16. Commitments, Contingencies and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In connection with our investing and operating activities, we have entered into certain contractual obligations and commitments. See Notes 8 and 14 to these consolidated financial statements for additional discussion of these obligations and commitments. Our future minimum cash payments, including interest, associated with our contractual obligations pursuant to the note purchase agreements, Credit Agreement, Premium Financing Debt Facility, operating leases and purchase commitments at December 31, 2018 were as follows (in millions):


	Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations	2019			2020			2021			2022			2023			Thereafter			Total
Note purchase agreements	$	100.0		$	100.0		$	75.0		$	200.0		$	300.0		$	2,423.0		$	3,198.0
Credit Agreement		265.0			—			—			—			—			—			265.0
Premium Financing Debt Facility		154.0			—			—			—			—			—			154.0
Interest on debt		138.0			132.5			127.9			122.5			113.1			444.5			1,078.5

Total debt obligations		657.0			232.5			202.9			322.5			413.1			2,867.5			4,695.5
Operating lease obligations		106.8			92.0			78.8			61.1			44.3			87.4			470.4
Less sublease arrangements		(0.8	)		(0.6	)		(0.6	)		(0.3	)		(0.3	)		(1.0	)		(3.6	)
Outstanding purchase obligations		32.1			14.6			11.3			2.1			—			—			60.1

Total contractual obligations	$	795.1		$	338.5		$	292.4		$	385.4		$	457.1		$	2,953.9		$	5,222.4

The amounts presented in the table above may not necessarily reflect our actual future cash funding requirements, because the actual timing of the future payments made may vary from the stated contractual obligation.

On December 22, 2018, we signed a definitive agreement to acquire 100% of the equity of Stackhouse Poland headquartered in Guildford, Surrey, U.K., for approximately $350.0 million of cash consideration. The transaction is subject to regulatory approval and is expected to close in the first quarter of 2019.

Note Purchase Agreements, Credit Agreement and Premium Financing Debt Facility - See Note 8 to these consolidated financial statements for a summary the amounts outstanding under the note purchase agreements, the Credit Agreement and Premium Debt Facility.

Operating Lease Obligations - Our corporate segment’s executive offices and certain subsidiary and branch facilities of our brokerage and risk management segments are located at 2850 Golf Road, Rolling Meadows, Illinois, where we have approximately 360,000 square feet of space and will accommodate approximately 2,000 employees at peak capacity. During first quarter 2017, we relocated our corporate office headquarters to the Rolling Meadows location. No move related charges were incurred in 2018. We recognized move related costs and lease abandonment charges of $13.2 million in 2017. Relating to the development of our corporate headquarters, we expect to receive property tax related credits under a tax-increment financing note from Rolling Meadows and an Illinois state Economic Development for a Growing Economy (which we refer to as EDGE) tax credit. Incentives from these two programs could total between $60.0 million and $90.0 million over a fifteen-year period. We have earned approximately $11.8 million of EDGE credits from inception through December 31, 2018.

We generally operate in leased premises at our other locations. Certain of these leases have options permitting renewals for additional periods. In addition to minimum fixed rentals, a number of leases contain annual escalation clauses which are generally related to increases in an inflation index.

Total rent expense, including rent relating to cancelable leases and leases with initial terms of less than one year, amounted to $140.0 million in 2018, $137.7 million in 2017 and $134.2 million in 2016.

We have leased certain office space to several non-affiliated tenants under operating sublease arrangements. In the normal course of business, we expect that certain of these leases will not be renewed or replaced. We adjust charges for real estate taxes and common area maintenance annually based on actual expenses, and we recognize the related revenues in the year in which the expenses are incurred. These amounts are not included in the minimum future rentals to be received in the contractual obligations table above.

Outstanding Purchase Obligations - We typically do not have a material amount of outstanding purchase obligations at any point in time. The amount disclosed in the contractual obligations table above represents the aggregate amount of unrecorded purchase obligations that we had outstanding at December 31, 2018. These obligations represent agreements to purchase goods or services that were executed in the normal course of business.

Off-Balance Sheet Commitments - Our total unrecorded commitments associated with outstanding letters of credit, financial guarantees and funding commitments at December 31, 2018 were as follows (in millions):


													Total
	Amount of Commitment Expiration by Period												Amounts
Off-Balance Sheet Commitments	2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Thereafter		Committed
Letters of credit	$	—	$	1.3	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	17.0	$	18.3
Financial guarantees		0.2		0.2		0.2		0.2		0.2		0.6		1.6

Total commitments	$	0.2	$	1.5	$	0.2	$	0.2	$	0.2	$	17.6	$	19.9

Since commitments may expire unused, the amounts presented in the table above do not necessarily reflect our actual future cash funding requirements. See Note 14 to these consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our funding commitments related to our corporate segment and the Off-Balance Sheet Debt section below for a discussion of other letters of credit. All of the letters of credit represent multiple year commitments that have annual, automatic renewing provisions and are classified by the latest commitment date.

Since January 1, 2002, we have acquired 507 companies, all of which were accounted for using the acquisition method for recording business combinations. Substantially all of the purchase agreements related to these acquisitions contain provisions for potential earnout obligations. For all of our acquisitions made in the period from 2013 to 2018 that contain potential earnout obligations, such obligations are measured at fair value as of the acquisition date and are included on that basis in the recorded purchase price consideration for the respective acquisition. The amounts recorded as earnout payables are primarily based upon estimated future potential operating results of the acquired entities over a two- to three-year period subsequent to the acquisition date. The aggregate amount of the maximum earnout obligations related to these acquisitions was $558.1 million, of which $258.8 million was recorded in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 based on the estimated fair value of the expected future payments to be made.

Off-Balance Sheet Debt - Our unconsolidated investment portfolio includes investments in enterprises where our ownership interest is between 1% and 50%, in which management has determined that our level of influence and economic interest is not sufficient to require consolidation. As a result, these investments are accounted for under the equity method. None of these unconsolidated investments had any outstanding debt at December 31, 2018 and 2017 that was recourse to us.

At December 31, 2018, we had posted two letters of credit totaling $10.2 million in the aggregate, related to our self-insurance deductibles, for which we had a recorded liability of $15.8 million. We have an equity investment in a rent-a-captive facility, which we use as a placement facility for certain of our insurance brokerage operations. At December 31, 2018, we had posted seven letters of credit totaling $6.3 million to allow certain of our captive operations to meet minimum statutory surplus requirements plus additional collateral related to premium and claim funds held in a fiduciary capacity, one letter of credit totaling $1.3 million for collateral related to claim funds held in a fiduciary capacity by a recent acquisition, and one letter of credit totaling $0.5 million as a security deposit for a 2015 acquisition’s lease. These letters of credit have never been drawn upon.

Our commitments associated with outstanding letters of credit, financial guarantees and funding commitments at December 31, 2018 were as follows (all dollar amounts in table are in millions):


			Compensation		Maximum		Liability
Description, Purpose and Trigger	Collateral		to Us		Exposure		Recorded
Credit support under letters of credit (LOC) for deductibles due by us on our own insurance coverages - expires after 2023 Trigger - We do not reimburse the insurance companies for deductibles the insurance companies advance on our behalf		None		None	$	10.2	$	15.8
Credit enhancement under letters of credit for our captive insurance operations to meet minimum statutory capital requirements - expires after 2023 Trigger - Dissolution or catastrophic financial results of the operation		None		Reimbursement of LOC fees		6.3		—
Collateral related to claims funds held in a fiduciary capacity by a recent acquisition - expires 2020 Trigger - Claim payments are not made		None		None		1.3		—
Credit support under letters of credit in lieu of a security deposit for an acquisition’s lease - expires 2023 Trigger - Lease payments do not get made		None		None		0.5		—
Financial guarantees of loans to 6 Canadian-based employees - expires when loan balances are reduced to zero through May 2029 - Principal and interest payments are paid quarterly Trigger - Default on loan payments		(1)		None		1.6		—

					$	19.9	$	15.8

(1)	The guarantees are collateralized by shares in minority holdings of our Canadian operating companies.

Since commitments may expire unused, the amounts presented in the table above do not necessarily reflect our actual future cash funding requirements.

Litigation, Regulatory and Taxation Matters - We are a defendant in various legal actions incidental to the nature of our business including but not limited to matters related to employment practices, alleged breaches of non-compete or other restrictive covenants, theft of trade secrets, breaches of fiduciary duties and related causes of action. We are also periodically the subject of inquiries, investigations and reviews by regulatory and taxing authorities into various matters related to our business, including our operational, compliance and finance functions. Neither the outcomes of these matters nor their effect upon our business, financial condition or results of operations can be determined at this time.

On April 18, 2018, Nalco Company (which we refer to as Nalco) filed patent infringement lawsuits in the Western District of Wisconsin against two unaffiliated power plants that burn refined coal using the Chem-Mod^TM Solution. These complaints were filed following Nalco’s voluntary dismissal of its action against Chem-Mod LLC and other defendants that was originally filed in the Northern District of Illinois in April 2014, as previously disclosed in our SEC filings. On July 16, 2018, Nalco amended its complaints to name as an additional defendant in each case the refined coal limited liability company that sells refined coal to the power plant defendant in each case. The refined coal limited liability companies are licensed by Chem-Mod LLC to use the Chem-Mod^TM solution to produce and refined coal. The complaints allege that the named defendants infringed a patent licensed exclusively to Nalco and seek unspecified damages and injunctive relief. Although neither we nor Chem-Mod LLC is named as a defendant in either of the complaints, their defense was tendered to Chem-Mod LLC under certain agreements that provide for defense and indemnity, and those tenders were accepted. Chem-Mod LLC is directing the vigorous defense of these lawsuits. Litigation is inherently uncertain, however, and it is not possible for us to predict the ultimate outcome of these matters and the financial impact to us.

Our micro-captive advisory services are under investigation by the IRS. Additionally, the IRS has initiated audits for the 2012 tax year of over 100 of the micro-captive underwriting enterprises organized and/or managed by us. Among other matters, the IRS is investigating whether we have been acting as a tax shelter promoter in connection with these operations. While the IRS has not made specific allegations relating to our operations or the pre-acquisition activities of Tribeca, an adverse determination could subject us to penalties and negatively affect our defense of the class action lawsuit described below. We may also experience lost earnings due to the negative effect of an extended IRS investigation. From 2016 to 2018, our micro-captive operations contributed less than $3.2 million of net earnings and less than $5.0 million in EBITDAC to our consolidated results in any one year. Due to the fact that the IRS has not made any allegation against us, or completed all of its audits of our clients, we are not able to reasonably estimate the amount of any potential loss in connection with this investigation.

On December 7, 2018, a class action lawsuit was filed against us, our subsidiary Artex Risk Solutions, Inc. (which we refer to as Artex) and other defendants including Tribeca. The named plaintiffs are micro-captive clients of Artex or Tribeca and their related entities and owners who had IRS Section 831(b) tax benefits disallowed by the IRS. The complaint attempts to state various causes of action and alleges that the defendants defrauded the plaintiffs by marketing and managing micro-captives with the knowledge that the captives did not constitute bona fide insurance and thus would not qualify for tax benefits. The named plaintiffs are seeking to certify a class of all persons who were assessed back taxes, penalties or interest by the IRS as a result of their ownership of or involvement in an IRS Section 831(b) micro-captive formed or managed by Artex or Tribeca during the time period January 1, 2015 to the present. The complaint does not specify the amount of damages sought by the named plaintiffs or the putative class. The defendants’ response to the complaint is due on March 8, 2019. The court has not otherwise set a case schedule. We will vigorously defend against the lawsuit. Litigation is inherently uncertain, however, and it is not possible for us to predict the ultimate outcome of this matter and the financial impact to us.

Contingent Liabilities - We purchase insurance to provide protection from errors and omissions (which we refer to as E&O) claims that may arise during the ordinary course of business. We currently retain the first $5.0 million of each and every E&O claim. Our E&O insurance provides aggregate coverage for E&O losses up to $350.0 million in excess of our retained amounts. We have historically maintained self-insurance reserves for the portion of our E&O exposure that is not insured. We periodically determine a range of possible reserve levels using actuarial techniques that rely heavily on projecting historical claim data into the future. Our E&O reserve in the December 31, 2018 consolidated balance sheet is above the lower end of the most recently determined actuarial range by $0.7 million and below the upper end of the actuarial range by $7.9 million. We can make no assurances that the historical claim data used to project the current reserve levels will be indicative of future claim activity. Thus, the E&O reserve level and corresponding actuarial range could change in the future as more information becomes known, which could materially impact the amounts reported and disclosed herein.

Tax-advantaged Investments No Longer Held - Between 1996 and 2007, we developed and then sold portions of our ownership in various energy related investments, many of which qualified for tax credits under IRC Section 29. We recorded tax benefits in connection with our ownership in these investments. At December 31, 2018, we had exposure on $108.0 million of previously earned tax credits. Under the Tax Act, we expect that these previously earned tax credits will be refunded for tax years beginning 2018 and ending in 2021, according to a specific formula. In 2004, 2007 and 2009, the IRS examined several of these investments and all examinations were closed without any changes being proposed by the IRS. However, any future adverse tax audits, administrative rulings or judicial decisions could disallow previously claimed tax credits.

Due to the contingent nature of this exposure and our related assessment of its likelihood, no reserve has been recorded in our December 31, 2018 consolidated balance sheet related to this exposure.