D. Restructuring and Other Charges

In the third quarter of 2017, Arconic recorded Restructuring and other charges of $19 ($13 after-tax), which included $11 ($8 after-tax) for layoff costs related to cost reduction initiatives including the separation of 124 employees (111 in the Engineered Products and Solutions segment, 12 in Corporate and 1 in the Global Rolled Products segment); and a net charge of $8 ($5 after-tax) for other miscellaneous items.

In the first nine months of 2017, Arconic recorded Restructuring and other charges of $118 ($99 after-tax), which included $59 ($40 after-tax) for layoff costs related to cost reduction initiatives including the separation of approximately 800 employees (350 in the Engineered Products and Solutions segment, 243 in the Global Rolled Products segment, 133 in the Transportation and Construction Solutions segment and 74 in Corporate); a charge of $60 ($60 after-tax) related to the sale of the Fusina, Italy rolling mill; a net benefit of $6 ($4 after-tax), for the reversal of forfeited executive stock compensation of $13, partially offset by a charge of $7 for the related severance; a net charge of $7 ($5 after-tax) for other miscellaneous items; and a favorable benefit of $2 ($2 after-tax) for the reversal of a number of small layoff reserves related to prior periods.

In the third quarter of 2016, Arconic recorded Restructuring and other charges of $3 ($2 after-tax), which included $4 ($2 after-tax) for layoff costs related to cost reduction initiatives and the separation of Alcoa Inc. (see Note G), including the separation of approximately 70 employees (60 in the Engineered Products and Solutions segment and 10 in Corporate); a net charge of $7 ($5 after-tax) for other miscellaneous items; and a favorable benefit of $8 ($5 after-tax) for the reversal of a number of small layoff reserves related to prior periods.

In the first nine months of 2016, Arconic recorded Restructuring and other charges of $33 ($22 after-tax), which included $34 ($21 after-tax) for layoff costs related to cost reduction initiatives and the separation of Alcoa Inc. (see Note G), including the separation of approximately 1,140 employees (860 in the Engineered Products and Solutions segment, 30 in the Global Rolled Products segment, 240 in the Transportation and Construction Solutions segment, and 10 in Corporate); a net charge of $14 ($9 after-tax) for other miscellaneous items; and a net favorable benefit of $15 ($8 after-tax) for the reversal of a number of small layoff reserves related to prior periods.

Arconic does not include Restructuring and other charges in the results of its reportable segments. The pretax impact of such charges to segment results would have been as follows:


	Third quarter ended September 30,					Nine months ended September 30,
	2017		2016			2017		2016
Engineered Products and Solutions	$	10	$	(1	)	$	24	$	16
Global Rolled Products		2		(1	)		76		1
Transportation and Construction Solutions		2		(2	)		11		6

Segment Total		14		(4	)		111		23
Corporate		5		7			7		10

Total Restructuring and other charges	$	19	$	3		$	118	$	33

As of September 30, 2017, approximately 155 of the 800 employees associated with 2017 restructuring programs, approximately 1,200 of the 1,750 employees (previously 1,800) associated with 2016 restructuring programs (with planned departures in 2017), and approximately 1,120 of the 1,220 employees (previously 1,240) associated with the 2015 restructuring programs were separated. The total number of employees associated with both the 2016 and 2015 restructuring programs was updated to reflect employees who, initially identified for separation, accepted other positions within Arconic, as well as natural attrition. Most of the remaining separations for the 2017 restructuring programs are expected to be completed in 2017 and 2018. All of the remaining separations for the 2016 and 2015 restructuring programs are expected to be completed by the end of 2017.

In the 2017 third quarter and nine-month period, cash payments of $11 and $13, respectively, were made against layoff reserves related to 2017 restructuring programs, cash payments of $3 and $23, respectively, were made against layoff reserves related to 2016 restructuring programs, and cash payments of $1 and $5, respectively, were made against the layoff reserves related to 2015 restructuring programs.

Activity and reserve balances for restructuring charges were as follows:


	Layoff costs			Other exit costs			Total
Reserve balances at December 31, 2015	$	84		$	9		$	93
2016:
Cash payments		(73	)		(13	)		(86	)
Restructuring charges		70			27			97
Other*		(31	)		(14	)		(45	)

Reserve balances at December 31, 2016		50			9			59

2017:
Cash payments		(41	)		(5	)		(46	)
Restructuring charges		54			—			54
Other*		10			(1	)		9

Reserve balances at September 30, 2017	$	73		$	3		$	76

Other includes reversals of previously recorded restructuring charges and the effects of foreign currency translation. In 2017, Other for layoff costs includes the reclassification of a stock awards reversal of $13. In 2016, Other for other exit costs also included reclassifications of $8 in asset retirement, $2 in environmental obligations and $4 in legal obligations as these liabilities were included in Arconic’s separate reserves for asset retirement obligations, environmental remediation and legal costs.

The remaining reserves are expected to be paid in cash during the remainder of 2017, except for approximately $15 to $20, which is expected to be paid within the next year for layoffs.

As part of its ongoing restructuring in Brazil, the Company anticipates recognizing a restructuring-related charge of approximately $30 - $50 in the fourth quarter of 2017 related to its extrusions business which is part of the Transportation and Construction Solutions segment. The charge relates to the noncash impairment of the net book value of the business.