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Acquisitions | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2021
Business Combinations [Abstract] |
Acquisitions | Acquisitions 2020 Acquisitions Acquisition of Bell Data Centers (the "Bell Acquisition") On October 1, 2020, we completed the acquisition of 12 data center sites across Canada from Bell, with one additional data center in Ottawa Canada acquired on November 2, 2020, for a total combined purchase consideration of approximately C$934.3 million, or $704.0 million at the exchange rates in effect on those dates. The acquisition supports our ongoing expansion to meet customer demand in Canada. Acquisition of Packet (the "Packet Acquisition") On March 2, 2020, we acquired all outstanding shares and equity awards of Packet Host, Inc. (“Packet”), a leading bare metal automation platform for a total purchase consideration of approximately $290.3 million in cash. In addition, we paid $16.1 million in cash to accelerate the vesting of unvested Packet equity awards for certain Packet employees, which was recorded as stock-based compensation expense during the three months ended March 31, 2020. In connection with the acquisition, we also issued restricted stock awards with an aggregated fair value of $30.2 million and a three-year vesting period, which will be recognized as stock-based compensation costs over the vesting period. The acquisition, combined with Equinix Metal TM, is expected to accelerate our strategy to help enterprises deploy hybrid multicloud architectures on our data center platform. Acquisition of data centers from Axtel (the "Axtel Acquisition") On January 8, 2020, we completed the acquisition of three data centers in Mexico from Axtel S.A.B. de C.V. (“Axtel”) for a total purchase consideration of approximately $189.0 million, including $175.0 million in cash and $14.0 million we paid to the seller for recoverable value-added taxes ("VAT") incurred prior to the acquisition, which related to a corresponding VAT receivable acquired upon acquisition. The acquisition supports our ongoing expansion to meet customer demand in our Americas region. Purchase price allocation Each of these acquisitions constitute a business under the accounting standard for business combinations and, therefore, were accounted for as business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed measured at fair value on the date of acquisition. As of March 31, 2021, we continued to review the detailed valuation analysis to derive the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the Bell Acquisition, including property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and the related tax impacts; therefore, the purchase price allocation is based on provisional estimates and subject to continuing management analysis. A summary of the allocation of total purchase consideration is presented as follows (in thousands):
| Bell (1) |  | Packet |  | Axtel
| Provisional |  | Final
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,068 |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts receivable | — |  |  | 5,098 |  |  | — |
Other current assets | 696 |  |  | 299 |  |  | 14,048 |
Property, plant and equipment | 538,717 |  |  | 27,945 |  |  | 76,407 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 14,359 |  |  | 1,519 |  |  | 1,646 |
Intangible assets | 75,857 |  |  | 58,500 |  |  | 22,750 |
Goodwill | 172,387 |  |  | 230,620 |  |  | 78,902 |
Deferred tax and other assets | 722 |  |  | 138 |  |  | — |
Total assets acquired | 802,738 |  |  | 325,187 |  |  | 193,753 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (895) |  |  | (1,275) |  |  | (238) |
Other current liabilities | — |  |  | (860) |  |  | — |
Operating lease liabilities | (13,340) |  |  | (1,519) |  |  | (1,586) |
Finance lease liabilities | (80,026) |  |  | (27,945) |  |  | — |
Deferred tax and other liabilities | (4,495) |  |  | (3,290) |  |  | (2,911) |
Net assets acquired | $ | 703,982 |  |  | $ | 290,298 |  |  | $ | 189,018 |
(1)For the Bell Acquisition, the purchase price allocation adjustments since the provisional amounts reported as of December 31, 2020 were not significant. Property, plant and equipment - The fair values of property, plant and equipment acquired from these three acquisitions were estimated by applying the cost approach, with the exception of land, which we estimated by applying the market approach. The key assumptions of the cost approach include replacement cost new, physical deterioration, functional and economic obsolescence, economic useful life, remaining useful life, age and effective age. Intangible assets - The following table presents certain information on the acquired intangible assets (in thousands):
Intangible Assets |  | Fair Value |  | Estimated Useful Lives (Years) |  | Weighted-average Estimated Useful Lives (Years)
Bell: |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 75,857 |  |  | 15.0 |  | 15.0
Packet: |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade names |  | 1,300 |  |  | 3.0 |  | 3.0
Existing technology |  | 5,100 |  |  | 3.0 |  | 3.0
Customer relationships |  | 52,100 |  |  | 10.0 |  | 10.0
Axtel: |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships |  | 22,750 |  |  | 15.0 |  | 15.0
The fair values of customer relationships acquired from these acquisitions were estimated from applying an income approach, by calculating the present value of estimated future operating cash flows generated from existing customers less costs to realize the revenue. We applied a discount rate of 8.0% for Bell, 8.0% for Packet and 13.3% for Axtel, which reflects the nature of the assets as they relate to the risk and uncertainty of the estimated future operating cash flows, as well as the risk of the country within which the acquired business operates. The fair value of the Packet trade name was estimated using the relief from royalty method under the income approach. We applied a relief from royalty rate of 1.0% and a discount rate of 8.0%. The fair value of existing technology was estimated under the cost approach by projecting the cost to recreate a new asset with an equivalent utility of the existing technology. The key assumptions of the cost approach include total cost, time to recreate and functional obsolescence. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is attributable to the workforce of the acquired business and the projected revenue increase expected to arise from future customers after these acquisitions. Goodwill from these acquisitions is attributable to our Americas region. Goodwill from the Bell Acquisition is expected to be deductible for local tax purposes while goodwill from the Packet and Axtel Acquisitions are not amortizable for local tax purposes. Revenues and net income and loss from operations The operating results of these three acquisitions are report ed in our Americas region following the date of acquisition. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, our results of operations include $48.5 million of revenues and $9.0 million of net loss from operations from the Bell, Packet and Axtel Acquisitions. Pending Acquisition of GPX India On August 7, 2020, we entered into an agreement to purchase the India operations of GPX Global Systems, Inc. ("GPX India"), representing two data centers in Mumbai, India for approximately $161.0 million in an all-cash transaction (the “GPX India Acquisition”). The GPX India Acquisition is expected to close in the second quarter of 2021, subject to customary closing conditions including regulatory approval. Upon the close of the acquisition, the operating results of the acquired business will be reported in our Asia-Pacific region.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for a business combination (or series of individually immaterial business combinations) completed during the period, including background, timing, and recognized assets and liabilities. The disclosure may include leverage buyout transactions (as applicable). + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2303972 + Details
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