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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of Earnings Before Income Taxes and Provision for Income Taxes

Significant components of earnings before income taxes and the provision for income taxes are as follows (in millions):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2018     2017     2016  

Earnings (losses) before income taxes:

      

United States

   $ 337.6     $ 274.1     $ 335.7  

Foreign, principally Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the U.K.

     141.8       85.7       (2.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total earnings before income taxes

   $ 479.4     $ 359.8     $ 333.6  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provision (benefit) for income taxes:

      

Federal:

      

Current

   $ —       $ 7.1     $ 40.2  

Deferred

     (214.0     (183.5     (146.7
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     (214.0     (176.4     (106.5
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

State and local:

      

Current

     15.4       11.6       7.2  

Deferred

     (29.0     (3.9     (0.3
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     (13.6     7.7       6.9  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Foreign:

      

Current

     60.7       25.9       20.7  

Deferred

     (29.6     (14.3     (17.8
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     31.1       11.6       2.9  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total benefit for income taxes

   $ (196.5   $ (157.1   $ (96.7
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
Reconciliation of Provision for Income Taxes with Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate

A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes with the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate is as follows (in millions, except percentages):

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2018     2017     2016  
     Amount     % of
Pretax
Earnings
    Amount     % of
Pretax
Earnings
    Amount     % of
Pretax
Earnings
 

Federal statutory rate

   $ 100.7       21.0     $ 126.0       35.0     $ 116.7       35.0  

State income taxes - net of

            

Federal benefit

     8.5       1.8       5.0       1.4       4.5       1.3  

Differences related to non U.S. operations

     (14.8     (3.1     (46.9     (13.0     (33.1     (9.9

Alternative energy, foreign and other tax credits

     (252.9     (52.8     (230.1     (64.0     (194.4     (58.2

Other permanent differences

     0.9       0.2       (10.6     (2.9     (4.8     (1.4

U.S. repatriation tax

     (1.8     (0.4     36.8       10.2       —         —    

Stock-based compensation

     (15.0     (3.1     (15.1     (4.2     —         —    

Changes in unrecognized tax benefits

     (0.2     —         (0.9     (0.3     2.2       0.7  

Change in valuation allowance

     (22.0     (4.6     12.3       3.4       14.0       4.2  

Change in U.S. and U.K. tax rates

     —         —         (33.2     (9.2     (1.5     (0.4

Other

     0.1       —         (0.4     (0.1     (0.3     (0.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Benefit for income taxes

   $ (196.5     (41.0   $ (157.1     (43.7   $ (96.7     (29.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in millions):

 

     December 31,  
     2018     2017  

Gross unrecognized tax benefits at January 1

   $ 10.9     $ 14.5  

Increases in tax positions for current year

     1.7       1.6  

Settlements

     —         (1.8

Lapse in statute of limitations

     (1.4     (0.7

Increases in tax positions for prior years

     0.4       0.6  

Decreases in tax positions for prior years

     (0.9     (3.3
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31

   $ 10.7     $ 10.9  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in millions):

 

     December 31,  
     2018     2017  

Deferred tax assets:

    

Alternative minimum tax and other credit carryforwards

   $ 856.9     $ 683.3  

Accrued and unfunded compensation and employee benefits

     158.8       141.2  

Amortizable intangible assets

     48.8       45.8  

Compensation expense related to stock options

     12.2       13.4  

Accrued liabilities

     63.8       64.8  

Accrued pension liability

     11.5       16.8  

Investments

     1.5       1.1  

Net operating loss carryforwards

     36.8       30.5  

Capital loss carryforwards

     12.2       12.9  

Deferred rent liability

     4.2       4.8  

Hedging instruments

     1.9        

Other

     3.4       5.4  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deferred tax assets

     1,212.0       1,020.0  

Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets

     (67.4     (79.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax assets

     1,144.6       940.9  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Deferred tax liabilities:

    

Nondeductible amortizable intangible assets

     297.6       273.8  

Investment-related partnerships

     13.6       17.6  

Depreciable fixed assets

     25.4       26.5  

Revenue recognition

     98.1       80.6  

Hedging instruments

           3.8  

Other prepaid items

     10.6       10.3  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deferred tax liabilities

     445.3       412.6  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net deferred tax assets

   $ 699.3     $ 528.3