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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Earnings from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes

Components of earnings before income taxes are as follows:

Years ended December 31			2024						2023						2022
United States			$	1,705					$	1,744					$	1,312
Other nations			267						402						203
			$	1,972					$	2,146					$	1,515

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Components of income tax expense are as follows:

Years ended December 31			2024						2023						2022
United States Federal			$	434					$	269					$	240
Other nations			38						125						159
States (U.S.)			133						70						83
Current income tax expense			605						464						482
United States Federal			(221)						(30)						(179)
Other nations			40						(9)						(118)
States (U.S.)			(34)						7						(37)
Deferred income tax benefit			(215)						(32)						(334)
Total income tax expense			$	390					$	432					$	148

Federal Statutory Tax Rate and Income Tax Expense

Differences between income tax expense computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% and income tax expense as reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows:

Years ended December 31			2024									2023									2022
Income tax expense at statutory rate			$	414		21.0		%				$	450		21.0		%				$	318		21.0		%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit			66			3.3		%				71			3.3		%				76			5.0		%
Non-U.S. tax expense on non-U.S. earnings			24			1.2		%				15			0.7		%				1			0.1		%
U.S. tax expense (benefit) on undistributed non-U.S. earnings			(27)			(1.4)		%				(44)			(2.1)		%				(43)			(2.8)		%
IP reorganization			(171)			(8.7)		%				—			—		%				(77)			(5.1)		%
Extinguishment of Silver Lake convertible debt			148			7.5		%				—			—		%				—			—		%
Stock compensation			(45)			(2.3)		%				(33)			(1.5)		%				(68)			(4.5)		%
Valuation allowances			5			0.3		%				(13)			(0.6)		%				(51)			(3.4)		%
Research credits			(24)			(1.2)		%				(19)			(0.9)		%				(16)			(1.1)		%
Reserve for uncertain tax positions			(6)			(0.3)		%				(3)			(0.1)		%				(6)			(0.4)		%
Other tax expense (benefit)			6			0.3		%				8			0.4		%				14			0.9		%
			$	390		19.8		%				$	432		20.1		%				$	148		9.8		%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant components of deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows: 

December 31			2024						2023
Inventory			$	30					$	30
Accrued liabilities and allowances			87						77
Employee benefits			221						270
Capitalized items			391						146
Tax basis differences on investments			2						4
Depreciation tax basis differences on fixed assets			(31)						(2)
Undistributed non-U.S. earnings			(23)						(28)
Tax attribute carryforwards			98						115
Business reorganization			7						9
Warranty and customer liabilities			24						22
Deferred revenue and costs			420						406
Valuation allowances			(62)						(63)
Operating lease assets			(128)						(120)
Operating lease liabilities			134						129
Other			24						10
			$	1,194					$	1,005

Summary of Tax Credit Carryforwards

Tax attribute carryforwards are as follows: 

December 31, 2024			Gross Tax Loss						Tax Effected						Expiration Period
United States:
U.S. tax losses			$	127					$	27					2025-2037
General business credits			—						1						2030-2036
State tax losses			—						8						2027-2044
State tax credits			—						3						2025-2043
Non-U.S. subsidiaries:
United Kingdom tax losses			143						36						Unlimited
Canada tax losses			17						5						2034-2044
Canada tax credits			—						5						2038-2044
Other subsidiaries tax losses			66						13						Various
									$	98

Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Including Those Attributable to Discontinued Operations

A roll-forward of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: 

(in millions)			2024						2023
Balance at January 1			$	32					$	35
Additions based on tax positions related to current year			1						1
Additions for tax positions of prior years			18						1
Reductions for tax positions of prior years			(1)						(1)
Settlements and agreements			(5)						—
Lapse of statute of limitations			(3)						(4)
Balance at December 31			$	42					$	32

Summary of Open Tax Years by Major Jurisdiction

A summary of open tax years by major jurisdiction is presented below: 

Jurisdiction			Tax Years
United States			2021-2024
Australia			2020-2024
Canada			2020-2024
Germany			2018-2024
India			1997-2024
Israel			2019-2024
Poland			2019-2024
Malaysia			2017-2024
United Kingdom			2022-2024

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