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Employee Benefits (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2015
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] |
Expense recognized for defined contribution savings plans, included in compensation and benefits and discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of income | The expense recognized for these plans is included in Compensation and benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Income, as follows (in millions):
Years ended December 31 | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
U.S. | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 123 |
U.K. | 42 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 45 |
Netherlands and Canada | 25 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 18 |
| $ | 200 |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | 186 |
Pension Plans, Defined Benefit |
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] |
Reconciliation of the changes in the benefit obligations and fair value of assets and a statement of the funded status | The following tables provide a reconciliation of the changes in the projected benefit obligations and fair value of assets for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 and a statement of the funded status as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, for the material U.K. plans, U.S. plans and other major plans, which are located in the Netherlands and Canada. These plans represent approximately 93% of the Company's projected benefit obligations.
| U.K. |  | U.S. |  | Other
(millions) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Change in projected benefit obligation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
At January 1 | $ | 5,529 |  |  | $ | 5,106 |  |  | $ | 3,350 |  |  | $ | 2,744 |  |  | $ | 1,399 |  |  | $ | 1,252 |
Service cost | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest cost | 198 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 47 |
Participant contributions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Plan amendment | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10 | ) |  | — |
Curtailments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16 | )
Plan transfer and acquisitions | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (18 | ) |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Actuarial loss (gain) | (83 | ) |  | (211 | ) |  | (25 | ) |  | 265 |  |  | 24 |  |  | (5 | )
Benefit payments | (217 | ) |  | (192 | ) |  | (133 | ) |  | (130 | ) |  | (38 | ) |  | (51 | )
Actual expenses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Change in discount rate | (247 | ) |  | 902 |  |  | (145 | ) |  | 327 |  |  | (66 | ) |  | 324 |
Foreign currency impact | (221 | ) |  | (307 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (165 | ) |  | (150 | )
At December 31 | $ | 4,985 |  |  | $ | 5,529 |  |  | $ | 3,160 |  |  | $ | 3,350 |  |  | $ | 1,177 |  |  | $ | 1,399 |
Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year | $ | 4,985 |  |  | $ | 5,529 |  |  | $ | 3,160 |  |  | $ | 3,350 |  |  | $ | 1,135 |  |  | $ | 1,316 |
Change in fair value of plan assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
At January 1 | $ | 6,224 |  |  | $ | 5,398 |  |  | $ | 2,036 |  |  | $ | 1,855 |  |  | $ | 1,161 |  |  | $ | 1,061 |
Actual return on plan assets | 91 |  |  | 1,199 |  |  | (60 | ) |  | 190 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 253 |
Participant contributions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Employer contributions | 65 |  |  | 166 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 28 |
Plan transfer and acquisitions | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Benefit payments | (217 | ) |  | (192 | ) |  | (133 | ) |  | (130 | ) |  | (38 | ) |  | (51 | )
Actual Expenses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Foreign currency impact | (257 | ) |  | (347 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (133 | ) |  | (128 | )
At December 31 | $ | 5,903 |  |  | $ | 6,224 |  |  | $ | 1,951 |  |  | $ | 2,036 |  |  | $ | 1,019 |  |  | $ | 1,161 |
Market related value at end of year | $ | 5,903 |  |  | $ | 6,224 |  |  | $ | 2,064 |  |  | $ | 1,950 |  |  | $ | 1,019 |  |  | $ | 1,161 |
Amount recognized in Statement of Financial Position at December 31 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Funded status | $ | 918 |  |  | $ | 695 |  |  | $ | (1,209 | ) |  | $ | (1,314 | ) |  | $ | (158 | ) |  | $ | (238 | )
Unrecognized prior-service cost | 46 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 11 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 3 |
Unrecognized loss | 1,465 |  |  | 1,687 |  |  | 1,723 |  |  | 1,737 |  |  | 389 |  |  | 456 |
Net amount recognized | $ | 2,429 |  |  | $ | 2,404 |  |  | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | 434 |  |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | 221 |
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position | Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position consist of (in millions):
| U.K. |  | U.S. |  | Other
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Prepaid benefit cost (1) | $ | 1,012 |  |  | $ | 918 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Accrued benefit liability (2) | (94 | ) |  | (223 | ) |  | (1,209 | ) |  | (1,314 | ) |  | (158 | ) |  | (238 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | 1,511 |  |  | 1,709 |  |  | 1,732 |  |  | 1,748 |  |  | 382 |  |  | 459 |
Net amount recognized | $ | 2,429 |  |  | $ | 2,404 |  |  | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | 434 |  |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | 221 |
(1) | Included in Prepaid pension
(2) | Included in Other current liabilities and Pension, other post retirement, and post employment liabilities
Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost | Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss (income) that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost at December 31, 2015 and 2014 consist of (in millions):
| U.K. |  | U.S. |  | Other
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Net loss | $ | 1,465 |  |  | $ | 1,687 |  |  | $ | 1,723 |  |  | $ | 1,737 |  |  | $ | 389 |  |  | $ | 456 |
Prior service cost (income) | 46 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 11 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 3 |
| $ | 1,511 |  |  | $ | 1,709 |  |  | $ | 1,732 |  |  | $ | 1,748 |  |  | $ | 382 |  |  | $ | 459 |
Components of net periodic benefit cost for the pension plans | The following table provides the components of net periodic benefit (income) cost for the plans (in millions):
| U.K. |  | U.S. |  | Other
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Service cost | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18 |
Interest cost | 198 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 45 |
Expected return on plan assets, net of administration expenses | (307 | ) |  | (326 | ) |  | (302 | ) |  | (154 | ) |  | (157 | ) |  | (139 | ) |  | (50 | ) |  | (59 | ) |  | (59 | )
Amortization of prior-service cost | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of net actuarial loss | 41 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 23 |
Curtailment gain and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |
Net periodic benefit (income) cost | $ | (66 | ) |  | $ | (42 | ) |  | $ | (41 | ) |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | 27 |
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine future benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost | The weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations are as follows:
| U.K. |  | U.S. |  | Other
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Discount rate | 3.96% |  | 3.70% |  | 3.69-4.43% |  | 3.37-4.08% |  | 2.43-3.96% |  | 2.03-3.91%
Rate of compensation increase | 3.63-4.13% |  | 3.35-4.05% |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | 2.00-3.50% |  | 2.25-3.50%
Underlying price inflation | 1.88% |  | 1.95% |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | 2.00-2.50% |  | 2.00-2.50%
The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit cost are as follows:
| U.K. |  | U.S. |  | Other
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Discount rate | 3.70% |  | 4.55% |  | 4.45% |  | 3.37 - 4.08% |  | 3.97 - 4.87% |  | 3.73 - 4.05% |  | 2.03 - 3.91% |  | 3.60 - 4.71% |  | 3.25 - 3.89%
Expected return on plan assets, net of administration expenses | 5.09% |  | 6.00% |  | 6.30% |  | 7.96% |  | 8.80% |  | 8.80% |  | 3.99 - 5.21% |  | 4.70 - 6.50% |  | 4.60 - 6.50%
Rate of compensation increase | 3.55 - 4.05% |  | 3.70 - 4.40% |  | 3.25 - 3.85% |  | NA |  | NA |  | N/A |  | 2.25 - 3.50% |  | 2.25 - 3.50% |  | 2.25 - 3.50%
Estimated Future Benefit Payments | Estimated future benefit payments for plans are as follows at December 31, 2015 (in millions):
|  | U.K. |  | U.S. |  | Other
2016 |  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 38 |
2017 |  | 149 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 39 |
2018 |  | 157 |  |  | 184 |  |  | 40 |
2019 |  | 170 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 41 |
2020 |  | 180 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 42 |
2021 – 2025 |  | 1,048 |  |  | 952 |  |  | 227 |
U.S. [Member] |
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] |
Fair values of pension plan assets | The fair values of the Company's U.S. pension plan assets at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, by asset category, are as follows (in millions):
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
Asset Category | Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents (1) | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Equity investments: (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Large cap domestic | 299 |  |  | 299 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Small cap domestic | 88 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 58 |  |  | — |
International | 262 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 210 |  |  | — |
Equity derivatives | 203 |  |  | 170 |  |  | 33 |  |  | — |
Fixed income investments: (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds | 484 |  |  | — |  |  | 148 |  |  | 336 |
Government and agency bonds | 128 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |
Asset-backed securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Fixed income derivatives | 69 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |
Other investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Alternative investments (4) | 305 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 305 |
Commodity derivatives (5) | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |
Real estate and REITS (6) | 67 |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,951 |  |  | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | 560 |  |  | $ | 641 |
(1) | Consists of cash and institutional short-term investment funds.
(2) | Consists of equity securities, equity derivatives, and pooled equity funds.
(3) | Consists of corporate and government bonds, asset-backed securities, and fixed income derivatives.
(4) | Consists of limited partnerships, private equity and hedge funds.
(5) | Consists of long-dated options and swaps on a commodity index.
(6) | Consists of exchange traded real estate investment trusts ("REITS").
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
Asset Category | Balance at December 31, 2014 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents (1) | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Equity investments: (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Large cap domestic | 329 |  |  | 329 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Small cap domestic | 85 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 63 |  |  | — |
International | 258 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 144 |  |  | — |
Equity derivatives | 285 |  |  | 209 |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |
Fixed income investments: (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds | 503 |  |  | — |  |  | 151 |  |  | 352 |
Government and agency bonds | 109 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 80 |  |  | — |
Asset-backed securities | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |
Fixed income derivatives | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | 49 |  |  | — |
Other investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Alternative investments (4) | 272 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 272 |
Commodity derivatives (5) | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | — |
Real estate and REITS (6) | 66 |  |  | 66 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 2,036 |  |  | $ | 837 |  |  | $ | 575 |  |  | $ | 624 |
(1) | Consists of cash and institutional short-term investment funds.
(2) | Consists of equity securities, equity derivatives, and pooled equity funds.
(3) | Consists of corporate and government bonds, asset-backed securities, and fixed income derivatives.
(4) | Consists of limited partnerships, private equity and hedge funds.
(5) | Consists of long-dated options on a commodity index.
(6) | Consists of exchange traded REITS.
Changes in the Level 3 fair-value category | The following table presents the changes in the Level 3 fair-value category in the Company's U.S. pension plans for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in millions):
| Fair Value Measurement Using Level 3 Inputs
Balance at January 1, 2014 | $ | 266 |
Actual return on plan assets: |
Relating to assets still held at December 31, 2014 | 32 |
Relating to assets sold during 2014 | 5 |
Purchases, sales and settlements—net | 321 |
Transfer in/(out) of Level 3 | — |
Balance at December 31, 2014 | 624 |
Actual return on plan assets: |
Relating to assets still held at December 31, 2015 | (4 | )
Relating to assets sold during 2015 | (3 | )
Purchases, sales and settlements—net | 24 |
Transfer in/(out) of Level 3 | — |
Balance at December 31, 2015 | $ | 641 |
U.K. [Member] |
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] |
Fair values of pension plan assets | The fair values of the Company's major U.K. pension plan assets at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, by asset category, are as follows (in millions):
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
| Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Equity investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pooled funds: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Global | 360 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 299 |  |  | — |
Europe | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |
Equity securities — global (2) | 133 |  |  | 133 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Derivatives (2) | 66 |  |  | — |  |  | 66 |  |  | — |
Fixed income investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pooled funds: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities | 283 |  |  | — |  |  | 259 |  |  | 24 |
Fixed income securities (3) | 3,145 |  |  | 2,268 |  |  | 877 |  |  | — |
Annuities | 827 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 827 |
Derivatives (3) | 111 |  |  | — |  |  | 111 |  |  | — |
Other investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pooled funds: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate (4) | 65 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 65 |
Alternative investments (5) | 717 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 713 |
Real estate | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |
Total | $ | 5,903 |  |  | $ | 2,621 |  |  | $ | 1,633 |  |  | $ | 1,649 |
(1) | Consists of various equity, fixed income, commodity, and real estate mutual fund type investment vehicles.
(2) | Consists of equity securities and equity derivatives.
(3) | Consists of corporate and government bonds and fixed income derivatives.
(4) | Consists of property funds and trusts holding direct real estate investments.
(5) | Consists of limited partnerships, private equity and hedge funds.
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
| Balance at December 31, 2014 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Equity investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pooled funds: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Global | 203 |  |  | — |  |  | 203 |  |  | — |
Europe | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |
Equity securities — global (2) | 127 |  |  | 127 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Derivatives (2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Fixed income investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pooled funds: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities | 279 |  |  | — |  |  | 279 |  |  | — |
Fixed income securities (3) | 3,292 |  |  | 3,292 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Annuities | 836 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 836 |
Derivatives (3) | 233 |  |  | — |  |  | 233 |  |  | — |
Other investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pooled funds: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate (4) | 39 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39 |
Alternative investments (5) | 968 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 968 |
Real estate | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Total | $ | 6,224 |  |  | $ | 3,643 |  |  | $ | 731 |  |  | $ | 1,850 |
(1) | Consists of various equity, fixed income, commodity, and real estate mutual fund type investment vehicles.
(2) | Consists of equity securities and equity derivatives.
(3) | Consists of corporate and government bonds and fixed income derivatives.
(4) | Consists of property funds and trusts holding direct real estate investments.
(5) | Consists of limited partnerships, private equity and hedge funds.
Changes in the Level 3 fair-value category | The following table presents the changes in the Level 3 fair-value category in the Company's U.K. pension plans for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in millions):
| Fair Value Measurements Using Level 3 Inputs
| Annuities |  | Real Estate |  | Alternative Investments |  | Fixed |  | Total
Balance at January 1, 2014 | $ | 564 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 546 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,133 |
Actual return on plan assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Relating to assets still held at December 31, 2014 | (13 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | 319 |  |  | — |  |  | 309 |
Relating to assets sold during 2014 | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Purchases, sales and settlements—net | 333 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 359 |  |  | — |  |  | 713 |
Transfers in/(out) of Level 3 | — |  |  | — |  |  | (206 | ) |  | — |  |  | (206 | )
Foreign exchange | (48 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (55 | ) |  | — |  |  | (105 | )
Balance at December 31, 2014 | 836 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 968 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,850 |
Actual return on plan assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Relating to assets still held at December 31, 2015 | (32 | ) |  | 11 |  |  | (17 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (45 | )
Relating to assets sold during 2015 | — |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (9 | )
Purchases, sales and settlements—net | 58 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 168 |
Transfers in/(out) of Level 3 | — |  |  | — |  |  | (266 | ) |  | 24 |  |  | (242 | )
Foreign exchange | (35 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (34 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (73 | )
Balance at December 31, 2015 | $ | 827 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 713 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 1,649 |
U.S. and Canadian Other Post-Retirement Benefits [Member] |
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] |
Reconciliation of the changes in the benefit obligations and fair value of assets and a statement of the funded status | The following table provides an overview of the accumulated projected benefit obligation, fair value of plan assets, funded status and net amount recognized as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 for the Company's other significant post-retirement benefit plans located in the U.S. and Canada (in millions):
| 2015 |  | 2014
Accumulated projected benefit obligation | $ | 105 |  |  | $ | 116 |
Fair value of plan assets | 18 |  |  | 19 |
Funded status | (87 | ) |  | (97 | )
Unrecognized prior-service credit | (3 | ) |  | (4 | )
Unrecognized loss | 7 |  |  | 15 |
Net amount recognized | $ | (83 | ) |  | $ | (86 | )
Fair values of pension plan assets | The fair values of the Company's Other major pension plan assets at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, by asset category, are as follows (in millions):
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
| Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Equity investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pooled funds: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Global | 270 |  |  | — |  |  | 270 |  |  | — |
North America | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |
Fixed income investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pooled funds: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities | 576 |  |  | — |  |  | 576 |  |  | — |
Derivatives | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |
Fixed income securities (2) | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |
Derivatives (2) | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | — |
Other investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pooled funds: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodities | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |
REITS (3) | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Alternative investments (4) | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Derivatives | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,019 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 999 |  |  | $ | 9 |
(1) | Consists of various equity, fixed income, commodity, and real estate mutual fund type investment vehicles.
(2) | Consists of corporate and government bonds and fixed income derivatives.
(3) | Consists of property funds and trusts holding direct real estate investments.
(4) | Consists of limited partnerships, private equity and hedge funds.
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
| Balance at December 31, 2014 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Equity investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pooled funds: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Global | 295 |  |  | — |  |  | 295 |  |  | — |
North America | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |
Fixed income investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pooled funds: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities | 629 |  |  | — |  |  | 629 |  |  | — |
Derivatives | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |
Fixed income securities (2) | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |
Derivatives (2) | 74 |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | — |
Other investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pooled funds: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodities | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |
REITS (3) | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Alternative investments (4) | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Derivatives | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 1,161 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 1,141 |  |  | $ | 8 |
(1) | Consists of various equity, fixed income, commodity, and real estate mutual fund type investment vehicles.
(2) | Consists of corporate and government bonds and fixed income derivatives.
(3) | Consists of property funds and trusts holding direct real estate investments.
(4) | Consists of limited partnerships, private equity and hedge funds.
Changes in the Level 3 fair-value category | The following table presents the changes in the Level 3 fair-value category in the Company's other pension plans for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in millions):
| Fair Value Measurements Using Level 3 Inputs
| Real Estate |  | Alternative Investments |  | Total
Balance at January 1, 2014 | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 25 |
Actual return on plan assets: |  |  |  |  |
Relating to assets still held at December 31, 2014 | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Relating to assets sold during 2014 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Purchases, sales and settlements—net | (17 | ) |  | — |  |  | (17 | )
Transfers in/(out) of Level 3 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | )
Balance at December 31, 2014 | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |
Actual return on plan assets: |  |  |  |  |
Relating to assets still held at December 31, 2015 | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Relating to assets sold during 2015 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Purchases, sales and settlements—net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Transfers in/(out) of Level 3 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | )
Balance at December 31, 2015 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 9 |
Other information related to the Company's other post-retirement benefit plans | Other information related to the Company's other post-retirement benefit plans are as follows:
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Net periodic benefit cost recognized (millions) | $6 |  | $3 |  | $4
Weighted-average discount rate used to determine future benefit obligations | 3.99-4.33% |  | 3.83 - 4.08 |  | 4.44 - 4.95
Weighted-average discount rate used to determine net periodic benefit costs | 3.83-4.08% |  | 4.44 - 4.95 |  | 3.67 - 4.00

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