Net Investment Hedges. We are exposed to the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the value of investments in our foreign subsidiaries whose functional currencies are other than the U.S. Dollar. In order to mitigate the impact of foreign currency exchange rates, we have entered into various foreign currency debt obligations, which are designated as hedges against our net investments in foreign subsidiaries. As of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the total principal amounts of foreign currency debt obligations designated as net investment hedges was $1.5 billion.

We also utilize cross-currency interest rate swaps, designated as net investment hedges, which effectively convert a portion of our U.S. dollar-denominated fixed-rate debt to foreign currency-denominated fixed-rate debt, to hedge the currency exposure associated with our net investment in our foreign subsidiaries. As of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the total notional amount of cross-currency interest rate swaps, designated as net investment hedges was $3.9 billion, with maturity dates ranging through 2026.

From time to time, we use foreign currency forward contracts, which are designated as net investment hedges, to hedge against the effect of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on our net investment in our foreign subsidiaries. As of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the total notional amount of foreign currency forward contracts designated as net investment hedges was $373.4 million.

Certain of our customer agreements that are priced in currencies different from the functional or local currencies of the parties involved are deemed to have foreign currency forward contracts embedded in them. These embedded derivatives are separated from their host contracts and carried on our balance sheet at their fair value. The majority of these embedded derivatives arise as a result of our foreign subsidiaries pricing their customer contracts in U.S. Dollars. We use these forward contracts embedded within our customer agreements to hedge against the effect of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on our net investment in our foreign subsidiaries.

The effect of net investment hedges on accumulated other comprehensive income and the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):


Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income:
		Three Months Ended March 31,
			2023		2022
Foreign currency debt			$	(23,610)	$	45,061
Cross-currency interest rate swaps (included component) (1)			(39,911)		122,030
Cross-currency interest rate swaps (excluded component) (2)			23,961		(72,108)
Foreign currency forward contracts (included component) (1)			(1,048)		(2,949)
Foreign currency forward contracts (excluded component) (3)			648		(676)
Total			$	(39,960)	$	91,358

Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in earnings:
	Location of gain or (loss)	Three Months Ended March 31,
			2023		2022
Cross-currency interest rate swaps (excluded component) (2)	Interest expense		$	12,229	$	12,578
Foreign currency forward contracts (excluded component) (3)	Interest expense		(152)		(31)
Total			$	12,077	$	12,547

Cash Flow Hedges. We hedge our foreign currency transaction exposure for forecasted revenues and expenses in our EMEA region between the U.S. Dollar and the British Pound, Euro, Swedish Krona and Swiss Franc. The foreign currency forward and option contracts that we use to hedge this exposure are designated as cash flow hedges. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the total notional amounts of these foreign exchange contracts were $570.4 million and $490.8 million, respectively.

As of March 31, 2023, our foreign currency cash flow hedge instruments had maturity dates ranging from April 2023 to December 2024 and we had a net loss of $8.2 million recorded within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to be reclassified to revenues and expenses relating to these cash flow hedges as they mature in the next 12 months. As of December 31, 2022, our foreign currency cash flow hedge instruments had maturity dates ranging from January 2023 to February 2024 and we had a net gain of $8.2 million recorded within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to be reclassified to revenues and expenses relating to these cash flow hedges as they mature in the next 12 months.

We hedge the interest rate exposure created by anticipated fixed rate debt issuances through the use of treasury locks and swap locks (collectively, interest rate locks), which are designated as cash flow hedges. As of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had no interest rate locks outstanding. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, interest rate locks with a combined aggregate notional amount of ¥77.3 billion were settled related to the issuance of senior notes during the year. When interest rate locks are settled, any gain or loss from the transactions is deferred and included as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and is amortized to interest expense over the term of the forecasted hedged transaction which is equivalent to the term of the interest rate locks. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had a net gain of $1.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively, recorded within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to be reclassified to interest expense in the next 12 months for interest rate locks.

We also use cross-currency swaps, which are designated as cash flow hedges, to manage the foreign currency exposure associated with a portion of our foreign currency-denominated debt. As of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the total notional amount of cross-currency interest rate swaps, designated as cash flow hedges, was $280.3 million.


Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income:
		Three Months Ended March 31,
			2023		2022
Foreign currency forward and option contracts (included component) (1)			$	(12,453)	$	18,322

Cross-currency interest rate swaps			(2,396)		—
Interest rate locks			(4,108)		50,442
Total			$	(18,957)	$	68,764

Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to income:
		Three Months Ended March 31,
	Location of gain or (loss)		2023		2022
Foreign currency forward contracts	Revenues		$	12,296	$	3,563
Foreign currency forward contracts	Costs and operating expenses		(3,221)		(1,312)
Interest rate locks	Interest Expense		320		(1,076)
Total			$	9,395	$	1,175

Embedded Derivatives. As described above, certain of our customer agreements that are priced in currencies different from the functional or local currencies of the parties involved are deemed to have foreign currency forward contracts embedded in them.

Economic Hedges of Embedded Derivatives. We use foreign currency forward contracts to manage the foreign exchange risk associated with our customer agreements that are priced in currencies different from the functional or local currencies of the parties involved ("economic hedges of embedded derivatives"). Foreign currency forward contracts represent agreements to exchange the currency of one country for the currency of another country at an agreed-upon price on an agreed-upon settlement date.

Foreign Currency Forward Contracts. We also use foreign currency forward contracts to manage the foreign exchange risk associated with certain foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities. As a result of foreign currency fluctuations, the U.S. Dollar equivalent values of our foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities change. Gains and losses on these contracts are included in other income (expense), on a net basis, along with the foreign currency gains and losses of the related foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities associated with these foreign currency forward contracts. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the total notional amounts of these foreign currency contracts were $2.2 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively.


Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in earnings:
		Three Months Ended March 31,
	Location of gain or (loss)		2023		2022
Embedded derivatives (1)	Revenues		$	—	$	(568)
Economic hedge of embedded derivatives (2)	Revenues		—		(983)
Foreign currency forward contracts	Other income (expense)		10,707		(1,470)
Total			$	10,707	$	(3,021)


	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Assets (1)		Liabilities (2)		Assets (1)		Liabilities (2)
Designated as hedging instruments:
Cash flow hedges
Foreign currency forward and option contracts	$	8,639	$	16,968	$	27,812	$	21,352
Cross-currency interest rate swaps	25,679		—		19,239		—
Net investment hedges
Cross-currency interest rate swaps	258,284		—		274,234		—
Foreign currency forward contracts	25,179		5,468		25,077		4,805
Total designated as hedging	317,781		22,436		346,362		26,157

Not designated as hedging instruments:


Foreign currency forward contracts	27,397		22,009		58,230		7,531
Total not designated as hedging	27,397		22,009		58,230		7,531
Total Derivatives	$	345,178	$	44,445	$	404,592	$	33,688

We enter into master netting agreements with our counterparties for transactions other than embedded derivatives to mitigate credit risk exposure to any single counterparty. Master netting agreements allow for individual derivative contracts with a single counterparty to offset in the event of default. For presentation on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, we do not offset fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments or the accrued interest related to cross-currency interest rate swaps under master netting arrangements. The following table presents information related to these offsetting arrangements as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	Gross Amounts Offset in Consolidated Balance Sheet
	Gross Amounts		Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Amounts		Gross Amounts not Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net
March 31, 2023
Derivative assets	$	372,836	$	—	$	372,836	$	(50,820)	$	322,016
Derivative liabilities	59,156		—		59,156		(50,820)		8,336

December 31, 2022
Derivative assets	$	424,516	$	—	$	424,516	$	(34,429)	$	390,087
Derivative liabilities	39,234		—		39,234		(34,429)		4,805