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Variable interest entities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Securitizations And Variable Interest Entities Disclosure [Abstract]

Incremental Assets and Liabilities Included in Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table presents the incremental assets and liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheet as of Sept. 30, 2025 and Dec. 31, 2024. The net assets of any consolidated VIE are solely available to settle the liabilities of the VIE and to settle any investors’ ownership liquidation requests, including any seed capital we invested in the VIE.


Consolidated investment management funds
	Sept. 30, 2025		Dec. 31, 2024
(in millions)

Trading assets	$	800		$	846
Other assets	26			45
Total assets (a)	$	826		$	891

Other liabilities	$	9		$	5
Total liabilities (b)	$	9		$	5
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests (c)	$	371		$	359

(a) There were no voting model entities (“VMEs”) at Sept. 30, 2025. Includes VMEs with assets of $43 million at Dec. 31, 2024.

(b) There were no VMEs at Sept. 30, 2025. Includes VMEs with liabilities of less than $1 million at Dec. 31, 2024.

(c) There were no VMEs at Sept. 30, 2025. Includes VMEs with nonredeemable noncontrolling interests of $7 million at Dec. 31, 2024.

Schedule of Variable Interest Entities

The maximum loss exposure indicated in the following table relates solely to our investments in, and unfunded commitments to, the VIEs.


Non-consolidated VIEs	Sept. 30, 2025		Dec. 31, 2024
(in millions)
Other assets	$	3,009	$	2,905
Other liabilities	897		951
Maximum loss exposure	3,906		3,856

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

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