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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025

or

☐ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 1-09761

ARTHUR J. GALLAGHER & CO.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 36-2151613
(State or other jurisdiction of |  | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) |  | Identification No.)

2850 Golf Road, Rolling Meadows, Illinois 60008

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(630) 773-3800

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share |  | AJG |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, $1.00 par value, as of March 31, 2025 was approximately 256.1 million.

Information Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains certain statements related to future results, or states our intentions, beliefs and expectations or predictions for the future of Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. and its subsidiaries, collectively referred to herein as we, our, us, Gallagher or the Company, which are forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward‑looking statements relate to expectations or forecasts of future events. Such statements use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “contemplate,” “forecast,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “potential,” and other similar terms, and future or conditional tense verbs like “could,” “may,” “might,” “see,” “should,” “will” and “would.” You can also identify forward-looking statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. For example, we may use forward-looking statements when addressing topics such as: the impact of general economic conditions, including inflation, interest rates and market uncertainty; the effects of geopolitical volatility, including repercussions from the armed conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East; market and industry conditions, including competitive and pricing trends and the impact of large natural events; acquisition strategy including the expected size of our acquisition program; the expected impact of acquisitions and dispositions and integrating recent acquisitions, including comments regarding the expected benefits of our acquisition of BCHR Holdings, L.P., and its subsidiaries, dba Buck (which we refer to as Buck), Cadence Insurance, Inc. (which we refer to as Cadence Insurance), Eastern Insurance Group, LLC (which we refer to as Eastern Insurance), My Plan Manager Group Pty Ltd (which we refer to as My Plan Manager), Woodruff‑Sawyer & Co. (which we refer to as Woodruff Sawyer) and our agreement to acquire all the issued and outstanding stock of Dolphin TopCo, Inc., the holding company of AssuredPartners, Inc. (which we refer to as AssuredPartners) and other acquisitions larger than our typical tuck-in acquisitions and the expected duration and costs of integrating such large acquisitions; the development and performance of our services and products; changes in the composition or level of our revenues or earnings; our cost structure and the size and outcome of cost-saving or restructuring initiatives; future capital expenditures; future debt levels and anticipated actions to be taken in connection with maturing debt; future debt to earnings ratios; the outcome of contingencies; dividend policy; pension obligations; cash flow and liquidity; capital structure and financial losses; future actions by regulators; the outcome of existing regulatory actions, audits, reviews or litigation; the impact of changes in accounting rules; financial markets; interest rates; foreign exchange rates; matters relating to our operations; income taxes; expectations regarding our investments; human capital management, including diversity and inclusion initiatives; and sustainability, including climate-resilience and climate-advisory products and services and our carbon emissions. These forward‑looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from either historical or anticipated results depending on a variety of factors.

Potential factors relating to AssuredPartners that could impact results include impact results include:

•
Our ability to complete the AssuredPartners acquisition on a timely basis or at all, which may be negatively impacted by issues with regulatory approvals in the United States (U.S.), the United Kingdom (U.K.) and Ireland, including the request for additional information as part of the Hart-Scott-Rodino (HSR) filing received on March 7, 2025, which extends the waiting period imposed by the HSR Act until 30 days after we have substantially complied with the request, though it is possible for that period to be extended voluntarily by the parties or shortened by the antitrust agency;
•
The AssuredPartners acquisition may not be accretive to earnings per share because our assumptions about our business, AssuredPartners and preliminary estimates are materially inaccurate causing dilution to our earnings per share; decreasing or delaying the expected accretive effect of the AssuredPartners acquisition or causing a decrease in the market price of our common stock;
•
Risks related to the integration of AssuredPartners into the Company, including achieving the expected cost savings or revenue synergies from such integration, that AssuredPartners will perform as expected or that we will incur unforeseen obligations or liabilities; and
•
Diversion of management’s attention from ongoing business operations and opportunities.

Potential factors that could impact results include:

•
Global economic and geopolitical events, such as fluctuations in interest and inflation rates; geo-economic fragmentation and protectionism such as tariffs; trade wars or similar governmental actions affecting the flows of goods, services or currency; a recession or economic downturn; a potential U.S. government shutdown or gridlock over increasing the U.S. debt ceiling; political violence and instability, including as a result of the armed conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East;
•
Economic conditions that result in financial difficulties for underwriting enterprises or lead to reduced risk-taking capital capacity, for example, as a result of large payouts related to extreme weather events, or to the failure of such enterprises, including the increased risk of errors and omissions (which we refer to as E&O) claims against us;
•
Risks that could negatively affect the success of our acquisition strategy, including the impact of economic uncertainty on our ability to source, review and price acquisitions; continuing consolidation in our industry and interest in acquiring insurance brokers on the part of private equity firms and newly public insurance brokers, which makes it more difficult to identify targets and in some cases makes them more expensive; inaccurate assumptions and failure to realize expected

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benefits; the risk that we may not receive timely regulatory approval of pending transactions; closing risks; execution risks; integration risks; poor cultural fit; the risk of post-acquisition deterioration leading to intangible asset impairment charges; and the risk we could incur or assume unanticipated liabilities such as cybersecurity issues or those relating to violations of anti-corruption and sanctions laws;
•
Risks related to Buck, Cadence Insurance, Eastern Insurance, My Plan Manager, Woodruff Sawyer, the pending acquisition of AssuredPartners and other acquisitions larger than our usual tuck-in acquisitions, including risks related to our ability to successfully integrate operations, the possibility that our assumptions may be inaccurate resulting in unforeseen obligations or liabilities and failure to realize the expected benefits of these acquisitions;
•
Damage to our reputation, including as a result of failing to uphold our culture and the potential for the Internet and social media to magnify the effects of such reputational issues;
•
Failure to meet our sustainability aspirations, goals and initiatives or to comply with increasingly complex climate-related and other sustainability regulations, heightened scrutiny, including a growing backlash against sustainability initiatives, and increased risks related to “greenwashing” and “greenhushing;
•
Failure to apply technology, data analytics and artificial intelligence (which we refer to as AI) effectively in driving value for our clients through technology-based solutions, or failure to gain internal efficiencies and effective internal controls through the application of technology and related tools;
•
Risks associated with the use of AI in our business operations, including regulatory, data privacy, cybersecurity, E&O, intellectual property and competition risks;
•
Failure to attract and retain experienced and qualified talent, including our senior management team, or adequately plan and execute for the succession of such leaders; increased costs resulting from increased compensation and benefits packages as a result of a tighter labor market, and negative effects from restrictions on non-compete agreements at the state level;
•
A disaster or other significant disruption to business continuity for our own operations or those of third-parties on which we rely, including cybersecurity incidents; natural disasters; political violence and unrest in the U.S. or elsewhere around the world; for example, our substantial operations in India could be negatively impacted as a result of the dispute between India and Pakistan involving the Kashmir region, rising tensions between India and China, incidents of terrorism in India, civil unrest or other reasons;
•
Sustained increases in the cost of employee benefits and compensation expense;
•
Risks arising from our international operations and changes in international conditions, including the risks posed by political and economic uncertainty in certain countries (including repercussions from the armed conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East), maintaining regulatory and legal compliance across multiple jurisdictions (such as those relating to violations of anti‑corruption, sanctions, and privacy laws, increasingly complex regulatory requirements related to climate change and sustainability issues); increased protectionism, tariffs, trade wars, climate change and other long-term sustainability matters, increased scrutiny of the use of off-shore centers of excellence such as those we operate and global health risks;
•
Risks related to changes in U.S. or foreign tax laws, including a U.S. or foreign tax rate change, potential changes in guidance related to the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) global minimum corporate tax regime, and other local policy changes;
•
Competitive pressures, including as a result of innovation, in each of our businesses;
•
Volatility or declines in premiums or other adverse trends in the insurance industry;
•
The higher level of variability inherent in contingent and supplemental revenues versus standard commission revenues;
•
Risks particular to our benefit consulting operations, including risks related to the acquisitions of Buck and Redington Ltd. (which we refer to as Redington), an FCA-regulated investment consulting firm;
•
Risks particular to our third-party claims administrations operations, including risks related to the availability of RISX‑FACS®, our proprietary risk management information system, wage inflation, staffing shortages, any slowing of the trend toward outsourcing claims administration, and the concentration of large amounts of revenue with certain clients;
•
Climate risks, including the risk of a systemic economic crisis and disruptions to our business caused by the transition to a low-carbon economy;

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•
Cyber-attacks or other cybersecurity incidents and the heightened risk of such attacks as a result of the armed conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East; improper disclosure of confidential, personal or proprietary data and changes to laws and regulations governing cybersecurity and data privacy;
•
Unfavorable determinations related to contingencies and legal proceedings, including violations or alleged violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (which we refer to as FCPA), the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 or other anti-corruption laws and the Foreign Account Tax Compliance provisions of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act, and the outcome of any existing or future investigation, review, regulatory action or litigation;
•
Failure to comply with regulatory requirements, including those related to governance and control requirements in particular jurisdictions, international sanctions, including new sanctions laws as a result of the armed conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East; laws relating to the disclosure of sustainability matters; laws relating to the use of AI, or a change in regulations or enforcement policies that adversely affects our operations (for example, relating to insurance broker compensation methods or restrictions on non-compete agreements);
•
Changes to our financial presentation from new accounting estimates and assumptions;
•
Intellectual property risks;
•
Risks related to our legacy clean energy investments, including intellectual property claims, environmental and product liability claims, environmental compliance costs and the risk of disallowance by the Internal Revenue Service of previously claimed tax credits;
•
The risk that our outstanding debt adversely affects our financial flexibility and restrictions and limitations in the agreements and instruments governing our debt;
•
The risk of credit rating downgrades;
•
The risk that we may not be able to receive dividends or other distributions from our subsidiaries, including the effects of significant changes in foreign exchange rates;
•
The risk of share ownership dilution when we issue common stock; and
•
Volatility of the price of our common stock.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including the risk factors referred to above. Our future performance and actual results or outcomes may differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of, and are based on information available to us on the date of the applicable document. Many of the factors that will determine these results are beyond our ability to control or predict. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date that they are made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update any such statements or release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect new information, future or unexpected events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law or regulation. In addition, historical, current and forward-looking sustainability-related statements may be based on standards for measuring progress that are still developing, internal controls and processes that continue to evolve, and assumptions that are subject to change in the future.

A detailed discussion of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our published expectations is contained under the heading “Risk Factors” in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and any other reports we file with the SEC in the future.

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Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.

Index

|  |  | Page No.
Part I. | Financial Information |  |
| Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited): |  |
|  | Consolidated Statement of Earnings for the Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 |  | 6
|  | Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Earnings for the Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 |  | 7
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 |  | 8
|  | Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 |  | 9
|  | Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 |  | 10-11
|  | Notes to March 31, 2025 Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 12-33
| Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 34-58
| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 58-59
| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |  | 59-60
Part II. | Other Information |  |
| Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |  | 60
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors. |  | 60
| Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 60-61
| Item 6. | Exhibits |  | 61
| Signature |  | 62

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Part I - Financi al Information

Item 1. Financial Sta tements (Unaudited)

Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.

Consolidated State ment of Earnings

(Unaudited - in millions, except per share data)

| Three-month period ended |
| March 31, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Commissions | $ | 2,249.2 |  |  | $ | 1,993.6 |
Fees |  | 984.8 |  |  |  | 951.2 |
Supplemental revenues |  | 113.9 |  |  |  | 93.9 |
Contingent revenues |  | 92.9 |  |  |  | 86.0 |
Interest income, premium finance revenues and other income |  | 247.6 |  |  |  | 93.4 |
Revenues before reimbursements |  | 3,688.4 |  |  |  | 3,218.1 |
Reimbursements |  | 39.0 |  |  |  | 38.6 |
Total revenues |  | 3,727.4 |  |  |  | 3,256.7 |
Compensation |  | 1,897.7 |  |  |  | 1,725.9 |
Operating |  | 490.4 |  |  |  | 435.7 |
Reimbursements |  | 39.0 |  |  |  | 38.6 |
Interest |  | 158.4 |  |  |  | 92.2 |
Depreciation |  | 44.1 |  |  |  | 45.4 |
Amortization |  | 209.3 |  |  |  | 162.3 |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  | 15.8 |  |  |  | (16.1 | )
Total expenses |  | 2,854.7 |  |  |  | 2,484.0 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | 872.7 |  |  |  | 772.7 |
Provision for income taxes |  | 163.8 |  |  |  | 160.0 |
Net earnings |  | 708.9 |  |  |  | 612.7 |
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | 4.3 |
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests | $ | 704.4 |  |  | $ | 608.4 |
Basic net earnings per share | $ | 2.76 |  |  | $ | 2.80 |
Diluted net earnings per share |  | 2.72 |  |  |  | 2.74 |
Dividends declared per common share |  | 0.65 |  |  |  | 0.60 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.

Consolidated Statement o f Comprehensive Earnings

(Unaudited - in millions)

| Three-month period ended |
| March 31, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net earnings | $ | 708.9 |  |  | $ | 612.7 |
Change in pension liability, net of taxes |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | 0.3 |
Foreign currency translation, net of taxes |  | 217.3 |  |  |  | (155.8 | )
Change in fair value of derivative investments, net of taxes |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | (1.4 | )
Comprehensive earnings |  | 926.0 |  |  |  | 455.8 |
Comprehensive earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | 4.3 |
Comprehensive earnings attributable to controlling interests | $ | 921.5 |  |  | $ | 451.5 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.

Consolidated B alance Sheet

(Unaudited - in millions)

|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 16,691.8 |  |  | $ | 14,987.3 |
Fiduciary assets (includes fiduciary cash of $5,547.8 in 2025 and $5,481.3 in 2024) |  |  | 31,769.3 |  |  |  | 24,712.1 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 4,520.2 |  |  |  | 3,895.9 |
Other current assets |  |  | 457.8 |  |  |  | 518.0 |
Total current assets |  |  | 53,439.1 |  |  |  | 44,113.3 |
Fixed assets - net |  |  | 647.3 |  |  |  | 650.3 |
Deferred income taxes (includes tax credit carryforwards of $711.3 in 2025 and $771.8 in 2024) |  |  | 890.2 |  |  |  | 959.1 |
Other noncurrent assets |  |  | 1,494.9 |  |  |  | 1,354.4 |
Right-of-use assets |  |  | 377.3 |  |  |  | 377.8 |
Goodwill |  |  | 12,714.7 |  |  |  | 12,270.2 |
Amortizable intangible assets - net |  |  | 4,532.2 |  |  |  | 4,530.1 |
Total assets |  | $ | 74,095.7 |  |  | $ | 64,255.2 |
Fiduciary liabilities |  | $ | 31,769.3 |  |  | $ | 24,712.1 |
Accrued compensation and other current liabilities |  |  | 3,969.6 |  |  |  | 3,586.3 |
Deferred revenue - current |  |  | 629.3 |  |  |  | 537.2 |
Premium financing debt |  |  | 152.8 |  |  |  | 225.2 |
Corporate related borrowings - current |  |  | 515.0 |  |  |  | 200.0 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 37,036.0 |  |  |  | 29,260.8 |
Corporate related borrowings - noncurrent |  |  | 12,419.8 |  |  |  | 12,731.9 |
Deferred revenue - noncurrent |  |  | 66.3 |  |  |  | 67.1 |
Lease liabilities - noncurrent |  |  | 326.3 |  |  |  | 328.1 |
Other noncurrent liabilities |  |  | 1,893.6 |  |  |  | 1,687.7 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 51,742.0 |  |  |  | 44,075.6 |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock - issued and outstanding 256.1 shares in 2025 and 250.0 shares in 2024 |  |  | 256.1 |  |  |  | 250.0 |
Capital in excess of par value |  |  | 17,475.1 |  |  |  | 16,068.9 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 5,522.9 |  |  |  | 4,985.7 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (934.0 | ) |  |  | (1,151.1 | )
Stockholders' equity attributable to controlling interests |  |  | 22,320.1 |  |  |  | 20,153.5 |
Stockholders' equity attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 33.6 |  |  |  | 26.1 |
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 22,353.7 |  |  |  | 20,179.6 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 74,095.7 |  |  | $ | 64,255.2 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.

Consolidated State ment of Cash Flows

(Unaudited - in millions)

|  | Three-month period ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 708.9 |  |  | $ | 612.7 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gain on investments and other |  |  | (5.8 | ) |  |  | — |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 253.4 |  |  |  | 207.7 |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  |  | 15.8 |  |  |  | (16.1 | )
Amortization of deferred compensation and restricted stock |  |  | 28.2 |  |  |  | 27.2 |
Stock-based and other noncash compensation expense |  |  | 13.9 |  |  |  | 11.1 |
Payments on acquisition earnouts in excess of original estimates |  |  | (10.0 | ) |  |  | (10.9 | )
Provision for deferred income taxes |  |  | 55.6 |  |  |  | 55.7 |
Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates |  |  | 24.5 |  |  |  | (1.1 | )
Net change in accounts receivable, net |  |  | (658.1 | ) |  |  | (471.9 | )
Net change in deferred revenue |  |  | 77.8 |  |  |  | 80.1 |
Net change in other current assets |  |  | 17.9 |  |  |  | (8.7 | )
Net change in accrued compensation and other accrued liabilities |  |  | 415.8 |  |  |  | 344.0 |
Net change in income taxes payable |  |  | 27.4 |  |  |  | (3.3 | )
Net change in other noncurrent assets and liabilities |  |  | (93.5 | ) |  |  | (37.2 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 871.8 |  |  |  | 789.3 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  |  | (28.2 | ) |  |  | (29.7 | )
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash acquired |  |  | (331.8 | ) |  |  | (251.2 | )
Net proceeds from sales of operations/books of business |  |  | 1.8 |  |  |  | 0.1 |
Net funding of investment transactions |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 0.1 |
Net funding of premium finance loans |  |  | 82.5 |  |  |  | 88.8 |
Net cash used by investing activities |  |  | (275.4 | ) |  |  | (191.9 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Payments on acquisition earnouts |  |  | (11.1 | ) |  |  | (45.1 | )
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |  |  | 1,334.8 |  |  |  | 52.0 |
Payments to noncontrolling interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3.1 | )
Dividends paid |  |  | (166.0 | ) |  |  | (130.7 | )
Net change in fiduciary assets and liabilities |  |  | 21.3 |  |  |  | (205.8 | )
Net borrowings on premium financing debt facility |  |  | (74.9 | ) |  |  | (92.4 | )
Borrowings on line of credit facility |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,078.2 |
Repayments on line of credit facility |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,215.0 | )
Net borrowings of corporate related long-term debt |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  | 567.2 |
Debt acquisition costs |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  | (9.3 | )
Settlements on terminated interest rate swaps |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1.4 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 1,107.0 |  |  |  | (5.4 | )
Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and fiduciary cash |  |  | 67.6 |  |  |  | (54.5 | )
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and fiduciary cash |  |  | 1,771.0 |  |  |  | 537.5 |
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and fiduciary cash at beginning of period |  |  | 20,468.6 |  |  |  | 6,543.3 |
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and fiduciary cash at end of period |  | $ | 22,239.6 |  |  | $ | 7,080.8 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Arthur J. Ga llagher & Co.

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited - in millions)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Capital in |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Excess of |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Noncontrolling |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Par Value |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Loss |  |  | Interests |  |  | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 250.0 |  |  | $ | 250.0 |  |  | $ | 16,068.9 |  |  | $ | 4,985.7 |  |  | $ | (1,151.1 | ) |  | $ | 26.1 |  |  | $ | 20,179.6 |
Net earnings |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 704.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | 708.9 |
Net purchase of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3.0 |  |  |  | 3.0 |
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net change in pension asset/ liability, net of taxes of $0.0 million |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.1 | )
Foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 217.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 217.3 |
Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net of taxes of $(0.2) million |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.1 | )
Compensation expense related to stock option plan grants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17.8 |
Common stock issued in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
One purchase transaction |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 16.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16.6 |
Stock option plans |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 67.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 68.6 |
Employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 14.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14.1 |
Stock issuance from public offering |  |  | 4.6 |  |  |  | 4.6 |  |  |  | 1,247.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,252.1 |
Shares issued to benefit plans |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 119.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 119.6 |
Deferred compensation and restricted stock |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | (76.8 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (76.5 | )
Cash dividends declared on common stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (167.2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (167.2 | )
Balance at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 256.1 |  |  | $ | 256.1 |  |  | $ | 17,475.1 |  |  | $ | 5,522.9 |  |  | $ | (934.0 | ) |  | $ | 33.6 |  |  | $ | 22,353.7 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited - in millions)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Capital in |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Excess of |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Noncontrolling |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Par Value |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Loss |  |  | Interests |  |  | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 216.7 |  |  | $ | 216.7 |  |  | $ | 7,297.8 |  |  | $ | 4,052.9 |  |  | $ | (792.1 | ) |  | $ | 40.0 |  |  | $ | 10,815.3 |
Net earnings |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 608.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.3 |  |  |  | 612.7 |
Net purchase of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  |  | (0.3 | )
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.6 | ) |  |  | (0.6 | )
Net change in pension asset/ liability, net of taxes of $0.1 million |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.3 |
Foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (155.8 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (155.8 | )
Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net of taxes of $(0.4) million |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1.4 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1.4 | )
Compensation expense related to stock option plan grants |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15.1 |
Common stock issued in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Seven purchase transactions |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 87.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 88.3 |
Stock option plans |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  | 39.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 39.9 |
Employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 12.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12.2 |
Shares issued to benefit plans |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 98.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 98.5 |
Deferred compensation and restricted stock |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | (48.3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (48.0 | )
Cash dividends declared on common stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (132.0 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (132.0 | )
Balance at March 31, 2024 |  |  | 218.5 |  |  | $ | 218.5 |  |  | $ | 7,502.0 |  |  | $ | 4,529.3 |  |  | $ | (949.0 | ) |  | $ | 43.4 |  |  | $ | 11,344.2 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Notes to March 31, 2025 Consolidate d Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Terms Used in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

ASC - Accounting Standards Codification.

ASU - Accounting Standards Update.

FASB - The Financial Accounting Standards Board.

GAAP - U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

IRC - Internal Revenue Code.

IRS - Internal Revenue Service.

Underwriting enterprises - Insurance companies, reinsurance companies and various other forms of risk-taking entities, including intermediaries of underwriting enterprises.

Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation

Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. and its subsidiaries, collectively referred to herein as we, our, us, Gallagher or the Company, provide insurance and reinsurance brokerage, consulting and third party claims settlement and administration services to both domestic and international entities. We have three reportable segments: brokerage, risk management and corporate. Our brokers, agents and administrators act as intermediaries between underwriting enterprises and our clients.

Our brokerage segment operations provide brokerage and consulting services to entities of all types, including commercial, nonprofit, public sector entities, and, to a lesser extent, individuals, in the areas of insurance and reinsurance placements, risk of loss management, and management of employer sponsored benefit programs. Our risk management segment operations provide contract claim settlement, claim administration, loss control services and risk management consulting for commercial, nonprofit, captive and public sector entities, and various other organizations that choose to self-insure property/casualty coverages or choose to use a third‑party claims management organization rather than the claim services provided by underwriting enterprises. The corporate segment reports the financial information related to our debt and other corporate costs, clean energy investments, external acquisition‑related expenses and the impact of foreign currency translation.

We do not assume insurance underwriting risk on a net basis, other than with respect to de minimis amounts necessary to provide minimum or regulatory capital to organize captives, pools, specialized underwriters or risk-retention groups. Rather, capital necessary for covering losses is provided by underwriting enterprises.

Interest income, premium finance revenues and other income are primarily generated from our premium financing operations, our invested cash and restricted cash we hold on behalf of our clients, as well as clean energy investments. In addition, our share of the net earnings related to partially owned entities that are accounted for using the equity method is included in other income.

We are a global insurance brokerage, risk management and consulting services firm, headquartered in Rolling Meadows, Illinois. We provide these services in approximately 130 countries around the world through our owned operations and a network of correspondent brokers and consultants. We have prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements have been omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein are, in the opinion of management, prepared on a basis consistent with our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, and include all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the information set forth herein. The quarterly results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be reported for subsequent quarters or the full year. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. In the preparation of our unaudited consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2025, management evaluated all material subsequent events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date on which the financial statements were issued, for potential recognition and/or disclosure therein.

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of our unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These accounting principles require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our unaudited consolidated financial statements. We periodically evaluate our estimates and assumptions, including those relating to the valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, right-of-use assets, investments, income taxes, revenue recognition, deferred costs, stock-based compensation, claims handling obligations, retirement plans, litigation and contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable based on specific circumstances. Such estimates and assumptions could change in the future as more information becomes known, which could impact the amounts reported and disclosed in the notes herein.

2. Effect of New Accounting Pronouncements

Segment Reporting

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires that an entity report segment information in accordance with Topic 280, Segment Reporting. The amendment in the ASU is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. We adopted this ASU as of December 31, 2024, which affected our segment disclosures. See Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements for further detail regarding the impact of this ASU.

Income Taxes

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires that an entity, on an annual basis, disclose additional income tax information, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendment in the ASU is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on our consolidated financial statements which is expected to result in enhanced disclosures.

Climate Risk Disclosures

In March 2024, the SEC issued final climate-related disclosure rules that will require disclosure of material climate-related risks and material direct greenhouse gas emissions from operations owned or controlled (Scope 1) and/or material indirect greenhouse gas emissions from purchased energy consumed in owned or controlled operations (Scope 2). Additionally, the rules require disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of the effects of severe weather events and other natural conditions, subject to certain materiality thresholds. The disclosure requirements were scheduled to begin phasing in for annual reports and registration statements including financial information with respect to annual periods beginning in calendar year 2025. On April 4, 2024, the SEC issued an order staying the rules during the pendency of a number of legal challenges to the rules’ validity. On March 27, 2025, the SEC announced it had approved ending its defense of the rules in court. On April 24, 2025, the litigation was suspended pending confirmation from the SEC whether it intends to engage in the administrative process to change or revoke the rules. We are continuing to monitor these developments.

Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement Reporting–Comprehensive Income–Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220- 40), Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The standard update improves the disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses by requiring more detailed information about the types of expenses (including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation and amortization) included within income statement expense captions. The guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The standard updates are to be applied prospectively with the option for retrospective application. We are currently evaluating the impact of adoption of the standard update on its financial statement disclosures.

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3. Business Combinations

During the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, we acquired substantially all of the ownership interest or net assets, as applicable, of the following firms in exchange for our common stock and/or cash. These acquisitions have been accounted for using the acquisition method for recording business combinations (in millions, except share data):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | Maximum |
|  | Common |  |  | Common |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Potential |
Name and Effective |  | Shares |  |  | Share |  |  |  |  |  | Accrued |  |  | Escrow |  |  | Earnout |  |  | Purchase |  |  | Earnout |
Date of Acquisition |  | Issued |  |  | Value |  |  | Cash Paid |  |  | Liability |  |  | Deposited |  |  | Payable |  |  | Price |  |  | Payable |
|  | (000s) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
W K Webster & Co Ltd February 1, 2025 (WKW) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 138.4 |  |  | $ | 1.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13.9 |  |  | $ | 154.2 |  |  | $ | 28.5 |
Case Group February 26, 2025 (CSG) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 57.8 |  |  |  | 3.5 |  |  |  | 6.5 |  |  |  | 15.0 |  |  |  | 82.8 |  |  |  | 84.1 |
Nine other acquisitions completed in 2025 |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 16.0 |  |  |  | 147.3 |  |  |  | 1.6 |  |  |  | 6.9 |  |  |  | 29.5 |  |  |  | 201.3 |  |  |  | 54.5 |
|  |  | 49 |  |  | $ | 16.0 |  |  | $ | 343.5 |  |  | $ | 7.0 |  |  | $ | 13.4 |  |  | $ | 58.4 |  |  | $ | 438.3 |  |  | $ | 167.1 |

On December 7, 2024, we signed a definitive agreement to acquire all of the issued and outstanding stock of Dolphin Topco, Inc., the holding company of AssuredPartners, Inc., a Delaware corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “AssuredPartners”) for gross consideration of $13.45 billion. The transaction is subject to customary regulatory approvals. On March 7, 2025 we received a request for additional information as part of the Hart-Scott-Rodino filing. We are actively responding to the request and expect that the transaction will close in the second half of 2025. AssuredPartners is a leading U.S. insurance broker with client capabilities across commercial property/casualty, specialty, employee benefits and personal lines with operations in the U.K. and Ireland. We raised $8.5 billion of cash in our December 11, 2024 follow-on common stock offering and borrowed $5.0 billion of cash in our December 19, 2024 senior notes issuance (which we refer to, together with the follow-on common stock offering, as the AssuredPartners Financing), to fund the transaction. On January 7, 2025, we received an additional $1.28 billion of cash due to the exercise by the underwriters of the overallotment provision related to the follow-on common stock offering.

On March 4, 2025, we signed a definitive agreement to acquire all of the issued and outstanding stock of Woodruff Sawyer & Co. (which we refer to as Woodruff Sawyer) for consideration of $1.2 billion. The acquisition closed on April 10, 2025. We funded the transaction using cash on hand. Woodruff Sawyer provides a full suite of commercial property/casualty products, employee benefits solutions and risk management services with a focus on middle and large market clients. Woodruff Sawyer has over 600 employees serving through 14 U.S offices and one U.K. office.

Common shares issued in connection with acquisitions are valued at closing market prices as of the effective date of the applicable acquisition or on the days when the shares are issued, if purchase consideration is deferred. We record escrow deposits that are returned to us as a result of adjustments to net assets acquired as reductions of goodwill when the escrows are settled. The maximum potential earnout payables disclosed in the foregoing table represent the maximum amount of additional consideration that could be paid pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement for the applicable acquisition. The amounts recorded as earnout payables, which are primarily based upon the estimated future operating results of the acquired entities over a two- to three-year period subsequent to the acquisition date, are measured at fair value as of the acquisition date and are included on that basis in the recorded purchase price consideration in the foregoing table. We will record subsequent changes in these estimated earnout obligations, including the accretion of discount, in our consolidated statement of earnings when incurred.

The fair value of these earnout obligations is generally based on the present value of the expected future payments to be made to the sellers of the acquired entities in accordance with the provisions outlined in the respective purchase agreements, which is a Level 3 fair value measurement (discounted cash flow method of the income approach). In determining fair value, we estimated the acquired entity’s future performance using financial projections developed by management for the acquired entity and market participant assumptions that were derived for revenue growth and/or profitability. Revenue growth rates generally ranged from 5.0% to 17.5% for our 2025 acquisitions. We estimated future payments using the earnout formula and performance targets specified in each purchase agreement and the financial projections just described. We then discounted these payments to present value using a risk-adjusted rate that takes into consideration market-based rates of return that reflect the ability of the acquired entity to achieve the targets. The discount rate was 9.0% for all of our 2025 acquisitions. In some instances, the fair value of these earnout obligations can be based on other valuation methods including the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Method or Monte Carlo Simulation method. Changes in financial projections, market participant assumptions for revenue growth and/or profitability, or the risk-adjusted discount rate, would result in a change in the fair value of recorded earnout obligations.

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During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recognized $13.0 million and $18.8 million, respectively, of expense in our consolidated statement of earnings related to the accretion of the discount recorded for earnout obligations in connection with our acquisitions. In addition, during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recognized $2.8 million of expense and $34.9 million of income, respectively, related to net adjustments in the estimated fair value of the liability for earnout obligations in connection with revised assumptions due to changes in interest rates, volatility and other assumptions and projections of future performance for 28 and 37 acquisitions, respectively. The aggregate amount of maximum earnout obligations related to acquisitions was $2,154.0 million as of March 31, 2025, of which $1,368.0 million was recorded in the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025, based on the estimated fair value of the expected future payments to be made, of which approximately $576.3 million can be settled in cash or stock at our option and $791.7 million must be settled in cash.

The following is a summary of the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired at the date of each acquisition made in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 (in millions):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nine Other |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | WKW |  |  | CSG |  |  | Acquisitions |  |  | Total |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  | $ | 5.3 |  |  | $ | 5.6 |  |  | $ | 9.9 |  |  | $ | 20.8 |
Fiduciary assets |  |  |  |  | 86.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 31.1 |  |  |  | 117.9 |
Other current assets |  |  |  |  | 16.7 |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | 6.3 |  |  |  | 27.0 |
Fixed assets |  |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | 1.0 |  |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  | 2.9 |
Noncurrent assets |  |  |  |  | 2.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  | 4.2 |
Goodwill |  |  |  |  | 83.7 |  |  |  | 49.5 |  |  |  | 124.8 |  |  |  | 258.0 |
Expiration lists |  |  |  |  | 70.9 |  |  |  | 36.2 |  |  |  | 93.7 |  |  |  | 200.8 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  |  |  | 7.9 |  |  |  | 7.3 |  |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | 16.9 |
Total assets acquired |  |  |  |  | 274.6 |  |  |  | 103.6 |  |  |  | 270.3 |  |  |  | 648.5 |
Fiduciary liabilities |  |  |  |  | 86.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 31.1 |  |  |  | 117.9 |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  | 11.8 |  |  |  | 7.3 |  |  |  | 6.3 |  |  |  | 25.4 |
Noncurrent liabilities |  |  |  |  | 21.8 |  |  |  | 13.5 |  |  |  | 31.6 |  |  |  | 66.9 |
Total liabilities assumed |  |  |  |  | 120.4 |  |  |  | 20.8 |  |  |  | 69.0 |  |  |  | 210.2 |
Total net assets acquired |  |  |  | $ | 154.2 |  |  | $ | 82.8 |  |  | $ | 201.3 |  |  | $ | 438.3 |

Among other things, these acquisitions allow us to expand into desirable geographic locations, further extend our presence in the third party claims administration, retail and wholesale insurance and reinsurance brokerage markets and increase the volume of general services currently provided. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the tangible net assets acquired at the acquisition date was allocated to goodwill, expiration lists and non-compete agreements in the amounts of $258.0 million, $200.8 million and $16.9 million, respectively, within the brokerage and risk management segments.

Provisional estimates of fair value are established at the time of each acquisition and are subsequently reviewed and finalized within the first year of operations subsequent to the acquisition date to determine the necessity for adjustments. During this period, we may use independent third-party valuation specialists to assist us in finalizing the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Fair value adjustments, if any, are most common to the values established for amortizable intangible assets, including expiration lists, non‑compete agreements and trade names, as well as for acquired software, and earnout liabilities, with the offset to goodwill, net of any income tax effect.

The fair value of the tangible assets and liabilities for each applicable acquisition at the acquisition date approximated their carrying values. In general, the fair value of expiration lists was established using the excess earnings method, which is an income approach based on estimated financial projections developed by management for each acquired entity using market participant assumptions. Revenue growth and attrition rates generally ranged from 3.0% to 4.1% and 5.0% to 12.0%, respectively, for our 2024 acquisitions for which valuations were performed in 2025. We estimate the fair value as the present value of the benefits anticipated from ownership of the subject expiration list in excess of returns required on the investment in contributory assets necessary to realize those benefits. The rate used to discount the net benefits was based on a risk-adjusted rate that takes into consideration market-based rates of return and reflects the risk of the asset relative to the acquired business. The discount rate was 11.0% for our 2024 acquisitions for which valuations were performed in 2025. The fair value of non-compete agreements was established using the profit differential method, which is an income approach based on estimated financial projections developed by management for the acquired company using market participant assumptions and various non-compete scenarios.

Expiration lists, non-compete agreements and trade names related to our acquisitions are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives (two to fifteen years for expiration lists, two to six years for non-compete agreements and two to fifteen years for trade names), while goodwill is not subject to amortization. We use the straight-line method to amortize these intangible assets because the pattern of their economic benefits cannot be reasonably determined with any certainty. We review all of our

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identifiable intangible assets for impairment periodically (at least annually) and whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. In reviewing identifiable intangible assets, if the undiscounted future cash flows were less than the carrying amount of the respective (or underlying) asset, an indicator of impairment would exist and further analysis would be required to determine whether or not a loss would need to be charged against current period earnings as a component of amortization expense. Based on the results of impairment reviews and decisions made to exit some non-core operations during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, we wrote off $40.6 million of amortizable assets related to the brokerage segment. Based on the results of impairment reviews during the three-month period ended March 31, 2024 no impairments were noted.

Of the $200.8 million of expiration lists and $16.9 million of non-compete agreements related to our acquisitions made during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, $163.9 million and $16.3 million, respectively, are not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. Accordingly, we recorded a deferred tax liability of $47.2 million and a corresponding amount of goodwill in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, related to the nondeductible amortizable intangible assets.

Our unaudited consolidated financial statements for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 include the operations of the entities acquired in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 from their respective acquisition dates. The following is a summary of the unaudited pro forma historical results, as if these entities had been acquired at January 1, 2024 (in millions, except per share data):

| Three-month period ended |
| March 31, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Total revenues | $ | 3,741.1 |  |  | $ | 3,285.7 |
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests |  | 707.6 |  |  |  | 611.1 |
Basic net earnings per share |  | 2.78 |  |  |  | 2.81 |
Diluted net earnings per share |  | 2.73 |  |  |  | 2.75 |

The unaudited pro forma results above have been prepared for comparative purposes only and do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations which actually would have resulted had these acquisitions occurred at January 1, 2024, nor are they necessarily indicative of future operating results. Annualized revenues of entities acquired during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 totaled approximately $100.9 million. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, total revenues, net pretax loss and net earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization and the change in estimated acquisition earnout payables (EBITDAC) recorded in our unaudited consolidated statement of earnings related to our acquisitions made during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 in the aggregate, were $14.3 million, $(1.3) million and $2.9 million, respectively.

4. Contracts with Customers

Contract Assets and Liabilities/Contract Balances

Information about unbilled receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers is as follows (in millions):

|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Unbilled receivables |  | $ | 1,948.6 |  |  | $ | 1,273.9 |
Deferred contract costs |  |  | 127.8 |  |  |  | 206.8 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 695.6 |  |  |  | 604.3 |

The unbilled receivables, which are included in accounts receivable in our consolidated balance sheet, primarily relate to our rights to consideration for work completed but not billed at the reporting date. These are transferred to the receivables when the client is billed. The deferred contract costs represent the costs we incur to fulfill a new or renewal contract with our clients prior to the effective date of the contract. These costs are expensed on the contract effective date. The deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheet includes amounts that represent the remaining performance obligations under our contracts and amounts collected related to advanced billings and deposits received from customers that may or may not ultimately be recognized as revenues in the future. Deposits received from customers could be returned to the customers based on lesser actual transactional volume than originally billed volume.

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Significant changes i n the deferred revenue balances, which include foreign currency translation adjustments, during the period are as follows (in millions):

|  |  |  |  | Risk |  |  |  |
|  | Brokerage |  |  | Management |  |  | Total |
Deferred revenue at December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 430.9 |  |  | $ | 173.4 |  |  | $ | 604.3 |
Incremental deferred revenue |  |  | 279.4 |  |  |  | 26.2 |  |  |  | 305.6 |
Revenue recognized during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 included in deferred revenue at December 31, 2024 |  |  | (226.8 | ) |  |  | (20.9 | ) |  |  | (247.7 | )
Net change in collected billings/deposits received from customers |  |  | 20.9 |  |  |  | (6.9 | ) |  |  | 14.0 |
Impact of change in foreign exchange rates |  |  | 13.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13.1 |
Deferred revenue recognized from business acquisitions |  |  | 6.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6.3 |
Deferred revenue at March 31, 2025 |  | $ | 523.8 |  |  | $ | 171.8 |  |  | $ | 695.6 |

Revenue recognized during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 in the table above included revenue from 2024 acquisitions that would not be reflected in prior periods.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations represent the portion of the contract price for which work has not been performed. As of March 31, 2025, the aggregate amount of the contract price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $695.6 million. The estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period is as follows (in millions):

|  | Brokerage |  |  | Risk Management |  |  | Total |
2025 (remaining nine months) |  | $ | 441.1 |  |  | $ | 95.0 |  |  | $ | 536.1 |
2026 |  |  | 75.7 |  |  |  | 31.9 |  |  |  | 107.6 |
2027 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  |  | 19.5 |  |  |  | 24.6 |
2028 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  | 9.5 |  |  |  | 10.4 |
2029 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | 5.0 |  |  |  | 5.5 |
Thereafter |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | 10.9 |  |  |  | 11.4 |
Total |  | $ | 523.8 |  |  | $ | 171.8 |  |  | $ | 695.6 |

Deferred Contract Costs

We capitalize costs incurred to fulfill contracts as deferred contract costs which are included in other current assets in our consolidated balance sheet. Deferred contract costs were $127.8 million and $206.8 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Capitalized fulfillment costs are amortized to expense on the contract effective date. The amount of amortization of the deferred contract costs was $248.4 million and $204.0 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

We have applied the practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less for our brokerage segment. These costs are included in compensation and operating expenses in our consolidated statement of earnings.

- 17 -

5. Intangible Assets

The carrying amount of goodwill at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 allocated by domestic and foreign operations is as follows (in millions):

|  | Brokerage |  |  | Risk Management |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
At March 31, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 7,069.1 |  |  | $ | 74.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,143.9 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 2,671.6 |  |  |  | 114.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,785.9 |
Canada |  |  | 604.6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 604.6 |
Australia |  |  | 523.0 |  |  |  | 221.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 744.4 |
New Zealand |  |  | 193.8 |  |  |  | 8.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 202.5 |
Other foreign |  |  | 1,214.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18.5 |  |  |  | 1,233.4 |
Total goodwill |  | $ | 12,277.0 |  |  | $ | 419.2 |  |  | $ | 18.5 |  |  | $ | 12,714.7 |
At December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 6,965.6 |  |  | $ | 74.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,040.4 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 2,591.4 |  |  |  | 25.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,617.1 |
Canada |  |  | 586.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 586.9 |
Australia |  |  | 509.1 |  |  |  | 219.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 728.4 |
New Zealand |  |  | 183.2 |  |  |  | 8.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 191.7 |
Other foreign |  |  | 1,087.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18.5 |  |  |  | 1,105.7 |
Total goodwill |  | $ | 11,923.4 |  |  | $ | 328.3 |  |  | $ | 18.5 |  |  | $ | 12,270.2 |

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 are as follows (in millions):

|  | Brokerage |  |  | Risk Management |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Balance as of December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 11,923.4 |  |  | $ | 328.3 |  |  | $ | 18.5 |  |  | $ | 12,270.2 |
Goodwill acquired during the period |  |  | 174.3 |  |  |  | 83.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 258.0 |
Goodwill true-ups due to appraisals and other acquisition adjustments (see Note 3) |  |  | 53.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 53.8 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments during the period |  |  | 125.5 |  |  |  | 7.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 132.7 |
Balance as of March 31, 2025 |  | $ | 12,277.0 |  |  | $ | 419.2 |  |  | $ | 18.5 |  |  | $ | 12,714.7 |

Major classes of amortizable intangible assets at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consist of the following (in millions):

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Expiration lists |  | $ | 9,001.4 |  |  | $ | 8,763.7 |
Accumulated amortization - expiration lists |  |  | (4,558.9 | ) |  |  | (4,312.7 | )
|  |  | 4,442.5 |  |  |  | 4,451.0 |
Non-compete agreements |  |  | 135.9 |  |  |  | 117.7 |
Accumulated amortization - non-compete agreements |  |  | (90.9 | ) |  |  | (85.4 | )
|  |  | 45.0 |  |  |  | 32.3 |
Trade names |  |  | 120.6 |  |  |  | 120.0 |
Accumulated amortization - trade names |  |  | (75.9 | ) |  |  | (73.2 | )
|  |  | 44.7 |  |  |  | 46.8 |
Net amortizable assets |  | $ | 4,532.2 |  |  | $ | 4,530.1 |

- 18 -

Estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows (in millions):

2025 (remaining nine months) |  | $ | 494.3 |
2026 |  |  | 620.8 |
2027 |  |  | 581.7 |
2028 |  |  | 539.3 |
2029 |  |  | 489.5 |
Thereafter |  |  | 1,806.6 |
Total |  | $ | 4,532.2 |

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6. Credit and Other Debt Agreements

The following is a summary of our corporate and other debt (in millions): |  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Senior Notes: |  |  |  |  |  |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.60%, balloon due December 15, 2027 |  | $ | 750.0 |  |  | $ | 750.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.85%, balloon due December 15, 2029 |  |  | 750.0 |  |  |  | 750.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 2.40%, balloon due November 9, 2031 |  |  | 400.0 |  |  |  | 400.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 5.00%, balloon due February 15, 2032 |  |  | 500.0 |  |  |  | 500.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 5.50%, balloon due March 2, 2033 |  |  | 350.0 |  |  |  | 350.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 6.50%, balloon due February 15, 2034 |  |  | 400.0 |  |  |  | 400.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 5.45%, balloon due July 15, 2034 |  |  | 500.0 |  |  |  | 500.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 5.15%, balloon due February 15, 2035 |  |  | 1,500.0 |  |  |  | 1,500.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 3.50%, balloon due May 20, 2051 |  |  | 850.0 |  |  |  | 850.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 3.05%, balloon due March 9, 2052 |  |  | 350.0 |  |  |  | 350.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 5.75%, balloon due March 2, 2053 |  |  | 600.0 |  |  |  | 600.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 6.75%, balloon due February 15, 2054 |  |  | 600.0 |  |  |  | 600.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 5.75%, balloon due July 15, 2054 |  |  | 500.0 |  |  |  | 500.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 5.55%, balloon due February 15, 2055 |  |  | 1,500.0 |  |  |  | 1,500.0 |
Total Senior Notes |  |  | 9,550.0 |  |  |  | 9,550.0 |
Note Purchase Agreements: |  |  |  |  |  |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.31%, balloon due June 24, 2025 |  |  | 200.0 |  |  |  | 200.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.85%, balloon due February 13, 2026 |  |  | 140.0 |  |  |  | 140.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.73%, balloon due February 27, 2026 |  |  | 175.0 |  |  |  | 175.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.40%, balloon due June 2, 2026 |  |  | 175.0 |  |  |  | 175.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.36%, balloon due June 24, 2026 |  |  | 150.0 |  |  |  | 150.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 3.75%, balloon due January 30, 2027 |  |  | 30.0 |  |  |  | 30.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.09%, balloon due June 27, 2027 |  |  | 125.0 |  |  |  | 125.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.09%, balloon due August 2, 2027 |  |  | 125.0 |  |  |  | 125.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.14%, balloon due August 4, 2027 |  |  | 98.0 |  |  |  | 98.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 3.46%, balloon due December 1, 2027 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  |  | 100.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.55%, balloon due June 2, 2028 |  |  | 75.0 |  |  |  | 75.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.34%, balloon due June 13, 2028 |  |  | 125.0 |  |  |  | 125.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 5.04%, balloon due February 13, 2029 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  |  | 100.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.98%, balloon due February 27, 2029 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  |  | 100.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.19%, balloon due June 27, 2029 |  |  | 50.0 |  |  |  | 50.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.19%, balloon due August 2, 2029 |  |  | 50.0 |  |  |  | 50.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 3.48%, balloon due December 2, 2029 |  |  | 50.0 |  |  |  | 50.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 3.99%, balloon due January 30, 2030 |  |  | 341.0 |  |  |  | 341.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.44%, balloon due June 13, 2030 |  |  | 125.0 |  |  |  | 125.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 5.14%, balloon due March 13, 2031 |  |  | 180.0 |  |  |  | 180.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.70%, balloon due June 2, 2031 |  |  | 25.0 |  |  |  | 25.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.09%, balloon due January 30, 2032 |  |  | 69.0 |  |  |  | 69.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.34%, balloon due June 27, 2032 |  |  | 75.0 |  |  |  | 75.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.34%, balloon due August 2, 2032 |  |  | 75.0 |  |  |  | 75.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.59%, balloon due June 13, 2033 |  |  | 125.0 |  |  |  | 125.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 5.29%, balloon due March 13, 2034 |  |  | 40.0 |  |  |  | 40.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.48%, balloon due June 12, 2034 |  |  | 175.0 |  |  |  | 175.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.24%, balloon due January 30, 2035 |  |  | 79.0 |  |  |  | 79.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 2.44%, balloon due February 10, 2036 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  |  | 100.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 2.46%, balloon due May 5, 2036 |  |  | 75.0 |  |  |  | 75.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.69%, balloon due June 13, 2038 |  |  | 75.0 |  |  |  | 75.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 5.45%, balloon due March 13, 2039 |  |  | 40.0 |  |  |  | 40.0 |
Semi-annual payments of interest, fixed rate of 4.49%, balloon due January 30, 2040 |  |  | 56.0 |  |  |  | 56.0 |
Total Note Purchase Agreements |  |  | 3,523.0 |  |  |  | 3,523.0 |
Credit Agreement: |  |  |  |  |  |
Periodic payments of interest and principal, expires April 3, 2030 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Premium Financing Debt Facility - expires October 31, 2026: |  |  |  |  |  |
Facility B |  |  |  |  |  |
AUD denominated tranche, interbank rates plus 1.400% |  |  | 144.9 |  |  |  | 218.2 |
NZD denominated tranche, interbank rates plus 1.850% |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Facility C and D |  |  |  |  |  |
AUD denominated tranche, interbank rates plus 0.830% |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
NZD denominated tranche, interbank rates plus 0.990% |  |  | 7.9 |  |  |  | 7.0 |
Total Premium Financing Debt Facility |  |  | 152.8 |  |  |  | 225.2 |
Total corporate and other debt |  |  | 13,225.8 |  |  |  | 13,298.2 |
Less unamortized debt acquisition costs on Senior Notes and Note Purchase Agreements |  |  | (87.9 | ) |  |  | (90.1 | )
Less unamortized discount on Bonds Payable |  |  | (50.3 | ) |  |  | (51.0 | )
Net corporate and other debt |  | $ | 13,087.6 |  |  | $ | 13,157.1 |
The Senior Notes in the table above are registered by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not guaranteed. |

- 20 -

7. Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net earnings per share (in millions, except per share data):

| Three-month period ended |
| March 31, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests | $ | 704.4 |  |  | $ | 608.4 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding |  | 254.8 |  |  |  | 217.5 |
Dilutive effect of stock options using the treasury stock method |  | 4.6 |  |  |  | 4.5 |
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding |  | 259.4 |  |  |  | 222.0 |
Basic net earnings per share | $ | 2.76 |  |  | $ | 2.80 |
Diluted net earnings per share | $ | 2.72 |  |  | $ | 2.74 |

Anti-dilutive stock-based awards of 0.4 million and 0.5 million shares were outstanding at the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which were excluded in the computation of the dilutive effect of stock-based awards for the three-month periods then ended. These stock‑based awards were excluded from the computation because the exercise prices on these stock‑based awards were greater than the average market price of our common shares during the respective period, and therefore, would be anti‑dilutive to earnings per share under the treasury stock method.

8. Stock Option Plans

On May 10, 2022, our stockholders approved the Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan (which we refer to as the LTIP), which replaced our previous stockholder-approved Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan (which we refer to as the 2017 LTIP). The LTIP term began May 10, 2022 and terminates on the date of the annual meeting of stockholders in 2032, unless terminated earlier by our board of directors. All of our officers, employees and non-employee directors are eligible to receive awards under the LTIP. The compensation committee of our board of directors determines the annual number of shares delivered under the LTIP. The LTIP provides for non-qualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units, any or all of which may be made contingent upon the achievement of performance criteria.

Shares of our common stock available for issuance under the LTIP include authorized and unissued shares of common stock or authorized and issued shares of common stock reacquired and held as treasury shares or otherwise, or a combination thereof. The number of available shares will be reduced by the aggregate number of shares that become subject to outstanding awards granted under the LTIP. A maximum of 3.5 million shares issued for full value awards (i.e., awards other than stock options or stock appreciation rights) will be counted one-for-one against the 13.5 million share pool, and every share subject to a full value award in excess of such limit will count as 3.8 shares against the pool. To the extent that shares subject to an outstanding award granted under either the LTIP or prior equity plans are not issued or delivered by reason of the expiration, termination, cancellation or forfeiture of such award or by reason of the settlement of such award in cash, then such shares will again be available for grant under the LTIP.

The maximum number of shares available under the LTIP for restricted stock, restricted stock unit awards and performance unit awards settled with stock (i.e., all awards other than stock options and stock appreciation rights) was 2.1 million at March 31, 2025.

The LTIP provides for the grant of stock options, which may be either tax-qualified incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options and stock appreciation rights. The compensation committee determines the period for the exercise of a non-qualified stock option, tax-qualified incentive stock option or stock appreciation right, provided that no option can be exercised later than seven years after its date of grant. The exercise price of a non-qualified stock option or tax-qualified incentive stock option and the base price of a stock appreciation right cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of grant, provided that the base price of a stock appreciation right granted in tandem with an option will be the exercise price of the related option.

Upon exercise, the option exercise price may be paid in cash, by the delivery of previously owned shares of our common stock, through a net-exercise arrangement, or through a broker-assisted cashless exercise arrangement. The compensation committee determines all of the terms relating to the exercise, cancellation or other disposition of an option or stock appreciation right upon a termination of employment, whether by reason of disability, retirement, death or any other reason. Stock option and stock appreciation right awards under the LTIP are non-transferable.

- 21 -

On March 1, 2025, the compensation committee granted 829,000 options under the LTIP to our officers and key employees that become exercisable at the rate of 34%, 33% and 33% on the anniversary date of the grant in 2028, 2029 and 2030, respectively. On March 1, 2024, the compensation committee granted 1,044,000 options under the LTIP to our officers and key employees that become exercisable at the rate of 34%, 33% and 33% on the anniversary date of the grant in 2027, 2028 and 2029, respectively. The 2025 and 2024 options expire seven years from the date of grant, or earlier in the event of certain terminations of employment. Stock options granted in 2025 and 2024 to executive officers are not subject to forfeiture upon such officers’ departure from the Company once they attain the age of 62.

During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recognized $17.8 million and $15.1 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to our stock option grants.

For purposes of expense recognition, the estimated fair values of the stock option grants are amortized to expense over the options’ vesting period. We estimated the fair value of stock options at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Expected dividend yield |  |  | 0.8 | % |  |  | 1.0 | %
Expected risk-free interest rate |  |  | 4.1 | % |  |  | 4.2 | %
Volatility |  |  | 25.4 | % |  |  | 25.3 | %
Expected life (in years) |  |  | 5.5 |  |  |  | 5.5 |

Option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility. The Black-Scholes option pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. The weighted average fair value per option for all options granted during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, as determined on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, was $98.27 and $69.55, respectively.

The following is a summary of our stock option activity and related information for 2025 (in millions, except exercise price and year data):

|  | Three-month period ended March 31, 2025 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Weighted |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Average |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Weighted |  |  | Remaining |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Average |  |  | Contractual |  |  | Aggregate |
|  | Under |  |  | Exercise |  |  | Term |  |  | Intrinsic |
|  | Option |  |  | Price |  |  | (in years) |  |  | Value |
Beginning balance |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | $ | 148.26 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  | 337.74 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  |  | 105.94 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited or canceled |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | 181.36 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | $ | 173.78 |  |  |  | 4.08 |  |  | $ | 1,259.8 |
Exercisable at end of period |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | $ | 109.41 |  |  |  | 2.39 |  |  | $ | 608.9 |
Ending unvested and expected to vest |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | $ | 205.82 |  |  |  | 4.95 |  |  | $ | 601.4 |

Options with respect to 9.9 million shares (less any shares of restricted stock issued under the LTIP - see Note 10 to these unaudited consolidated financial statements) were available for grant under the LTIP at March 31, 2025.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $162.3 million and $123.4 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, we had approximately $184.4 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested options. We expect to recognize that cost over a weighted average period of approximately four years.

- 22 -

Other information regarding stock options outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2025 is summarized as follows (in millions, except exercise price and year data):

|  |  |  |  |  |  | Options Outstanding |  |  | Options Exercisable |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Weighted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Average |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Remaining |  |  | Weighted |  |  |  |  |  | Weighted |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Contractual |  |  | Average |  |  |  |  |  | Average |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Number |  |  | Term |  |  | Exercise |  |  | Number |  |  | Exercise |
Range of Exercise Prices |  |  | Outstanding |  |  | (in years) |  |  | Price |  |  | Exercisable |  |  | Price |
$ | 79.59 |  |  | — |  | $ | 79.59 |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | 0.95 |  |  | $ | 79.59 |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | $ | 79.59 |
| 86.17 |  |  | — |  |  | 86.17 |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  | 1.95 |  |  |  | 86.17 |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  | 86.17 |
| 127.90 |  |  | — |  |  | 127.90 |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | 2.96 |  |  |  | 127.90 |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 127.90 |
| 156.85 |  |  | — |  |  | 156.85 |  |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  | 3.84 |  |  |  | 156.85 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 156.85 |
| 158.56 |  |  | — |  |  | 161.14 |  |  |  | 1.0 |  |  |  | 3.97 |  |  |  | 158.66 |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 158.56 |
| 177.09 |  |  | — |  |  | 202.13 |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | 4.96 |  |  |  | 177.80 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
| 238.88 |  |  | — |  |  | 243.54 |  |  |  | 1.0 |  |  |  | 5.92 |  |  |  | 243.54 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
| 337.74 |  |  | — |  |  | 337.74 |  |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  | 6.92 |  |  |  | 337.74 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
$ | 79.59 |  |  | — |  | $ | 337.74 |  |  |  | 7.3 |  |  |  | 4.08 |  |  | $ | 173.78 |  |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | $ | 109.41 |

9. Deferred Compensation

We have a Deferred Equity Participation Plan (which we refer to as the DEPP), which is a non-qualified plan that generally provides for distributions to certain of our key executives when they reach age 62 (or the one-year anniversary of the date of the grant for participants over the age of 61 as of the grant date) or upon or after their actual retirement if later. Under the provisions of the DEPP, we typically contribute cash in an amount approved by the compensation committee to a rabbi trust on behalf of the executives participating in the DEPP, and instruct the trustee to acquire a specified number of shares of our common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions based on participant elections. Distributions under the DEPP may not normally be made until the participant reaches age 62 (or the one-year anniversary of the date of the grant for participants over the age of 61 as of the grant date) and are subject to forfeiture in the event of voluntary termination of employment or termination for cause prior to then. DEPP awards are generally made annually in the first quarter. In addition, we annually make awards under sub-plans of the DEPP for certain production staff, which generally provide for vesting and/or distributions no sooner than five years from the date of awards, although certain awards vest and/or distribute after the earlier of fifteen years or the participant reaching age 65. All contributions to the plan (including sub-plans) deemed to be invested in shares of our common stock are distributed in the form of our common stock and all other distributions are paid in cash.

Our common stock that is issued to or purchased by the rabbi trust as a contribution under the DEPP is valued at historical cost, which equals its fair market value at the date of grant or date of purchase. When common stock is issued, we record an unearned deferred compensation obligation as a reduction of capital in excess of par value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet, which is amortized to compensation expense ratably over the vesting period of the participants. Future changes in the fair market value of our common stock owed to the participants do not have any impact on the amounts recorded in our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

In the first quarters of 2025 and 2024, the compensation committee approved $22.2 million and $23.2 million, respectively, of awards in the aggregate to certain key executives under the DEPP that were contributed to the rabbi trust in the first quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively. We contributed cash to the rabbi trust and instructed the trustee to acquire a specified number of shares of our common stock on the open market to fund these 2025 and 2024 awards. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we charged $3.5 million and $4.0 million, respectively, to compensation expense related to these awards.

In the first quarters of 2025 and 2024, the compensation committee approved $2.3 million and $2.3 million, respectively, of awards under the sub-plans referred to above, which were contributed to the rabbi trust in the first quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively. During each of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we charged $0.5 million to compensation expense related to these awards. There were no distributions from the sub-plans during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

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At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we recorded $97.3 million (related to 2.1 million shares) and $77.0 million (related to 2.2 million shares), respectively, of unearned deferred compensation as a reduction of capital in excess of par value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The total intrinsic value of our unvested equity-based awards under the plan at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $719.0 million and $616.4 million, respectively. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, cash and equity awards with an aggregate fair value of $10.9 million and $7.9 million, respectively, were vested and distributed to executives under the DEPP.

We have a Deferred Cash Participation Plan (which we refer to as the DCPP), which is a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for certain key employees, other than executive officers, that generally provides for vesting and/or distributions no sooner than five years from the date of awards. Under the provisions of the DCPP, we typically contribute cash in an amount approved by the compensation committee to the rabbi trust on behalf of the executives participating in the DCPP, and instruct the trustee to acquire a specified number of shares of our common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions based on participant elections. In the first quarters of 2025 and 2024, the compensation committee approved $7.8 million and $8.1 million, respectively, of awards in the aggregate to certain key executives under the DCPP that were contributed to the rabbi trust in the first quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we charged $4.7 million and $4.8 million, respectively, to compensation expense related to these awards. There were no distributions from the DCPP during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

10. Restricted Stock, Performance Share and Cash Awards

Restricted Stock Awards

As discussed in Note 8 to these unaudited consolidated financial statements, on May 10, 2022, our stockholders approved the LTIP, which replaced our previous stockholder-approved 2017 LTIP. The LTIP provides for the grant of a stock award either as restricted stock or as restricted stock units to officers, employees and non-employee directors. In either case, the compensation committee may determine that the award will be subject to the attainment of performance measures over an established performance period. Stock awards and the related dividend equivalents are non-transferable and subject to forfeiture if the holder does not remain continuously employed with us during the applicable restriction period or, in the case of a performance-based award, if applicable performance measures are not attained. The compensation committee will determine all of the terms relating to the satisfaction of performance measures and the termination of a restriction period, or the forfeiture and cancellation of a restricted stock award upon a termination of employment, whether by reason of disability, retirement, death or any other reason.

The agreements awarding restricted stock units under the LTIP will specify whether such awards may be settled in shares of our common stock, cash or a combination of shares and cash and whether the holder will be entitled to receive dividend equivalents, on a current or deferred basis, with respect to such award. Prior to the settlement of a restricted stock unit, the holder of a restricted stock unit will have no rights as a stockholder of the Company. The maximum number of shares available under the LTIP for restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance unit awards settled with stock (i.e., all awards other than stock options and stock appreciation rights) is 4.0 million. At March 31, 2025, 2.1 million shares were available for grant under the LTIP for such awards.

In the first quarters of 2025 and 2024, we granted 297,000 and 345,000 restricted stock units, respectively, to employees under the LTIP, with an aggregate fair value of $94.3 million and $83.9 million, respectively, at the date of grant. These 2025 and 2024 awards of restricted stock units vest in full based on continued employment through March 1, 2030 and March 1, 2029, respectively.

We account for restricted stock awards at historical cost, which equals its fair market value at the date of grant, which is amortized to compensation expense ratably over the vesting period of the participants. Future changes in the fair market value of our common stock that is owed to the participants do not have any impact on the amounts recorded in our unaudited consolidated financial statements. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recognized $13.2 million and $12.9 million, respectively, to compensation expense related to restricted stock unit awards granted in 2020 through 2025. The total intrinsic value of unvested restricted stock units at March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $530.5 million and $402.0 million, respectively. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, equity awards (including accrued dividends) with an aggregate value of $110.8 million and $83.3 million, respectively, were vested and distributed to employees under this plan.

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Performance Share Awards

On March 1, 2025 and March 1, 2024, pursuant to the LTIP, respectively, the compensation committee approved 68,000 and 58,000, respectively, of provisional performance share awards, with an aggregate fair value of $21.8 million and $14.2 million, respectively, for future grants to our officers. Each performance share award was equivalent to the value of one share of our common stock on the date such provisional award was approved. At the end of the performance period, eligible participants will receive a number of earned shares based on the growth in adjusted EBITDAC per share (as defined in our 2025 Proxy Statement). Earned shares for the 2025 and 2024 provisional awards will fully vest based on continuous employment through March 1, 2028 and March 1, 2027, respectively, and will be settled in unrestricted shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis as soon as practicable thereafter. The 2025 and 2024 awards are subject to a three-year performance period that began on January 1, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and vest on the three-year anniversary of the date of grant (March 1, 2028 and March 1, 2027). Performance share awards granted in 2023 to certain executive officers age 55 or older are not subject to forfeitures upon such officers’ departure from the Company after two years from date of grant. Performance share awards granted in 2024 to executive officers are not subject to forfeiture upon such officers’ departure from the Company once they attain the age of 62. In each case, the awards vest on a pro rata basis based on the number of months rounded up during which the officer was employed during the three-year performance period. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recognized $6.3 million and $5.0 million, respectively, to compensation expense related to performance share awards granted in 2021 through 2025. The total intrinsic value of unvested performance share awards at March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $113.1 million and $94.9 million, respectively. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, equity awards (including accrued dividends) with an aggregate fair value of $35.5 million and $31.6 million, respectively, were vested and distributed to employees under this plan.

Cash Awards

Pursuant to our Performance Unit Program (which we refer to as the Program), there were no units granted in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The Program consists of a one-year performance period based on our financial performance and a three-year vesting period measured from January 1 of the year of grant. At the discretion of the compensation committee and determined based on our performance, the eligible officer or key employee will be granted a percentage of the provisional cash award units that equates to the EBITDAC growth achieved (as defined in the Program). At the end of the performance period, eligible participants will be granted a number of units based on achievement of the performance goal and subject to approval by the compensation committee. Granted units will fully vest based on continuous employment through the three-year vesting period. The ultimate award value will be equal to the trailing twelve-month price of our common stock, multiplied by the number of units subject to the award, but limited to between 0.5 and 1.5 times the original value of the units determined as of the grant date. The fair value of the awarded units will be paid out in cash as soon as practicable. If an eligible employee leaves us prior to the vesting date, the entire award will be forfeited.

On March 15, 2022, pursuant to the Program, the compensation committee approved provisional cash awards of $19.9 million in the aggregate for future grants to our officers and key employees that are denominated in units (125,000 units in the aggregate), each of which was equivalent to the value of one share of our common stock on the date the provisional award was approved. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2024, we recognized $3.4 million to compensation expense related to these awards.

During the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, cash awards related to the 2022 provisional award with an aggregate fair value of $26.5 million (111,000 units in the aggregate) were vested and distributed to employees under the program. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2024, cash awards related to the 2021 provisional award with an aggregate fair value of $25.4 million (129,000 units in the aggregate) were vested and distributed to employees under the program.

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11. Derivatives and Hedging Activity

We are exposed to market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. To manage the risk related to these exposures, we enter into various derivative instruments that reduce these risks by creating offsetting exposures. We generally do not enter into derivative transactions for trading or speculative purposes.

Foreign Exchange Risk Management

We are exposed to foreign exchange risk when we earn revenues, pay expenses, or enter into monetary intercompany transfers denominated in a currency that differs from our functional currency, or other transactions that are denominated in a currency other than our functional currency. We use foreign exchange derivatives, typically forward contracts and options, to reduce our overall exposure to the effects of currency fluctuations on cash flows. These exposures are hedged, on average, for less than three years.

Interest Rate Risk Management

We enter into various long-term debt agreements. We use interest rate derivatives, typically swaps, to reduce our exposure to the effects of interest rate fluctuations on the forecasted interest rates for up to three years into the future.

We have not received or pledged any collateral related to derivative arrangements at March 31, 2025.

The notional and fair values of derivatives designated as hedging instruments are as follows at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in millions):

|  |  |  |  | Derivative Assets |  |  |  |  | Derivative Liabilities |  |  |
|  | Notional |  |  | Balance Sheet |  | Fair |  |  | Balance Sheet |  | Fair |
Instrument |  | Amount |  |  | Classification |  | Value |  |  | Classification |  | Value |
At March 31, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | 1,000.0 |  |  | Other current assets |  | $ | — |  |  | Accrued compensation and other current liabilities |  | $ | — |
|  |  |  |  | Other noncurrent assets |  |  | — |  |  | Other noncurrent liabilities |  |  | 9.0 |
Foreign exchange contracts (1) |  |  | 16.4 |  |  | Other current assets |  |  | 10.4 |  |  | Accrued compensation and other current liabilities |  |  | 0.9 |
|  |  |  |  | Other noncurrent assets |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | Other noncurrent liabilities |  |  | 2.5 |
Total |  | $ | 1,016.4 |  |  |  |  | $ | 18.4 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12.4 |
At December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | Other current assets |  | $ | — |  |  | Accrued compensation and other current liabilities |  | $ | — |
|  |  |  |  | Other noncurrent assets |  |  | — |  |  | Other noncurrent liabilities |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange contracts (1) |  |  | 24.4 |  |  | Other current assets |  |  | 6.2 |  |  | Accrued compensation and other current liabilities |  |  | 2.4 |
|  |  |  |  | Other noncurrent assets |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | Other noncurrent liabilities |  |  | 2.9 |
Total |  | $ | 24.4 |  |  |  |  | $ | 8.8 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5.3 |

(1)
Included within foreign exchange contracts at March 31, 2025 were $747.3 million of call options, offset with $747.3 million of put options, and $0.6 million of buy forwards, offset with $17.0 million of sell forwards. Included within foreign exchange contracts at December 31, 2024 were $595.4 million of call options, offset with $595.4 million of put options, and $1.2 million of buy forwards, offset with $25.6 million of sell forwards.

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The effect of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows (in millions):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Amount of |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Amount of |  |  | Gain |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Gain (Loss) |  |  | Recognized |  |  |
|  | Amount of |  |  | Reclassified |  |  | in Earnings |  |  |
|  | Gain (Loss) |  |  | from |  |  | Related to |  |  |
|  | Recognized in |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Amount |  |  |
|  | Accumulated |  |  | Other |  |  | Excluded |  |  |
|  | Other |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | from |  |  |
|  | Comprehensive |  |  | Loss into |  |  | Effectiveness |  |  | Statement of Earnings
Instrument |  | Loss (1) |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Testing |  |  | Classification
Three-month period ended March 31, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | (12.7 | ) |  | $ | (0.3 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | Interest expense
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | 10.7 |  |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | — |  |  | Commission revenue
|  |  |  |  |  | (0.6 | ) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | Compensation expense
|  |  |  |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | — |  |  | Operating expense
Total |  | $ | (2.0 | ) |  | $ | (1.7 | ) |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  |
Three-month period ended March 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | (0.3 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | Interest expense
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  | (3.4 | ) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  | Commission revenue
|  |  |  |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | Compensation expense
|  |  |  |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | Operating expense
Total |  | $ | (2.7 | ) |  | $ | (0.9 | ) |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  |

(1)
For the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, the amount excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness for our foreign exchange contracts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss was a loss of $0.1 million. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2024, the amount excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness for our foreign exchange contracts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss was a gain of $0.3 million.

We estimate that approximately $22.1 million of pretax gain currently included within accumulated other comprehensive income will be reclassified into earnings in the next twelve months.

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12. Commitments, Contingencies and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In connection with our investing and operating activities, we have entered into certain contractual obligations and commitments. Our future minimum cash payments, including interest, associated with our contractual obligations pursuant to the Senior Notes, Note Purchase Agreements, Credit Agreement, Premium Financing Debt Facility, operating leases and purchase obligations at March 31, 2025 were as follows (in millions):

|  | Payments Due by Period |
Contractual Obligations |  | 2025 |  |  | 2026 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 2028 |  |  | 2029 |  |  | Thereafter |  |  | Total |
Senior Notes |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 750.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 750.0 |  |  | $ | 8,050.0 |  |  | $ | 9,550.0 |
Note Purchase Agreements |  |  | 200.0 |  |  |  | 640.0 |  |  |  | 478.0 |  |  |  | 200.0 |  |  |  | 350.0 |  |  |  | 1,655.0 |  |  |  | 3,523.0 |
Credit Agreement |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Premium Financing Debt Facility |  |  | 152.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 152.8 |
Interest on debt |  |  | 433.8 |  |  |  | 611.5 |  |  |  | 593.0 |  |  |  | 539.2 |  |  |  | 528.5 |  |  |  | 6,589.4 |  |  |  | 9,295.4 |
Total debt obligations |  |  | 786.6 |  |  |  | 1,251.5 |  |  |  | 1,821.0 |  |  |  | 739.2 |  |  |  | 1,628.5 |  |  |  | 16,294.4 |  |  |  | 22,521.2 |
Operating lease obligations |  |  | 87.7 |  |  |  | 110.1 |  |  |  | 88.7 |  |  |  | 66.5 |  |  |  | 37.2 |  |  |  | 82.3 |  |  |  | 472.5 |
Less sublease arrangements |  |  | (1.7 | ) |  |  | (2.0 | ) |  |  | (1.9 | ) |  |  | (1.3 | ) |  |  | (1.0 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7.9 | )
Outstanding purchase obligations |  |  | 102.4 |  |  |  | 103.6 |  |  |  | 63.4 |  |  |  | 38.7 |  |  |  | 25.6 |  |  |  | 54.4 |  |  |  | 388.1 |
Total contractual obligations |  | $ | 975.0 |  |  | $ | 1,463.2 |  |  | $ | 1,971.2 |  |  | $ | 843.1 |  |  | $ | 1,690.3 |  |  | $ | 16,431.1 |  |  | $ | 23,373.9 |

The amounts presented in the table above may not necessarily reflect our actual future cash funding requirements, because the actual timing of the future payments made may vary from the stated contractual obligation.

Senior Notes, Note Purchase Agreements, Credit Agreement and Premium Financing Debt Facility - See Note 6 to these unaudited consolidated financial statements for a summary of the amounts outstanding under the Senior Notes, Note Purchase Agreements, the Credit Agreement and Premium Financing Debt Facility.

Operating Lease Obligations - Our corporate segment’s executive offices and certain subsidiary and branch facilities of our brokerage and risk management segments are located in a building we own at 2850 Golf Road, Rolling Meadows, Illinois, where we have approximately 360,000 square feet of space.

We generally operate in leased premises at our other locations. Certain of these leases have options permitting renewals for additional periods. In addition to minimum fixed rentals, a number of leases contain annual escalation clauses which are generally related to increases in an inflation index.

We have leased certain office space to several non-affiliated tenants under operating sublease arrangements. In the normal course of business, we expect that certain of these leases will not be renewed or replaced. We adjust charges for real estate taxes and common area maintenance annually based on actual expenses, and we recognize the related revenues in the year in which the expenses are incurred. These amounts are not included in the minimum future rentals to be received in the contractual obligations table above.

Outstanding Purchase Obligations - The amount disclosed in the contractual obligations table above represents the aggregate amount of unrecorded purchase obligations that we had outstanding at March 31, 2025. These obligations represent agreements to purchase goods or services that were executed in the normal course of business.

Off-Balance Sheet Commitments - Our total unrecorded commitments associated with outstanding letters of credit, financial guarantees and funding commitments as of March 31, 2025 were as follows (in millions):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  | Amount of Commitment Expiration by Period |  |  | Amounts |
Off-Balance Sheet Commitments |  | 2025 |  |  | 2026 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 2028 |  |  | 2029 |  |  | Thereafter |  |  | Committed |
Letters of credit |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14.2 |  |  | $ | 14.2 |
Financial guarantees |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28.2 |  |  |  | 28.7 |
Total commitments |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42.4 |  |  | $ | 42.9 |

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Since commitments may expire unused, the amounts presented in the table above do not necessarily reflect our actual future cash funding requirements. See the Off‑Balance Sheet Debt section below for a discussion of our letters of credit. All of the letters of credit represent multiple year commitments that have annual, automatic renewing provisions and are classified by the latest commitment date.

Since January 1, 2002, we have acquired 761 companies, all of which were accounted for using the acquisition method for recording business combinations. Substantially all of the purchase agreements related to these acquisitions contain provisions for potential earnout obligations. For all of our acquisitions made in the period from 2021 to 2025 that contain potential earnout obligations, such obligations are measured at fair value as of the acquisition date and are included on that basis in the recorded purchase price consideration for the respective acquisition. The amounts recorded as earnout payables are primarily based upon estimated future potential operating results of the acquired entities over a two- to three-year period subsequent to the acquisition date. The aggregate amount of the maximum earnout obligations related to these acquisitions was $2,154.0 million, of which $1,368.0 million was recorded in our consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025 based on the estimated fair value of the expected future payments to be made, of which approximately $576.3 million can be settled in cash or stock at our option and $791.7 million must be settled in cash.

Off-Balance Sheet Debt - Our unconsolidated investment portfolio includes investments in enterprises where our ownership interest is between 1% and 50%, in which management has determined that our level of influence and economic interest is not sufficient to require consolidation. As a result, these investments are accounted for under the equity method. None of these unconsolidated investments had any outstanding debt at March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024, that was recourse to us.

At March 31, 2025, we had posted one letter of credit totaling $0.4 million, in the aggregate, related to our self‑insurance deductibles, for which we had a recorded liability of $11.3 million. We have an equity investment in a rent-a-captive facility, which we use as a placement facility for certain of our insurance brokerage operations. At March 31, 2025, we had posted eight letters of credit totaling $13.0 million to allow certain of our captive operations to meet minimum statutory surplus requirements plus additional collateral related to premium and claim funds held in a fiduciary capacity and one letter of credit totaling $0.8 million for collateral related to claim funds held in a fiduciary capacity by a recent acquisition. These letters of credit have never been drawn upon.

Litigation, Regulatory and Taxation Matters - We routinely are involved in legal proceedings, claims, disputes, regulatory matters and governmental inspections or investigations arising in the ordinary course of or incidental to our business, including errors and omissions (which we refer to as E&O) claims and those noted below in this section. We record accruals in the unaudited consolidated financial statements for pending litigation when we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. For the matters we disclose that do not include an estimate of the amount of loss or range of losses, such an estimate is not possible or is immaterial, and we may be unable to estimate the possible loss or range of losses that could potentially result from the application of non-monetary remedies, unless disclosed below. We currently believe that the ultimate outcome of these proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, will not materially harm our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, legal proceedings and government investigations are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings or other adverse events could occur, including the payment of substantial monetary damages or an injunction or other order prohibiting us from selling one or more products at all or in particular ways, precluding particular business practices or requiring other remedies, which may result in a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations or financial position.

As previously disclosed, our IRC 831(b) (or “micro-captive”) advisory services business has been under a promoter investigation by the IRS since 2013. Among other matters, the IRS is investigating whether we have been acting as a tax shelter promoter in connection with these operations. Additionally, the IRS is conducting a criminal investigation related to IRC 831(b) micro-captive underwriting enterprises. We have been advised that we are not a target of the criminal investigation. We are fully cooperating with both matters.

Contingent Liabilities - We purchase insurance to provide protection from E&O claims that may arise during the ordinary course of business. Currently we r etain the first $15.0 million of each and every E&O claim. In addition, we retain, in aggregate, up to another $2.0 million between $15.0 million and $100.0 million, plus up to another $10.0 million between $100.0 million and $225.0 million, and up to another $20.0 million between $225.0 million and $400.0 million. We have historically maintained self-insurance reserves for the portion of our E&O exposure that is not insured. We periodically determine a range of possible reserve levels using actuarial techniques that rely heavily on projecting historical claim data into the future. Our E&O reserve in the March 31, 2025 consolidated balance sheet is above the lower end of the most recently determined actuarial range by $6.9 million and below the upper end of the actuarial range by $8.2 million. We can make no assurances that the historical claim data used to project the current reserve levels will be indicative of future claim activity. Thus, the E&O reserve level and corresponding actuarial range could change in the future as more information becomes known, which could materially impact the amounts reported and disclosed herein.

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13. Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information

|  | Three-month period ended March 31, |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information (in millions): |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Interest paid |  | $ | 133.0 |  |  | $ | 104.4 |
Income taxes paid, net |  |  | 67.3 |  |  |  | 71.7 |

The following is a reconciliation of our end of period cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and fiduciary cash balances as presented in the consolidated statement of cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in millions):

|  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Cash and cash equivalents - non-restricted cash |  | $ | 16,482.6 |  |  | $ | 1,571.6 |
Cash and cash equivalents - restricted cash |  |  | 209.2 |  |  |  | 191.0 |
Total cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 16,691.8 |  |  |  | 1,762.6 |
Fiduciary cash |  |  | 5,547.8 |  |  |  | 5,318.2 |
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and fiduciary cash |  | $ | 22,239.6 |  |  | $ | 7,080.8 |

Total cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and fiduciary cash at March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, include $17,044.9 million and $2,116.1 million, respectively, of income earning money market accounts. The increase in cash invested in money market accounts between years is primarily due to the proceeds received from the AssuredPartners Financing ($13.5 billion) and proceeds received in January 2025 from the exercise by the underwriters of the overallotment provision related to the follow-on-common stock offering ($1.3 billion). Refer to Note 6 for more information regarding the senior notes. The dividend income on money market accounts was recorded in interest income, premium finance and other income in our consolidated statement of earnings, which increased $154.2 million during March 31, 2025 ($142.6 million of which related to the proceeds from the AssuredPartners Financing) to $247.6 million for the period ended March 31, 2024 compared to $93.4 million for the period ended March 31, 2024.

We have a qualified contributory savings and thrift 401(k) plan covering the majority of our domestic employees. For eligible employees who have met the plan’s age and service requirements to receive matching contributions, we historically have matched 100% of pretax and Roth elective deferrals up to a maximum of 5.0% of eligible compensation, subject to federal limits on plan contributions and not in excess of the maximum amount deductible for federal income tax purposes. Beginning in 2021, the amount matched by the Company will be discretionary and annually determined by management. Employees must be employed and eligible for the plan on the last day of the plan year to receive a matching contribution, subject to certain exceptions enumerated in the plan document. Matching contributions are subject to a five-year graduated vesting schedule and can be funded in cash or the common stock of the Company. We expensed (net of plan forfeitures) $29.9 million and $26.1 million related to the plan in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During 2024, our management authorized the 5.0% employer matching contribution on eligible compensation to the 401(k) plan for the 2024 plan year to be funded with our common stock, which was funded in February 2025. During 2023, our management authorized the 5.0% employer matching contribution on eligible compensation to the 401(k) plan for the 2023 plan year to be funded with our common stock, which was funded in February 2024.

14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The after-tax components of our accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to controlling interests consist of the following (in millions):

|  |  |  |  | Foreign |  |  | Fair Value of |  |  | Accumulated |
|  | Pension |  |  | Currency |  |  | Derivative |  |  | Comprehensive |
|  | Liability |  |  | Translation |  |  | Investments |  |  | Loss |
Balance as of December 31, 2024 |  | $ | (23.2 | ) |  | $ | (1,232.8 | ) |  | $ | 104.9 |  |  | $ | (1,151.1 | )
Net change in period |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | 217.3 |  |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | 217.1 |
Balance as of March 31, 2025 |  | $ | (23.3 | ) |  | $ | (1,015.5 | ) |  | $ | 104.8 |  |  | $ | (934.0 | )

The foreign currency translation during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 relates to the net impact of changes in the value of the local currencies relative to the U.S. dollar for our operations in Australia, Canada, the Caribbean, India, New Zealand, the U.K. and other non-U.S. locations. The reporting currency for our financial statements is the U.S. dollar. Certain of our assets, liabilities, expenses and revenues are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the Australian dollar, British pound, Canadian dollar and New Zealand dollar. To prepare our unaudited consolidated financial statements, we must translate those assets, liabilities, expenses and revenues into U.S. dollars at the applicable exchange rates. Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. dollar functional

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currency operations are translated into U.S. dollars at end-of-period exchange rates while revenues, expenses and cash flows are translated at average monthly exchange rates over the period. Equity is translated at historical exchange rates and the resulting cumulative translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated balance sheet. The net change in the foreign currency translation during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 primarily relates to goodwill (see Note 5 for the impact on goodwill) and amortizable intangible assets held by operations with a non-U.S. dollar functional currency.

During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, $1.7 million and $0.9 million of expense, respectively, related to the fair value of derivative investments, was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to the statement of earnings. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, no amounts related to foreign currency translation were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to the statement of earnings.

15. Segment Information

We have three reportable segments: brokerage, risk management and corporate.

The brokerage segment is primarily comprised of our retail and wholesale insurance and reinsurance brokerage operations. The brokerage segment (which comprises our retail property/casualty, wholesale, reinsurance, benefits and captive operations) generates revenues through commissions paid by underwriting enterprises and through fees charged to our clients. Our brokers, agents and administrators act as intermediaries between underwriting enterprises and our clients and we do not assume net underwriting risks.

The risk management segment provides contract claim settlement and administration services for commercial, nonprofit, captive and public sector entities, and various organizations that choose to self-insure some or all of their property/casualty coverages and for underwriting enterprises that choose to outsource some or all of their property/casualty claims departments. These operations also provide claims management, loss control consulting and insurance property appraisal services. Revenues are principally generated on a negotiated per-claim or per-service fee basis. Our risk management segment also provides risk management consulting services that are recognized as the services are delivered.

Revenues in the corporate segment consists of other income related to the run-off of clean energy and legacy investments. In addition, the corporate segment reports the financial information related to our debt, external acquisition-related expenses, other corporate costs and the impact of foreign currency remeasurements.

Allocations of interest income and certain expenses are based on reasonable assumptions and estimates primarily using revenue, headcount and other information. We allocate the provision for income taxes to the brokerage and risk management segments using the local country statutory rates. Reported operating results by segment would change if different methods were applied.

Our Chief Operating Decision Maker (which we refer to as CODM), who is our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer analyzes and evaluates the operating performance of the three reportable segments presented below. We have disclosed for each reportable segment the significant expense categories that are reviewed by the CODM and there are no additional significant expenses within the expense categories presented in the tables below. The key areas of focus by the CODM for allocation of resources are revenues from each reportable segment, as well as their compensation and operating expenses.

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Financial information relating to our segments for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 as follows

(in millions):

Three-Month Period Ended March 31, 2025 |  | Brokerage |  |  | Risk Management |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commissions |  | $ | 2,249.2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,249.2 |
Fees |  |  | 620.2 |  |  |  | 364.6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 984.8 |
Supplemental revenues |  |  | 113.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 113.9 |
Contingent revenues |  |  | 92.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 92.9 |
Interest income, premium finance revenues and other income |  |  | 238.4 |  |  |  | 8.8 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 247.6 |
Revenues before reimbursements |  |  | 3,314.6 |  |  |  | 373.4 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 3,688.4 |
Reimbursements |  |  | — |  |  |  | 39.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 39.0 |
Total revenues |  |  | 3,314.6 |  |  |  | 412.4 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 3,727.4 |
Compensation |  |  | 1,617.2 |  |  |  | 231.1 |  |  |  | 49.4 |  |  |  | 1,897.7 |
Operating |  |  | 346.4 |  |  |  | 70.8 |  |  |  | 73.2 |  |  |  | 490.4 |
Reimbursements |  |  | — |  |  |  | 39.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 39.0 |
Interest |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 158.4 |  |  |  | 158.4 |
Depreciation |  |  | 32.9 |  |  |  | 9.5 |  |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | 44.1 |
Amortization |  |  | 203.6 |  |  |  | 5.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 209.3 |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  |  | 15.4 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15.8 |
Total expenses |  |  | 2,215.5 |  |  |  | 356.5 |  |  |  | 282.7 |  |  |  | 2,854.7 |
Earnings (loss) before income taxes |  |  | 1,099.1 |  |  |  | 55.9 |  |  |  | (282.3 | ) |  |  | 872.7 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |  |  | 283.0 |  |  |  | 14.8 |  |  |  | (134.0 | ) |  |  | 163.8 |
Net earnings (loss) |  |  | 816.1 |  |  |  | 41.1 |  |  |  | (148.3 | ) |  |  | 708.9 |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.5 |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to controlling interests |  | $ | 811.6 |  |  | $ | 41.1 |  |  | $ | (148.3 | ) |  | $ | 704.4 |
Net foreign exchange gain |  | $ | 0.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23.9 |  |  | $ | 24.5 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 2,131.2 |  |  | $ | 331.8 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 2,463.4 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 675.5 |  |  |  | 21.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 696.8 |
Australia |  |  | 68.6 |  |  |  | 56.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 124.8 |
Canada |  |  | 99.0 |  |  |  | 1.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100.8 |
New Zealand |  |  | 39.8 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 39.9 |
Other foreign |  |  | 300.5 |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 301.7 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 3,314.6 |  |  | $ | 412.4 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 3,727.4 |
At March 31, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Identifiable assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 22,461.1 |  |  | $ | 1,129.9 |  |  | $ | 17,551.0 |  |  | $ | 41,142.0 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 20,826.5 |  |  |  | 427.4 |  |  |  | 9.9 |  |  |  | 21,263.8 |
Australia |  |  | 1,582.6 |  |  |  | 379.6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,962.2 |
Canada |  |  | 1,684.9 |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,689.4 |
New Zealand |  |  | 658.9 |  |  |  | 13.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 672.4 |
Other foreign |  |  | 7,213.8 |  |  |  | 27.5 |  |  |  | 124.6 |  |  |  | 7,365.9 |
Total identifiable assets |  | $ | 54,427.8 |  |  | $ | 1,982.4 |  |  | $ | 17,685.5 |  |  | $ | 74,095.7 |
Goodwill - net |  | $ | 12,277.0 |  |  | $ | 419.2 |  |  | $ | 18.5 |  |  | $ | 12,714.7 |
Amortizable intangible assets - net |  |  | 4,335.4 |  |  |  | 196.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,532.2 |

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Three-Month Period Ended March 31, 2024 |  | Brokerage |  |  | Risk Management |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commissions |  | $ | 1,993.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,993.6 |
Fees |  |  | 606.7 |  |  |  | 344.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 951.2 |
Supplemental revenues |  |  | 93.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 93.9 |
Contingent revenues |  |  | 86.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 86.0 |
Interest income, premium finance revenues and other income |  |  | 84.7 |  |  |  | 8.3 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 93.4 |
Revenues before reimbursements |  |  | 2,864.9 |  |  |  | 352.8 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 3,218.1 |
Reimbursements |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38.6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38.6 |
Total revenues |  |  | 2,864.9 |  |  |  | 391.4 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 3,256.7 |
Compensation |  |  | 1,476.8 |  |  |  | 213.9 |  |  |  | 35.2 |  |  |  | 1,725.9 |
Operating |  |  | 339.4 |  |  |  | 68.4 |  |  |  | 27.9 |  |  |  | 435.7 |
Reimbursements |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38.6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38.6 |
Interest |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 92.2 |  |  |  | 92.2 |
Depreciation |  |  | 32.8 |  |  |  | 10.9 |  |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | 45.4 |
Amortization |  |  | 156.0 |  |  |  | 6.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 162.3 |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  |  | (16.2 | ) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (16.1 | )
Total expenses |  |  | 1,988.8 |  |  |  | 338.2 |  |  |  | 157.0 |  |  |  | 2,484.0 |
Earnings (loss) before income taxes |  |  | 876.1 |  |  |  | 53.2 |  |  |  | (156.6 | ) |  |  | 772.7 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |  |  | 223.5 |  |  |  | 13.9 |  |  |  | (77.4 | ) |  |  | 160.0 |
Net earnings (loss) |  |  | 652.6 |  |  |  | 39.3 |  |  |  | (79.2 | ) |  |  | 612.7 |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 4.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.3 |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to controlling interests |  | $ | 648.3 |  |  | $ | 39.3 |  |  | $ | (79.2 | ) |  | $ | 608.4 |
Net foreign exchange loss |  | $ | (0.7 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.4 | ) |  | $ | (1.1 | )
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 1,814.0 |  |  | $ | 320.5 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 2,134.9 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 584.8 |  |  |  | 14.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 598.8 |
Australia |  |  | 68.0 |  |  |  | 53.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 121.0 |
Canada |  |  | 103.1 |  |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 104.8 |
New Zealand |  |  | 41.7 |  |  |  | 2.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43.9 |
Other foreign |  |  | 253.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 253.3 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 2,864.9 |  |  | $ | 391.4 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 3,256.7 |
At March 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Identifiable assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 23,482.4 |  |  | $ | 1,078.8 |  |  | $ | 2,826.8 |  |  | $ | 27,388.0 |
United Kingdom |  |  | 21,950.1 |  |  |  | 119.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22,070.0 |
Australia |  |  | 1,579.6 |  |  |  | 451.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,031.3 |
Canada |  |  | 1,730.1 |  |  |  | 4.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,734.4 |
New Zealand |  |  | 662.6 |  |  |  | 18.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 681.4 |
Other foreign |  |  | 6,966.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 104.0 |  |  |  | 7,070.8 |
Total identifiable assets |  | $ | 56,371.6 |  |  | $ | 1,673.5 |  |  | $ | 2,930.8 |  |  | $ | 60,975.9 |
Goodwill - net |  | $ | 11,281.0 |  |  | $ | 232.1 |  |  | $ | 19.0 |  |  | $ | 11,532.1 |
Amortizable intangible assets - net |  |  | 4,430.0 |  |  |  | 191.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,621.7 |

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The discussion and analysis that follows relates to our financial condition and results of operations for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025. Readers should review this information in conjunction with the March 31, 2025 unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes included in Item 1 of Part I of this quarterly report on Form 10‑Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contained in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2024.

Prior Year Discussion of Results and Comparisons

For Information on fiscal first quarter 2024 results and similar comparisons, see “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Form 10-Q for the fiscal three-month period ended March 31, 2024.

Information Regarding Non-GAAP Measures and Other

In the discussion and analysis of our results of operations that follows, in addition to reporting financial results in accordance with GAAP, we provide information regarding EBITDAC, EBITDAC margin, adjusted EBITDAC, adjusted EBITDAC margin, diluted net earnings per share, as adjusted (adjusted EPS), adjusted revenue, adjusted compensation and operating expenses, adjusted compensation expense ratio, adjusted operating expense ratio and organic revenue. These measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative to, the GAAP information provided in this quarterly report on Form 10‑Q. We believe that these presentations provide useful information to management, analysts and investors regarding financial and business trends relating to our results of operations and financial condition or because they provide investors with measures that our chief operating decision makers use when reviewing the Company’s performance. See further below for definitions and additional reasons each of these measures is useful to investors. Our industry peers may provide similar supplemental non-GAAP information with respect to one or more of these measures, although they may not use the same or comparable terminology and may not make identical adjustments. The non-GAAP information we provide should be used in addition to, but not as a substitute for, the GAAP information provided. As disclosed in our most recent Proxy Statement, we make determinations regarding certain elements of executive officer incentive compensation, performance share awards and annual cash incentive awards, partly on the basis of measures related to adjusted EBITDAC.

Adjusted Non-GAAP presentation - We believe that the adjusted non-GAAP presentation of the current and prior period information presented on the following pages provides stockholders and other interested persons with useful information regarding certain financial metrics that may assist such persons in analyzing our operating results as they develop a future earnings outlook for us. The after-tax amounts related to the adjustments were computed using the normalized effective tax rate for each respective period.

•
Adjusted measures - We define these measures as revenues (for the brokerage segment), revenues before reimbursements (for the risk management segment), net earnings, compensation expense and operating expense, respectively, each adjusted to exclude the following, as applicable:
•
Net (gains) losses on divestitures, which are primarily net proceeds received related to sales of books of business and other divestiture transactions, such as the disposal of a business through sale or closure.
•
Acquisition integration costs, which include costs related to certain large acquisitions (including the acquisitions of Willis Re, Buck, Cadence Insurance, Eastern Insurance and My Plan Manager), outside the scope of our usual tuck‑in strategy, not expected to occur on an ongoing basis in the future once we fully assimilate the applicable acquisition. These costs are typically associated with redundant workforce, compensation expense related to amortization of certain retention bonus arrangements, extra lease space, duplicate services and external costs incurred to assimilate the acquisition into our IT related systems.
•
Transaction-related costs, which are associated with completed, future and terminated acquisitions. Costs primarily relate to the acquisitions of Willis Re, Buck, Cadence Insurance, Eastern Insurance and Woodruff Sawyer, which closed on April 10, 2025, and the pending acquisition of AssuredPartners. These include costs related to regulatory filings, legal and accounting services, insurance and incentive compensation.
•
Workforce related charges, which primarily include severance costs (either accrued or paid) related to employee terminations and other costs associated with redundant workforce.
•
Lease termination related charges, which primarily include costs related to terminations of real estate leases and abandonment of leased space.
•
Acquisition related adjustments principally relate to changes in estimated acquisition earnout payables adjustments and acquisition related compensation charges. In addition, from time to time may include changes in balance sheet estimates arising from conforming accounting principles, purchase-related true-ups and other balance sheet adjustments made after the closing date; the net impact on the results for first quarter 2024 was approximately

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$26 million of revenues and approximately $28 million of compensation expense.
•
Amortization of intangible assets, which reflects the amortization of customer/expiration lists, non-compete agreements, trade names and other intangible assets acquired through our merger and acquisition strategy, the impact to amortization expense of acquisition valuation adjustments to these assets as well as non-cash impairment charges.
•
The impact of foreign currency translation, as applicable. The amounts excluded with respect to foreign currency translation are calculated by applying current year foreign exchange rates to the same period in the prior year.
•
Effective income tax rate impact, which levelizes the prior year for the change in current year tax rates.
•
Adjusted ratios - Adjusted compensation expense and adjusted operating expense, respectively, each divided by adjusted revenues.

Non-GAAP Earnings Measures

We believe that the presentation of EBITDAC, EBITDAC margin, adjusted EBITDAC, adjusted EBITDAC margin, adjusted EPS and adjusted net earnings for the brokerage and risk management segments, each as defined below, provides a meaningful representation of our operating performance. Adjusted EPS is a performance measure and should not be used as a measure of our liquidity. We also consider EBITDAC and EBITDAC margin as ways to measure financial performance on an ongoing basis. In addition, adjusted EBITDAC, adjusted EBITDAC margin and adjusted EPS for the brokerage and risk management segments are presented to improve the comparability of our results between periods by eliminating the impact of the items that have a high degree of variability.

•
EBITDAC and EBITDAC Margin - EBITDAC is net earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization and the change in estimated acquisition earnout payables and EBITDAC margin is EBITDAC divided by total revenues (for the brokerage segment) and revenues before reimbursements (for the risk management segment). These measures for the brokerage and risk management segments provide a meaningful representation of our operating performance for the overall business and provide a meaningful way to measure its financial performance on an ongoing basis.
•
EBITDAC, as adjusted and EBITDAC Margin, as adjusted - Adjusted EBITDAC is EBITDAC adjusted to exclude net gains on divestitures, acquisition integration costs, workforce related charges, lease termination related charges, acquisition related adjustments, transaction related costs, and the period-over-period impact of foreign currency translation as applicable, and Adjusted EBITDAC margin is Adjusted EBITDAC divided by total adjusted revenues (defined above). These measures for the brokerage and risk management segments provide a meaningful representation of our operating performance, and are also presented to improve the comparability of our results between periods by eliminating the impact of the items that have a high degree of variability.
•
EPS, as adjusted and Net Earnings, as adjusted - Adjusted net earnings have been adjusted to exclude the after-tax impact of net gains on divestitures, acquisition integration costs, the impact of foreign currency translation, workforce related charges, lease termination related charges, acquisition related adjustments, transaction related costs, amortization of intangible assets, and effective income tax rate impact, as applicable. Adjusted EPS is Adjusted Net Earnings divided by diluted weighted average shares outstanding. This measure provides a meaningful representation of our operating performance (and as such should not be used as a measure of our liquidity), and for the overall business is also presented to improve the comparability of our results between periods by eliminating the impact of the items that have a high degree of variability.

Organic Revenues (a non-GAAP measure) - For the brokerage segment, organic change in base commission and fee revenues, supplemental revenues and contingent revenues exclude the first twelve months of such revenues generated from acquisitions and such revenues related to divested operations, which include disposals of a business through sale or closure, run-off of a business and the restructuring and/or repricing of programs and products in each year presented. These revenues are excluded from organic revenues in order to help interested persons analyze the revenue growth associated with the operations that were a part of our business in both the current and prior period. In addition, organic change in base commission and fee revenues, supplemental revenues and contingent revenues excludes the period‑over‑period impact of foreign currency translation to improve the comparability of our results between periods. For the risk management segment, organic change in fee revenues excludes the first twelve months of such revenues generated from acquisitions and such revenues related to divested operations in each year presented. In addition, change in organic growth in fee revenues excludes the period-over-period impact of foreign currency translation to improve the comparability of our results between periods.

These revenue items are excluded from organic revenues in order to determine a comparable, but non-GAAP, measurement of revenue growth that is associated with the revenue sources that are expected to continue in the current year and beyond, as well as eliminating the impact of the items that have a high degree of variability. We have historically viewed organic revenue growth as an important

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indicator when assessing and evaluating the performance of our brokerage and risk management segments. We also believe that using this non‑GAAP measure allows readers of our financial statements to measure, analyze and compare the growth from our brokerage and risk management segments in a meaningful and consistent manner.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Information Presented to GAAP Measures - This quarterly report on Form 10‑Q includes tabular reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP measures, as follows: for EBITDAC (on pages 42 and 49), for adjusted revenues, adjusted EBITDAC and adjusted diluted net earnings per share (on page 38), for organic revenue measures (on pages 43 and 49), respectively, for the brokerage and risk management segments, for adjusted compensation and operating expenses and adjusted EBITDAC margin, (on page 45) for the brokerage segment and (on pages 50 and 51) for the risk management segment.

Other Informa tion - Allocations of investment income and certain expenses are based on reasonable assumptions and estimates primarily using revenue, headcount and other information. We allocate the provision for income taxes to the brokerage and risk management segments using local statutory rates. We anticipate reporting an effective tax rate of approximately 24.5% to 26.5% in the brokerage segment and 25.0% to 27.0% in the risk management segment for the foreseeable future. Reported operating results by segment would change if different allocation methods were applied.

In the discussion that follows regarding our results of operations, we also provide the following ratios with respect to our operating results: pretax profit margin, compensation expense ratio and operating expense ratio. Pretax profit margin represents pretax earnings divided by total revenues. The compensation expense ratio is compensation expense divided by total revenues. The operating expense ratio is operating expense divided by total revenues.

Overview and First Quarter 2025 Highlights

We are engaged in providing insurance brokerage, reinsurance brokerage, consulting services, and third-party property/casualty claims settlement and administration services to entities and individuals around the world. In the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, we generated approximately 66% of our revenues for the combined brokerage and risk management segments domestically and 34% internationally, primarily in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the U.K. We have three reportable segments: brokerage, risk management and corporate. The brokerage and risk management segments contributed approximately 89% and 11%, respectively, to revenues during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025. The corporate segment did not generate any significant revenues in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025. Our major sources of operating revenues are commissions, fees and supplemental and contingent revenues from brokerage operations and fees from risk management operations. Interest income is earned on cash, cash equivalents and fiduciary cash and revenues are generated from premium financing.

We use the Council of Insurance Agents and Brokers (which we refer to as CIAB) insurance pricing quarterly survey as an indicator of the insurance rate environment. The CIAB represents the leading domestic and international insurance brokers, who write approximately 85% of the commercial property/casualty premiums in the U.S. The first quarter 2025 survey had not been published as of the filing date of this report. The fourth quarter 2024 survey indicated that commercial property/casualty rates increased by 5.4% on average and we expect a similar trend to be noted when the CIAB's first quarter 2025 survey report is issued, which would indicate overall continued price firming and hardening in most lines of business.

We believe increases in property/casualty rates will continue for the remainder of 2025 due to rising loss costs, increased frequency of natural catastrophe and weather related losses, prior year reserve volatility and social inflation. We estimate global insured natural catastrophe losses were approximately $56 billion during first quarter 2025, including approximately $40 billion of insured losses due to the California wildfires. Further global natural catastrophe loss activity from severe convective storms, hurricanes and earthquakes during the remainder of 2025 may cause insurance and/or reinsurance carriers to increase property pricing upon renewal. Additionally, if loss trends deteriorate over the coming quarters, or if profitability concerns on casualty lines increase, it could lead to a more difficult rate and conditions environment in certain lines. The combination of increasing insurable values, a tight labor market and low unemployment is likely contributing to increases in client insured exposures and we have yet to see any meaningful changes in our customers’ business activity from the prospect of tariffs. Additionally, we expect that our history of strong new business generation, solid retentions and enhanced value‑added services for our carrier partners should result in further organic growth opportunities around the world. Overall, we believe that in a positive rate environment with increasing exposures, our professionals can demonstrate their expertise and high‑quality, value-added capabilities by strengthening our clients’ insurance portfolios and delivering insurance and risk management solutions within our clients’ budgets. Based on our experience, insurance and reinsurance carriers appear to be making rational pricing decisions and are providing adequate capacity in the market for nearly all lines of coverage.

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Summary of Financial Results - Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

See the reconciliations of non-GAAP measures on page 39.

(In millions, except per share data) |  | 1st Quarter 2025 |  |  | 1st Quarter 2024 |  |  | Change |
|  | Reported |  |  | Adjusted |  |  | Reported |  |  | Adjusted |  |  | Reported |  |  | Adjusted |
|  | GAAP |  |  | Non-GAAP |  |  | GAAP |  |  | Non-GAAP |  |  | GAAP |  |  | Non-GAAP |
Brokerage Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues |  | $ | 3,314.6 |  |  | $ | 3,308.2 |  |  | $ | 2,864.9 |  |  | $ | 2,820.6 |  |  |  | 16 | % |  |  | 17 | %
Organic revenues |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,984.2 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,725.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9.5 | %
Net earnings |  | $ | 816.1 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 652.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25 | % |  |  |
Net earnings margin |  |  | 24.6 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 22.8 | % |  |  |  |  | + 184 bpts |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDAC |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,436.6 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,123.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28 | %
Adjusted EBITDAC margin |  |  |  |  |  | 43.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 39.8 | % |  |  |  |  | + 359 bpts |
Diluted net earnings per share |  | $ | 3.13 |  |  | $ | 3.97 |  |  | $ | 2.92 |  |  | $ | 3.59 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 11 | %
Risk Management Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues before reimbursements |  | $ | 373.4 |  |  | $ | 373.2 |  |  | $ | 352.8 |  |  | $ | 351.5 |  |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 6 | %
Organic revenues |  |  |  |  | $ | 354.3 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 341.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.9 | %
Net earnings |  | $ | 41.1 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 39.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 | % |  |  |
Net earnings margin (before reimbursements) |  |  | 11.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 11.1 | % |  |  |  |  | - 13 bpts |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDAC |  |  |  |  | $ | 76.5 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 72.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 | %
Adjusted EBITDAC margin (before reimbursements) |  |  |  |  |  | 20.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 20.7 | % |  |  |  |  | - 18 bpts |
Diluted net earnings per share |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |  |  |  | (11 | )% |  |  | (5 | )%
Corporate Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted net loss per share |  | $ | (0.57 | ) |  | $ | (0.49 | ) |  | $ | (0.36 | ) |  | $ | (0.34 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Company |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted net earnings per share |  | $ | 2.72 |  |  | $ | 3.67 |  |  | $ | 2.74 |  |  | $ | 3.45 |  |  |  | (1 | )% |  |  | 6 | %
Total Brokerage and Risk Management Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted net earnings per share |  | $ | 3.29 |  |  | $ | 4.16 |  |  | $ | 3.10 |  |  | $ | 3.79 |  |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 10 | %

The following provides information that management believes is helpful when comparing revenues before reimbursements, net earnings, EBITDAC and diluted net earnings per share for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 with the same period in 2024. In addition, these tables provide reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP measures for adjusted revenues, adjusted EBITDAC and adjusted diluted net earnings per share. Reconciliations of EBITDAC for the brokerage and risk management segments are provided on pages 42 and 49, respectively, of this filing.

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For the Three-Month Periods Ended Reported GAAP to Adjuste d Non-GAAP Reconciliation:

|  | Revenues Before |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Diluted Net Earnings |
|  | Reimbursements |  |  | Net Earnings (Loss) |  |  | EBITDAC |  |  | (Loss) Per Share |
Segment |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Chg |
|  | (in millions) |  |  | (in millions) |  |  | (in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brokerage, as reported |  | $ | 3,314.6 |  |  | $ | 2,864.9 |  |  | $ | 816.1 |  |  | $ | 652.6 |  |  | $ | 1,351.0 |  |  | $ | 1,048.7 |  |  | $ | 3.13 |  |  | $ | 2.92 |  |  |  | 7 | %
Net (gains) on divestitures |  |  | (6.4 | ) |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  |  | (4.8 | ) |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | (6.4 | ) |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  |  | (0.02 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Acquisition integration |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32.9 |  |  |  | 36.4 |  |  |  | 44.0 |  |  |  | 48.7 |  |  |  | 0.13 |  |  |  | 0.16 |  |  |  |
Workforce and lease termination |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13.4 |  |  |  | 8.7 |  |  |  | 17.9 |  |  |  | 11.6 |  |  |  | 0.05 |  |  |  | 0.04 |  |  |  |
Acquisition related adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | (26.0 | ) |  |  | 24.6 |  |  |  | (8.3 | ) |  |  | 30.1 |  |  |  | 23.8 |  |  |  | 0.09 |  |  |  | (0.02 | ) |  |  |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 152.2 |  |  |  | 116.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.59 |  |  |  | 0.53 |  |  |  |
Effective income tax rate impact |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2.6 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | (17.8 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6.3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8.5 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.03 | ) |  |  |
Brokerage, as adjusted * |  |  | 3,308.2 |  |  |  | 2,820.6 |  |  |  | 1,034.4 |  |  |  | 796.8 |  |  |  | 1,436.6 |  |  |  | 1,123.8 |  |  |  | 3.97 |  |  |  | 3.59 |  |  |  | 11 | %
Risk Management, as reported |  |  | 373.4 |  |  |  | 352.8 |  |  |  | 41.1 |  |  |  | 39.3 |  |  |  | 71.5 |  |  |  | 70.5 |  |  |  | 0.16 |  |  |  | 0.18 |  |  |  | (11 | )%
Net (gains) losses on divestitures |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Acquisition integration |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | 1.6 |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Workforce and lease termination |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  | 3.2 |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Acquisition related adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.2 |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1.5 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Risk Management, as adjusted * |  |  | 373.2 |  |  |  | 351.5 |  |  |  | 48.9 |  |  |  | 45.5 |  |  |  | 76.5 |  |  |  | 72.7 |  |  |  | 0.19 |  |  |  | 0.20 |  |  |  | (5 | )%
Corporate, as reported |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | (148.3 | ) |  |  | (79.2 | ) |  |  | (122.2 | ) |  |  | (62.7 | ) |  |  | (0.57 | ) |  |  | (0.36 | ) |  |  |
Transaction-related costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20.0 |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | 23.1 |  |  |  | 3.2 |  |  |  | 0.08 |  |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  |
Corporate, as adjusted* |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | (128.3 | ) |  |  | (76.5 | ) |  |  | (99.1 | ) |  |  | (59.5 | ) |  |  | (0.49 | ) |  |  | (0.34 | ) |  |  |
Total Company, as reported |  | $ | 3,688.4 |  |  | $ | 3,218.1 |  |  | $ | 708.9 |  |  | $ | 612.7 |  |  | $ | 1,300.3 |  |  | $ | 1,056.5 |  |  | $ | 2.72 |  |  | $ | 2.74 |  |  |  | (1 | )%
Total Company, as adjusted * |  | $ | 3,681.8 |  |  | $ | 3,172.5 |  |  | $ | 955.0 |  |  | $ | 765.8 |  |  | $ | 1,414.0 |  |  | $ | 1,137.0 |  |  | $ | 3.67 |  |  | $ | 3.45 |  |  |  | 6 | %
Total Brokerage & Risk |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management, as reported |  | $ | 3,688.0 |  |  | $ | 3,217.7 |  |  | $ | 857.2 |  |  | $ | 691.9 |  |  | $ | 1,422.5 |  |  | $ | 1,119.2 |  |  | $ | 3.29 |  |  | $ | 3.10 |  |  |  | 6 | %
Total Brokerage & Risk |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Management, as adjusted * |  | $ | 3,681.4 |  |  | $ | 3,172.1 |  |  | $ | 1,083.3 |  |  | $ | 842.3 |  |  | $ | 1,513.1 |  |  | $ | 1,196.5 |  |  | $ | 4.16 |  |  | $ | 3.79 |  |  |  | 10 | %

*For the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, the pretax impact of the brokerage segment adjustments totals $292.0 million, mostly due to non-cash period expenses related to intangible amortization, with a corresponding adjustment to the provision for income taxes of $73.7 million relating to these items. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, the pretax impact of the risk management segment adjustments totals $10.7 million, with a corresponding adjustment to the provision for income taxes of $2.9 million relating to these items. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, the pretax impact of the corporate segment adjustments totals $23.1 million, with a corresponding adjustment to the benefit for income taxes of $3.1 million. A detailed reconciliation of the 2025 provision (benefit) for income taxes is shown on page 39.

*For the three-month period ended March 31, 2024, the pretax impact of the brokerage segment adjustments totals $196.4 million, with a corresponding adjustment to the provision for income taxes of $52.2 million relating to these items. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2024, the pretax impact of the risk management segment adjustments totals $8.6 million, with a corresponding adjustment to the provision for income taxes of $2.4 million relating to these items. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2024, the pretax impact of the corporate segment adjustments totals $3.2 million, with a corresponding adjustment to the benefit for income taxes of $0.5 million. A detailed reconciliation of the 2024 provision (benefit) for income taxes is shown on page 39.

- 38 -

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures - Pr etax Earnings and Diluted Net Earnings per Share

(In millions, except share and per share data) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Earnings |  |  | Provision |  |  |  |  |  | Net Earnings (Loss) |  |  | Net Earnings (Loss) |  |  |  |
|  | (Loss) |  |  | (Benefit) |  |  |  |  |  | Attributable to |  |  | Attributable to |  |  | Diluted Net |
|  | Before Income |  |  | for Income |  |  | Net Earnings |  |  | Noncontrolling |  |  | Controlling |  |  | Earnings (Loss) |
|  | Taxes |  |  | Taxes |  |  | (Loss) |  |  | Interests |  |  | Interests |  |  | per Share |
Quarter Ended March 31, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brokerage, as reported |  | $ | 1,099.1 |  |  | $ | 283.0 |  |  | $ | 816.1 |  |  | $ | 4.5 |  |  | $ | 811.6 |  |  | $ | 3.13 |
Net (gains) on divestitures |  |  | (6.4 | ) |  |  | (1.6 | ) |  |  | (4.8 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4.8 | ) |  |  | (0.02 | )
Acquisition integration |  |  | 44.0 |  |  |  | 11.1 |  |  |  | 32.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32.9 |  |  |  | 0.13 |
Workforce and lease termination |  |  | 17.9 |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | 13.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13.4 |  |  |  | 0.05 |
Acquisition related adjustments |  |  | 32.9 |  |  |  | 8.3 |  |  |  | 24.6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24.6 |  |  |  | 0.09 |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 203.6 |  |  |  | 51.4 |  |  |  | 152.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 152.2 |  |  |  | 0.59 |
Brokerage, as adjusted |  | $ | 1,391.1 |  |  | $ | 356.7 |  |  | $ | 1,034.4 |  |  | $ | 4.5 |  |  | $ | 1,029.9 |  |  | $ | 3.97 |
Risk Management, as reported |  | $ | 55.9 |  |  | $ | 14.8 |  |  | $ | 41.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 41.1 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |
Net (gains) on divestitures |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | — |
Acquisition integration |  |  | 1.6 |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | — |
Workforce and lease termination |  |  | 3.2 |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  | 0.01 |
Acquisition related adjustments |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | — |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 5.7 |  |  |  | 1.5 |  |  |  | 4.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.2 |  |  |  | 0.02 |
Risk Management, as adjusted |  | $ | 66.6 |  |  | $ | 17.7 |  |  | $ | 48.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 48.9 |  |  | $ | 0.19 |
Corporate, as reported |  | $ | (282.3 | ) |  | $ | (134.0 | ) |  | $ | (148.3 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (148.3 | ) |  | $ | (0.57 | )
Transaction-related costs |  |  | 23.1 |  |  |  | 3.1 |  |  |  | 20.0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20.0 |  |  |  | 0.08 |
Corporate, as adjusted |  | $ | (259.2 | ) |  | $ | (130.9 | ) |  | $ | (128.3 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (128.3 | ) |  | $ | (0.49 | )
Quarter Ended March 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brokerage, as reported |  | $ | 876.1 |  |  | $ | 223.5 |  |  | $ | 652.6 |  |  | $ | 4.3 |  |  | $ | 648.3 |  |  | $ | 2.92 |
Net (gains) on divestitures |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | — |
Acquisition integration |  |  | 48.7 |  |  |  | 12.3 |  |  |  | 36.4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 36.4 |  |  |  | 0.16 |
Workforce and lease termination |  |  | 11.6 |  |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | 8.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8.7 |  |  |  | 0.04 |
Acquisition related adjustments |  |  | (11.1 | ) |  |  | (2.8 | ) |  |  | (8.3 | ) |  |  | (3.0 | ) |  |  | (5.3 | ) |  |  | (0.02 | )
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 156.0 |  |  |  | 39.3 |  |  |  | 116.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 116.7 |  |  |  | 0.53 |
Effective income tax rate impact |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.6 |  |  |  | (2.6 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2.6 | ) |  |  | (0.01 | )
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | (8.3 | ) |  |  | (2.0 | ) |  |  | (6.3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6.3 | ) |  |  | (0.03 | )
Brokerage, as adjusted |  | $ | 1,072.5 |  |  | $ | 275.7 |  |  | $ | 796.8 |  |  | $ | 1.3 |  |  | $ | 795.5 |  |  | $ | 3.59 |
Risk Management, as reported |  | $ | 53.2 |  |  | $ | 13.9 |  |  | $ | 39.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 39.3 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |
Net losses on divestitures |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |
Acquisition integration |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | — |
Workforce and lease termination |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  | — |
Acquisition related adjustments |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 6.3 |  |  |  | 1.8 |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | 0.02 |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |
Risk Management, as adjusted |  | $ | 61.8 |  |  | $ | 16.3 |  |  | $ | 45.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45.5 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |
Corporate, as reported |  | $ | (156.6 | ) |  | $ | (77.4 | ) |  | $ | (79.2 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (79.2 | ) |  | $ | (0.36 | )
Transaction-related costs |  |  | 3.2 |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2.7 |  |  |  | 0.02 |
Corporate, as adjusted |  | $ | (153.4 | ) |  | $ | (76.9 | ) |  | $ | (76.5 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (76.5 | ) |  | $ | (0.34 | )

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Acquisition of AssuredPartners and Woodruff Sawyer

As previously disclosed, on December 7, 2024, we signed a definitive agreement to acquire all of the issued and outstanding stock of Dolphin Topco, Inc., the holding company of AssuredPartners, Inc., a Delaware corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “AssuredPartners”) for gross consideration of $13.45 billion. The transaction is subject to customary regulatory approvals, On March 7, 2025, we received a request for additional information as part of the Hart-Scott-Rodino filing. We are actively responding to the request and expect that the transaction will close in the second half of 2025. AssuredPartners is a leading U.S. insurance broker with client capabilities across commercial property/casualty, specialty, employee benefits and personal lines with operations in the U.K. and Ireland. We raised $8.5 billion of cash in our December 11, 2024 follow-on common stock offering and borrowed $5.0 billion of cash in our December 19, 2024 senior notes issuance (which we refer to, together with the follow-on common stock offering, as the AssuredPartners Financing) to fund the transaction. On January 7, 2025, we received an additional $1.28 billion of cash due to the exercise by the underwriters of the overallotment provision related to the follow-on common stock offering.

On March 4, 2025, we signed a definitive agreement to acquire all of the issued and outstanding stock of Woodruff-Sawyer & Co. (which we refer to as Woodruff Sawyer) for consideration of $1.2 billion. The acquisition closed on April 10, 2025. We funded the transaction using cash on hand. Woodruff Sawyer provides a full suite of commercial property/casualty products, employee benefits solutions and risk management services with a focus on middle and large market clients. Woodruff Sawyer has over 600 employees serving through 14 U.S. offices and one U.K. office.

Results of Operations

Brokerage

The brokerage segment accounted for 89% of our revenues during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025. Our brokerage segment is primarily comprised of retail, wholesale and reinsurance brokerage operations. Our brokerage segment generates revenues by:

(i)
Identifying, negotiating and placing all forms of insurance coverage, as well as providing data analytics, risk-shifting, risk-sharing and risk-mitigation consulting services, principally related to property/casualty, life, health, welfare and disability insurance. We also provide these services through, or in conjunction with, other unrelated agents and brokers, consultants and management advisors;
(ii)
Identifying, negotiating and placing all forms of reinsurance coverage, as well as providing capital markets services, including acting as underwriter, with respect to insurance linked securities, weather derivatives, capital raising and selected merger and acquisition advisory activities;
(iii)
Acting as an agent or broker for multiple underwriting enterprises by providing services such as sales, marketing, selecting, negotiating, underwriting, servicing and placing insurance coverage on their behalf;
(iv)
Providing consulting services related to health and welfare benefits, voluntary benefits, executive benefits, compensation, retirement planning, institutional investment and fiduciary, actuarial, compliance, private insurance exchange, human resources technology, communications and benefits administration; and
(v)
Providing management and administrative services to captives, pools, risk-retention groups, healthcare exchanges, small underwriting enterprises, such as accounting, claims and loss processing assistance, feasibility studies, actuarial studies, data analytics and other administrative services.

The primary source of revenues for our brokerage services is commissions from underwriting enterprises, based on a percentage of premiums paid by our clients, or fees received from clients based on an agreed level of service usually in lieu of commissions. Commissions are fixed at the contract effective date and generally are based on a percentage of premiums for insurance coverage or employee headcount for employer sponsored benefit plans. Commissions depend upon a large number of factors, including the type of risk being placed, the particular underwriting enterprise’s demand, the expected loss experience of the particular risk of coverage, and historical benchmarks surrounding the level of effort necessary for us to place and service the insurance contract. Rather than being tied to the amount of premiums, fees are most often based on an expected level of effort to provide our services. In addition, under certain circumstances, both retail brokerage and wholesale brokerage services receive supplemental and contingent revenues. Supplemental revenue is revenue paid by an underwriting enterprise that is above the base commission paid, is determined by the underwriting enterprise and is established annually in advance of the contractual period based on historical performance criteria. Contingent revenue is revenue paid by an underwriting enterprise based on the overall profit and/or volume of the business placed with that underwriting enterprise during a particular calendar year and is determined after the contractual period.

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Litigation, Regulatory and Taxation Matters

As previously disclosed, our IRC 831(b) (or “micro-captive”) advisory services business has been under a promoter investigation by the IRS since 2013. Among other matters, the IRS is investigating whether we have been acting as a tax shelter promoter in connection with these operations. Additionally, the IRS is conducting a criminal investigation related to IRC 831(b) micro-captive underwriting enterprises. We have been advised that we are not a target of the criminal investigation. We are fully cooperating with both matters.

Financial information relating to our brokerage segment results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, is as follows (in millions, except per share, percentages and workforce data):

| Three-month period ended March 31, |
Statement of Earnings | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change |
Commissions | $ | 2,249.2 |  |  | $ | 1,993.6 |  |  | $ | 255.6 |
Fees |  | 620.2 |  |  |  | 606.7 |  |  |  | 13.5 |
Supplemental revenues |  | 113.9 |  |  |  | 93.9 |  |  |  | 20.0 |
Contingent revenues |  | 92.9 |  |  |  | 86.0 |  |  |  | 6.9 |
Interest income, premium finance revenues and other income |  | 238.4 |  |  |  | 84.7 |  |  |  | 153.7 |
Total revenues |  | 3,314.6 |  |  |  | 2,864.9 |  |  |  | 449.7 |
Compensation |  | 1,617.2 |  |  |  | 1,476.8 |  |  |  | 140.4 |
Operating |  | 346.4 |  |  |  | 339.4 |  |  |  | 7.0 |
Depreciation |  | 32.9 |  |  |  | 32.8 |  |  |  | 0.1 |
Amortization |  | 203.6 |  |  |  | 156.0 |  |  |  | 47.6 |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  | 15.4 |  |  |  | (16.2 | ) |  |  | 31.6 |
Total expenses |  | 2,215.5 |  |  |  | 1,988.8 |  |  |  | 226.7 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | 1,099.1 |  |  |  | 876.1 |  |  |  | 223.0 |
Provision for income taxes |  | 283.0 |  |  |  | 223.5 |  |  |  | 59.5 |
Net earnings |  | 816.1 |  |  |  | 652.6 |  |  |  | 163.5 |
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | 4.3 |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests | $ | 811.6 |  |  | $ | 648.3 |  |  | $ | 163.3 |
Diluted net earnings per share | $ | 3.13 |  |  | $ | 2.92 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |
Other Information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in diluted net earnings per share |  | 7 | % |  |  | 23 | % |  |  |
Growth in revenues |  | 16 | % |  |  | 21 | % |  |  |
Organic change in commissions and fees |  | 9 | % |  |  | 9 | % |  |  |
Compensation expense ratio |  | 49 | % |  |  | 52 | % |  |  |
Operating expense ratio |  | 10 | % |  |  | 12 | % |  |  |
Effective income tax rate |  | 26 | % |  |  | 26 | % |  |  |
Workforce at end of period (includes acquisitions) |  | 43,120 |  |  |  | 39,989 |  |  |  |
Identifiable assets at March 31 | $ | 54,427.8 |  |  | $ | 56,371.6 |  |  |  |
EBITDAC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings | $ | 816.1 |  |  | $ | 652.6 |  |  | $ | 163.5 |
Provision for income taxes |  | 283.0 |  |  |  | 223.5 |  |  |  | 59.5 |
Depreciation |  | 32.9 |  |  |  | 32.8 |  |  |  | 0.1 |
Amortization |  | 203.6 |  |  |  | 156.0 |  |  |  | 47.6 |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  | 15.4 |  |  |  | (16.2 | ) |  |  | 31.6 |
EBITDAC | $ | 1,351.0 |  |  | $ | 1,048.7 |  |  | $ | 302.3 |

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The following provides information that management believes is helpful when comparing EBITDAC and adjusted EBITDAC for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the sa me period in 2024 (in millions):

|  | Three-month period ended March 31,
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change
Net earnings, as reported |  | $ | 816.1 |  |  | $ | 652.6 |  |  | 25%
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 283.0 |  |  |  | 223.5 |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | 32.9 |  |  |  | 32.8 |  |  |
Amortization |  |  | 203.6 |  |  |  | 156.0 |  |  |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  |  | 15.4 |  |  |  | (16.2 | ) |  |
EBITDAC |  |  | 1,351.0 |  |  |  | 1,048.7 |  |  | 29%
Net (gains) on divestitures |  |  | (6.4 | ) |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  |
Acquisition integration |  |  | 44.0 |  |  |  | 48.7 |  |  |
Workforce and lease termination related charges |  |  | 17.9 |  |  |  | 11.6 |  |  |
Acquisition related adjustments |  |  | 30.1 |  |  |  | 23.8 |  |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8.5 | ) |  |
EBITDAC, as adjusted |  | $ | 1,436.6 |  |  | $ | 1,123.8 |  |  | 28%
Net earnings margin, as reported |  |  | 24.6 | % |  |  | 22.8 | % |  | + 184 bpts
EBITDAC margin, as adjusted | * |  | 43.4 | % |  |  | 39.8 | % |  | + 359 bpts
Reported revenues |  | $ | 3,314.6 |  |  | $ | 2,864.9 |  |  |

* First quarter 2025 adjusted EBITDAC margin would be 40.9% excluding approximately $143.0 million of interest income revenues earned on the proceeds received in December 2024 related to the AssuredPartners Financing.

Commissions and fees - The aggregate increase in base commissions and fees for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was due to revenues associated with acquisitions that were made in the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2025 ($90.6 million), and to the organic change in base commissions and fee revenues. The organic change in base commissions and fee revenues were 9.1% and 8.8% for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

In our property/casualty brokerage operations, during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 we saw continued strong customer retention, higher new business generation and increasing renewal premiums (premium rates and exposures). We believe these favorable trends should continue for the remainder of 2025; however, if economic conditions worsen or premium rate increases slow, we could see our revenue growth soften.

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Items excluded from organic revenue computations yet impacting revenue comparisons for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 include the follow ing (in millions):

| Three-Month Period Ended March 31,
Organic Revenues (Non-GAAP) | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change
Base Commissions and Fees |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commission and fees, as reported | $ | 2,869.4 |  |  | $ | 2,600.3 |  |  | 10.3%
Less commission and fee revenues from acquisitions |  | (90.6 | ) |  |  | (26.0 | ) |  |
Less divested operations |  | — |  |  |  | (11.5 | ) |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  |  | (16.7 | ) |  |
Organic base commission and fees | $ | 2,778.8 |  |  | $ | 2,546.1 |  |  | 9.1%
Supplemental revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Supplemental revenues, as reported | $ | 113.9 |  |  | $ | 93.9 |  |  | 21.3%
Less supplemental revenues from acquisitions |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  |
Organic supplemental revenues | $ | 113.8 |  |  | $ | 93.6 |  |  | 21.6%
Contingent revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent revenues, as reported | $ | 92.9 |  |  | $ | 86.0 |  |  | 8.0%
Less contingent revenues from acquisitions |  | (1.3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |
Organic contingent revenues | $ | 91.6 |  |  | $ | 85.6 |  |  | 7.0%
Total reported commissions, fees, supplemental revenues and contingent revenues | $ | 3,076.2 |  |  | $ | 2,780.2 |  |  | 10.6%
Less commissions, fees, supplemental revenues and contingent revenues from acquisitions |  | (92.0 | ) |  |  | (26.0 | ) |  |
Less divested operations |  | — |  |  |  | (11.5 | ) |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  |  | (17.4 | ) |  |
Total organic commissions, fees, supplemental revenues and contingent revenues | $ | 2,984.2 |  |  | $ | 2,725.3 |  |  | 9.5%

The following is a summary of brokerage segment acquisition activity for 2025 and 2024:

| Three-month period ended March 31, |
| 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Number of acquisitions closed |  | 10 |  |  |  | 12 |
Estimated annualized revenues acquired (in millions) | $ | 62.7 |  |  | $ | 69.2 |

In the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 we issued 49,000 and 357,000 shares, respectively, of our common stock issued at the request of sellers and/or in connection with tax-free exchange acquisitions.

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Supplemental and contingent revenues - Reported supplemental and contingent revenues recognized in 2025, 2024 and 2023 by quarter are as follows (in millions):

|  | First |  |  | Second |  |  | Third |  |  | Fourth |  |  |  |
|  | Quarter |  |  | Quarter |  |  | Quarter |  |  | Quarter |  |  | YTD |
2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reported supplemental revenues |  | $ | 113.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 113.9 |
Reported contingent revenues |  |  | 92.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 92.9 |
Reported supplemental and contingent revenues |  | $ | 206.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 206.8 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reported supplemental revenues |  | $ | 93.9 |  |  | $ | 88.7 |  |  | $ | 79.1 |  |  | $ | 97.7 |  |  | $ | 359.4 |
Reported contingent revenues |  |  | 86.0 |  |  |  | 59.8 |  |  |  | 69.3 |  |  |  | 52.5 |  |  |  | 267.6 |
Reported supplemental and contingent revenues |  | $ | 179.9 |  |  | $ | 148.5 |  |  | $ | 148.4 |  |  | $ | 150.2 |  |  | $ | 627.0 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reported supplemental revenues |  | $ | 81.6 |  |  | $ | 71.2 |  |  | $ | 70.8 |  |  | $ | 90.6 |  |  | $ | 314.2 |
Reported contingent revenues |  |  | 71.8 |  |  |  | 54.2 |  |  |  | 53.9 |  |  |  | 55.4 |  |  |  | 235.3 |
Reported supplemental and contingent revenues |  | $ | 153.4 |  |  | $ | 125.4 |  |  | $ | 124.7 |  |  | $ | 146.0 |  |  | $ | 549.5 |

Interest income, premium finance revenues and other income - This primarily represents interest income earned on cash, cash equivalents and fiduciary cash and revenues from premium financing, income from equity investments and net gains related to divestitures and sales of books of business.

Interest income, premium finance revenues and other income in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 increased compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to increases in interest income earned on our own and fiduciary funds, including the $142.6 million interest income earned in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 related to the proceeds from the AssuredPartners Financing.

The following table provides a reconciliation of brokerage segment interest income, premium finance revenues and other income, as reported in our consolidated financial statements to interest income earned on cash, cash equivalents and fiduciary cash (in millions):

|  | Three-month period ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Interest income, premium finance revenues and other income |  | $ | 238.4 |  |  | $ | 84.7 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (gains) on divestitures |  |  | (6.4 | ) |  |  | (0.5 | )
Premium financing revenues and net earnings from equity interests |  |  | (23.3 | ) |  |  | (21.5 | )
Interest income from cash, cash equivalents, and fiduciary cash |  | $ | 208.7 |  |  | $ | 62.7 |

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Compensation expense - The following provides non-GAAP information that management believes is helpful when comparing compensation expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 with the same period in 2024 (in millions):

| Three-month period ended March 31, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Compensation expense, as reported | $ | 1,617.2 |  |  | $ | 1,476.8 |
Acquisition integration |  | (27.6 | ) |  |  | (24.5 | )
Workforce and lease termination related charges |  | (16.5 | ) |  |  | (10.4 | )
Acquisition related adjustments |  | (30.1 | ) |  |  | (49.8 | )
Levelized foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  |  | (8.8 | )
Compensation expense, as adjusted | $ | 1,543.0 |  |  | $ | 1,383.3 |
Reported compensation expense ratios |  | 48.8 | % |  |  | 51.6 | %
Adjusted compensation expense ratios |  | 46.6 | % |  |  | 49.0 | %
Reported revenues | $ | 3,314.6 |  |  | $ | 2,864.9 |
Adjusted revenues - see page 38 | $ | 3,308.2 |  |  | $ | 2,820.6 |

The $140.4 million increase in compensation expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to increases in base and incentive compensation related to the hiring of producers and other roles to service and support organic growth and higher benefit costs - $103.7 million in the aggregate, compensation associated with the acquisitions completed in the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2025 ‑ $47.2 million, increases in workforce related charges - $6.1 million, increased acquisition integration costs - $3.1 million, partially offset by reduced acquisition earnout related adjustments - $19.7 million.

Operating expense - The following provides non-GAAP information that management believes is helpful when comparing operating expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 with the same period in 2024 (in millions):

| Three-month period ended March 31 |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Operating expense, as reported | $ | 346.4 |  |  | $ | 339.4 |
Acquisition integration |  | (16.4 | ) |  |  | (24.2 | )
Workforce and lease termination related charges |  | (1.4 | ) |  |  | (1.2 | )
Levelized foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  |  | (0.5 | )
Operating expense, as adjusted | $ | 328.6 |  |  | $ | 313.5 |
Reported operating expense ratios |  | 10.5 | % |  |  | 11.9 | %
Adjusted operating expense ratios |  | 9.9 | % |  |  | 11.1 | %
Reported revenues | $ | 3,314.6 |  |  | $ | 2,864.9 |
Adjusted revenues - see page 38 | $ | 3,308.2 |  |  | $ | 2,820.6 |

The $7.0 million increase in operating expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to expenses associated with the acquisitions completed in the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2025 ‑ $12.4 million, additional investments in technology, partially offset by savings in real estate expenses related to office consolidations, and lower travel and entertainment related costs - $2.2 million in the aggregate, increased workforce related charges $0.2 million, partially offset by a decrease in acquisition integration costs - $7.8 million.

Depreciation - Depreciation expense increased in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 by $0.1 million. The increase in depreciation expense in 2025 compared to 2024 was due primarily to the purchases of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements related to office consolidations and moves, and expenditures related to upgrading computer systems. Also contributing to the increase in depreciation expense was the depreciation expense associated with acquisitions completed in the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2025.

Amortization - The increase in amortization expense in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily due to the impact of amortization expense of intangible assets associated with acquisitions completed in the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2025. Based on the results of impairment reviews and decisions made to exit some non-core

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operations during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, we wrote off $40.6 million of amortizable assets. Based on the results of impairment reviews during the three-month period ended March 31, 2024, no impairments were noted. We review all of our intangible assets for impairment periodically (at least annually for goodwill) and whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. We perform such impairment reviews at the division (i.e., reporting unit) level with respect to goodwill and at the business unit level for amortizable intangible assets. In reviewing intangible assets, if the undiscounted future cash flows were less than the carrying amount of the respective (or underlying) asset, an indicator of impairment would exist and further analysis would be required to determine whether or not a loss would need to be charged against current period earnings as a component of amortization expense. Expiration lists, non‑compete agreements and trade names are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives (two to fifteen years for expiration lists, two to six years for non-compete agreements and two to fifteen years for trade names).

Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables - The change in the expense from the change in estimated acquisition earnout payables in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to adjustments made to the estimated fair value of earnout obligations related to revised assumptions due to rising interest rates and increased market volatility and projections of future performance. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recognized $12.6 million and $18.7 million, respectively, of expense related to the accretion of the discount recorded for earnout obligations in connection with our acquisitions made in the period from 2021 to 2025. In addition, during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recognized $2.8 million of expense and $34.9 million of income, respectively, related to net adjustments in the estimated fair value of earnout obligations in connection with revised assumptions due to changes in interest rates, volatility and other assumptions and projections of future performance for 28 and 37 acquisitions, respectively.

The amounts initially recorded as earnout payables for our 2021 to 2025 acquisitions were measured at fair value as of the acquisition date and are primarily based upon the estimated future operating results of the acquired entities over a two- to-three-year period subsequent to the acquisition date. The fair value of these earnout obligations is based on the present value of the expected future payments to be made to the sellers of the acquired entities in accordance with the provisions outlined in the respective purchase agreements. In determining fair value, we estimate the acquired entity’s future performance using financial projections developed by management for the acquired entity and market participant assumptions that were derived for revenue growth and/or profitability. We estimate future earnout payments using the earnout formula and performance targets specified in each purchase agreement and these financial projections. Subsequent changes in the underlying financial projections or assumptions will cause the estimated earnout obligations to change and such adjustments are recorded in our consolidated statement of earnings when incurred. Increases in the earnout payable obligations will result in the recognition of expense and decreases in the earnout payable obligations will result in the recognition of income.

Provision for income taxes - The brokerage segment’s effective income tax rates for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, were 25.7% and 25.5%, respectively. We anticipate reporting an effective tax rate of approximately 24.5% to 26.5% in our brokerage segment based on known changes in tax rates in future periods.

Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests - The amounts reported in this line for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, include noncontrolling interest earnings of $4.5 million and $4.3 million, respectively.

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Risk Management

The risk management segment accounted for 11% of our revenue during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025. Our risk management segment operations provide contract claim settlement, claim administration, loss control services and risk management consulting for commercial, nonprofit, captive and public sector entities, and various other organizations that choose to self-insure property/casualty coverages or choose to use a third-party claims management organization rather than the claim services provided by underwriting enterprises. Revenues for our risk management segment are comprised of fees generally negotiated (i) on a per-claim or per-service basis, (ii) on a cost-plus basis, or (iii) as performance-based fees. We also provide risk management consulting services that are recognized as the services are delivered.

Financial information relating to our risk management segment results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, is as follows (in millions, except per share, percentages and workforce data):

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Statement of Earnings | Three-month period ended March 31, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change |
Fees | $ | 364.6 |  |  | $ | 344.5 |  |  | $ | 20.1 |
Interest income and other income |  | 8.8 |  |  |  | 8.3 |  |  |  | 0.5 |
Revenues before reimbursements |  | 373.4 |  |  |  | 352.8 |  |  |  | 20.6 |
Reimbursements |  | 39.0 |  |  |  | 38.6 |  |  |  | 0.4 |
Total revenues |  | 412.4 |  |  |  | 391.4 |  |  |  | 21.0 |
Compensation |  | 231.1 |  |  |  | 213.9 |  |  |  | 17.2 |
Operating |  | 70.8 |  |  |  | 68.4 |  |  |  | 2.4 |
Reimbursements |  | 39.0 |  |  |  | 38.6 |  |  |  | 0.4 |
Depreciation |  | 9.5 |  |  |  | 10.9 |  |  |  | (1.4 | )
Amortization |  | 5.7 |  |  |  | 6.3 |  |  |  | (0.6 | )
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.3 |
Total expenses |  | 356.5 |  |  |  | 338.2 |  |  |  | 18.3 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | 55.9 |  |  |  | 53.2 |  |  |  | 2.7 |
Provision for income taxes |  | 14.8 |  |  |  | 13.9 |  |  |  | 0.9 |
Net earnings |  | 41.1 |  |  |  | 39.3 |  |  |  | 1.8 |
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net earnings attributable to controlling interests | $ | 41.1 |  |  | $ | 39.3 |  |  | $ | 1.8 |
Diluted net earnings per share | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | (0.02 | )
Other information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in diluted net earnings per share |  | -11 | % |  |  | 20 | % |  |  |
Growth in revenues (before reimbursements) |  | 6 | % |  |  | 19 | % |  |  |
Organic change in fees (before reimbursements) |  | 4 | % |  |  | 13 | % |  |  |
Compensation expense ratio (before reimbursements) |  | 62 | % |  |  | 61 | % |  |  |
Operating expense ratio (before reimbursements) |  | 19 | % |  |  | 19 | % |  |  |
Effective income tax rate |  | 26 | % |  |  | 26 | % |  |  |
Workforce at end of period (includes acquisitions) |  | 10,594 |  |  |  | 9,832 |  |  |  |
Identifiable assets at March 31 | $ | 1,982.4 |  |  | $ | 1,673.5 |  |  |  |
EBITDAC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings | $ | 41.1 |  |  | $ | 39.3 |  |  | $ | 1.8 |
Provision for income taxes |  | 14.8 |  |  |  | 13.9 |  |  |  | 0.9 |
Depreciation |  | 9.5 |  |  |  | 10.9 |  |  |  | (1.4 | )
Amortization |  | 5.7 |  |  |  | 6.3 |  |  |  | (0.6 | )
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.3 |
EBITDAC | $ | 71.5 |  |  | $ | 70.5 |  |  | $ | 1.0 |

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The following provides non-GAAP information that management believes is helpful when comparing EBITDAC and adjusted EBITDAC for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 to th e same period in 2024 (in millions):

| Three-month period ended March 31,
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change
Net earnings, as reported | $ | 41.1 |  |  | $ | 39.3 |  |  | 5%
Provision for income taxes |  | 14.8 |  |  |  | 13.9 |  |  |
Depreciation |  | 9.5 |  |  |  | 10.9 |  |  |
Amortization |  | 5.7 |  |  |  | 6.3 |  |  |
Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |
Total EBITDAC |  | 71.5 |  |  |  | 70.5 |  |  | 1%
Net (gains) losses on divestitures |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |
Acquisition integration |  | 1.6 |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |
Workforce and lease termination related charges |  | 3.2 |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |
Acquisition related adjustments |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |
EBITDAC, as adjusted | $ | 76.5 |  |  | $ | 72.7 |  |  | 5%
Net earnings margin (before reimbursements), as reported |  | 11.0 | % |  |  | 11.1 | % |  | - 13 bpts
EBITDAC margin (before reimbursements), as adjusted |  | 20.4 | % |  |  | 20.7 | % |  | - 18 bpts
Reported revenues (before reimbursements) | $ | 373.4 |  |  | $ | 352.8 |  |  |
Adjusted revenues (before reimbursements) - see page 38 | $ | 373.2 |  |  | $ | 351.5 |  |  |

Fees - In our risk management operations, for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, client retention was strong and new business was positive. We believe these favorable trends should continue for the remainder of 2025. However, worsening economic conditions or a reversal in the number of workers employed could cause fewer new liability and core workers' compensation claims to arise in future quarters. Organic change in fee revenues for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 was 3.9% compared to 13.3% for the same period in 2024.

Items excluded from organic fee computations yet i mpacting revenue comparisons for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 include the following (in millions):

| Three-Month Period Ended March 31
Organic Revenues (Non-GAAP) | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change
Fees | $ | 362.9 |  |  | $ | 341.9 |  |  | 6.1%
International performance bonus fees |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | 2.6 |  |  |
Fees as reported |  | 364.6 |  |  |  | 344.5 |  |  | 5.8%
Less fees from acquisitions |  | (10.3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |
Less divested operations |  | — |  |  |  | (2.0 | ) |  |
Levelized foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  |  | (1.5 | ) |  |
Organic fees | $ | 354.3 |  |  | $ | 341.0 |  |  | 3.9%

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The following is a summary of risk management segment acquisition activity for 2025 and 2024:

| Three-month period ended March 31, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Number of acquisitions closed |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |
Estimated annualized revenues acquired (in millions) | $ | 38.2 |  |  | $ | — |

Reimbursements - Reimbursements represent amounts received from clients reimbursing us for certain third-party costs associated with providing our claims management services. In certain service partner relationships, we are considered a principal because we direct the third party, control the specified service and combine the services provided into an integrated solution. Given this principal relationship, we are required to recognize revenue on a gross basis and service partner vendor fees in the operating expense line in our consolidated statement of earnings.

Interest income and other income - Interest income and other income primarily represents interest income earned on cash, cash equivalents and fiduciary cash. Interest income and other income in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 increased compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to increases in interest income from increased levels of fiduciary cash.

Compensation expense - The following provides non-GAAP information that management believes is helpful when comparing compensation expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 with the same period in 2024 (in millions):

| Three-month period ended March 31, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Compensation expense, as reported | $ | 231.1 |  |  | $ | 213.9 |
Acquisition integration |  | (0.5 | ) |  |  | (0.6 | )
Workforce and lease termination related charges |  | (2.8 | ) |  |  | (0.8 | )
Acquisition related adjustments |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | (0.1 | )
Levelized foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  |  | (1.2 | )
Compensation expense, as adjusted | $ | 227.4 |  |  | $ | 211.2 |
Reported compensation expense ratios (before reimbursements) |  | 61.9 | % |  |  | 60.6 | %
Adjusted compensation expense ratios (before reimbursements) |  | 60.9 | % |  |  | 60.1 | %
Reported revenues (before reimbursements) | $ | 373.4 |  |  | $ | 352.8 |
Adjusted revenues (before reimbursements) - see page 38 | $ | 373.2 |  |  | $ | 351.5 |

The $17.2 million increase in compensation expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to compensation associated with the acquisitions completed in the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2025 ‑ $7.7 million, increases in base compensation to service and support organic growth and higher benefit costs, partially offset by savings in incentive compensation - $7.3 million in the aggregate, increases in workforce related charges - $2.0 million and acquisition earnout related adjustments - $0.3 million, partially offset by reduced acquisition integration costs - $0.1 million.

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Operating expense - The following provides non-GAAP information that management believes is helpful when comparing operating expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 with the same period in 2024 (in millions):

| Three-month period ended March 31, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Operating expense, as reported | $ | 70.8 |  |  | $ | 68.4 |
Acquisition integration |  | (1.1 | ) |  |  | (0.1 | )
Workforce and lease termination related charges |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | (0.4 | )
Levelized foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  |  | (0.3 | )
Operating expense, as adjusted | $ | 69.3 |  |  | $ | 67.6 |
Reported operating expense ratios (before reimbursements) |  | 19.0 | % |  |  | 19.4 | %
Adjusted operating expense ratios (before reimbursements) |  | 18.6 | % |  |  | 19.2 | %
Reported revenues (before reimbursements) | $ | 373.4 |  |  | $ | 352.8 |
Adjusted revenues (before reimbursements) - see page 38 | $ | 373.2 |  |  | $ | 351.5 |

The $2.4 million increase in operating expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to expenses associated with the acquisitions completed in the twelve-month period ended March 31, 2025 - $1.6 million, an increase in acquisition integration costs - $1.0 million, and additional investments in technology, partially offset by savings in client-related expenses - $0.2 million in the aggregate.

Depreciation - Depreciation decreased in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 by $1.4 million which reflects the impact of office consolidations that occurred as leases expired in 2024 (less depreciation associated with furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements), partially offset by the impact of expenditures related to upgrading computer systems.

Amortization - Amortization expense in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 decreased by $0.6 million due to the normal recurring quarterly amortization expense. Based on the results of impairment reviews during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, no impairments were noted.

Change in estimated acquisition earnout payables - The change in expense from the change in estimated acquisition earnout payables in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 to the same period in 2024, was due to accretion of the discount. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recognized $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, of expense, related to the accretion of the discount recorded for earnout obligations in connection with our acquisitions.

Provision for income taxes - The risk management segment’s effective income tax rates for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, were 26.5% and 26.1%, respectively. We anticipate reporting an effective tax rate on adjusted results of approximately 25.0% to 27.0% in our risk management segment based on known changes in tax rates in future periods.

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Corporate

The corporate segment reports the financial information related to our debt, external acquisition-related expenses, other corporate costs and the impact of foreign currency remeasurement. For a detailed discussion of the nature of our debt, see Note 6 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein as of March 31, 2025 and in Note 7 to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10‑K as of December 31, 2024.

Financial information relating to our corporate segment results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 is as follows (in millions, except per share):

| Three-month period ended March 31, |
Statement of Earnings | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change |
Other income | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | — |
Total revenues |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | — |
Compensation |  | 49.4 |  |  |  | 35.2 |  |  |  | 14.2 |
Operating |  | 73.2 |  |  |  | 27.9 |  |  |  | 45.3 |
Interest |  | 158.4 |  |  |  | 92.2 |  |  |  | 66.2 |
Depreciation |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | — |
Total expenses |  | 282.7 |  |  |  | 157.0 |  |  |  | 125.7 |
Loss before income taxes |  | (282.3 | ) |  |  | (156.6 | ) |  |  | (125.7 | )
Benefit for income taxes |  | (134.0 | ) |  |  | (77.4 | ) |  |  | (56.6 | )
Net loss |  | (148.3 | ) |  |  | (79.2 | ) |  |  | (69.1 | )
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net loss attributable to controlling interests | $ | (148.3 | ) |  | $ | (79.2 | ) |  | $ | (69.1 | )
Diluted net loss per share | $ | (0.57 | ) |  | $ | (0.36 | ) |  | $ | (0.21 | )
Identifiable assets at March 31 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
EBITDAC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (148.3 | ) |  | $ | (79.2 | ) |  | $ | (69.1 | )
Benefit for income taxes |  | (134.0 | ) |  |  | (77.4 | ) |  |  | (56.6 | )
Interest |  | 158.4 |  |  |  | 92.2 |  |  |  | 66.2 |
Depreciation |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | — |
EBITDAC | $ | (122.2 | ) |  | $ | (62.7 | ) |  | $ | (59.5 | )

Revenues - Revenues in the corporate segment consist of other income related to the run-off of clean energy and legacy investments.

Compensation expense - Compensation expense in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, includes salary, incentive compensation, and associated benefit expenses of $49.4 million and $35.2 million, respectively. The change in compensation expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily due to increased incentive compensation, which includes transaction-related costs as described on page 53 in note (1), and increased costs associated with stock-based benefits.

Operating expense - Operating expense in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, includes banking and related fees of $1.1 million, external professional fees and other due diligence costs related to acquisitions of $20.5 million, which includes $18.1 million of transaction-related costs as described on page 53 in note (1), other corporate and clean energy related expenses, including litigation matters, technology and other professional fees of $28.6 million in aggregate, and a net unrealized foreign exchange remeasurement loss of $23.0 million.

Operating expense in the three-month period ended March 31, 2024 includes banking and related fees of $0.9 million, external professional fees and other due diligence costs related to acquisitions of $3.8 million, which includes transaction‑related costs as described on page 53 in note (1), other corporate and clean energy related expenses, including litigation matters, technology and other professional fees of $23.8 million, partially offset by a net unrealized foreign exchange remeasurement gain of $0.6 million.

Interest expense - The increase in interest expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, was due to the following:

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Change in interest expense related to: | Three-month period ended March 31, 2025 |
Interest on borrowings from our Credit Agreement | $ | (3.6 | )
Interest on the maturity of the Series H notes |  | (2.5 | )
Interest on the maturity of the Series HH notes |  | (0.6 | )
Interest on the $1,000.0 million senior notes funded on February 15, 2024 |  | 7.2 |
Interest on the $5,000.0 million senior notes funded on December 19, 2024 |  | 65.8 |
Amortization of hedge gains/losses |  | (0.1 | )
Net change in interest expense | $ | 66.2 |

Depreciation - Depreciation expense in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 was flat compared to 2024 and includes capital improvements made at our corporate headquarters and Gallagher Centers of Excellence and to the acquisition of other corporate related fixed assets.

Benefit for income taxes - We allocate the provision for income taxes to the brokerage and risk management segments using local country statutory rates. Our consolidated effective tax rate for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 was 18.8% compared to 20.7% for the same period in 2024.

The following provides non-GAAP information that we believe is helpful when comparing our operating results for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 for the corporate segment (in millions):

|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net Earnings |
|  |  |  |  | Income |  |  | (Loss) |  |  |  |  |  | Income |  |  | (Loss) |
|  |  |  |  | Tax |  |  | Attributable to |  |  |  |  |  | Tax |  |  | Attributable to |
|  | Pretax |  |  | (Provision) |  |  | Controlling |  |  | Pretax |  |  | (Provision) |  |  | Controlling |
Three-Month Periods Ended March 31, |  | Loss |  |  | Benefit |  |  | Interests |  |  | Loss |  |  | Benefit |  |  | Interests |
Interest and banking costs |  | $ | (159.5 | ) |  | $ | 41.5 |  |  | $ | (118.0 | ) |  | $ | (93.1 | ) |  | $ | 24.2 |  |  | $ | (68.9 | )
Clean energy related |  |  | (1.8 | ) |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | (1.3 | ) |  |  | (1.9 | ) |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | (1.4 | )
Acquisition costs (1) |  |  | (26.4 | ) |  |  | 3.4 |  |  |  | (23.0 | ) |  |  | (4.7 | ) |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  | (3.9 | )
Corporate (2) |  |  | (94.6 | ) |  |  | 88.6 |  |  |  | (6.0 | ) |  |  | (56.9 | ) |  |  | 51.9 |  |  |  | (5.0 | )
Corporate, as reported |  |  | (282.3 | ) |  |  | 134.0 |  |  |  | (148.3 | ) |  |  | (156.6 | ) |  |  | 77.4 |  |  |  | (79.2 | )
Adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transaction-related costs (1) |  |  | 23.1 |  |  |  | (3.1 | ) |  |  | 20.0 |  |  |  | 3.2 |  |  |  | (0.5 | ) |  |  | 2.7 |
Components of Corporate Segment, as adjusted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and banking costs |  |  | (159.5 | ) |  |  | 41.5 |  |  |  | (118.0 | ) |  |  | (93.1 | ) |  |  | 24.2 |  |  |  | (68.9 | )
Clean energy related |  |  | (1.8 | ) |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | (1.3 | ) |  |  | (1.9 | ) |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | (1.4 | )
Acquisition costs |  |  | (3.3 | ) |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | (3.0 | ) |  |  | (1.5 | ) |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | (1.2 | )
Corporate (2) |  |  | (94.6 | ) |  |  | 88.6 |  |  |  | (6.0 | ) |  |  | (56.9 | ) |  |  | 51.9 |  |  |  | (5.0 | )
Adjusted three months |  | $ | (259.2 | ) |  | $ | 130.9 |  |  | $ | (128.3 | ) |  | $ | (153.4 | ) |  | $ | 76.9 |  |  | $ | (76.5 | )

(1)
We incurred transaction-related costs, which include legal, consulting, employee compensation and other professional fees associated with completed, future and terminated acquisitions. Adjustments primarily relate to our acquisitio n of Willis Re, the acquisitions of Buck, Cadence Insurance and Eastern Insurance, all of which closed in 2023, Woodruff Sawyer, which closed on April 10, 2025, and the pending acquisition of AssuredPartners.
(2)
Corporate pretax loss includes a net unrealized foreign exchange remeasurement loss of $23.0 million in first quarter 2025 and a net unrealized foreign exchange remeasurement gain of $0.6 million in first quarter 2024.

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Interest and banking costs and debt - Interest and banking costs includes expenses related to our debt.

Clean energy - For 2025, this consists of the operating results related to our investments in new clean energy projects.

Acquisition costs - Consists mostly of external professional fees and other due diligence costs related to acquisitions. On occasion, we enter into forward currency hedges for the purchase price of committed, but not yet funded, acquisitions with funding requirements in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The gains or losses, if any, associated with these hedge transactions are also included in acquisition costs.

Corporate - Consists of overhead allocations mostly related to corporate staff compensation, other corporate level activities, and net unrealized foreign exchange remeasurement. In addition, it includes the tax expense related to partial taxation of foreign earnings, nondeductible executive compensation and entertainment expenses, the tax benefit from vesting of employee equity awards, as well as other permanent or discrete tax items not reflected in the provision for income taxes in the brokerage and risk management segments. The income tax benefit of stock-based awards that vested or were settled in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, was $65.8 million and $46.4 million, respectively, and is included in the table above in the Corporate line.

Clean energy investm ents - Please refer to our filings with the SEC, including Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” on pages 11 through 31 of our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, for a more detailed discussion of these and other factors that could impact the information above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity describes the ability of a company to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the cash requirements of its business operations. The insurance brokerage and risk management industries are not capital intensive. Historically, our capital requirements have primarily included dividend payments on our common stock, repurchases of our common stock, funding of our investments, acquisitions of brokerage and risk management operations and capital expenditures, including investments being made in IT and software development projects.

On March 4, 2025, we signed a definitive agreement to acquire all of the issued and outstanding stock of Woodruff Sawyer for a gross consideration of $1.2 billion. The acquisition closed on April 10, 2025. We funded the transaction using cash on hand. Total expected expense to integrate Woodruff Sawyer into our operations is approximately $150.0 million.

Operating Cash Flow

Historically, we have depended on our ability to generate positive cash flow from operations to meet a substantial portion of our cash requirements. We believe that our cash flows from operations and borrowings under our Credit Agreement (as defined below) will provide us with adequate resources to meet our liquidity needs in the foreseeable future. To fund acquisitions made during 2024 and for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, we relied on a combination of net cash flows from operations, proceeds from borrowings under our Credit Agreement, proceeds from issuances of senior unsecured notes and issuance of our common stock.

Cash provided by operating activities was $871.8 million and $789.3 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in cash provided by operating activities during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to growth in our core brokerage and risk management operations and timing differences between periods with cash receipts and disbursements related to accounts receivables and accrued compensation and other current liabilities compared to the same period in 2024.

During the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 employee matching contributions to the 401(k) plan of $105.4 million relating to 2024 were funded using common stock. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2024, employee matching contributions to the 401(k) plan of $86.0 million relating to 2023 were funded using common stock.

When assessing our overall liquidity, we believe that the focus should be on net earnings as reported in our consolidated statement of earnings, adjusted for non‑cash items (i.e., EBITDAC), and cash provided by operating activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows. Consolidated EBITDAC was $1,300.3 million and $1,056.5 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Net earnings attributable to controlling interests were $704.4 million and $608.4 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We believe that EBITDAC items are indicators of trends in liquidity.

Defined Benefit Pension Plan

Our policy for funding our defined benefit pension plan is to contribute amounts at least sufficient to meet the minimum funding

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requirements under the IRC. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (which we refer to as ERISA), could impose a minimum funding requirement for our plan. We are not required to make any minimum contributions to the plan for the 2025 plan year, nor were we required to make any minimum contributions to the plan for the 2024 plan year. Funding requirements are based on the plan being frozen and the aggregate amount of our historical funding. The plan’s actuaries determine contribution rates based on our funding practices and requirements. Funding amounts may be influenced by future asset performance, the level of discount rates and other variables impacting the assets and/or liabilities of the plan. In addition, amounts funded in the future, to the extent not due under regulatory requirements, may be affected by alternative uses of our cash flows, including dividends, acquisitions and common stock repurchases. We did not make any discretionary contributions to the plan during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. We are not considering making any discretionary contributions to the plan in 2025, but may be required to make minimum contributions to the plan in future periods.

Investing Cash Flows

Capital Expenditures - Capital expenditures were $28.2 million and $29.7 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. In 2025, we expect total expenditures for capital improvements to be approximately $150.0 million (includes the impact of acquisitions closed through March 31, 2025), part of which is related to expenditures on office moves and investments being made in IT and software development projects. Capital expenditures decreased in 2025 compared to 2024 primarily due to less acquisition integration related expenditures, differences in the period over period timing of expenditures related to investments in information technology, and by the movement of information technology to cloud computing based technology from in‑house hosted environments. Expenditures made related to cloud computing based technology are accounted for as deferred costs versus fixed assets, which would reduce capital expenditures.

Acquisitions - Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash acquired, was $331.8 million and $251.2 million in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. In addition, during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, we issued 0.1 million shares ($16.6 million) of our common stock as payment for a portion of the total consideration paid for 2025 acquisitions and earnout payments made in 2025. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2024, we issued 0.4 million shares ($88.3 million) of our common stock as payment for consideration paid for 2024 acquisitions and earnout payments made in 2024. We completed eleven and twelve acquisitions in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Annualized revenues of businesses acquired in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 totaled approximately $100.9 million and $69.2 million, respectively. For the remainder of 2025, we expect to use cash on hand, new debt, our Credit Agreement, cash from operations and our common stock, or a combination thereof to fund all of the acquisitions we complete.

If liquidity concerns arise, we may be more likely to issue common stock to fund acquisitions.

Dispositions - During each of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we sold several books of business and recognized net gains of $6.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively. We received net cash proceeds of $1.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in these 2025 and 2024 transactions.

Financing Cash Flows

At March 31, 2025, we had $9,550.0 million of Senior Notes, $3,523.0 million of corporate related borrowings outstanding, no borrowings outstanding under our Credit Agreement, $152.8 million of borrowings outstanding under our Premium Financing Debt Facility and a cash and cash equivalent balance of $16,691.8 million.

Consistent with past practice, as of March 31, 2025 we had pre-issuance hedges open for $1,000.0 million for 2026.

The Senior Notes, Note Purchase Agreements, the Credit Agreement and the Premium Financing Debt Facility contain various financial covenants that require us to maintain specified financial ratios. We were in compliance with these covenants at March 31, 2025.

Senior Notes - On December 19, 2024, we closed and funded an offering of $5,000.0 million of unsecured senior notes in five tranches. The $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.60% Senior Notes is due in 2027, $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.85% Senior Notes is due in 2029, $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.00% Senior Notes is due in 2032, $1,500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.15% Senior Notes is due in 2035, $1,500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.55% Senior Notes is due in 2055. The weighted average interest rate is 5.25% per annum after giving effect to underwriting costs and a net hedge gain. During 2024, we entered into a pre-issuance interest rate hedging transaction related to these notes. We realized a net cash gain of approximately $4.1 million on the hedging transactions that will be recognized on a pro rata basis as a decrease to our reported interest expense over ten years. We expect to use the net proceeds of this offering to fund a portion of the cash consideration payable in connection with the AssuredPartners acquisition and for general corporate purposes including other acquisitions.

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On February 12, 2024, we closed and funded an offering of $1,000.0 million of unsecured senior notes in two tranches. The $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.45% Senior Notes is due in 2034 (which we refer to as the 2034 July Notes) and $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.75% Senior Notes is due in 2054 (which we refer to as the 2054 July Notes). The weighted average interest rate is 5.71% per annum after giving effect to underwriting costs and a net hedge loss. During 2023, we entered into a pre-issuance interest rate hedging transaction related to these notes. We realized a net cash loss of approximately $1.4 million on the hedging transactions that will be recognized on a pro rata basis as an increase to our reported interest expense over ten years. We used the proceeds of these offerings to fund acquisitions, earnout payments related to acquisitions and general corporate purposes.

Note Purchase Agreement - During February 2024, we used operating cash to fund the $100.0 million Series HH note maturity that had a fixed rate of 4.72% that was due February 13, 2024 and the $325.0 million Series H note maturity that had a fixed rate of 4.58% that was due February 27, 2024.

Credit Agreement - On June 22, 2023, we entered into a new Credit Agreement (which we refer to as the Credit Agreement) with an administrative agent and a group of other lenders. The Credit Agreement provided for a five-year unsecured revolving credit facility in the amount of $1,200.0 million (including a $75.0 million letter of credit sub-facility), which was also available in Pounds Sterling, Canadian Dollars, Australian Dollars, New Zealand Dollars, Euros, Japanese Yen and any other currencies agreed by the lenders. On November 7, 2023, we entered into the First Amendment to the Credit Agreement, pursuant to which we increased the commitments under the Credit Agreement to $1,700.0 million.

On April 3, 2025, we entered into an amendment and restatement to the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement provides for a five-year unsecured revolving credit facility in the amount of $2,500.0 million, which is also available in Pounds Sterling, Canadian Dollars, Australian Dollars, New Zealand Dollars, Euros, Japanese Yen and any other currencies agreed by the lenders. The Credit Agreement also includes a $75.0 million letter of credit sub-facility and a $250.0 million Euro swingline sub-facility. We may also, upon the agreement of either one or more then-existing lenders or of additional banks not currently party to the Credit Agreement, increase the commitments under the Credit Agreement up to $3,000.0 million. The amendment and restatement, among other things, also extended the maturity date from June 22, 2028 to April 3, 2030 and updated the facility fee and applicable margin as determined by reference to the rating of our long-term senior unsecured debt.

We use the Credit Agreement to post letters of credit and to borrow funds to supplement our operating cash flows from time to time. In the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, we had no borrowings or repayments. At March 31, 2025, there were no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement. Due to outstanding letters of credit, $1,697.9 million remained available for potential borrowings under the Credit Agreement at March 31, 2025. Principal uses of the 2024 borrowings under the Credit Agreement were to fund acquisitions, earnout payments related to acquisitions and general corporate purposes.

Premium Financing Debt Facility - On October 30, 2024, we entered into an amendment to our revolving loan facility (which we refer to as the Premium Financing Debt Facility), that provides funding for the three Australian (AU) and New Zealand (NZ) premium finance subsidiaries. The Premium Financing Debt Facility is comprised of: (i) Facility B, which is separated into AU$390.0 million and NZ$25.0 million tranches (the NZ$ tranche has been decreased as of May 1, 2025 to NZ$10.0 million), (ii) Facility C, which is an AU$60.0 million equivalent multi-currency overdraft tranche and (iii) Facility D, which is a NZ$15.0 million equivalent multi-currency overdraft tranche.

At March 31, 2025, AU$230.0 million of borrowings were outstanding under Facility B, with no borrowings outstanding under the NZ$ tranche of Facility B. There were no borrowings outstanding under Facility C and NZ$13.9 million of borrowings were outstanding under Facility D, which in aggregate amount to US$152.8 million of borrowings outstanding under the Premium Financing Debt Facility.

Dividends - Our board of directors determines our dividend policy. Our board of directors determines dividends on our common stock on a quarterly basis after considering our available cash from earnings, our anticipated cash needs and current conditions in the economy and financial markets.

In the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, we declared $167.2 million in cash dividends on our common stock, or $0.65 per common share, an 8% increase over the three-month period ended March 31, 2024. On April 30, 2025, we announced a quarterly dividend for second quarter 2025 of $0.65 per common share. This dividend level in 2025 will result in annualized net cash used by financing activities in 2025 of approximately $664.1 million (based on the number of outstanding shares as of March 31, 2025) or an anticipated increase in cash used of approximately $138.7 million compared to 2024. We make no assurances regarding the amount of any future dividend payments.

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Shelf Registration Statement - On February 12, 2024, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, registering the offer and sale from time to time, of an indeterminate amount of debt securities, guarantees, common stock, preferred stock, warrants, depositary shares, purchase contracts, or units. The availability of the potential liquidity under this shelf registration statement depends on investor demand, market conditions and other factors. We make no assurances regarding when, or if, we will issue any securities under this registration statement. On November 15, 2022, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-4 with the with the SEC, registering 7.0 million shares of our common stock that we may offer and issue from time to time in connection with future acquisitions of other businesses, assets or securities. At March 31, 2025, 5.5 million shares remained available for issuance under this registration statement. Please see the information set forth in “Investing Cash Flows - Acquisitions.”

Common Stock Repurchases - We have in place a common stock repurchase plan approved by our board of directors in July 2021, that authorizes the repurchase of up to $1.5 billion of common stock. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we did not repurchase shares of our common stock. The plan authorizes the repurchase of our common stock at such times and prices, as we may deem advantageous, in transactions on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. We are under no commitment or obligation to repurchase any particular number of shares, and the plan may be suspended at any time at our discretion. Management may consider repurchasing common stock during the remainder of 2025 to the extent that our available cash exceeds acquisition opportunities. Funding for share repurchases may come from a variety of sources, including cash from operations, short-term or long‑term borrowings under our Credit Agreement or other sources. See “Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” below for more information regarding shares repurchased during the quarter.

Public Offering of Common Stock - On December 9, 2024, we entered into an Underwriting Agreement with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and BofA Securities, Inc., as representatives of the several underwriters listed thereto, pursuant to which we agreed to sell 30.4 million shares of our common stock for a public per share offering price of $280.00, for aggregate offering price of $8.5 billion. The offering closed on December 11, 2024 and 30.4 million shares of our common stock were issued for net proceeds, after underwriting discounts, of $8,347.0 million. We also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 4.6 million shares of our common stock at the same price, which was exercised in full by the underwriters on January 6, 2025. The option closed on January 7, 2025 and 4.6 million shares of our common stock were issued for net proceeds, after underwriting discounts, of $1.252.0 million of cash. We expect to use the proceeds of this offering to fund a portion of the cash consideration payable in connection with the AssuredPartners acquisition and for other general corporate purposes including other acquisitions.

At-the-Market Equity Program - On March 14, 2024, we entered into an updated Equity Distribution Agreement with Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, up to 3,000,000 shares of our common stock through Morgan Stanley as sales agent. We intend to use the net proceeds of sales under this program to fund future acquisitions from time to time or for general corporate purposes. Pursuant to the agreement, shares may be sold by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions, including on the New York Stock Exchange, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market prices, or at negotiated prices, in block transactions, or as otherwise agreed upon by us and Morgan Stanley. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, we did not sell shares of our common stock under the program.

Common Stock Issuances - Another source of liquidity to us is the issuance of our common stock pursuant to our stock option and employee stock purchase plans. Proceeds from the issuance of common stock under these plans for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, were $82.7 million and $52.0 million, respectively. On May 10, 2022, our stockholders approved the 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan (which we refer to as the LTIP), which replaced our previous stockholder-approved 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan. All of our officers, employees and non-employee directors are eligible to receive awards under the LTIP. Awards that may be granted under the LTIP include non-qualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units and performance units, any or all of which may be made contingent upon the achievement of performance criteria. Stock options with respect to 9.9 million shares (less any shares of restricted stock issued under the LTIP - 2.1 million shares of our common stock were available for this purpose as of March 31, 2025) were available for grant under the LTIP at March 31, 2025. Our employee stock purchase plan allows our employees to purchase our common stock at 95% of its fair market value. Proceeds from the issuance of our common stock related to these plans have contributed favorably to net cash provided by financing activities in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, and we believe this favorable trend will continue in the foreseeable future.

We have a qualified contributory savings and thrift 401(k) plan covering the majority of our domestic employees. For eligible employees who have met the plan’s age and service requirements to receive matching contributions, we historically have matched 100% of pretax and Roth elective deferrals up to a maximum of 5.0% of eligible compensation, subject to federal limits on plan contributions and not in excess of the maximum amount deductible for federal income tax purposes. Beginning with the match paid in 2021, the amount matched by the Company will be discretionary and annually determined by management. Employees must be employed and eligible for the plan on the last day of the plan year to receive a matching contribution, subject to certain exceptions enumerated in the plan document. Matching contributions are subject to a five-year graduated vesting schedule and can be funded in cash or common stock of the Company. We expensed (net of plan forfeitures) $29.9 million and $26.1 million related to the plan in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During 2024, management determined the 5.0% employer

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matching contribution on eligible compensation to the 401(k) plan for the 2024 plan year to be funded with our common stock, which we funded in February 2025. During 2023, management determined the 5.0% employer matching contribution on eligible compensation to the 401(k) plan for the 2023 plan year to be funded with our common stock, which we funded in February 2024.

Outlook - We believe that we have sufficient capital and access to additional capital to meet our short- and long-term cash flow needs.

Critical Accounting Estimates

There have been no changes in our critical accounting estimates, which include revenue recognition, income taxes and intangible assets/earnout obligations, as discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Business Combinations and Dispositions

See Note 3 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our business combinations during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025. We did not have any material dispositions during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitati ve Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to various market risks in our day to day operations. Market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest and foreign currency exchange rates and equity prices. The following analyses present the hypothetical loss in fair value of the financial instruments held by us at March 31, 2025 that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. The range of changes in interest rates used in the analyses reflects our view of changes that are reasonably possible over a one‑year period. This discussion of market risks related to our consolidated balance sheet includes estimates of future economic environments caused by changes in market risks. The effect of actual changes in these market risk factors may differ materially from our estimates. In the ordinary course of business, we also face risks that are either nonfinancial or unquantifiable, including credit risk and legal risk. These risks are not included in the following analyses.

Our invested assets are primarily held as cash and cash equivalents, which are subject to various market risk exposures such as interest rate risk. The fair value of our portfolio of cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2025 approximated its carrying value due to its short‑term duration. We estimated market risk as the potential decrease in fair value resulting from a hypothetical one‑percentage point increase in interest rates for the instruments contained in the cash and cash equivalents investment portfolio. The resulting fair values were not materially different from their carrying values at March 31, 2025.

At March 31, 2025, we had $13,073.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our various senior notes and note purchase agreements. The aggregate estimated fair value of these borrowings at March 31, 2025 was $12,306.2 million due to their long‑term duration and fixed interest rates associated with these debt obligations. No active or observable market exists for our private placement long-term debt. Therefore, the estimated fair value of this debt is based on the income valuation approach, which is a valuation technique that converts future amounts (for example, cash flows or income and expenses) to a single current (that is, discounted) amount. The fair value measurement is determined on the basis of the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. Because our debt issuances generate a measurable income stream for each lender, the income approach was deemed to be an appropriate methodology for valuing the private placement long-term debt. The methodology used calculated the original deal spread at the time of each debt issuance, which was equal to the difference between the yield of each issuance (the coupon rate) and the equivalent benchmark treasury yield at that time. The market spread as of the valuation date was calculated, which is equal to the difference between an index for investment grade insurers and the equivalent benchmark treasury yield today. An implied premium or discount to the par value of each debt issuance based on the difference between the origination deal spread and market as of the valuation date was then calculated. The index we relied on to represent investment graded insurers was the Bloomberg Valuation Services (BVAL) U.S. Insurers BBB index. This index is comprised primarily of insurance brokerage firms and was representative of the industry in which we operate. For the purpose of our analysis, the average BBB rate was assumed to be the appropriate borrowing rate for us.

We estimated market risk as the potential impact on the value of the debt recorded in our consolidated balance sheet based on a hypothetical one‑percentage point decrease in our weighted average borrowing rate at March 31, 2025 and the resulting fair values would have been $291.4 million higher than their carrying value (or $13,364.4 million). We estimated market risk as the potential impact on the value of the debt recorded in our consolidated balance sheet resulting from a hypothetical one‑percentage point increase in our weighted average borrowing rate at March 31, 2025 and the resulting fair values would have been $1,679.6 million lower than their carrying value (or $11,393.4 million).

At March 31, 2025, we had no borrowings outstanding under our Credit Agreement and $152.8 million of borrowings outstanding under our Premium Financing Debt Facility. The fair value of these borrowings approximate their carrying value due to their short‑term duration and variable interest rates associated with these debt obligations. Market risk is estimated as the potential increase

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in fair value resulting from a hypothetical one‑percentage point decrease in our weighted average short-term borrowing rate at March 31, 2025, and the resulting fair value is not materially different from their carrying value.

We are subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk primarily from one of our larger U.K. based brokerage subsidiaries that incurs expenses denominated primarily in British pounds while receiving a substantial portion of its revenues in U.S. dollars. Please see Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for additional information regarding potential foreign exchange rate risks arising from Brexit. In addition, we are subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk from our Australian, Canadian, Indian, Jamaican, New Zealand, Norwegian, Singaporean and various Caribbean and Latin American operations because we transact business in their local denominated currencies. Foreign currency gains (losses) related to this market risk are recorded in earnings before income taxes as transactions occur. Assuming a hypothetical adverse change of 10% in the average foreign currency exchange rate for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 (a weakening of the U.S. dollar), earnings before income taxes would have increased by approximately $37.2 million. Assuming a hypothetical favorable change of 10% in the average foreign currency exchange rate for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 (a strengthening of the U.S. dollar), earnings before income taxes would have decreased by approximately $7.3 million. We are also subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with the translation of local currencies of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars. We manage the balance sheets of our foreign subsidiaries, where practical, such that foreign liabilities are matched with equal foreign assets, maintaining a “balanced book” which minimizes the effects of currency fluctuations. However, our consolidated financial position is exposed to foreign currency exchange risk related to intra-entity loans between our U.S. based subsidiaries and our non-U.S. based subsidiaries that are denominated in the respective local foreign currency. A transaction that is in a foreign currency is first remeasured at the entity’s functional (local) currency, where applicable, (which is an adjustment to consolidated earnings) and then translated to the reporting (U.S. dollar) currency (which is an adjustment to consolidated stockholders’ equity) for consolidated reporting purposes. If the transaction is already denominated in the foreign entity’s functional currency, only the translation to U.S. dollar reporting is necessary. The remeasurement process required by U.S. GAAP for such foreign currency loan transactions will give rise to a consolidated unrealized foreign exchange gain or loss, which could be material, that is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive earnings (loss).

Historically, we have not entered into derivatives or other similar financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. However, with respect to managing foreign currency exchange rate risk in India, Norway and the U.K., we have periodically purchased financial instruments to minimize our exposure to this risk. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we had several monthly forward contracts and options in place with an external financial institution that are designed to hedge a significant portion of our future Norway and the U.K. currency revenues through various future payment dates. In addition, during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we had several monthly put/call options in place with an external financial institution that were designed to hedge a significant portion of our Indian currency disbursements through various future payment dates. Although these hedging strategies were designed to protect us against significant India, Norway and the U.K. currency exchange rate movements, we are still exposed to some foreign currency exchange rate risk for the portion of the payments and currency exchange rate that are unhedged. All of these hedges are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”, and periodically are tested for effectiveness in accordance with such guidance. In the scenario where such hedge does not pass the effectiveness test, the hedge will be re‑measured at the stated point and the appropriate loss, if applicable, would be recognized. In the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 there has been no such effect on our financial presentation. The impact of these hedging strategies was not material to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for the three-month period ended March 31, 2025. See Note 11 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for the changes in fair value of these derivative instruments reflected in comprehensive earnings at March 31, 2025.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation required by the Exchange Act, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

During the most recent fiscal quarter, there has not occurred any change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives as specified above. Management does not expect, however, that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent or detect all errors and fraud. Any

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control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our Company have been detected.

Part II - Othe r Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Please see the information set forth in Note 12 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements, included herein, under “Litigation, Regulatory and Taxation Matters.”

Item 1A. Ris k Factors

The risk factors described under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 should be considered alongside the information contained in this report.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equi ty Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table shows the purchases of our common stock made by or on behalf of us or any “affiliated purchaser” (as such term is defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) for each fiscal month in the three-month period ended March 31, 2025:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Maximum Dollar |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Value of Shares |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total Number of |  |  | that May Yet be |
|  | Total |  |  |  |  |  | Shares Purchased |  |  | Purchased |
|  | Number of |  |  | Average |  |  | as Part of Publicly |  |  | Under the |
|  | Shares |  |  | Price Paid |  |  | Announced Plans |  |  | Plans or |
Period |  | Purchased (1) |  |  | per Share (2) |  |  | or Programs (3) |  |  | Programs (3) (4) |
January 1 through January 31, 2025 |  |  | 5,503 |  |  | $ | 288.96 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,500 |
February 1 through February 28, 2025 |  |  | 3,146 |  |  |  | 332.24 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,500 |
March 1 through March 31, 2025 |  |  | 84,746 |  |  |  | 327.82 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,500 |
Total |  |  | 93,395 |  |  | $ | 325.68 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |

(1)
Amounts in this column include shares of our common stock purchased by the trustees of trusts established under our Deferred Equity Participation Plan, including sub-plans (which we refer to as the DEPP), our Deferred Cash Participation Plan (which we refer to as the DCPP) and our Supplemental Savings and Thrift Plan (which we refer to as the Supplemental Plan), respectively. These plans are considered to be unfunded for purposes of federal tax law since the assets of these trusts are available to our creditors in the event of our financial insolvency. The DEPP is an unfunded, non-qualified deferred compensation plan that generally provides for distributions to certain of our key executives when they reach age 62 or upon or after their actual retirement. Under sub-plans of the DEPP for certain production staff, the plan generally provides for vesting and/or distributions no sooner than five years from the date of awards, although certain awards vest and/or distribute after the earlier of fifteen years or the participant reaching age 65. See Note 9 to the March 31, 2025 unaudited consolidated financial statements in this report for more information regarding the DEPP. The DCPP is an unfunded, non-qualified deferred compensation plan for certain key employees, other than executive officers, that generally provides for vesting and/or distributions no sooner than five years from the date of awards. Under the terms of the DEPP and the DCPP, we may contribute cash to the trust and instruct the trustee to acquire a specified number of shares of our common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. In the first quarter of 2025, we instructed the trustee for the DEPP and the DCPP to reinvest dividends on shares of our common stock held by these trusts and to purchase our common stock using cash that we contributed to the DCPP related to 2025 awards under the DCPP. The Supplemental Plan is an unfunded, non-qualified deferred compensation plan that allows certain highly compensated employees to defer compensation, including Company match amounts, on a before-tax basis or after‑tax basis. Under the terms of the Supplemental Plan, all amounts credited to an employee’s account may be deemed invested, at the employee’s election, in a number of investment options that include various mutual funds, an annuity product and a fund representing our common stock. When an employee elects to have some or all of the amounts credited to the employee’s account under the Supplemental Plan deemed to be invested in the fund representing our common stock, the trustee of the trust for the Supplemental Plan purchases shares of our common stock in a number sufficient to ensure that the trust holds a number of shares of our common stock with a value equal to all equivalent to the amounts deemed invested in the fund representing our common stock. We want to ensure that at the time when an employee becomes entitled to a distribution under

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the terms of the Supplemental Plan, any amounts deemed to be invested in the fund representing our common stock are distributed in the form of shares of our common stock held by the trust. We established the trusts for the DEPP, the DCPP and the Supplemental Plan to assist us in discharging our deferred compensation obligations under these plans. All assets of these trusts, including any shares of our common stock purchased by the trustees, remain, at all times, assets of the Company, subject to the claims of our creditors in the event of our financial insolvency. The terms of the DEPP, the DCPP and the Supplemental Plan do not provide for a specified limit on the number of shares of common stock that may be purchased by the respective trustees of the trusts.
(2)
The average price paid per share is calculated on a settlement basis and does not include commissions.
(3)
Effective July 28, 2021, the board of directors approved a common stock repurchase plan of up to $1.5 billion of common stock. Repurchases of common stock may be effected from time to time through open market purchases, trading plans established in accordance with the SEC’s rules, accelerated stock repurchases, private transactions or other means, depending on satisfactory market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The repurchase plan has no expiration date and we are under no commitment or obligation to repurchase any particular amount of our common stock under his plan. At our discretion, we may suspend the repurchase plan at any time.
(4)
Dollar values stated in millions.

Item 5. Other Information

During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, no director or officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Item 6. E xhibits

Filed with this Form 10‑Q

3.1 |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Form 8-K Current Report dated May 11, 2023, File No. 1-09761).
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Form 8-K Current Report dated January 29, 2025, File No. 1-09761).
10.1 |  | Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 3, 2025, by and among Arthur J. Gallagher & Co., as borrower, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, L/C issuer and swing line lender, and the lenders and other L/C issuers party thereto. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K Current Report dated April 3, 2025, File No 001-09761).
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
32.1 |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
32.2 |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document. The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema with embedded linkbases document.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).

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Signa ture

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.
Date: May 2, 2025 | By: | /s/ Douglas K. Howell
|  | Douglas K. Howell Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and duly authorized officer)

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