time gains of $2.9 million and $1.4 million, respectively. We received cash proceeds of $2.2 million and $1.4 million related to the 2018 and 2017 transactions, respectively. No losses were recognized related to these sales.

Clean Energy Investments - During the period 2009 through 2018, we have made significant investments in clean energy operations capable of producing refined coal that we believe qualifies for tax credits under IRC Section 45. Our current estimate of the 2018 annual after-tax earnings, including IRC Section 45 tax credits, which will be produced from all of our clean energy investments in 2018, is $104.0 million to $112.0 million. The IRC Section 45

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tax credits generate positive cash flow by reducing the amount of Federal income taxes we pay, which is offset by the operating expenses of the plants, by capital expenditures related to the redeployment, and in some cases the relocation of refined coal plants. We anticipate positive net cash flow related to IRC Section 45 activity in 2018. However, there are several variables that can impact net cash flow from clean energy investments in any given year. Therefore, accurately predicting positive or negative cash flow in particular future periods is not possible at this time. Nonetheless, if current ownership interests remain the same, if capital expenditures related to redeployment and relocation of refined coal plants remains as currently anticipated, and if we continue to generate sufficient taxable income to use the tax credits produced by our IRC Section 45 investments, we anticipate that these investments will continue to generate positive net cash flows through at least 2025. While we cannot precisely forecast the cash flow impact in any particular period, we anticipate that the net cash flow impact of these investments will be positive overall. Please see “Clean energy investments” on pages 62 and 63 for a more detailed description of the investments and their risks and uncertainties.

Cash Flows From Financing Activities

On April 8, 2016, we entered into an amendment and restatement to our multicurrency credit agreement dated September 19, 2013 (which we refer to as the Credit Agreement) with a group of fifteen financial institutions. The amendment and restatement, among other things, extended the expiration date of the Credit Agreement from September 19, 2018 to April 8, 2021 and increased the revolving credit commitment from $600.0 million to $800.0 million, of which $75.0 million may be used for issuances of standby or commercial letters of credit and up to $75.0 million may be used for the making of swing loans (as defined in the Credit Agreement). We may from time to time request, subject to certain conditions, an increase in the revolving credit commitment under the Credit Agreement up to a maximum aggregate revolving credit commitment of $1,100.0 million. At March 31, 2018, $360.0 million of borrowings were outstanding under the Credit Agreement. Due to the outstanding and letters of credit, $422.8 million remained available under the Credit Agreement at March 31, 2018.

We use the Credit Agreement to post letters of credit and to borrow funds to supplement our operating cash flows from time to time. In the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, we borrowed $815.0 million and repaid $645.0 million under our Credit Agreement. In the three-month period ended March 31, 2017, we borrowed $955.0 million and repaid $838.0 million under our Credit Agreement. Principal uses of the 2018 and 2017 borrowings under the Credit Agreement were to fund acquisitions, earnout payments related to acquisitions and general corporate purposes.

We have a secured revolving loan facility (which we refer to as the Premium Financing Debt Facility), that provides funding for three Australian (AU) and New Zealand (NZ) premium finance subsidiaries. The Premium Financing Debt Facility is comprised of: (i) Facility B, which is separated into AU$160.0 million and NZ$25.0 million tranches, (ii) Facility C, an AU$25.0 million equivalent multi-currency overdraft tranche and (iii) Facility D, a NZ$15.0 million equivalent multi-currency overdraft tranche. The Premium Financing Debt Facility expires May 18, 2019. At March 31, 2018, $121.0 million of borrowings were outstanding under the Premium Financing Debt Facility.

On June 13, 2017, we announced that we planned to close offerings of $648.0 million aggregate principal amount of private placement senior unsecured notes (both fixed and floating rate). We funded $250.0 million on June 27, 2017, $300.0 million on August 2, 2017 and $98.0 million on August 4, 2017, which was used in part to fund the $300.0 million August 3, 2017 Series B notes maturity. The weighted average maturity of the $598.0 million of senior fixed rate notes is 11.6 years and their weighted average interest rate is 4.04% after giving effect to hedging gains. The interest rate on the $50.0 million of floating rate notes would be 2.37% using three-month LIBOR on May 4, 2018. In 2016 and 2017, we entered into pre-issuance interest rate hedging transactions related to the $300.0 million August 3, 2017 notes maturity. We realized a cash gain of approximately $8.3 million on the hedging transaction that will be recognized on a pro rata basis as a reduction in our reported interest expense over the life of the debt.

At March 31, 2018, we had $2,798.0 million of corporate-related borrowings outstanding under separate note purchase agreements entered into during the period from 2009 to 2018, and our credit facility, and a cash and cash equivalent balance of $697.9 million. See Note 7 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the terms of the note purchase agreements, the Credit Agreement and the Premium Financing Debt Facility.

Consistent with past practice, we have entered into pre-issuance hedging transactions for $275.0 million related to $100.0 million of debt maturities in 2018, $100.0 million of debt maturities in 2019 and $75.0 million of potential new debt issuances in 2018.

The note purchase agreements, the Credit Agreement and the Premium Financing Debt Facility contain various financial covenants that require us to maintain specified financial ratios. We were in compliance with these covenants at March 31, 2018.

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Dividends - Our board of directors determines our dividend policy. Our board of directors determines dividends on our common stock on a quarterly basis after considering our available cash from earnings, our anticipated cash needs and current conditions in the economy and financial markets.

In the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, we declared $75.4 million in cash dividends on our common stock, or $0.41 per common share, a 5% increase over the three-month period ended March 31, 2017. On April 25, 2018, we announced a quarterly dividend for second quarter 2018 of $0.41 per common share. This dividend level in 2018 will result in annualized net cash used by financing activities in 2018 of approximately $297.6 million (based on the number of outstanding shares as of March 31, 2018) or an anticipated increase in cash used of approximately $14.9 million compared to 2017. We make no assurances regarding the amount of any future dividend payments.

Shelf Registration Statement - On November 15, 2016, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, registering the offer and sale from time to time, of an indeterminate amount of our common stock. The availability of the potential liquidity under this shelf registration statement depends on investor demand, market conditions and other factors. We make no assurances regarding when, or if, we will issue any shares under this registration statement. On November 15, 2016, we also filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-4 with the SEC, registering 10.0 million shares of our common stock that we may offer and issue from time to time in connection with the future acquisitions of other businesses, assets or securities. At March 31, 2018, 9.97 million shares remained available for issuance under this registration statement.

Common Stock Repurchases - We have in place a common stock repurchase plan, last amended by our board of directors in 2008, for up to 10,000,000 shares. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, we repurchased 0.1 million shares or our common stock at cost of $11.3 million (7.3 million shares remain available). During the three-month period ended March 31, 2017, we did not repurchase any shares under the plan. The plan authorizes the repurchase of our common stock at such times and prices as we may deem advantageous, in transactions on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. We are under no commitment or obligation to repurchase any particular number of shares, and the plan may be suspended at any time at our discretion. Funding for share repurchases may come from a variety of sources, including cash from operations, short-term or long-term borrowings under our Credit Agreement or other sources. See “Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” below for more information regarding shares repurchased during the quarter.

Common Stock Issuances - Another source of liquidity to us is the issuance of our common stock pursuant to our stock option and employee stock purchase plans. Proceeds from the issuance of common stock under these plans for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, were $32.3 million and $20.3 million, respectively. On May 16, 2017, our stockholders approved the 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan (which we refer to as the LTIP), which replaced our previous stockholder-approved 2014 Long-Term Incentive Plan. All of our officers, employees and non-employee directors are eligible to receive awards under the LTIP. Awards which may be granted under the LTIP include non-qualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units and performance units, any or all of which may be made contingent upon the achievement of performance criteria. Stock options with respect to 14.6 million shares (less any shares of restricted stock issued under the LTIP—3.5 million shares of our common stock were available for this purpose as of March 31, 2018) were available for grant under the LTIP at March 31, 2018. Our employee stock purchase plan allows our employees to purchase our common stock at 95% of its fair market value. Proceeds from the issuance of our common stock related to these plans have contributed favorably to net cash provided by financing activities in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, and we believe this favorable trend will continue in the foreseeable future.

Outlook - We believe that we have sufficient capital to meet our short- and long-term cash flow needs.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

In connection with our investing and operating activities, we have entered into certain contractual obligations and commitments. See Note 14 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for a discussion of these obligations and commitments. In addition, see Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 for additional discussion of these obligations and commitments.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

See Notes 7, 12 and 14 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our off-balance sheet arrangements. In addition, see Notes 7, 13 and 15 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 for additional discussion of these off-balance sheet arrangements.

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Critical Accounting Policies

See Revenue Recognition in Note 1 to the unaudited 2018 consolidated financial statements. See Note 3 to the unaudited 2018 consolidated financial statements for information with respect to the impacts of the adoption of a new accounting standard effective January 1, 2018 relating to revenue recognition on our future financial position and operating results. Except for revenue recognition, there have been no other changes in our critical accounting policies, which include revenue recognition, income taxes and intangible assets/earnout obligations, as discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Business Combinations and Dispositions

See Note 4 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our business combinations during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018. We did not have any material dispositions during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to various market risks in our day to day operations. Market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest and foreign currency exchange rates and equity prices. The following analyses present the hypothetical loss in fair value of the financial instruments held by us at March 31, 2018 that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. The range of changes in interest rates used in the analyses reflects our view of changes that are reasonably possible over a one-year period. This discussion of market risks related to our consolidated balance sheet includes estimates of future economic environments caused by changes in market risks. The effect of actual changes in these market risk factors may differ materially from our estimates. In the ordinary course of business, we also face risks that are either nonfinancial or unquantifiable, including credit risk and legal risk. These risks are not included in the following analyses.

Our invested assets are primarily held as cash and cash equivalents, which are subject to various market risk exposures such as interest rate risk. The fair value of our portfolio of cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2018 approximated its carrying value due to its short-term duration. We estimated market risk as the potential decrease in fair value resulting from a hypothetical one-percentage point increase in interest rates for the instruments contained in the cash and cash equivalents investment portfolio. The resulting fair values were not materially different from the carrying values at March 31, 2018.

At March 31, 2018, we had $2,798.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our various note purchase agreements. The aggregate estimated fair value of these borrowings at March 31, 2018 was $2,844.3 million due to their long-term duration and fixed interest rates associated with these debt obligations. No active or observable market exists for our private placement long-term debt. Therefore, the estimated fair value of this debt is based on the income valuation approach, which is a valuation technique that converts future amounts (for example, cash flows or income and expenses) to a single current (that is, discounted) amount. The fair value measurement is determined on the basis of the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. Because our debt issuances generate a measurable income stream for each lender, the income approach was deemed to be an appropriate methodology for valuing the private placement long-term debt. The methodology used calculated the original deal spread at the time of each debt issuance, which was equal to the difference between the yield of each issuance (the coupon rate) and the equivalent benchmark treasury yield at that time. The market spread as of the valuation date was calculated, which is equal to the difference between an index for investment grade insurers and the equivalent benchmark treasury yield today. An implied premium or discount to the par value of each debt issuance based on the difference between the origination deal spread and market as of the valuation date was then calculated. The index we relied on to represent investment graded insurers was the Bloomberg Valuation Services (BVAL) U.S. Insurers BBB index. This index is comprised primarily of insurance brokerage firms and was representative of the industry in which we operate. For the purposes of this analysis, the average BBB rate was assumed to be the appropriate borrowing rate for us based on our current estimated credit rating.

We estimated market risk as the potential impact on the value of the debt recorded in our consolidated balance sheet resulting from a hypothetical one-percentage point decrease in our weighted average borrowing rate at March 31, 2018 and the resulting fair values would have been $225.6 million higher than their carrying value (or $3,023.6 million). We estimated market risk as the potential impact on the value of the debt recorded in our consolidated balance sheet resulting from a hypothetical one-percentage point increase in our weighted average borrowing rate at March 31, 2018 and the resulting fair values would have been $119.2 million lower than their carrying value (or $2,678.8 million).

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At March 31, 2018, we had $360.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our Credit Agreement. The fair value of these borrowings approximate their carrying value due to their short-term duration and variable interest rates associated with these debt obligations. Market risk is estimated as the potential increase in fair value resulting from a hypothetical one-percentage point decrease in our weighted average short-term borrowing rate at March 31, 2018, and the resulting fair value is not materially different from their carrying value.

At March 31, 2018, we had $121.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our Premium Financing Debt Facility. The fair value of these borrowings approximate their carrying value due to their short-term duration and variable interest rates associated with these debt obligations. Market risk is estimated as the potential increase in fair value resulting from a hypothetical one-percentage point decrease in our weighted average short-term borrowing rate at March 31, 2018, and the resulting fair value is not materially different from their carrying value.

We are subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk primarily from one of our larger U.K. based brokerage subsidiaries that incurs expenses denominated primarily in British pounds while receiving a substantial portion of its revenues in U.S. dollars. Please see Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” for additional information regarding potential foreign exchange rate risks arising from Brexit. In addition, we are subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk from our Australian, Canadian, Indian, Jamaican, New Zealand, Norwegian, Singaporean and various Caribbean and South American operations because we transact business in their local denominated currencies. Foreign currency gains (losses) related to this market risk are recorded in earnings before income taxes as transactions occur. Assuming a hypothetical adverse change of 10% in the average foreign currency exchange rate for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 (a weakening of the U.S. dollar), earnings before income taxes would have increased by approximately $3.7 million. Assuming a hypothetical favorable change of 10% in the average foreign currency exchange rate for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 (a strengthening of the U.S. dollar), earnings before income taxes would have decreased by approximately $2.8 million. We are also subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with the translation of local currencies of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars. We manage the balance sheets of our foreign subsidiaries, where practical, such that foreign liabilities are matched with equal foreign assets, maintaining a “balanced book” which minimizes the effects of currency fluctuations. However, our consolidated financial position is exposed to foreign currency exchange risk related to intra-entity loans between our U.S. based subsidiaries and our non-U.S. based subsidiaries that are denominated in the respective local foreign currency. A transaction that is in a foreign currency is first remeasured at the entity’s functional (local) currency, where applicable, (which is an adjustment to consolidated earnings) and then translated to the reporting (U.S. dollar) currency (which is an adjustment to consolidated stockholders’ equity) for consolidated reporting purposes. If the transaction is already denominated in the foreign entity’s functional currency, only the translation to U.S. dollar reporting is necessary. The remeasurement process required by U.S. GAAP for such foreign currency loan transactions will give rise to a consolidated unrealized foreign exchange gain or loss, which could be material, that is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive earnings (loss).

Historically, we have not entered into derivatives or other similar financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. However, with respect to managing foreign currency exchange rate risk in India, Norway and the U.K., we have periodically purchased financial instruments when market opportunities arose to minimize our exposure to this risk. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we had several monthly put/call options in place with an external financial institution that are designed to hedge a significant portion of our future U.K. currency revenues (in 2018 and 2017) and disbursements (in 2017) through various future payment dates. In addition, during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we had several monthly put/call options in place with an external financial institution that were designed to hedge a significant portion of our Indian currency disbursements through various future payment dates. Although these hedging strategies were designed to protect us against significant U.K. and Indian currency exchange rate movements, we are still exposed to some foreign currency exchange rate risk for the portion of the payments and currency exchange rate that are unhedged. All of these hedges are accounted for in accordance with ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”, and periodically are tested for effectiveness in accordance with such guidance. In the scenario where such hedge does not pass the effectiveness test, the hedge will be re-measured at the stated point and the appropriate loss, if applicable, would be recognized. In the three-month period ended March 31, 2018 there has been no such effect on our financial presentation. The impact of these hedging strategies was not material to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. See Note 13 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for the changes in fair value of the derivative instruments reflected in comprehensive earnings at March 31, 2018.

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Item 4. | Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation required by the Exchange Act, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the 1934 Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the 1934 Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

During the most recent fiscal quarter, there has not occurred any change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Note 3 to the unaudited 2018 consolidated financial statements included in this report contains information regarding the impact a new revenue recognition accounting standard had on our future financial presentation. This new standard was effective for us in first quarter 2018. Accordingly, we implemented new accounting systems and processes and new internal controls over financial reporting. We do not believe that any of these changes have materially affected, nor are they reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives as specified above. Management does not expect, however, that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent or detect all error and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.

Part II - Other Information

Item 1. | Legal Proceedings

Please see the information set forth in Note 14 to our consolidated financial statements, included herein, under “Litigation, Regulatory and Taxation Matters.”

Item 1A. | Risk Factors

The risk factors described under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 should be considered alongside the information contain in this report.

Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table shows the purchases of our common stock made by or on behalf of us or any “affiliated purchaser” (as such term is defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) of Gallagher for each fiscal month in the three-month period ended March 31, 2018:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  |  | Average Price Paid per Share (2) |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (3) |  |  | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (3) |
January 1 through January 31, 2018 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,462,019 |
February 1 through February 28, 2018 |  |  | 186,727 |  |  |  | 65.44 |  |  |  | 175,000 |  |  |  | 7,287,019 |
March 1 through March 31, 2018 |  |  | 18,032 |  |  |  | 71.02 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,287,019 |
Total |  |  | 204,759 |  |  | $ | 65.93 |  |  |  | 175,000 |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Amounts in this column include shares of our common stock purchased by the trustees of rabbi trusts established under our Deferred Equity Participation Plan, including sub-plans (which we refer to as the DEPP), our Deferred

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| Cash Participation Plan (which we refer to as the DCPP) and our Supplemental Savings and Thrift Plan (which we refer to as the Supplemental Plan), respectively. The DEPP is an unfunded, non-qualified deferred compensation plan that generally provides for distributions to certain of our key executives when they reach age 62 or upon or after their actual retirement. Under sub-plans of the DEPP for certain production staff, the plan generally provides for vesting and/or distributions no sooner than five years from the date of awards, although certain awards vest and/or distribute after the earlier of fifteen years or the participant reaching age 65. See Note 10 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements in this report for more information regarding the DEPP. The DCPP is an unfunded, non-qualified deferred compensation plan for certain key employees, other than executive officers, that generally provides for vesting and/or distributions no sooner than five years from the date of awards. Under the terms of the DEPP and the DCPP, we may contribute cash to the rabbi trust and instruct the trustee to acquire a specified number of shares of our common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. In the first quarter of 2018, we instructed the rabbi trustee for the DEPP and the DCPP to reinvest dividends paid into the plans in our common stock and to purchase our common stock using cash that was funded into these plans related to the 2018 awards under the DEPP sub-plans. The Supplemental Plan is an unfunded, non-qualified deferred compensation plan that allows certain highly compensated employees to defer compensation, including company match amounts, on a before-tax or after-tax basis. Under the terms of the Supplemental Plan, all cash deferrals and company match amounts may be deemed invested, at the employee’s election, in a number of investment options that include various mutual funds, an annuity product and a fund representing our common stock. When an employee elects to deem his or her amounts under the Supplemental Plan invested in the fund representing our common stock, the trustee of the rabbi trust purchases the number of shares of our common stock equivalent to the amount deemed invested in the fund representing our common stock. We established the rabbi trusts for the DEPP, the DCPP and the Supplemental Plan to assist us in discharging our deferred compensation obligations under these plans. All assets of the rabbi trusts, including any shares of our common stock purchased by the trustees, remain, at all times, assets of the Company, subject to the claims of our creditors. The terms of the DEPP, the DCPP and the Supplemental Plan do not provide for a specified limit on the number of shares of common stock that may be purchased by the respective trustees of the rabbi trusts.

(2) | The average price paid per share is calculated on a settlement basis and does not include commissions.

(3) | We have a common stock repurchase plan that the board of directors adopted on May 10, 1988 and has periodically amended since that date to authorize additional shares for repurchase (the last amendment was on January 24, 2008 and approved the repurchase of 10,000,000 shares). The repurchase plan has no expiration date and we are under no commitment or obligation to repurchase any particular amount of our common stock under the plan. At our discretion, we may suspend the repurchase plan at any time.

Item 5. | Other Information

Disclosure pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act

In first quarter 2018, our U.K. domiciled subsidiary, Arthur J. Gallagher (UK) Limited, and our Norway domiciled subsidiary, Bergvall Marine AS, acted as insurance broker and advised clients in obtaining insurance coverage for activities related to Iran’s oil, gas and petroleum industries. These subsidiaries assisted clients in obtaining insurance, reinsurance and retrocession coverage for a variety of activities in Iran, including insurance coverage for:

| • |  | The supply and transport of oil, crude oil, heavy fuel oil and gas to and from Iran;

| • |  | The docking and loading of oil shipments in Iran;

| • |  | The operation of vessels providing support services to offshore oil platforms that supply oil to Iran; and

| • |  | Other closely related activities pertaining to the supply and transportation of oil to and from Iran.

On January 16, 2016, the U.S. lifted the nuclear-related “secondary sanctions” imposed against Iran. In connection with this event, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) issued General License H, which authorizes U.S.-owned or U.S.-controlled foreign entities to engage in certain transactions involving Iran that would otherwise be prohibited by section 560.215 of the Iranian Transactions and Sanctions Regulations.

The activities described above were conducted in full compliance with General License H. Our subsidiaries generated total gross revenue of approximately $33,377 (in actual dollars) and net profit of approximately $6,675 (in actual dollars) from these activities.

Our subsidiaries intend to continue acting as an insurance broker in connection with insurance coverages authorized by General License H.

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Item 6. | Exhibits

Filed with this Form 10-Q
15.1 |  | Letter of acknowledgement from Ernst & Young LLP concerning unaudited interim financial information.
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
32.1 |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
32.2 |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

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Signature

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  |  |  | Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.
Date: May 7, 2018 |  |  |  | By: |  | /s/ Douglas K. Howell
|  |  |  |  |  | Douglas K. Howell
|  |  |  |  |  | Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  |  |  | (principal financial officer and duly authorized officer)

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