<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-21-112046.txt : 20210901
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20210901163106
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-21-112046
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		19
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20210901
ITEM INFORMATION:		Creation of a Direct Financial Obligation or an Obligation under an Off-Balance Sheet Arrangement of a Registrant
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20210901
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20210901

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Howmet Aerospace Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000004281
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	ROLLING DRAWING & EXTRUDING OF NONFERROUS METALS [3350]
		IRS NUMBER:				250317820
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-03610
		FILM NUMBER:		211230385

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		201 ISABELLA STREET
		STREET 2:		SUITE 200
		CITY:			PITTSBURGH
		STATE:			PA
		ZIP:			15212-5872
		BUSINESS PHONE:		(412) 553-1940

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		201 ISABELLA STREET
		CITY:			PITTSBURGH
		STATE:			PA
		ZIP:			15212-5872

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Arconic Inc.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20161101

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ALCOA INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20141003

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ALCOA INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19990105
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<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D. C. 20549</b></p>

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<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>FORM <span id="xdx_90E_edei--DocumentType_c20210901__20210901_z0oqskNoBLeh"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2021-09-01to2021-09-01" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="text-transform: uppercase"><b>CURRENT
REPORT</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="text-transform: uppercase"><b>Pursuant
to Section&#160;13 or 15(</b></span><b>d<span style="text-transform: uppercase">)&#160;of the</span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="text-transform: uppercase"><b>Securities
Exchange Act of 1934</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in
its charter)</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>



<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white"><b>Office of Investor
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white">(Registrant&#8217;s
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; background-color: white">(Former Name or
Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Check the appropriate box below if the Form&#160;8-K filing
is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">Securities registered pursuant to
Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging
growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (17 CFR &#167;230.405) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 (17 CFR &#167;240.12b-2).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 4in">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant
to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160;&#160;<span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 2.03.</b></td><td><b>Creation of a Direct Financial Obligation or an Obligation under an Off-Balance Sheet Arrangement of the Registrant</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">Please refer to the discussion
under Item 8.01 below, which is incorporated by reference into this Item 2.03.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">&#160;&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 8.01.</b></td><td><b>Other Events</b></td></tr></table>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">On September 1, 2021,
Howmet Aerospace Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) closed its previously announced underwritten
public offering of $700,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 3.000 % Notes due 2029 (the &#8220;Notes&#8221;). The
closing of the offering satisfies the financing condition for the Company&#8217;s currently outstanding tender offer.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">The Notes were issued
under the Indenture dated as of September 30, 1993 between the Company and the Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor
in interest to J. P. Morgan Trust Company, N.A. (formerly known as Chase Manhattan Trust Company, National Association, as successor to
PNC Bank, National Association), as trustee (the &#8220;Trustee&#8221;), as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture dated as
of January 25, 2007 between the Company and the Trustee, the Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of July 15, 2008 between the Company
and the Trustee, the Fourth Supplemental Indenture dated as of December 31, 2017 between the Company and the Trustee, and the Fifth Supplemental
Indenture dated as of April 16, 2020 between the Company and the Trustee (collectively, the &#8220;Indenture&#8221;). The Notes were sold
pursuant to the Company&#8217;s shelf registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form S-3 (File No. 333-237705)
and automatically declared effective on April 16, 2020. The form of the Notes is attached hereto as Exhibit 4.6 and is incorporated herein
by reference into this Item 8.01. A copy of the opinion of counsel of the Company relating to the validity of the Notes is attached hereto
as Exhibit 5.1, and is incorporated herein by reference into this Item 8.01.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">The Notes will mature
on January 15, 2029 and bear interest at a rate of 3.000% per annum. Accrued and unpaid interest on the Notes will be payable semi-annually
in arrears on January 15 and July 15, commencing on January 15, 2022.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">Prior to November 15,
2028, the Company may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at its option, at any time or from time to time, at a redemption price equal
to the greater of (i) 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued interest, if any, to the date of redemption
which has not been paid, or (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments on the Notes to be redeemed, discounted,
on a semiannual basis, at the Treasury Rate (as defined in the Notes), plus 30 basis points, plus accrued interest to the date of redemption
which has not been paid. At any time on or after November 15, 2028, the Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time and
from time to time, at the Company&#8217;s option, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed
plus accrued interest to the date of redemption which has not been paid. Any notice of redemption of the Notes to be redeemed at the option
of the Company may state that such redemption shall be conditional, in the Company&#8217;s discretion, on one or more conditions precedent,
and that such conditional notice of redemption may be rescinded by the Company if it determines that any or all such conditions will not
be satisfied by the redemption date, and that in such event, such redemption notice shall be of no further force or effect and the Company
shall not be required to redeem the Notes on the redemption date or otherwise.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">The Indenture contains
customary events of default. If an event of default under the Indenture occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the holders of at least
25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notes may declare the principal amount of all the Notes to be immediately due and
payable.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">The foregoing description
of the Indenture and the Notes is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of such documents, which are attached or incorporated
by reference hereto as Exhibit 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6 and incorporated by reference into this Item 8.01.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">In connection with the
offering, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement, dated August 18, 2021 (the &#8220;Underwriting Agreement&#8221;), with Citigroup
Global Markets Inc., Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC, as representatives of the
several underwriters named in Schedule I thereto. For a complete description of the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, please refer
to the Underwriting Agreement, which is attached hereto as Exhibit 1.1 and is incorporated by reference into this Item 8.01.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">Also on
September 1, 2021, the Company issued a press release announcing the results as of the early tender deadline (5:00 p.m., New York
City time, on August 31, 2021) of its previously announced tender offer in respect of its outstanding 6.875% Notes due 2025 (the
&#8220;Existing 2025 Notes&#8221;). The Company expects to purchase $599,984,000 aggregate principal amount of the Existing 2025
Notes at early settlement of the tender offer on September 2, 2021. A copy of the press release is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1
and is incorporated by reference into this Item 8.01.&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 24.5pt; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 9.01&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Financial Statements and
Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>(d) Exhibits</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 0.5in"><a href="tm2126680d1_ex1-1.htm">1.1</a></td><td><a href="tm2126680d1_ex1-1.htm">Underwriting Agreement, dated August 18, 2021, between Howmet Aerospace Inc. and Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Goldman Sachs &amp;
Co. LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named in Schedule
I thereto.</a></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 0.5in">4.1</td><td>Form of Indenture, dated as of September 30, 1993, between Alcoa Inc. and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as successor to
J. P. Morgan Trust Company, National Association (formerly Chase Manhattan Trust Company, National Association), as successor Trustee
to PNC Bank, National Association, as Trustee (undated form of Indenture incorporated by reference to exhibit 4(a) to Registration Statement
No. 33-49997 on Form S-3).</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 0.5in"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4281/000119312507012549/dex994.htm">4.2</a></td><td><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4281/000119312507012549/dex994.htm">First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 25, 2007, between Alcoa Inc. and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as successor
to J. P. Morgan Trust Company, National Association (formerly Chase Manhattan Trust Company, National Association), as successor Trustee
to PNC Bank, National Association, as Trustee, incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.4 to the Company&#8217;s Current Report on Form
8-K (Commission file number 1-3610) dated January 25, 2007.</a></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 0.5in"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4281/000119312508150914/dex4c.htm">4.3</a></td><td><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4281/000119312508150914/dex4c.htm">Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 15, 2008, between Alcoa Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A.,
as successor in interest to J. P. Morgan Trust Company, National Association (formerly Chase Manhattan Trust Company, National Association,
as successor to PNC Bank, National Association), as Trustee, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4(c) to the Company&#8217;s Current
Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-3610) dated July 15, 2008.</a></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 0.5in"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4281/000114420418000704/tv482506_ex4-3.htm">4.4</a></td><td><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4281/000114420418000704/tv482506_ex4-3.htm">Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 31, 2017, between Arconic Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation, Arconic Inc., a Delaware
corporation, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.3 to the Company&#8217;s
Current Report on Form 8-K (Commission file number 1-3610) dated January 4, 2018.</a></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 0.5in"><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4281/000110465920047232/tm2015834d1_ex4e.htm">4.5</a></td><td><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/4281/000110465920047232/tm2015834d1_ex4e.htm">Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 16, 2020, between Howmet Aerospace Inc., a Delaware corporation, and The Bank of New
York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, incorporated by reference to exhibit 4(e) to the Company&#8217;s Registration Statement on
Form S-3 (Registration Statement No. 333-237705) dated April 16, 2020.</a></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 0.5in"><a href="tm2126680d1_ex4-6.htm">4.6</a></td><td><a href="tm2126680d1_ex4-6.htm">Form of 3.000% Notes due 2029.</a></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 0.5in"><a href="tm2126680d1_ex5-1.htm">5.1</a></td><td><a href="tm2126680d1_ex5-1.htm">Opinion of K&amp;L Gates LLP, counsel for Howmet Aerospace Inc.</a></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 0.5in"><a href="tm2126680d1_ex5-1.htm">23.1</a></td><td><a href="tm2126680d1_ex5-1.htm">Consent of K&amp;L Gates LLP, counsel for Howmet Aerospace Inc. (included in Exhibit 5.1).</a></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 0.5in"><a href="tm2126680d1_ex99-1.htm">99.1</a></td><td style="text-align: justify"><a href="tm2126680d1_ex99-1.htm">Howmet Aerospace Inc. press release dated September 1, 2021.</a></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 0"></td><td style="width: 0.5in">104</td><td style="text-align: justify">The cover page of this Current Report on Form 8-K, formatted in Inline XBRL.</td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURE&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 27.5pt">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 27.5pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt">HOWMET AEROSPACE INC.</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td>&#160;</td>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Dated:&#160;&#160; September 1, 2021</span></td>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 1.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">HOWMET AEROSPACE INC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">$700,000,000 3.000% Notes due 2029</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Citigroup Global Markets Inc.<BR>
388 Greenwich Street<BR>
New York, New York 10013</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">200 West Street</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">New York, NY 10282</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">J.P. Morgan Securities LLC<BR>
383 Madison Avenue<BR>
New York, New York 10179</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">1585 Broadway</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">New York, New York 10036</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">August 18, 2021</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Introductory.</U> (a) Howmet Aerospace Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<B>Company</B>&rdquo;), proposes to issue and
sell to the several underwriters named in Schedule I hereto (the &ldquo;<B>Underwriters</B>&rdquo;), for whom you (the &ldquo;<B>Representatives</B>&rdquo;)
are acting as representative, an aggregate principal amount of $700,000,000 of its 3.000% notes due 2029 (the &ldquo;<B>Securities</B>&rdquo;),
to be issued under the indenture dated as of September&nbsp;30, 1993 (the &ldquo;<B>Original Indenture</B>&rdquo;), between the Company
and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (the &ldquo;<B>Trustee</B>&rdquo;), as successor to J.P. Morgan Trust
Company, National Association (formerly known as Chase Manhattan Trust Company, National Association), as supplemented by the first supplemental
indenture dated as of January&nbsp;25, 2007 between the Company and the Trustee, the second supplemental indenture dated as of July&nbsp;15,
2008 between the Company and the Trustee, the fourth supplemental indenture dated as of December 31, 2017 between the Company and the
Trustee and the fifth supplemental indenture dated as of April 16, 2020 between the Company and the Trustee (as so supplemented, the &ldquo;<B>Indenture</B>&rdquo;)
between the Company and the Trustee. Certain terms of the Securities will be established pursuant to an officers&rsquo; certificate pursuant
to Section 301 of the Indenture (the &ldquo;<B>Officers&rsquo; Certificate</B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>At or prior to the time when sales of the Securities were first made (the &ldquo;<B>Time of Sale</B>&rdquo;), the Company had prepared
the following information (collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Time of Sale Information</B>&rdquo;): the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement dated
August 18, 2021 and accompanying base prospectus dated April 16, 2020 (together, the &ldquo;<B>Preliminary Prospectus</B>&rdquo;), as
filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B>Commission</B>&rdquo;) thereunder (the &ldquo;<B>Act</B>&rdquo;), and each &ldquo;free writing
prospectus&rdquo; (as defined pursuant to Rule 405 under the Act) identified in Schedule II hereto, including the final term sheet filed
with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433 under the Act and attached hereto as Schedule III (the &ldquo;<B>Final Term Sheet</B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company acknowledges and agrees that each Underwriter is acting solely in the capacity of an arm&rsquo;s length contractual
counterparty to the Company with respect to the offering of Securities contemplated hereby (including in connection with determining the
terms of the offering) and not as a financial advisor or a fiduciary to, or an agent of, the Company or any other person. Additionally,
neither the Representatives nor any other Underwriter is advising the Company or any other person as to any legal, tax, investment, accounting
or regulatory matters in any jurisdiction. The Company shall consult with its own advisors concerning such matters and shall be responsible
for making its own independent investigation and appraisal of the transactions contemplated hereby, and the Underwriters shall have no
responsibility or liability to the Company with respect thereto. Any review by the Underwriters of the Company, the transactions contemplated
hereby or other matters relating to such transactions will be performed solely for the benefit of the Underwriters and shall not be on
behalf of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Representations and Warranties of the Company.</U> The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, each Underwriter
that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-237705), including a base prospectus relating to the Securities, has been filed
with the Commission and has become effective. Such registration statement, as amended to the date of this underwriting agreement (&ldquo;<B>Agreement</B>&rdquo;),
including any information deemed pursuant to Rule 430A, 430B or 430C under the Act to be part of the registration statement at the time
of its effectiveness, is hereinafter referred to as the &ldquo;<B>Registration Statement</B>&rdquo;, and the base prospectus relating
to the Securities, as supplemented to reflect the final terms of the Securities and the terms of offering thereof, as first filed with
the Commission pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 424(b) (&ldquo;<B>Rule 424(b)</B>&rdquo;) under the Act, is hereinafter referred
to as the &ldquo;<B>Prospectus</B>&rdquo;. Any reference in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus or
the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3
under the Act, as of the most recent effective date of the Registration Statement or the date of the Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus,
as the case may be, and any reference to &ldquo;amend&rdquo;, &ldquo;amendment&rdquo; or &ldquo;supplement&rdquo; with respect to the
Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include any documents filed after
such date under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively,
the &ldquo;<B>Exchange Act</B>&rdquo;) that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>On its effective date and on the Closing Date (as defined below), the Registration Statement conformed, and will conform, in all
respects to the requirements of the Act, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (&ldquo;<B>Trust Indenture Act</B>&rdquo;) and the rules and
regulations of the Commission (&ldquo;<B>Rules and Regulations</B>&rdquo;) and did not and will not include any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading,
and as of its date and on the Closing Date, the Prospectus will conform in all respects to the requirements of the Act and the Rules and
Regulations, and will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein
or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except that
the foregoing does not apply to statements in or omissions from any of such documents based upon the Underwriter Information (as defined
below).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>No order preventing or suspending the use of Preliminary Prospectus has been issued by the Commission, and the Preliminary Prospectus,
at the time of filing thereof, complied in all material respects with the Act and did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact
or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading, except that the foregoing does not apply to statements in or omissions from any of such documents based upon the
Underwriter Information (as defined below).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Time of Sale Information, at the Time of Sale did not, and at the Closing Date will not, contain any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under
which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation and warranty with respect to any statements or
omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by
such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in such Time of Sale Information, it being understood and agreed that the
only such information consists of the following (collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Underwriter Information</B>&rdquo;): the statements concerning
the Underwriters contained in paragraphs 7 and 8 under the caption &ldquo;Underwriting&rdquo; in the Preliminary Prospectus, and, with
respect to each Underwriter, such Underwriter&rsquo;s name as it appears on the cover of the Preliminary Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Underwriters in their capacity as such) has not prepared,
made, used, authorized, approved or referred to and will not prepare, make, use, authorize, approve or refer to any &ldquo;written communication&rdquo;
(as defined in Rule 405 under the Act) that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of any offer to buy the Securities (each such
communication by the Company or its agents and representatives (other than a communication referred to in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii)
below), an &ldquo;<B>Issuer Free Writing Prospectus</B>&rdquo;) other than (i)&nbsp;any document not constituting a prospectus pursuant
to Section 2(a)(10)(a) of the Act or Rule 134 under the Act, (ii)&nbsp;the Preliminary Prospectus, (iii)&nbsp;the Prospectus, (iv)&nbsp;the
documents listed in Schedule II hereto, and (v)&nbsp;any electronic roadshow or other written communications, in each case, approved in
writing in advance by the Representatives. Each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus complied in all material respects with the Act, has
been or will be (within the time period specified in Rule 433) filed in accordance with the Act (to the extent required thereby) and,
when taken together with the Preliminary Prospectus accompanying, or delivered prior to delivery of, such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus,
did not, and at the Closing Date will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the
Company makes no representation and warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus
in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information. The Investor Presentation dated August 2021 (the &ldquo;<B>Investor
Presentation</B>&rdquo;), when taken together with the Preliminary Prospectus did not, and at the Closing Date will not, contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company will not prepare, make, use, authorize, approve
or refer to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that does not satisfy the conditions of Rule 164(e)(2) under the Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The financial statements and the related notes thereto, included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus, present fairly the consolidated financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of the dates indicated
and the results of their operations and the changes in their consolidated cash flows for the periods specified; and said financial statements
have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (&ldquo;<B>GAAP</B>&rdquo;) applied
on a consistent basis, and the supporting schedules included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement present fairly
the information required to be stated therein. The statistical and market related data and forward looking statements included in the
Time of Sale Information are based on or derived from sources that the Company believes to be reliable and accurate in all material respects
and represent good faith estimates that are made on the basis of data derived from such sources.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Within the past three years, neither the Company nor any of its significant subsidiaries (as such term is defined in Rule 405 of
the Act) nor, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any director, officer, or employee of the Company or of any of its significant subsidiaries,
has taken any action, when acting on behalf of the Company or such significant subsidiaries, that would result in a material violation
of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the &ldquo;<B>FCPA</B>&rdquo;), the
U.K. Bribery Act of 2010 (the &ldquo;<B>Bribery Act</B>&rdquo;), any applicable law or regulation implementing the OECD Convention on
Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (the &ldquo;<B>OECD Convention</B>&rdquo;) or other
applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption laws, including, without limitation, making use of the mails or any means or instrumentality
of interstate commerce corruptly in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization or approval of the payment or giving
of money, property, gifts or anything else of value, directly or indirectly, to any &ldquo;foreign official&rdquo; (as such term is defined
in the FCPA) (including any foreign political party or official thereof or any candidate for foreign political office) in contravention
of the FCPA, the Bribery Act, the OECD Convention or other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption laws; and except as otherwise disclosed
in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company and its significant subsidiaries have instituted and maintain policies and
procedures designed to promote and achieve compliance therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company, the operations of the Company and its significant subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in material
compliance with all applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including, to the extent applicable, those of the Bank
Secrecy Act, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and
Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (&ldquo;<B>USA Patriot Act</B>&rdquo;), and the applicable anti-money laundering statutes of jurisdictions
where the Company and its significant subsidiaries conduct business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules,
regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency in such jurisdictions (collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Anti-Money
Laundering Laws</B>&rdquo;), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any
arbitrator involving the Company or any of its significant subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or,
to the best knowledge of the Company, threatened, except for any noncompliance or action, suit or proceeding that will not individually
or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the ability of the Underwriters to sell the Securities in the manner contemplated
by the Prospectus or on the consolidated financial position, shareholders&rsquo; equity or results of operations of the Company and its
subsidiaries taken as a whole.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>(i) Neither the Company nor any of its significant subsidiaries, nor any director or officer thereof, nor, to the Company&rsquo;s
knowledge, any employee of the Company or any of its significant subsidiaries, is an individual or entity (&ldquo;<B>Person</B>&rdquo;)
that is:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-indent: 1in">(A)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury&rsquo;s Office of Foreign Assets Control
(&ldquo;<B>OFAC</B>&rdquo;) or Her Majesty&rsquo;s Treasury (&ldquo;<B>HMT</B>&rdquo;) (collectively, &ldquo;<B>Sanctions</B>&rdquo;),</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-indent: 1in">(B)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>located, organized or resident in a country or territory (as of the date hereof, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria) that
is the subject of Sanctions that broadly restrict or prohibit dealings with that country or territory, nor</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-indent: 1in">(C)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>a Person with whom dealings are restricted or prohibited by Sanctions as a result of a relationship of ownership or control with
a Person identified in (A) or (B).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company will not, directly or, to the knowledge of the Company, indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute
or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person to fund or facilitate any activities
or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of
Sanctions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(j)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>No stamp, documentary, issuance, registration, transfer, withholding, capital gains, income or other taxes or duties (except any
such taxes or duties that would not have been required to be made but for a connection between any Underwriter and the United States of
America, and any political subdivision of the foregoing, other than a connection arising solely as a result of the transactions contemplated
hereunder) are payable by or on behalf of the Underwriters or the Company in the United States of America, and any political subdivision
of the foregoing in connection with (i) the execution, delivery or consummation of this Agreement, (ii) the creation, allotment and issuance
of the Securities, (iii) the sale and delivery of the Securities to the Underwriters or purchasers procured by the Underwriters or (iv)
the resale and delivery of the Securities by the Underwriters in the manner contemplated herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(k)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>There has not occurred any material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business or operations
of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, from that set forth in the Time of Sale Information provided to prospective purchasers
of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(l)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in each of the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus,
(i) the Company and its subsidiaries have not incurred any material liability or obligation, direct or contingent, nor entered into any
material transaction; (ii) the Company has not purchased any of its outstanding capital stock, nor declared, paid or otherwise made any
dividend or distribution of any kind on its capital stock other than ordinary and customary dividends; and (iii) there has not been any
material change in the capital stock, short term debt or long term debt of the Company and its subsidiaries, except in each case as described
in each of the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(m)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Each of the Company and its significant subsidiaries (i) has been duly organized, is validly existing and is in good standing (or
equivalent concept) under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization or formation, and has the power and authority to own its property
and to conduct its business as described in the Time of Sale Information; and (ii) is duly qualified to transact business and is in good
standing (or equivalent concept) in each jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property requires
such qualification, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing (or equivalent concept) would not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (as defined below) or a material adverse
effect on the issuance and delivery of the Securities. For the purposes of this Agreement, a &ldquo;<B>Material Adverse Effect</B>&rdquo;
means a materially adverse effect on the business, assets, operations or financial condition of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken
as a whole, or on the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement and the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(n)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Indenture has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and constitutes a valid and legally binding agreement
of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by (i) any applicable
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance or transfer or other laws relating to or affecting creditors&rsquo;
rights generally, (ii) general principles of equity (regardless of whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity
or at law) and (iii) the effect of judicial application of foreign laws or foreign governmental actions affecting creditors&rsquo; rights
(collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Enforceability Exceptions</B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(o)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Officers&rsquo; Certificate has been duly authorized and will be duly executed and delivered by the Company by the Closing
Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(p)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Securities have been duly authorized by the Company and, when duly executed, authenticated, issued and delivered as provided
in the Indenture and the Officers&rsquo; Certificate and paid for as provided herein, will be duly and validly issued and outstanding
and will constitute valid and legally binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms,
subject to the Enforceability Exceptions, and will be entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(q)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(r)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Neither the Company nor any of its significant subsidiaries is (i) in violation of its charter, bylaws or other constitutive document
or (ii) in default (or, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, would be in default) (&ldquo;<B>Default</B>&rdquo;) under any indenture,
mortgage, loan or credit agreement, note, contract, franchise, lease or other instrument to which the Company or any of its significant
subsidiaries is a party or by which it or any of them may be bound, or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of
its significant subsidiaries is subject (each, an &ldquo;<B>Existing Instrument</B>&rdquo;), except, in the case of clause (ii) above,
for such Defaults, as applicable, as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
Effect. The issuance and delivery of the Securities (i) will not result in any violation of the provisions of the charter, bylaws or other
constitutive document of the Company or any significant subsidiary, (ii) will not conflict with or constitute a breach of, or Default
or a Debt Repayment Triggering Event (as defined below) under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance
upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its significant subsidiaries pursuant to, or require the consent of any other party
to, any Existing Instrument and (iii) will not result in any violation of any law, administrative regulation or administrative or court
decree applicable to the Company or any significant subsidiary, except in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for such conflicts,
breaches, Defaults, liens, charges, encumbrances or violations as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to result in a Material Adverse Effect or a material adverse effect on the issuance and delivery of the Securities. As used herein, a
 &ldquo;<B>Debt Repayment Triggering Event</B>&rdquo; means any event or condition which gives, or with the giving of notice or lapse of
time would give, the holder of any note, debenture or other evidence of indebtedness (or any person acting on such holder&rsquo;s behalf)
the right to require the repurchase, redemption or repayment of all or a portion of such indebtedness by the Company or any of its subsidiaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(s)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>No consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or registration or filing with, any court or other governmental or regulatory
authority or agency is required for the issuance and delivery of the Securities except for (i) those that have been obtained or made by
the Company and are in full force and effect under the Securities Act or applicable securities laws of the several states of the United
States and (ii) those that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or a
material adverse effect on the issuance and delivery of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(t)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Other than proceedings accurately described in all material respects in the Time of Sale Information, there are no legal or governmental
proceedings pending or, to the best of the knowledge of the Company, threatened to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party
or to which any of the properties of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject that would reasonably be expected, individually
or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect or a material adverse effect on the issuance and delivery of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(u)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, which expressed its opinion with respect to the financial statements (which term as used in this Agreement
includes the related notes thereto) and supporting schedules included in the Time of Sale Information, are independent public or certified
public accountants within the meaning of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(v)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company and its significant subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple (or the equivalent in foreign jurisdictions)
to all real property and good and marketable title to all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company
and its significant subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects except such as (i) are described
in the Time of Sale Information, (ii) arise as a matter of law or (iii) do not materially affect the value of such property and do not
interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its significant subsidiaries. Any real property
and buildings held under lease by the Company and its significant subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable
leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings
by the Company and its significant subsidiaries, in each case except as described in the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(w)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company is not, and after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Securities, and the application of the proceeds thereof
as described in the Time of Sale Information and Prospectus, will not be, required to register as an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo;
as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Investment Company Act</B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(x)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Except as disclosed in the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus: (i)(A) each of the Company and its subsidiaries, and their
respective operations and facilities, are in compliance with, and not subject to any known liabilities under, applicable Environmental
Laws (as defined below), which compliance includes, without limitation, having obtained and being in compliance with any permits, licenses
or other governmental authorizations or approvals, and having made all filings and provided all financial assurances and notices, required
for the ownership and operation of the business, properties and facilities of the Company or its subsidiaries under applicable Environmental
Laws, and compliance with the terms and conditions thereof; (B) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any written
communication, whether from a governmental authority, citizens group, employee or otherwise, that alleges that the Company or any of its
subsidiaries is in violation of any Environmental Law; (C) there is no claim, action or cause of action filed with a court or governmental
authority, no investigation with respect to which the Company has received written notice, and no written notice by any person or entity
alleging actual or potential liability on the part of the Company or any of its subsidiaries based on or pursuant to any Environmental
Law pending or, to the best of the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, threatened against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any person
or entity whose liability under or pursuant to any Environmental Law the Company or any of its subsidiaries has retained or assumed either
contractually or by operation of law; (D) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is conducting or paying for, in whole or in
part, any investigation, response or other corrective action pursuant to any Environmental Law at any site or facility, nor is any of
them subject or a party to any order, judgment, decree, contract or agreement which imposes any obligation or liability under any Environmental
Law; (E) to the knowledge of the Company, no lien, charge, encumbrance or restriction has been recorded pursuant to any Environmental
Law with respect to any assets, facility or property owned, operated or leased by the Company or any of its subsidiaries; and (F) to the
knowledge of the Company, there are no past or present actions, activities, circumstances, conditions or occurrences, including, without
limitation, the Emission (as defined below) or threatened Emission of any Material of Environmental Concern (as defined below), that could
reasonably be expected to result in a violation of or liability under any Environmental Law on the part of the Company or any of its subsidiaries,
including without limitation, any such liability which the Company or any of its subsidiaries has retained or assumed either contractually
or by operation of law, other than, in the cases (A) through (F), for matters that would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material
Adverse Effect; and (ii) none of the Company or its subsidiaries is aware of any facts or issues relating to compliance with Environmental
Law that would reasonably be expected to have a material effect on their capital expenditures, earnings or the competitive position, and
there are no proceedings that are pending against the Company or its subsidiaries to which a governmental entity is also a party, other
than such proceedings as to which the Company reasonably believes that no monetary sanctions of $300,000 or more will be imposed. For
purposes of this Agreement, &ldquo;<B>Environment</B>&rdquo; means ambient air, indoor air, surface water, groundwater, drinking water,
soil, surface and subsurface strata, and natural resources such as wetlands, flora and fauna. &ldquo;<B>Environmental Laws</B>&rdquo;
means the common law and all federal, state, local and foreign laws or regulations, ordinances, codes, orders, decrees, judgments and
injunctions issued, promulgated or entered thereunder, relating to pollution or protection of the Environment or human health, including
without limitation, those relating to (i) the Emission or threatened Emission of Materials of Environmental Concern; and (ii) the manufacture,
processing, distribution, use, generation, treatment, storage, transport, handling or recycling of Materials of Environmental Concern.
 &ldquo;<B>Materials of Environmental Concern</B>&rdquo; means any substance, material, pollutant, contaminant, chemical, waste, compound,
or constituent, in any form, including without limitation, petroleum and petroleum products, subject to regulation or which can give rise
to liability under any Environmental Law. &ldquo;<B>Emission</B>&rdquo; means any release, spill, emission, discharge, deposit, disposal,
leaking, pumping, pouring, dumping, emptying, injection or leaching into the Environment, or into, from or through any building, structure
or facility.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(y)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its subsidiaries and any &ldquo;employee
benefit plan&rdquo; (as defined under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 as amended, &ldquo;<B>ERISA,</B>&rdquo; which
term, as used herein, includes the regulations and published interpretations thereunder) established or maintained by the Company and
its subsidiaries or their &ldquo;ERISA Affiliates&rdquo; (as defined below) are in compliance in all material respects with ERISA, to
the extent applicable. &ldquo;<B>ERISA Affiliate</B>&rdquo; means, with respect to the Company or a subsidiary of the Company, any member
of any group of organizations described in Section 414 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended, the &ldquo;Code,&rdquo; which
term, as used herein, includes the regulations and published interpretations thereunder) of which the Company or such subsidiary is a
member. Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, no &ldquo;reportable event&rdquo; (as defined
under ERISA) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur with respect to any &ldquo;employee benefit plan&rdquo; established or maintained
by the Company, its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates. Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material
Adverse Effect, no &ldquo;employee benefit plan&rdquo; established or maintained by the Company or its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA
Affiliates, if such &ldquo;employee benefit plan&rdquo; were terminated, would have any &ldquo;amount of unfunded benefit liabilities&rdquo;
(as defined under ERISA). Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, neither the Company nor its
subsidiaries nor any of their ERISA Affiliates has incurred or reasonably expects to incur any liability under (i) Title IV of ERISA with
respect to termination of, or withdrawal from, any &ldquo;employee benefit plan&rdquo; or (ii) Sections 412, 4971, 4975 or 4980B of the
Code. Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, each &ldquo;employee benefit plan&rdquo; established
or maintained by the Company or its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates that is intended to be qualified under Section 401 of
the Code is so qualified and nothing has occurred, whether by action or failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(z)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect, the information technology assets, equipment,
systems, networks, software and hardware and the computers, websites, applications and databases of the Company and its subsidiaries (collectively,
 &ldquo;<B>IT Systems</B>&rdquo;) are adequate for the operation of the business of the Company and its significant subsidiaries as currently
conducted, and, to the best of the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, are free and clear of all bugs, errors, defects, Trojan horses, time bombs,
malware and other corruptants. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) the Company and
its significant subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable policies, procedures and safeguards to maintain and
protect their confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and data, including
all personal and personally identifiable data (together, &ldquo;<B>Personal Data</B>&rdquo;) and sensitive and confidential data, in connection
with their businesses, and (ii) there have been, to the best of the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, no breaches, violations or unauthorized
uses of or accesses to same, except for those that have been remedied. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its significant subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable
laws or statutes and all applicable judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory
authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Personal Data collected
by the Company or its significant subsidiaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(aa)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company has not taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might be reasonably expected to cause or result
in stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(bb)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Neither the Company nor any agent thereof acting on its behalf has taken, and none of them will take, any action that might cause
this Agreement or the issuance or sale of the Securities to violate Regulation T, Regulation U or Regulation X of the Board of Governors
of the Federal Reserve System.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(cc)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company and each of its subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance
that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded
as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access
to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorization and (iv) the recorded accountability
for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.
There has been no material weakness in the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) that
has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company&rsquo;s internal control over financial reporting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(dd)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company and its subsidiaries employ disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange
Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under
the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission&rsquo;s rules and
forms, and is accumulated and communicated to the Company&rsquo;s management, including its chief executive officer or officers and chief
financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(ee)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company is in compliance in all material respects with all applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the
rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated in connection therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(ff)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company and its subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns required to be filed or have requested
extensions of the filing deadlines therefor, except in any case where the failure to so file could not reasonably be expected, individually
or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect; the Company and its subsidiaries have paid all federal, state, local and foreign
taxes required to be paid through the date hereof, except any such taxes that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings
and for which the Company, to the extent required by GAAP, has set aside on its books adequate reserves, except where the failure to pay
such taxes could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Purchase, Offering and Delivery.</U> (a) The Company hereby agrees to sell to the several Underwriters, and each Underwriter,
upon the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained, but subject to the conditions hereinafter stated, agrees, severally
and not jointly, to purchase from the Company the respective amounts of Securities set forth opposite such Underwriter&rsquo;s name in
Schedule I hereto at a purchase price of 99.000% of the principal amount of the Securities, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any,
from September 1, 2021 to the Closing Date (as defined below).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Representatives have advised the Company that the Underwriters propose to make a public offering of their respective portions
of the Securities as soon after this Agreement has become effective as in the judgment of the Representatives is advisable. The Company
acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriters may offer and sell Securities to or through any affiliate of an Underwriter and that such
affiliate may offer and sell Securities purchased by it to or through any Underwriter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Payment for the Securities shall be made to the Company in Federal or other funds immediately available in New York City against
delivery of such Securities for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters at 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on September 1,
2021, or such other time and date as the Representatives and the Company may agree upon in writing (such date and time of delivery and
payment being herein called the &ldquo;<B>Closing Date</B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Delivery of the Securities shall be made through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company (&ldquo;<B>DTC</B>&rdquo;) and
shall be in global form and deposited with the Trustee as custodian for DTC and registered in the name of Cede &amp; Co., as nominee for
DTC, unless the Representatives shall otherwise instruct.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">4.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Covenants of the Company.</U> The Company covenants and agrees with the several Underwriters that in connection with the offering
of the Securities:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company will file any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (including the Final Term Sheet) to the extent required by Rule 433 under
the Act and will file the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 424(b)
not later than the time required by such rules.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Prior to the Closing Date, the Company will advise the Representatives promptly of any proposal to prepare, use, authorize, approve,
refer to or file any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or the Prospectus and will afford
the Representatives a reasonable opportunity to comment on any such proposed Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or amendment or supplement
and the Company will also advise the Representatives promptly of any use, authorization, approval, reference to or filing of any Issuer
Free Writing Prospectus, the filing of any such amendment or supplement and of the institution by the Commission of any stop order proceedings
or any proceedings pursuant to Section 8A of the Act in respect of the Registration Statement or of any parts thereof and will use its
best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such stop order and to obtain as soon as possible its lifting, if issued. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the Company will not prepare, make, use, authorize, approve or refer to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that does not
satisfy the conditions of Rule 164(e)(2) under the Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>(1)&nbsp;If, at any time when a prospectus relating to the Securities is required to be delivered under the Act, or required to
be delivered but for Rule 172 under the Act (the &ldquo;<B>Prospectus Delivery Period</B>&rdquo;), any event occurs as a result of which
the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact
necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or if it is necessary
at any time to amend the Prospectus to comply with the Act, the Company promptly will prepare and file with the Commission an amendment
or supplement which will correct such statement or omission or an amendment which will effect such compliance and (2)&nbsp;if at any time
prior to the Closing Date (i)&nbsp;any event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which the Time of Sale Information as
then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order
to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances, not misleading or (ii)&nbsp;it is necessary to amend or supplement
the Time of Sale Information to comply with law, the Company will immediately notify the Underwriters thereof and forthwith prepare and,
subject to paragraph (b) above, file with the Commission (to the extent required) and furnish to the Underwriters and to such dealers
as the Representatives may designate, such amendments or supplements to the Time of Sale Information as may be necessary so that the statements
in the Time of Sale Information as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances, be misleading or so that the
Time of Sale Information will comply with law. Neither the Representatives&rsquo; consent to, nor the Underwriters&rsquo; delivery of,
any such amendment or supplement shall constitute a waiver of any of the conditions set forth in Section 5.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>As soon as practicable, but not later than 16 months after the date of this Agreement, the Company will make generally available
to its security-holders an earnings statement covering a period of at least 12 months beginning after the later of (i)&nbsp;the effective
date of the Registration Statement, (ii)&nbsp;the effective date of the most recent post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement
and (iii)&nbsp;the date of the Company&rsquo;s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission prior to the date of this
Agreement, which will satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company will furnish to the Representatives copies of the Registration Statement, including all exhibits, any prospectus, any
related preliminary prospectus supplement, any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Time of Sale Information, the Prospectus and
all amendments and supplements to such documents, in each case as soon as available and in such quantities as are reasonably requested.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company will arrange for the qualification of the Securities and the determination of their eligibility for investment under
the laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives designate and will continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for
the distribution, provided that the Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to take any action that would
subject it to general service of process in any such jurisdiction where it is not presently qualified or where it would be subject to
taxation as a foreign corporation in a jurisdiction where it is not presently subject to taxation as a foreign corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement and will reimburse the Underwriters
for any expenses (including reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel) incurred by them in connection with qualification of the Securities
for sale and determination of their eligibility for investment under the laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives may designate
and the printing of memoranda relating thereto, for the filing fee, if any, of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority relating to
the Securities and for expenses incurred in distributing the Prospectus, the Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus
and any Time of Sale Information to the Underwriters.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company shall pay, and shall indemnify and hold the Underwriters harmless against, any stamp or other issuance or transfer
taxes that are payable in connection with (i) the execution, delivery, consummation or enforcement of this Agreement, (ii) the creation,
allotment and issuance of the Securities, (iii) the sale and delivery of the Securities to the Underwriters or purchasers procured by
the Underwriters or (iv) the resale and delivery of the Securities by the Underwriters in the manner contemplated herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company hereby agrees that, without the prior written consent of the Representatives on behalf of the Underwriters, it will
not, during the period beginning on the date hereof and ending on the Closing Date, offer, sell, contract to sell or otherwise dispose
of any securities issued or guaranteed by the Company (other than pursuant to director or employee stock or other benefit plans existing
or the conversion of convertible securities outstanding on the date hereof) which are substantially similar to its United States dollar-denominated
debt securities having a maturity of more than one year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(j)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company will, pursuant to reasonable procedures developed in good faith, retain copies of each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus
that is not filed with the Commission in accordance with Rule 433 under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company will assist the Underwriters in arranging for the Securities to be eligible for clearance and settlement through DTC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">5.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Conditions of the Obligations of the Underwriters.</U> The obligations of the several Underwriters to purchase and pay for the
Securities will be subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company herein on and as of the Time
of Sale and on and as of the Closing Date as if made on the Closing Date, to the accuracy of the statements of Company officers made pursuant
to the provisions hereof, to the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and to the following additional conditions precedent:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Representatives shall have received a letter, dated as of the date of this Agreement, of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, in form
and substance satisfactory to the Representatives, containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountants&rsquo;
 &ldquo;comfort letters&rdquo; to underwriters with respect to the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries included or
incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (if required by Rule 433 under the Act) shall have been filed with the Commission
in accordance with the Rules and Regulations and Section 4(a) of this Agreement. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration
Statement or of any parts thereof shall have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A under the Act shall
have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Underwriter, shall be contemplated by the Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Subsequent to the earlier of (A)&nbsp;the Time of Sale and (B)&nbsp;the execution of this Agreement, there shall not have occurred
(i)&nbsp;any change, or any development or event involving a prospective change, in or affecting particularly the business or properties
of the Company, or its subsidiaries which, in the judgment of the Representatives, materially impairs the investment quality of the Securities;
(ii)&nbsp;any downgrading in the rating of any debt securities of the Company by any &ldquo;nationally recognized statistical rating organization&rdquo;
(as defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act), or any public announcement that any such organization has under surveillance or
review its rating of any debt securities of the Company (other than an announcement with positive implications of a possible upgrading,
and no implication of a possible downgrading, of such rating); (iii)&nbsp;any suspension or limitation of trading in securities generally
on the New York Stock Exchange, or the setting of minimum prices for trading on such exchange, or any suspension of trading of any securities
of the Company on such exchange or in the over-the-counter market; (iv)&nbsp;any banking moratorium declared by Federal or New York authorities;
or (v)&nbsp;any outbreak or escalation of major hostilities in which the United States is involved, any declaration of war by Congress
or any other substantial national or international calamity or emergency that, in the reasonable judgment of the Representatives, the
effect of any such outbreak, escalation, declaration, calamity or emergency makes it impractical or inadvisable to proceed with completion
of the sale of and payment for the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Representatives shall have received an opinion or opinions, dated the Closing Date, of K&amp;L Gates LLP, Pennsylvania counsel
for the Company, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Representatives shall have received an opinion and 10b-5 statement, each dated the Closing Date, of Cleary Gottlieb Steen &amp;
Hamilton LLP, special counsel for the Company, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Representatives shall have received from Cravath, Swaine &amp; Moore LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, such opinion and 10b-5
statement, each dated the Closing Date, with respect to the incorporation of the Company, the validity of the Securities, the Registration
Statement, the Time of Sale Information, the Prospectus and other related matters as they may require, and the Company shall have furnished
to such counsel such documents as they request for the purpose of enabling them to pass upon such matters. In rendering such opinion,
Cravath, Swaine &amp; Moore LLP may rely as to matters governed by Pennsylvania law, upon the opinions referred to in subsection (d) of
this Section.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Representatives shall have received a certificate, dated the Closing Date, of the Chairman of the Board, President or any Vice-President
and a principal financial or accounting officer of the Company in which such officers, to the best of their knowledge after reasonable
investigation, shall state that the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct, that the Company
has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing
Date, that no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of any parts thereof has been issued and no proceedings
for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Act have been instituted or are contemplated by the Commission and that, subsequent
to the date of the most recent financial statements in the Prospectus, there has been no material adverse change in the financial position
or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries considered in the aggregate, except as set forth in or contemplated by the
Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Representatives shall have received a certificate, dated the date hereof and the Closing Date, of the chief financial officer
of the Company with respect to certain financial data contained in the Time of Sale Information and the Prospectus, in form and substance
reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Representatives shall have received a letter, dated the Closing Date, of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, in form and substance
satisfactory to the Underwriters, which reconfirms the matters set forth in their letter delivered pursuant to subsection (a)&nbsp;of
this Section and covers any additional financial information included in the Prospectus (which is not covered by their letter delivered
pursuant to subsection (a) of this Section).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(j)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Securities shall be eligible for clearance and settlement through DTC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">The Company will furnish the Representatives with
such conformed copies of such opinions, certificates, letters and documents they reasonably request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">6.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Indemnification and Contribution.</U> (a) The Company will indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter against any losses,
claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which such Underwriter may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as
such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (i)&nbsp;any untrue statement
or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in the Registration Statement or arise out of or are based upon the omission
or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading,
or (ii)&nbsp;any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Investor Presentation, the Prospectus
(or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Time of Sale Information, or caused by any omission
or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading; and will reimburse each Underwriter for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by
such Underwriter in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action as such expenses are
incurred; provided, however, that the Company will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability
arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement in or omission or alleged omission from any of such documents
in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, will indemnify and hold harmless the Company against any losses, claims, damages or
liabilities to which the Company may become subject, under the Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities
(or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (i)&nbsp;any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of any material
fact contained in the Registration Statement, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or the alleged omission to state therein
a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or (ii)&nbsp;any untrue statement
or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus or any Time of Sale Information, or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in
order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in each case to the extent,
but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in reliance upon
and in conformity with the Underwriter Information, and will reimburse any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company
in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action as such expenses are incurred.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified
party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under subsection (a) or (b) above, notify the indemnifying
party of the commencement thereof; but the omission so to notify the indemnifying party will not relieve it from any liability which it
may have to any indemnified party otherwise than under subsection (a) or (b) above. In case any such action is brought against any indemnified
party and it notifies the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate therein
and, to the extent that it may wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with
counsel satisfactory to such indemnified party (who shall not, except with the consent of the indemnified party, be counsel to the indemnifying
party), and after notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of its election so to assume the defense thereof, the indemnifying
party will not be liable to such indemnified party under this Section for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified
party in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of investigation; provided, however, if the defendants in any
such action include both the indemnified party and the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have reasonably concluded that
actual conflicts of interest exist between the positions of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party in conducting the defense
of any such action or that there are legal defenses relating to a material aspect of such action available to it or other indemnified
parties that are different from or additional to those available to the indemnifying party, the indemnified party or parties shall have
the right to control, and otherwise participate in, the defense of such action and the indemnifying party will reimburse any legal or
other expenses reasonably incurred by the indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending such action as such expenses
are incurred. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, no indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified
party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a
party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release
of such indemnified party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding and does not include any statements
as to or any findings of fault, culpability or failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>If recovery is not available under the foregoing indemnification provisions of this Section, for any reason other than as specified
therein, the parties entitled to indemnification by the terms thereof shall be entitled to contribution to liabilities and expenses, except
to the extent that contribution is not permitted under Section 11(f) of the Act. Each indemnifying party shall contribute to the amount
paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to in subsection (a) or (b)
above (i)&nbsp;in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters
on the other from the offering of the Securities or (ii)&nbsp;if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable
law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative
fault of the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in
such losses, claims, damages or liabilities as well as any other equitable considerations appropriate under the circumstances. The relative
benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the
total net proceeds from the offering (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total underwriting discounts and
commissions received by the Underwriters. The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue
or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied
by the Company or the Underwriters and the parties&rsquo; relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct
or prevent such untrue statement or omission. The amount paid by an indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities
referred to in the second sentence of this subsection (d) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by
such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any action or claim which is the subject of this subsection (d).
Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection (d), no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount
by which the total price at which the Securities underwritten by it and distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the
amount of any damages which such Underwriter and its controlling persons have otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue
or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. The Underwriters&rsquo; obligations to contribute are several in proportion
to their respective underwriting obligations and not joint.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The obligations of the Company under this Section shall be in addition to any liability which the Company may otherwise have and
shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each affiliate and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning
of the Act; and the obligations of the Underwriters under this Section shall be in addition to any liability which the respective Underwriters
may otherwise have and shall extend, upon the same terms and conditions, to each director of the Company, to each officer of the Company
who has signed any of the Registration Statements or any parts thereof and to each person, if any, who controls the Company within the
meaning of the Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">7.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Default of Underwriters.</U> If any Underwriter or Underwriters default in their obligations to purchase Securities under this
Agreement on the Closing Date and the principal amount of Securities which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed
to purchase does not exceed 10% of the total principal amount of the Securities to be purchased on such date, the Representatives may
make arrangements satisfactory to the Company for the purchase of such Securities by other persons, including any of the Underwriters,
but if no such arrangements are made by the Closing Date, the non-defaulting Underwriters shall be obligated severally, in proportion
to their respective commitments under this Agreement, to purchase the Securities that such defaulting Underwriters agreed but failed to
purchase. If any Underwriter or Underwriters so default and the principal amount of the Securities with respect to which such default
or defaults occur exceeds 10% of the total principal amount of the Securities to be purchased on such date and arrangements satisfactory
to the Representatives and the Company for the purchase of such Securities by other persons are not made within 36 hours after such default,
this Agreement will terminate without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter or the Company, except as provided in Section
8. In all other cases, unless otherwise specified in this Agreement, if any Underwriter or Underwriters default in their obligations to
purchase Securities under the terms of this Agreement and arrangements satisfactory to the Representatives and the Company for the purchase
of such Securities by other persons are not made within 36 hours after such default, this Agreement will terminate without liability on
the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter or the Company, except as provided in Section 8. As used in this Agreement, the term &ldquo;Underwriter&rdquo;
includes any person substituted for an Underwriter under this Section. Nothing herein will relieve a defaulting Underwriter from liability
for its default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">8.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Survival of Certain Representations and Obligations.</U> The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties
and other statements of the Company or its officers and of the several Underwriters set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will
remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation, or statement as to the results thereof, made by or on behalf of any
Underwriter, the Company or any of their respective representatives, officers or directors or any controlling person and will survive
delivery of and payment for the Securities. If for any reason the purchase of the Securities by the Underwriters under this Agreement
is not consummated, the Company shall remain responsible for the expenses (including amounts with respect to Section 4(h)), to be paid
or reimbursed by it pursuant to Section 4 and the respective obligations of the Company and the Underwriters pursuant to Section 6 shall
remain in effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">9.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Certain Agreements of the Underwriters.</U> Each Underwriter hereby represents and agrees that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>It has not and will not use, authorize use of, refer to, or participate in the planning for use of, any &ldquo;free writing prospectus&rdquo;,
as defined in Rule 405 under the Act (which term includes use of any written information furnished to the Commission by the Company and
not incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and any press release issued by the Company), other than (i)&nbsp;a free
writing prospectus that contains no &ldquo;issuer information&rdquo; (as defined in Rule 433(h)(2) under the Securities Act) that was
not included (including through incorporation by reference) in the Preliminary Prospectus or a previously filed Issuer Free Writing Prospectus,
(ii)&nbsp;the Final Term Sheet or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus prepared pursuant to Section 1(b) or Section 4(c) above (including
any electronic road show) or (iii)&nbsp;any free writing prospectus prepared by such Underwriter and approved by the Company in advance
in writing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Underwriters may use a term sheet, substantially in the form of the Final Term Sheet attached
in Schedule III hereto, without the consent of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>It is not subject to any pending proceeding under Section 8A of the Act with respect to the offering (and will promptly notify
the Company if any such proceeding against it is initiated during the Prospectus Delivery Period).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>It will, pursuant to reasonable procedures developed in good faith, retain copies of each free writing prospectus used or referred
to by it, in accordance with Rule 433 under the Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">10.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Amendments or Waivers</U><I>.</I> No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement, nor any consent or approval to
any departure therefrom, shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the parties to be bound thereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">11.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Waiver of Jury Trial</U>. Each of the parties hereto hereby waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any right
to trial by jury in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">12.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Notices.</U> All communications hereunder will be in writing and, if sent to the Underwriters, will be mailed, delivered or
telecopied and confirmed to the Representatives at: Citigroup Global Markets Inc., 388 Greenwich Street, New York, New York, 10013, Attention:
General Counsel, Facsimile: (646) 291-1469; Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC, 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282, Attention: Registration
Department; J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, 383 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10179, Attention: Investment Grade Syndicate Desk &ndash;
3rd floor, Facsimile: (212) 834-6081; and Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC, 1585 Broadway, New York, New York 10036, Attention: High Yield
Syndicate Desk, with a copy to the Legal Department. Notice to the Company will be mailed, delivered or telecopied and confirmed to it
at Howmet Aerospace Inc., 201 Isabella Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, Attn: Ramon Ceron, Vice President and Treasurer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">13.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Successors.</U> This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and the Underwriters and their respective
successors and the officers and directors and controlling persons referred to in Section 6, and no other person will have any right or
obligation hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">14.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Applicable Law.</U> This Agreement and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related hereto shall be governed by,
and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">15.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Counterparts.</U> This Agreement may be signed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same
effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument. The words &ldquo;execution,&rdquo; &ldquo;signed,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;signature,&rdquo; &ldquo;delivery&rdquo; and words of like import in or relating to this Agreement or any document to be signed
in connection with this Agreement shall be deemed to include electronic signatures complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000 or
the New York Electronic Signature and Records Act or deliveries or the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of
the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually executed signature, physical delivery thereof or the use of a paper-based
recordkeeping system, as the case may be, and the parties hereto consent to conduct the transactions contemplated hereunder by electronic
means.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">16.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Headings.</U> The headings of the sections of this Agreement have been inserted for convenience of reference only and shall
not be deemed a part of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">17.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Submission to Jurisdiction</U>. The parties hereto irrevocably submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of any New York State or
United States Federal court sitting in The City of New York over any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement,
the Prospectus or the offering of the Securities (each, a &ldquo;<B>Related Proceeding</B>&rdquo;). The parties hereto irrevocably waive,
to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection which they may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any Related Proceeding
brought in such a court and any claim that any such Related Proceeding brought in such a court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">18.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes</U>. (a) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity becomes
subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from such Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest
and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special
Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of
the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate of such Underwriter becomes subject to a proceeding
under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Underwriter are permitted
to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement
were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>As used in this Section 18, &ldquo;<B>BHC Act Affiliate</B>&rdquo; has the meaning assigned to the term &ldquo;affiliate&rdquo;
in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. &sect; 1841(k); &ldquo;<B>Covered Entity</B>&rdquo; means any of the following:
(i) a &ldquo;covered entity&rdquo; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect; 252.82(b), (ii) a
 &ldquo;covered bank&rdquo; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect; 47.3(b) or (iii) a &ldquo;covered
FSI&rdquo; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect; 382.2(b); &ldquo;<B>Default Right</B>&rdquo;
has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &sect;&sect; 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as
applicable; and &ldquo;<B>U.S. Special Resolution Regime</B>&rdquo; means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations
promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated
thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">[<I>Signature Page follows</I>]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">Very truly yours,</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">HOWMET AEROSPACE INC.</P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; font-size: 10pt">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 47%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Ramon Ceron</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name: Ramon Ceron</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title: Vice President and Treasurer</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><I>[Signature Page to Debt
Underwriting Agreement]</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 22 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Accepted as of the date first written above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Citigroup Global Markets Inc.<BR>
Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Acting severally on behalf of themselves and<BR>
the several Underwriters named in Schedule I<BR>
hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS INC.</P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%; font-size: 10pt">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 32%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;/s/ Chris Wood</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 65%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name: Chris Wood</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title: Managing Director</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="3">GOLDMAN SACHS &amp; CO. LLC</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 32%">&nbsp;/s/ Jonathan R. Zwart</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 65%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">Name: Jonathan R. Zwart</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">Title: Managing Director</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC</P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 32%">&nbsp;/s/ Clifford P Wagner III</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 65%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">Name: Clifford P Wagner III</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">Title:&nbsp;&nbsp;Executive Director</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">MORGAN STANLEY &amp; CO. LLC</P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 32%">/s/ Yurij Slyz</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 65%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">Name: Yurij Slyz</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">Title: Executive Director</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><I>[Signature Page to Debt
Underwriting Agreement]</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><U>Schedule I</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Underwriters</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Principal Amount of <BR> 2029 Notes to be Purchased</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 82%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Citigroup Global Markets Inc.</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="width: 15%; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">147,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">126,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">126,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">126,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">BMO Capital Markets Corp.</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">35,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">BNP Paribas Securities Corp.</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">35,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Fifth Third Securities, Inc.</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">35,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Mizuho Securities USA LLC</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">35,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Truist Securities, Inc.</TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; text-align: right">35,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="text-decoration: underline; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><U>Total</U></TD><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</TD><TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">700,000,000</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 24 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><U>Schedule II</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">A.</TD><TD>Free writing prospectus filed with the Commission on August 18, 2021, substantially in the form of Schedule III.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">B.</TD><TD>Other Free Writing Prospectuses</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.5in">1. Press release dated August 18, 2021</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-indent: -0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><U>Schedule III</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><U>Filed Pursuant to Rule 433<BR>
Registration Statement No. 333-237705</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Pricing Term Sheet</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Howmet Aerospace Inc.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>$700,000,000 3.000% Notes due 2029</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Dated: August 18, 2021</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">This term sheet to the preliminary prospectus supplement dated August
18, 2021 should be read together with the preliminary prospectus supplement before making a decision in connection with an investment
in the securities. The information in this term sheet supersedes the information contained in the preliminary prospectus supplement to
the extent that it is inconsistent therewith. Terms used but not defined herein have the meaning ascribed to them in the preliminary prospectus
supplement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt; width: 50%"><B>Issuer:</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">Howmet Aerospace Inc.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt"><B>Title of Securities:</B></TD>
    <TD>3.000% Notes due 2029 </TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt"><B>Pricing Date/Closing Date*:</B></TD>
    <TD>August 18, 2021 / September 1, 2021 (T+10)</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt"><B>Aggregate Principal Amount Offered: </B></TD>
    <TD>$700,000,000</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt"><B>Maturity Date:</B></TD>
    <TD>January 15, 2029</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt"><B>Coupon (Interest Rate):</B></TD>
    <TD>3.000%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt"><B>Price to Public (Issue Price):</B></TD>
    <TD>100.000% of principal, plus accrued interest, if any, from September 1, 2021</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt"><B>Benchmark Treasury:</B></TD>
    <TD>1.000% UST due July 31, 2028</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt"><B>Spread to Benchmark Treasury:</B></TD>
    <TD>+195 bps</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt"><B>Yield to Maturity:</B></TD>
    <TD>3.000%</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt"><B>Interest Payment Dates:</B></TD>
    <TD>Semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing January 15, 2022</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt"><B>Interest Record Dates: </B></TD>
    <TD>January 1 and July 1</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt; width: 50%"><B>Debt Ratings**:</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">[RESERVED]</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt"><B>Optional Redemption:</B></TD>
    <TD>Make-whole at T + 30 bps at any time before November 15, 2028; par call at any time on or after November 15, 2028</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt"><B>Change of Control Offer:</B></TD>
    <TD>If a change of control triggering event occurs with respect to the Notes, the issuer will be required, subject to certain conditions, to offer to repurchase such Notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt"><B>Joint Bookrunners:</B></TD>
    <TD>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Citigroup Global Markets Inc.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">J.P. Morgan Securities LLC<BR>
    <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">BMO Capital Markets Corp.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">BNP Paribas Securities Corp.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Fifth Third Securities, Inc.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Mizuho Securities USA LLC</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Truist Securities, Inc.</P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 3pt"><B>CUSIP/ISIN:</B></TD>
    <TD>443201 AB4 / US443201AB48</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>We have filed a registration statement (including a preliminary
prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus) with the SEC for the offering to which this communication relates. Before you invest,
you should read the preliminary prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus included in that registration statement and other
documents we have filed with the SEC for more complete information about us and this offering. You may get these documents for free by
visiting EDGAR on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. Alternatively, we or the underwriters will arrange to send you the prospectus supplement
and accompanying prospectus if you request them by calling Citigroup Capital Markets Inc. toll-free at (800) 831-9146 or by email at prospectus@citi.com,
Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC toll-free at (866) 471-2526, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC toll-free at (212) 834-4533, or Morgan Stanley &amp;
Co. LLC toll-free at (866) 718-1649.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>* It is expected that delivery of the Notes will be made against
payment therefor on or about September 1, 2021, which will be the tenth business day following the date hereof (this settlement cycle
being referred to as &ldquo;T + 10&rdquo;). Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, trades in the secondary market generally
are required to settle in two business days, unless the parties to a trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, purchasers who wish
to trade the Notes on any day prior to two business days before delivery will be required to specify alternative settlement arrangements
at the time of any such trade to prevent a failed settlement and should consult their own advisors.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>** Note: A securities rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell
or hold securities and may<BR>
be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.6
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm2126680d1_ex4-6.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.6
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Exhibit 4.6</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Unless this certificate is presented by an authorized representative
of The Depository Trust Company, a New York Corporation (&ldquo;DTC&rdquo;), to the Company or its agent for registration of transfer,
exchange, or payment, and any certificate issued is registered in the name of Cede&nbsp;&amp; Co. or in such other name as is requested
by an authorized representative of DTC (and any payment is made to Cede&nbsp;&amp; Co. or to such other entity as is requested by an authorized
representative of DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE, OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL inasmuch as the
registered owner hereof, Cede&nbsp;&amp; Co., has an interest herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">This Security is a Book-Entry Security within the meaning of the Indenture
hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of a Depositary or a nominee thereof. This Security may not be transferred to, or
registered or exchanged for Securities registered in the name of, any Person other than the Depositary or a nominee thereof and no such
transfer may be registered, except in the limited circumstances described in the Indenture. Every Security authenticated and delivered
upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for or in lieu of, this Security shall be a Book-Entry Security subject to the foregoing,
except in such limited circumstances described in the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">HOWMET AEROSPACE INC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">3.000% Notes due 2029</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD>No. R-___ </TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: right">(U.S.) $__________</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 4.5in">CUSIP# 443201 AB4&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">ISIN# US443201AB48&#9;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Howmet Aerospace Inc., a corporation duly organized
and existing under the laws of Delaware (herein called the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;, which term includes any successor Person under the Indenture
referred to on the reverse hereof), for value received, hereby promises to pay to Cede&nbsp;&amp; Co., or registered assigns, the principal
sum of $__________ (United States) Dollars on January 15, 2029, and to pay interest thereon from September 1, 2021, or from the most recent
January 15 or July 15 (each, an &ldquo;Interest Payment Date&rdquo;) to which interest has been paid or duly provided for, semi-annually
in arrears on January 15 and July 15 in each year, commencing January 15, 2022, at the rate of 3.000%&nbsp;per annum, until the principal
hereof is paid or made available for payment. The interest so payable, and punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment
Date will, as provided in such Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is
registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, which shall be the January 1 or July 1 (whether or not
a Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding such Interest Payment Date. Interest will be paid on the basis of a 360-day year consisting
of twelve 30-day months. Except as otherwise provided in the Indenture, any such interest not so punctually paid or duly provided for
will forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular Record Date and may either be paid to the Person in whose name this Security
(or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted
Interest to be fixed by the Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities of this series not less than 10 days prior
to such Special Record Date, or be paid at any time in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities
exchange on which the Securities of this series may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, all as more fully
provided in said Indenture. Payment of the principal of and any premium and interest on this Security will be made (a)&nbsp;at the Corporate
Trust Office of the Trustee or such other office or agency of the Company as may be designated by it for such purpose in the Borough of
Manhattan, The City of New York, in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment shall be legal tender
for the payment of public and private debts or (b)&nbsp;subject to any laws or regulations applicable thereto and to the right of the
Company (limited as provided in the Indenture) to rescind the designation of any such Paying Agent, at the main offices of the Company
in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, or at such other offices or agencies as the Company may designate, by United States dollar check drawn on,
or transfer to a United States dollar account maintained by the payee with, a bank in The City of New York; provided, however, that at
the option of the Company payment of interest may be made by United States dollar check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto
as such address shall appear in the Security Register.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Reference is hereby made to the further provisions
of this Security set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if set forth
at this place.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Unless the certificate of authentication hereon
has been executed by the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof, directly or through an Authenticating Agent, by manual, facsimile
or electronic signature of an authorized signatory, this Security shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid
or obligatory for any purpose.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto signed my name.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Dated: ____________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>HOWMET AEROSPACE INC.</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attest:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 35%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD><P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Assistant Secretary</P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 35.1pt">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD><P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Vice President and Treasurer</P></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>CERTIFICATE
OF AUTHENTICATION<BR>
</B></FONT>This is one of the Securities of<BR>
the series designated therein<BR>
referred to in the within-<BR>
mentioned Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>THE
BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON<BR>
TRUST COMPANY, N. A.</B></FONT>, as Trustee</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 10%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 35%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 5%"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Authorized Signatory</P>

</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 35.1pt">&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P></TD></TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 3.75in 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 5%">Date:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt; width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 10%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 5%"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 3.75in 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in">(Reverse of Global Note)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This Security is one of a duly authorized issue
of securities of the Company (herein called the &ldquo;Securities&rdquo;), issued and to be issued in one or more series under an Indenture,
dated as of September&nbsp;30, 1993 (herein, as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture dated as of January&nbsp;25, 2007 between
the Company and the Trustee (as defined below), the Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of July&nbsp;15, 2008 between the Company and
the Trustee, the Fourth Supplemental Indenture dated as of December 31, 2017 between the Company and the Trustee and the Fifth Supplemental
Indenture dated as of April 16, 2020, called the &ldquo;Indenture&rdquo;), between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company,
N.A., as successor in interest to J. P. Morgan Trust Company, National Association (formerly Chase Manhattan Trust Company, National Association,
as successor to PNC Bank, National Association), as Trustee (herein called the &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo;, which term includes any successor
trustee under the Indenture), to which Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto reference is hereby made for a statement of the
respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company, the Trustee and the Holders of the Securities
(herein called the &ldquo;Holders&rdquo;) and of the terms upon which the Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered.
This Security is one of the series designated on the face hereof, initially issued in the aggregate principal amount of (U.S.) $700,000,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Securities of this series are subject to redemption,
as a whole or in part, at the Company&rsquo;s option, at any time or from time to time, on at least 15 days, but not more than 60 days,
prior notice to the Holders as described below. Any notice of redemption of the Securities of this series to be redeemed at the option
of the Company may state that such redemption shall be conditional, in the Company&rsquo;s discretion, on one or more conditions precedent,
and that such conditional notice of redemption may be rescinded by the Company if it determines that any or all such conditions will not
be satisfied by the redemption date, and that in such event, such redemption notice shall be of no further force or effect and the Company
shall not be required to redeem the Securities on the redemption date or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Prior to November 15, 2028, the date that is two
months prior to the maturity date of the Securities of this series (herein called the &ldquo;Par Call Date&rdquo;), the Securities of
this series will be redeemable at a redemption price equal to the greater of:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>100% of the principal amount of the Security to be redeemed, plus accrued interest, if any, to the redemption date&#894; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>the sum of the present values of the Remaining Scheduled Payments, as defined below, discounted, on a semiannual basis, assuming a
360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months, at the Treasury Rate, as defined below, plus 30 basis points, plus accrued interest to
the date of redemption which has not been paid.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">At any time on or after the Par Call Date, the
Securities of this series will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, at the Company&rsquo;s option at
a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount to be redeemed plus accrued interest to the date of redemption which has not
been paid.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">For purposes of the foregoing discussion of an optional redemption,
the following definitions are applicable:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;Treasury Rate&rdquo; means, with respect
to any redemption date for the Securities:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the yield, under the heading which represents the average for the immediately
preceding week, appearing in the most recently published statistical release designated &ldquo;H(519)&rdquo; or any successor publication
which is published weekly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and which establishes yields on actively traded United
States Treasury securities adjusted to constant maturity under the caption &ldquo;Treasury Constant Maturities,&rdquo; for the maturity
corresponding to the Comparable Treasury Issue&#894; provided that if no maturity is within three months before or after the maturity
date for this Security (assuming for these purposes that this Security matured on the Par Call Date), yields for the two published maturities
most closely corresponding to the Comparable Treasury Issue will be determined and the Treasury Rate will be interpolated or extrapolated
from those yields on a straight line basis rounding to the nearest month&#894; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD>if that release, or any successor release, is not published during the week preceding the calculation date or does not contain such
yields, the rate per annum equal to the semiannual equivalent yield to maturity of the Comparable Treasury Issue, calculated using a price
for the Comparable Treasury Issue (expressed as a percentage of its principal amount) equal to the Comparable Treasury Price for that
redemption date.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Treasury Rate will be calculated on the third
Business Day preceding the redemption date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;Comparable Treasury Issue&rdquo; means the
United States Treasury security selected by an Independent Investment Banker as having a maturity comparable to the remaining term of
this Security to be redeemed that would be utilized, at the time of selection and in accordance with customary financial practice, in
pricing new issues of corporate debt securities of comparable maturity to the remaining term of this Security (assuming for these purposes
that this Security matured on the Par Call Date).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;Comparable Treasury Price&rdquo; means,
with respect to any redemption date for this Security:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">the average of four Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations for that redemption
date, after excluding the highest and lowest of such Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations&#894; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt">&middot;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">if the Trustee obtains fewer than four Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations,
the average of all quotations obtained by the Trustee.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;Independent Investment Banker&rdquo; means
one of the Reference Treasury Dealers, to be appointed by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;Reference Treasury Dealer&rdquo; means Citigroup
Global Markets Inc., Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC and their respective successors&#894;
provided, however, that if any of the foregoing shall cease to be a primary U.S. Government securities dealer, which is referred to as
a &ldquo;Primary Treasury Dealer,&rdquo; the Company will substitute therefor another nationally recognized investment banking firm that
is a Primary Treasury Dealer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations&rdquo;
means, with respect to each Reference Treasury Dealer and any redemption date, the average, as determined by the Independent Investment
Banker, of the bid and asked prices for the Comparable Treasury Issue, expressed in each case as a percentage of its principal amount,
quoted in writing to the Independent Investment Banker by such Reference Treasury Dealer at 3:30 p.m., New York City time on the third
Business Day preceding such redemption date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;Remaining Scheduled Payments&rdquo; means,
with respect to each Security to be redeemed, the remaining scheduled payments of the principal thereof and interest thereon that would
be due after the related redemption date but for such redemption (assuming for these purposes that this Security matured on the Par Call
Date)&#894; provided, however, that, if such redemption date is not an interest payment date with respect to such Security, the amount
of the next succeeding scheduled interest payment thereon will be deemed to be reduced by the amount of interest accrued thereon to such
redemption date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event of redemption of this Security in
part only, a new Security or Securities of this series and of like tenor for the unredeemed portion hereof will be issued in the name
of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Notice of optional redemption will be given to
Holders of Securities of this series, not less than 15 nor more than 60 days prior to the date fixed for redemption, all as provided in
the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">On and after the redemption date, interest will
cease to accrue on the Securities of this series or any portion thereof called for redemption, unless the Company defaults in the payment
of the redemption price and accrued interest. On or before the redemption date, the Company will deposit with a paying agent (herein called
the &ldquo;Paying Agent&rdquo;), or the Trustee, money sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest on the Securities
of this series to be redeemed on such date. If less than all of the Securities of this series are to be redeemed, the Securities of this
series to be redeemed shall be selected by the Trustee by such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
a Change of Control Repurchase Event occurs, unless the Company has exercised its right to redeem this Security as described above, the
Company will be required to make an offer to each Holder of the </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Securities
of this series </FONT>to repurchase all or any part (in denominations of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof) of
that Holder&rsquo;s <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Securities of this series </FONT>at a repurchase price in
cash equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of this series repurchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest
on the <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Securities of this series </FONT>repurchased to, but not including, the
date of repurchase. Within 30 days following any Change of Control Repurchase Event or, at the Company&rsquo;s option, prior to any Change
of Control, but after the public announcement of the Change of Control, the Company will mail or otherwise distribute a notice to each
Holder, with a copy to the Trustee, describing the transaction or transactions that constitute or may constitute the Change of Control
Repurchase Event and offering to repurchase <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Securities of this series </FONT>on
the payment date specified in the notice, which date will be no earlier than 30 days and no later than 60 days from the date such notice
is mailed, other than as may be required by law. The notice shall, if mailed prior to the date of consummation of the Change of Control,
state that the offer to purchase is conditioned on a Change of Control Repurchase Event occurring on or prior to the payment date specified
in the notice. Holders of the <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Securities of this series </FONT>electing to have
the <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Securities of this series </FONT>purchased pursuant to a Change of Control
Repurchase Event offer will be required to surrender their <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Securities of this
series</FONT>, with the form entitled &ldquo;Option of Holder to Elect Purchase&rdquo; on the reverse of the Security completed, to the
Paying Agent at the address specified in the notice, or transfer their <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Securities
of this series </FONT>to the Paying Agent by book-entry transfer pursuant to the applicable procedures of the Paying Agent, prior to the
close of business on the third Business Day prior to the repurchase payment date. The Company will comply with the requirements of Rule
14e-1 under the Exchange Act, and any other securities laws and regulations thereunder to the extent those laws and regulations are applicable
in connection with the repurchase of the Securities of this series as a result of a Change of Control Repurchase Event. To the extent
that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with the Change of Control Repurchase Event provisions of the Securities
of this series, the Company will comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and will not be deemed to have breached the
Company&rsquo;s obligations under the Change of Control Repurchase Event provisions of the Securities of this series by virtue of such
conflict.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">On the repurchase date following a Change of Control
Repurchase Event, the Company will, to the extent lawful:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(1)</TD><TD>accept for payment all Securities of this series or portions of Securities of this series properly tendered pursuant to the Company&rsquo;s
offer;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(2)</TD><TD>deposit with the Paying Agent an amount equal to the aggregate purchase price in respect of all Securities of this series or portions
of Securities of this series properly tendered; and</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(3)</TD><TD>deliver or cause to be delivered to the Trustee the Securities of this series properly accepted, together with an Officers&rsquo;
Certificate stating the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of this series being purchased by the Company.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Paying Agent will promptly mail to each Holder
of Securities of this series properly tendered the purchase price for the Securities of this series, and the Trustee will promptly authenticate
and mail (or cause to be transferred by book-entry) to each Holder a new Security of this series equal in principal amount to any unpurchased
portion of any Securities of this series surrendered; provided that each new Security of this series will be in a minimum principal amount
of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company will not be required to make an offer
to repurchase the Securities of this series upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event if a third party makes such an offer in the manner,
at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements for an offer made by the Company and such third party purchases all Securities
of this series properly tendered and not withdrawn under its offer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of the foregoing discussion of a repurchase
at the option of Holders, the following definitions are applicable:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;Change of Control&rdquo; means the occurrence
of any of the following:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(1)</TD><TD>the direct or indirect sale, lease, transfer, conveyance or other disposition (other than by way of merger or consolidation), in one
or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole to
any &ldquo;person&rdquo; (as that term is used in Section&nbsp;13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) other than to the Company or one of its subsidiaries;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(2)</TD><TD>the consummation of any transaction (including, without limitation, any merger or consolidation) the result of which is that any &ldquo;person&rdquo;
(as that term is used in Section&nbsp;13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) becomes the beneficial owner (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5
under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the combined voting power of the Company&rsquo;s Voting Stock or
other Voting Stock into which the Company&rsquo;s Voting Stock is reclassified, consolidated, exchanged or changed measured by voting
power rather than number of shares;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">(3)</TD><TD>the Company consolidates with, or merges with or into, any &ldquo;person&rdquo; (as that term is used in Section&nbsp;13(d)(3) of
the Exchange Act), or any person consolidates with, or merges with or into, the Company, in any such event pursuant to a transaction in
which any of the outstanding Voting Stock of the Company or such other person is converted into or exchanged for cash, securities or other
property, other than any such transaction where the shares of the Voting Stock of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such transaction
constitute, or are converted into or exchanged for, a majority of the Voting Stock of the surviving person immediately after giving effect
to such transaction; or</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">(4)</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the adoption of a plan relating to the liquidation or dissolution
of the Company.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding the foregoing, a transaction will
not be deemed to involve a Change of Control if (1)&nbsp;the Company becomes a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of a holding
company and (2)(A)&nbsp;the direct or indirect holders of the Voting Stock of such holding company immediately following that transaction
are substantially the same as the holders of the Company&rsquo;s Voting Stock immediately prior to that transaction or (B)&nbsp;immediately
following that transaction no person (other than a holding company satisfying the requirements of this sentence) is the beneficial owner,
directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the Voting Stock of such holding company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;Change of Control Repurchase Event&rdquo;
means, both (1) the rating on the Securities of this series is lowered by at least two of the three Rating Agencies and (2) the Securities
of this series are rated below Investment Grade by at least two of the three Rating Agencies, in each case on any date during the 60-day
period (which period shall be extended so long as the rating of the Securities of this series is under publicly announced consideration
for a possible downgrade by any of the Rating Agencies) (the &ldquo;Trigger Period&rdquo;) after the earlier of (A)&nbsp;the occurrence
of a Change of Control; or (B)&nbsp;public notice of the occurrence of a Change of Control or the intention by the Company to effect a
Change of Control. Unless at least two of the three Rating Agencies are providing a rating for the Securities of this series at the commencement
of any Trigger Period, the ratings on the Securities of this series will be deemed to have been lowered by at least two of the three Rating
Agencies, and the Securities of this series will be deemed to be rated below Investment Grade by at least two of the three Rating Agencies
during the Trigger Period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Change of Control Repurchase Event will be deemed to have occurred in connection
with any particular Change of Control unless and until such Change of Control has actually been consummated</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;Fitch&rdquo; means Fitch Ratings Inc. and
its successors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;Investment Grade&rdquo; means a rating of
Baa3 or better by Moody&rsquo;s (or its equivalent under any successor rating categories of Moody&rsquo;s); a rating of BBB- or better
by S&amp;P (or its equivalent under any successor rating categories of S&amp;P); a rating of BBB- or better by Fitch (or its equivalent
under any successor rating categories of Fitch); and the equivalent Investment Grade credit rating from any additional Rating Agency or
Rating Agencies selected by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;Moody&rsquo;s&rdquo; means Moody&rsquo;s
Investors Service Inc., a subsidiary of Moody&rsquo;s Corporation, and its successors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;Rating Agency&rdquo; means each of Moody&rsquo;s,
S&amp;P and Fitch;&nbsp;<I>provided</I>, that if any of Moody&rsquo;s, S&amp;P or Fitch ceases to rate the Securities of this series or
fails to make a rating of the Securities of this series publicly available for reasons outside of the Company&rsquo;s control, the Company
may select (as certified by a resolution of the Company&rsquo;s board of directors) a &ldquo;nationally recognized statistical rating
organization&rdquo; within the meaning of Section&nbsp;3(a)(62) under the Exchange Act as a replacement agency for Moody&rsquo;s, S&amp;P
or Fitch, or all of them, as the case may be, that is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee under the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;S&amp;P&rdquo; means S&amp;P&rsquo;s Global
Ratings, a division of S&amp;P Global, Inc.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;Voting Stock&rdquo; of any specified &ldquo;person&rdquo;
(as that term is used in Section&nbsp;13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) as of any date means the capital stock of such person that is at the
time entitled to vote generally in the election of the board of directors of such person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If an Event of Default with respect to Securities
of this series shall occur and be continuing, the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared due and payable in the manner
and with the effect provided in the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The provisions relating to defeasance and discharge
set forth in Section&nbsp;1302 of the Indenture and covenant defeasance set forth in Section&nbsp;1303 of the Indenture are applicable
to the Securities of this series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions
as therein provided, the amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the Company and the rights of the Holders
of the Securities of each series to be affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the consent of the
Holders of 50% in principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding of each series to be affected. The Indenture also contains
provisions permitting the Holders of specified percentages in principal amount of the Securities of each series at the time Outstanding,
on behalf of the Holders of all Securities of such series, to waive compliance by the Company with certain provisions of the Indenture
and certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Security shall
be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration
of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">As set forth in, and subject to, the provisions
of the Indenture, no Holder of any Security of this series will have any right to institute any proceeding with respect to the Indenture
or for any remedy thereunder, unless such Holder shall have previously given to the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default
with respect to this series, the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of this series shall have
made written request, and offered reasonable indemnity, to the Trustee to institute such proceeding as trustee, and the Trustee shall
not have received from the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of this series a direction inconsistent
with such request and shall have failed to institute such proceeding within 60 days; provided, however, that such limitations do not apply
to a suit instituted by the Holder hereof for the enforcement of payment of the principal of and any premium or interest on this Security
on or after the respective due dates expressed herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">No reference herein to the Indenture, and no provision
of this Security or of the Indenture, shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay
the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on this Security at the times, place(s) and rate, and in the coin or currency, herein
prescribed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain
limitations therein set forth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Security Register, upon surrender of this Security
for registration of transfer at the office or agency of the Company in any place where the principal of and any premium and interest on
this Security are payable or, subject to any laws or regulations applicable thereto and to the right of the Company (limited as provided
in the Indenture) to rescind the designation of any such transfer agent, at the main offices of the Company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
and in or at such other offices or agencies as the Company may designate, duly endorsed by, or accompanied by a written instrument of
transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or his attorney duly authorized
in writing, and thereupon one or more new Securities of this series and of like tenor, of authorized denominations and for the same aggregate
principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or transferees.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Securities of this series are issuable only
in registered form, without coupons, in denominations of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof. As provided in the
Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal
amount of Securities of this series and of like tenor of a different authorized denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering
the same.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">No service charge shall be made for any such registration
of transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable
in connection therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration
of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name this Security is
registered as the owner hereof for all purposes, whether or not this Security is overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any
such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">As used in this Security, &ldquo;Business Day&rdquo;
means any day other than a Saturday or Sunday, that is not a day on which banking institutions are authorized or obligated by law or executive
order to close in The City of New York. All other terms used in this Security which are defined in the Indenture and are not defined herein
shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">OPTION OF HOLDER TO ELECT PURCHASE</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If you want to elect to have this Security purchased
by the Company pursuant to the Change of Control Repurchase Event provisions of this Security, check the following box:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.25in">/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase
pursuant to Change of Control Repurchase Event</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-indent: 0.25in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">If you want to elect to have only part of this
Security purchased by the Company pursuant to the Change of Control Repurchase Event provisions of this Security, state the amount:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">$ <U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 39%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:&nbsp;&nbsp;<U>&#9;</U></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 19%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Your&nbsp;Signature:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 27%; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U></U></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Sign exactly as your name appears on the other side of the Security)</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 20%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Signature&nbsp;Guarantee:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 30%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt"><U></U></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 94.5pt"></P></TD>
    <TD>Signature must be guaranteed by a<BR>
participant in a recognized signature<BR>
guarantee medallion program or other<BR>
signature guarantor acceptable to the<BR>
Trustee.</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>tm2126680d1_ex5-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
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<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"><IMG SRC="tm2126680d1_ex5-1img001.jpg" ALT="">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">September 1, 2021</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Howmet Aerospace Inc. &nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">201 Isabella Street, Suite 200 &nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Pittsburgh, PA 15212-5872 &nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.5in">Re:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Howmet Aerospace Inc.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have acted as special transaction counsel to
Howmet Aerospace Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), in connection with the issuance and sale by the Company of
$700,000,000 aggregate principal amount of its 3.000% Notes due 2029 (the &ldquo;Notes&rdquo;) pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement
(the &ldquo;Underwriting Agreement&rdquo;), dated August 18, 2021, among the Company and Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Goldman Sachs
 &amp; Co. LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Morgan Stanley &amp; Co. LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein
(collectively, the &ldquo;Underwriters&rdquo;). The Securities are being offered and sold to the Underwriters in an offering registered
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The following documents are referred to collectively
in this opinion letter as the &ldquo;Transaction Documents&rdquo;:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Underwriting Agreement; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Indenture, dated as of September&nbsp;30, 1993, between Alcoa Inc. (formerly known as Aluminum Company of America), a Pennsylvania corporation,
and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (formerly known as The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A.), as trustee, as successor
to J.P. Morgan Trust Company, National Association (formerly known as Chase Manhattan Trust Company, N.A., as successor to PNC Bank, National
Association)) (the &ldquo;Original Indenture&rdquo;), as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January&nbsp;25,
2007, between Alcoa Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation, and such trustee (the &ldquo;First Supplemental Indenture&rdquo;), the Second Supplemental
Indenture, dated as of July&nbsp;15, 2008, between Alcoa Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation, and such trustee (the &ldquo;Second Supplemental
Indenture&rdquo;), the Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 31, 2017, among Arconic Inc. (formerly known as Alcoa Inc.),
a Pennsylvania corporation, Arconic Inc., a Delaware corporation, and such trustee (the &ldquo;Fourth Supplemental Indenture&rdquo;),
and the Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 15, 2020, between Howmet Aerospace Inc. (formerly known as Arconic Inc.) and such
trustee (the &ldquo;Fifth Supplemental Indenture&rdquo;) (the Original Indenture, as so supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture,
the Second Supplemental Indenture, the Fourth Supplemental Indenture and the Fifth Supplemental Indenture, the &ldquo;Indenture&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">K&amp;L Gates
LLP&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">K&amp;L Gates
Center 210 Sixth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15222-2613&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 8pt">T +1 412 355 6500 F +1 412 355 6501 klgates.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In connection with rendering the opinions set forth
below, we have examined (i) the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-237705) (the &ldquo;Registration Statement&rdquo;) filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Commission&rdquo;) on April 16, 2020 relating to an unspecified aggregate initial
offering price or number of senior debt securities of the Company; (ii) the Prospectus, dated April 16, 2020, as supplemented by the accompanying
Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, dated August 18, 2021, relating to the Notes, as filed by the Company with the Commission on August
18, 2021 pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, including all material incorporated by reference therein; (iii) the Final Term
Sheet relating to the Notes, as filed by the Company with the Commission on August 18, 2021 pursuant to Rule 433 under the Act; (iv) the
Prospectus, dated April 16, 2020, as supplemented by the accompanying Prospectus Supplement, dated August 18, 2021, reflecting the final
terms of the Notes and the terms of the offering thereof, as filed by the Company with the Commission on August 20, 2021 pursuant to Rule
424(b) under the Securities Act, including all material incorporated by reference therein (the &ldquo;Prospectus&rdquo;); (v) the Transaction
Documents; (vi) the Company&rsquo;s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and Bylaws, as amended; (vii) copies of the Unanimous Written
Consent of the Board of Directors of the Company dated August 11, 2021 (the &ldquo;Authorizing Resolutions&rdquo;) and the Written Consent
of the Authorized Pricing Officers (as defined in the Authorizing Resolutions) of the Company on August 18, 2021, as certified by the
Assistant Secretary of the Company; (viii) the Certificate of Designated Officer Establishing Terms and Form of Debt Securities, establishing
the terms and form of the Notes pursuant to Sections 201 and 301 of the Indenture, dated as of the date hereof; (ix) the Officers&rsquo;
Certificate, dated as of the date hereof, required pursuant to Sections 102 and 301 of the Indenture; (x) a certificate of the Assistant
Secretary of the Company, dated as of the date hereof and (xi) specimens of the Notes. In addition, we have made such investigation of
law as we have deemed appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">For the purposes of this opinion letter, we have
made the assumptions that are customary in opinion letters of this kind, including that (i) each document submitted to us is accurate
and complete, (ii) each such document that is an original is authentic, (iii) each such document that is a copy conforms to an authentic
original and (iv) all signatures on each such document are genuine. We also have assumed for purposes of this opinion letter (i) the legal
capacity of natural persons, (ii) that each party to each of the Transaction Documents has the legal capacity or authority and has satisfied
all legal requirements that are applicable to that party to the extent necessary to make each Transaction Document to which it is a party
enforceable against it; and (iii) that each party to each of the Transaction Documents has complied with all state and federal statutes,
rules and regulations applicable to it arising out of the transactions set forth in the Transaction Documents to which it is a party.
We have not verified any of the foregoing assumptions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The opinions expressed in this opinion letter are
limited to the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and applicable federal
securities laws of the United States. We are not opining on, and we assume no responsibility for, the applicability to or effect on any
of the matters covered herein of (i) any other laws; (ii) the laws of any other jurisdiction; or (iii) the law of any county, municipality
or other political subdivision or local governmental agency or authority.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Based on the foregoing, and subject to the foregoing
and the additional qualifications and other matters set forth below, it is our opinion that the Notes have been duly authorized, executed
and delivered and, when authenticated in accordance with the provisions of the Indenture and delivered to and paid for by the Underwriters
pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company and be entitled to the benefits of
the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">September 1, 2021</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The opinions set forth above are subject to the
effects of (a) bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer, voidable transactions, reorganization, receivership,
moratorium and other similar laws relating to or affecting the enforcement of creditors&rsquo; rights or remedies generally; (b) general
principles of equity, regardless of whether such principles are considered in a proceeding at law or in equity; and (c) an implied covenant
of good faith, reasonableness, fair dealing and standards of materiality.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We express no opinion with respect to any provision
in the Notes (i) that purports to waive forum non conveniens or trial by jury; (ii) that relates to judgments in currencies other than
U.S. dollars; (iii) that purports to limit any person&rsquo;s liability, or relieve any party of the consequences of, its own unlawful,
willful, reckless, bad faith, or negligent acts or omissions, or that grants indemnity or a right of contribution; (iv) that purports
to allow any party to interfere unreasonably in the conduct of another party&rsquo;s business; (v) that purports to require the payment
or reimbursement of fees, costs, expenses or other amounts that are unreasonable in nature or amount or without a reasonable accounting
of the sums purportedly due or that are contrary to applicable law or public policy; (vi) that purports to prohibit the assignment of
rights that are assignable pursuant to applicable law notwithstanding an agreement not to assign such rights; (vii) that purports to require
that amendments or waivers to any agreement be in writing; (viii) relating to severability or set-off; (ix) that purports to limit access
exclusively to any particular courts; (x) that purports to place a limitation on lawsuits to the extent that it may conflict with federal
bankruptcy law, in which case such provision may be deemed void or voidable under federal bankruptcy law; (xi) that provides that no recourse
may be had against any successors of the Company or any stockholder of the Company that may be a controlling person under federal securities
laws; (xii) that purports to waive or modify any party&rsquo;s obligations of good faith, fair dealing, diligence, mitigation of damages,
reasonableness or due notice, or the right of redemption under the Uniform Commercial Code or other applicable law; (xiii) that provides
for advance waivers of claims, defenses, rights granted by law, or notice, opportunity for hearing, evidentiary requirements, statutes
of limitation, trial by jury or at law, or other procedural rights; (xiv) that provides that decisions by a party are conclusive or may
be made in its sole discretion; (xv) that consents to, or restricts governing law, jurisdiction, venue, arbitration, remedies or judicial
relief; (xvi) that waives broadly or vaguely stated rights; (xvii) that provides for exclusivity, election or cumulation of rights or
remedies; (xviii) that provides a proxy, power of attorney or trust; (xix) that prohibits, restricts, or requires consent to assignment
or transfer of any right or property; and (xx) that provides for liquidated damages, an increased interest rate on default, interest on
interest, late charges, monetary penalties, make-whole premiums or other economic remedies to the extent such provisions may be found
to constitute a penalty. We also express no opinion concerning whether a U.S. federal court would accept jurisdiction in any dispute,
action, suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to any agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby or the net impact or result
of any conflict of laws between or among laws of competing jurisdictions and the applicability of the law of any jurisdiction in such
instance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This opinion is limited to the matters stated in
this letter, and no opinions may be implied or inferred beyond the matters expressly stated in this letter. This opinion is being given
as of the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update or supplement any of our opinions to reflect any changes of law or fact that
may occur after the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">September 1, 2021</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion
letter with the Commission as an exhibit to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, the incorporation by reference of this opinion
into the Registration Statement, and the reference to this firm in the Prospectus forming a part thereof under the caption &ldquo;Legal
Matters.&rdquo; In giving our consent, we do not thereby admit that we are experts with respect to any part of the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus within the meaning of the term &ldquo;expert&rdquo;, as used in Section 11 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder, nor do we admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities
Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Yours truly,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">/s/ K&amp;L Gates LLP</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right; margin: 0pt 0">September 1, 2021</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>tm2126680d1_ex99-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
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<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 99.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><IMG SRC="tm2126680d1_ex99-1img001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 51%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Investor Contact</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 49%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Media Contact</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Paul T. Luther</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Paul Erwin</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(412) 553-1950</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(412) 553-2666</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Paul.Luther@howmet.com</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Paul.Erwin@howmet.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Howmet Aerospace Announces Note Tender Early
Results</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">PITTSBURGH,
PA, September&nbsp;1, 2021 &ndash; Howmet Aerospace Inc. (&ldquo;Howmet Aerospace&rdquo; or the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;)</FONT> (NYSE: HWM)
announced today the early tender results for the Company&rsquo;s previously announced tender offer (the &ldquo;tender offer, or the &ldquo;offer&rdquo;)
in respect of its outstanding 6.875% Notes due 2025 (the &ldquo;Existing 2025 Notes&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">According to information received
from Global Bondholder Services Corporation, the tender and information agent for the tender offer, as of 5:00 p.m., New York City time,
on August&nbsp;31, 2021 (which was the &ldquo;early tender deadline&rdquo;), the Company had received valid tenders from holders of the
Existing 2025 Notes as outlined in the table below. Because the aggregate principal amount of Existing 2025 Notes that were validly tendered
and not validly withdrawn at or prior to the early tender deadline exceeds the maximum aggregate principal amount of Existing 2025 Notes
to be accepted in the tender offer, Howmet Aerospace expects to accept such Existing 2025 Notes for purchase on a pro rata basis, so as
to not exceed the tender cap (with adjustments to avoid the purchase of Existing 2025 Notes in a principal amount other than in integral
multiples of $1,000 or the return to any holders of an amount less than the minimum denomination).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <TD STYLE="width: 12%; border: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Series&nbsp;of<BR>
Notes</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>CUSIP<BR>
Number/ISIN<BR>
Number</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 19%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Aggregate<BR>
Principal<BR>
Amount<BR>
Outstanding</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Tender Cap<SUP>(1)</SUP></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 13%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Principal<BR>
Amount<BR>
Tendered</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Total<BR>
Consideration<BR>
<SUP>(2)(3)</SUP></B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 14%; border-top: Black 1pt solid; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Proration<BR>
Factor</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.875% Notes due 2025</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">443201AA6 / US443201AA64 </FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,200,000,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$600,000,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$619,189,000</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">$1,175.00</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">0.96899990</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Represents maximum aggregate principal amount of Existing 2025 Notes to be accepted for purchase by Howmet
Aerospace, exclusive of accrued and unpaid interest. Due to proration mechanics, this will result in acceptance by Howmet Aerospace of
$599,984,000 of Existing 2025 Notes. Such amount shall constitute the full Tender Cap under the tender offer (and the tender offer is
hereby amended as necessary to so provide).</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Per $1,000 principal amount of Existing 2025 Notes validly tendered (and not validly withdrawn) and accepted
for purchase by Howmet Aerospace. Excludes accrued and unpaid interest, which will be paid on Existing 2025 Notes accepted for purchase
by Howmet Aerospace as described below.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Includes the $50.00 early tender premium for Existing 2025 Notes validly tendered at or prior to the early
tender deadline (and not validly withdraw) and accepted for purchase by Howmet Aerospace.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Howmet
Aerospace expects </FONT>the early settlement date for the Existing 2025 Notes that are accepted for purchase (after accounting for proration)
to occur on September&nbsp;2, 2021. The deadline for holders to validly withdraw tenders of Existing 2025 Notes has passed. Accordingly,
Existing 2025 Notes that have been validly tendered cannot be withdrawn, except as provided for in the Offer to Purchase or required by
applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Howmet Aerospace intends to
fund the tender offer with net proceeds from its previously announced note offering, which is scheduled to close today, and cash on hand.
That closing will fulfill the financing condition to the tender offer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Holders of Existing 2025 Notes
who validly tendered and did not validly withdraw their Existing 2025 Notes at or prior to the early tender deadline will receive the
total consideration, which includes the early tender premium for the Existing 2025 Notes of $50.00 per $1,000 principal amount of Existing
2025 Notes tendered, for the Existing 2025 Notes that are accepted for purchase (after accounting for proration). Although the tender
offer will expire at midnight (end of day), New York City time, on September&nbsp;15, 2021, because the tender offer was fully subscribed
at the early tender deadline, Howmet Aerospace does not expect to accept for purchase any Existing 2025 Notes tendered after the early
tender deadline. Accrued and unpaid interest will be paid on all Existing 2025 Notes validly tendered and accepted for purchase from the
last interest payment date up to, but not including, the settlement date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Howmet Aerospace
has retained J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and BMO Capital Markets Corp. to act as the lead dealer managers
and Global Bondholder Services Corporation to act as the tender and information agent for the tender offer. For additional information
regarding the terms of the tender offer, please contact </FONT>J.P. Morgan Securities LLC collect at (212) 834-3424 or toll-free at (866)
834-4666; Citigroup Global Markets Inc. collect at (212) 702-1840 or toll-free at (800) 558-3745; or BMO Capital Markets Corp. collect
at (212) 702-1840 or toll-free at (833) 418-0762. Requests for copies of the Offer to Purchase and questions regarding the tendering of
Existing 2025 Notes may be directed to Global Bondholder Services Corporation at (212) 430-3774 (for banks and brokers) or 866-807-2200
(all others, toll-free) or email <U>contact@gbsc-usa.com</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">This press release is for informational purposes
only and does not constitute an offer to purchase securities or a solicitation of an offer to sell any securities or an offer to sell
or the solicitation of an offer to purchase any securities nor does it constitute an offer or solicitation in any jurisdiction in which
such offer or solicitation is unlawful. Holders of the Existing 2025 Notes are urged to carefully read the Offer to Purchase, which sets
forth a more detailed description of the tender offer, before making any decision with respect to the tender offer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">None of Howmet Aerospace,
the tender and information agent, the dealers managers or the trustee for the Existing 2025 Notes (nor any of their respective directors,
officers, employees or affiliates) makes any recommendation as to whether holders should tender their Existing 2025 Notes pursuant to
the tender offer, and no one has been authorized by any of them to make such a recommendation. Holders must make their own decisions as
to whether to tender their Existing 2025 Notes, and, if so, the principal amount of Existing 2025 Notes to tender.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>About Howmet Aerospace</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; color: #282828; background-color: white">Howmet
Aerospace Inc., headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a leading global provider of advanced engineered solutions for the aerospace
and transportation industries. The Company&rsquo;s primary businesses focus on jet engine components, aerospace fastening systems, and
titanium structural parts necessary for mission-critical performance and efficiency in aerospace and defense applications, as well as
forged wheels for commercial transportation. With </FONT><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">nearly 1,150 granted and pending patents,
the Company&rsquo;s differentiated technologies enable lighter, more fuel-efficient aircraft to operate with a lower carbon footprint.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Forward-Looking Statements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This press release contains
statements that relate to future events and expectations. Forward-looking statements include those containing such words as &quot;anticipates,&quot;
 &quot;believes,&quot; &quot;could,&quot; &quot;estimates,&quot; &quot;expects,&quot; &quot;forecasts,&quot; &quot;goal,&quot; &quot;guidance,&quot;
 &quot;intends,&quot; &quot;may,&quot; &quot;outlook,&quot; &quot;plans,&quot; &quot;projects,&quot; &quot;seeks,&quot; &quot;sees,&quot;
 &quot;should,&quot; &quot;targets,&quot; &quot;will,&quot; &quot;would,&quot; or other words of similar meaning. All statements that reflect
Howmet Aerospace&rsquo;s expectations, assumptions or projections about the future, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking
statements, including, without limitation, statements, forecasts and outlook relating to the intended closing of the note offering and
the tender offer, related financing plans and any future actions by Howmet Aerospace in respect of the Existing 2025 Notes subject to
the tender offer, the condition of end markets, future financial results or operating performance, future strategic actions, Howmet Aerospace's
strategies, outlook, and business and financial prospects, future interest expense and any future dividends and repurchases of its debt
or equity securities. These statements reflect beliefs and assumptions that are based on Howmet Aerospace&rsquo;s perception of historical
trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors Howmet Aerospace believes are appropriate in the
circumstances. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and changes
in circumstances that are difficult to predict, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by these statements.
Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: (a)&nbsp;uncertainty of the duration, extent and impact of the COVID-19
pandemic on Howmet Aerospace&rsquo;s business, results of operations, and financial condition; (b)&nbsp;deterioration in global economic
and financial market conditions generally, including as a result of pandemic health issues (including COVID-19 and its effects, among
other things, on global supply, demand, and distribution disruptions as the COVID-19 pandemic continues and results in an increasingly
prolonged period of travel, commercial and/or other similar restrictions and limitations); (c)&nbsp;unfavorable changes in the markets
served by Howmet Aerospace; (d)&nbsp;the impact of potential cyber attacks and information technology or data security breaches; (e)&nbsp;the
loss of significant customers or adverse changes in customers&rsquo; business or financial conditions; (f)&nbsp;manufacturing difficulties
or other issues that impact product performance, quality or safety; (g)&nbsp;inability of suppliers to meet obligations due to supply
chain disruptions or otherwise; (h)&nbsp;the inability to achieve revenue growth, cash generation, cost savings, restructuring plans,
cost reductions, improvement in profitability, or strengthening of competitiveness and operations anticipated or targeted; (i)&nbsp;competition
from new product offerings, disruptive technologies or other developments; (j)&nbsp;geopolitical, economic, and regulatory risks relating
to Howmet Aerospace&rsquo;s global operations, including compliance with U.S. and foreign trade and tax laws, sanctions, embargoes and
other regulations; (k)&nbsp;the outcome of contingencies, including legal proceedings, government or regulatory investigations, and environmental
remediation, which can expose Howmet Aerospace to substantial costs and liabilities; (l)&nbsp;failure to comply with government contracting
regulations; (m)&nbsp;adverse changes in discount rates or investment returns on pension assets; and (n)&nbsp;the other risk factors summarized
in Howmet Aerospace&rsquo;s Form&nbsp;10-K for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2020 and other reports filed with the U.S. Securities
and Exchange Commission. Market projections are subject to the risks discussed above and other risks in the market. The statements in
this release are made as of the date of this release, even if subsequently made available by Howmet Aerospace on its website or otherwise.
Howmet Aerospace disclaims any intention or obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether in response to new information,
future events, or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>hwm-20210901_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>hwm-20210901_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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</xbrl>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>13
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.21.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140191723648072">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 01, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Sep.  01,  2021<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">1-3610<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">HOWMET AEROSPACE INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000004281<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">25-0317820<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">201 Isabella Street<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Pittsburgh<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">PA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">15212-5872<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">412<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">553-1940<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember', window );">Common Stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">HWM<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CumulativePreferredStockMember', window );">Cumulative Preferred Stock</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">$3.75 Cumulative Preferred Stock, par value $100 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">HWM PR<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSEAMER<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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  "r5": {
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Section": "13e",
   "Subsection": "4c"
  },
  "r6": {
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Section": "14d",
   "Subsection": "2b"
  },
  "r7": {
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Section": "15",
   "Subsection": "d"
  },
  "r8": {
   "Name": "Exchange Act",
   "Number": "240",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Section": "14a",
   "Subsection": "12"
  },
  "r9": {
   "Name": "Form 10-K",
   "Number": "249",
   "Publisher": "SEC",
   "Section": "310"
  }
 },
 "version": "2.1"
}
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
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<FILENAME>0001104659-21-112046-xbrl.zip
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
