10-Q 1 emr-3312019x10q.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
______________________
FORM 10-Q
ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019
OR
¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ____________________ to __________________
Commission file number 1-278
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Missouri (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | 43-0259330 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
8000 W. Florissant Ave. P.O. Box 4100 St. Louis, Missouri (Address of principal executive offices) | 63136 (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (314) 553-2000
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ý | Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer ¨ | Smaller reporting company ¨
| Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý
1

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock of $0.50 par value per share | EMR | New York Stock Exchange Chicago Stock Exchange
1.250% Notes due 2025 | EMR 25A | New York Stock Exchange
2.000% Notes due 2029 | EMR 29 | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. Common stock of $0.50 par value per share outstanding at April 30, 2019: 615,026,583 shares.
2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Consolidated Statements of Earnings
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
Three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2019
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts; unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |
Net sales | $ | 4,248 |  |  | 4,570 |  |  | 8,064 |  |  | 8,717 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 2,431 |  |  | 2,645 |  |  | 4,633 |  |  | 5,031 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,035 |  |  | 1,145 |  |  | 2,030 |  |  | 2,222 |
Other deductions, net | 88 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 166 |  |  | 107 |
Interest expense (net of interest income of $14, $7, $25 and $12, respectively) | 36 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 91 |
Earnings before income taxes | 658 |  |  | 675 |  |  | 1,161 |  |  | 1,266 |
Income taxes | 169 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 278 |  |  | 274 |
Net earnings | 489 |  |  | 525 |  |  | 883 |  |  | 992 |
Less: Noncontrolling interests in earnings of subsidiaries | 7 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 7 |
Net earnings common stockholders | $ | 482 |  |  | 520 |  |  | 874 |  |  | 985 |
Basic earnings per share common stockholders | $ | 0.76 |  |  | 0.85 |  |  | 1.37 |  |  | 1.59 |
Diluted earnings per share common stockholders | $ | 0.76 |  |  | 0.84 |  |  | 1.37 |  |  | 1.58 |
Cash dividends per common share | $ | 0.485 |  |  | 0.49 |  |  | 0.97 |  |  | 0.98 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
Three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2019
(Dollars in millions; unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2018 |  |  |  | 2019 |  |  |  | 2018 |  |  |  | 2019 |
Net earnings |  | $ | 489 |  |  |  | 525 |  |  |  | 883 |  |  |  | 992 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation |  | 148 |  |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 155 |  |  |  | 53 |
Pension and postretirement |  | 22 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 25 |
Cash flow hedges |  | (5 | ) |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | 10 |
Total other comprehensive income |  | 165 |  |  |  | 125 |  |  |  | 192 |  |  |  | 88 |
Comprehensive income |  | 654 |  |  |  | 650 |  |  |  | 1,075 |  |  |  | 1,080 |
Less: Noncontrolling interests in comprehensive income of subsidiaries |  | 7 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 8 |
Comprehensive income common stockholders |  | $ | 647 |  |  |  | 644 |  |  |  | 1,066 |  |  |  | 1,072 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

Consolidated Balance Sheets
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts; unaudited)

| Sept 30, 2018 |  | Mar 31, 2019
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |
Cash and equivalents | $ | 1,093 |  |  | 1,384 |
Receivables, less allowances of $113 and $105, respectively | 3,023 |  |  | 2,911 |
Inventories | 1,813 |  |  | 2,073 |
Other current assets | 690 |  |  | 784 |
Total current assets | 6,619 |  |  | 7,152 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 3,562 |  |  | 3,615 |
Other assets |  |  |  |
Goodwill | 6,455 |  |  | 6,509 |
Other intangible assets | 2,751 |  |  | 2,701 |
Other | 1,003 |  |  | 1,094 |
Total other assets | 10,209 |  |  | 10,304 |
Total assets | $ | 20,390 |  |  | 21,071 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Short-term borrowings and current maturities of long-term debt | $ | 1,623 |  |  | 2,551 |
Accounts payable | 1,943 |  |  | 1,730 |
Accrued expenses | 2,534 |  |  | 2,349 |
Income taxes | 64 |  |  | 84 |
Total current liabilities | 6,164 |  |  | 6,714 |
Long-term debt | 3,137 |  |  | 3,786 |
Other liabilities | 2,099 |  |  | 1,999 |
Equity |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $0.50 par value; authorized, 1,200.0 shares; issued, 953.4 shares; outstanding, 629.2 shares and 614.8 shares, respectively | 477 |  |  | 477 |
Additional paid-in-capital | 348 |  |  | 380 |
Retained earnings | 23,072 |  |  | 23,475 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (1,015 | ) |  | (928 | )
Cost of common stock in treasury, 324.2 shares and 338.5 shares, respectively | (13,935 | ) |  | (14,878 | )
Common stockholders’ equity | 8,947 |  |  | 8,526 |
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries | 43 |  |  | 46 |
Total equity | 8,990 |  |  | 8,572 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 20,390 |  |  | 21,071 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
Six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2019
(Dollars in millions; unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended
|  | March 31,
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |
Operating activities |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 883 |  |  | 992 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 378 |  |  | 406 |
Changes in operating working capital |  | (363 | ) |  | (530 | )
Other, net |  | 46 |  |  | (12 | )
Cash provided by operating activities |  | 944 |  |  | 856 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | (194 | ) |  | (274 | )
Purchases of businesses, net of cash and equivalents acquired |  | (770 | ) |  | (243 | )
Divestitures of businesses |  | 221 |  |  | 5 |
Other, net |  | (42 | ) |  | (65 | )
Cash used in investing activities |  | (785 | ) |  | (577 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |
Net increase in short-term borrowings |  | 782 |  |  | 851 |
Proceeds from long-term debt |  | — |  |  | 1,135 |
Payments of long-term debt |  | (251 | ) |  | (406 | )
Dividends paid |  | (618 | ) |  | (607 | )
Purchases of common stock |  | (750 | ) |  | (1,000 | )
Other, net |  | (6 | ) |  | 29 |
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | (843 | ) |  | 2 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents |  | 66 |  |  | 10 |
Increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents |  | (618 | ) |  | 291 |
Beginning cash and equivalents |  | 3,062 |  |  | 1,093 |
Ending cash and equivalents |  | $ | 2,444 |  |  | 1,384 |
Changes in operating working capital |  |  |  |
Receivables |  | $ | 80 |  |  | 175 |
Inventories |  | (172 | ) |  | (205 | )
Other current assets |  | (12 | ) |  | (82 | )
Accounts payable |  | (161 | ) |  | (211 | )
Accrued expenses |  | (149 | ) |  | (222 | )
Income taxes |  | 51 |  |  | 15 |
Total changes in operating working capital |  | $ | (363 | ) |  | (530 | )

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
6

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
(Dollars, euros and shares in millions, except per share amounts or where noted)
(1) BASIS OF PRESENTATION
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of operating results for the interim periods presented. Adjustments consist of normal and recurring accruals. The consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the requirements of Form 10-Q and consequently do not include all disclosures required for annual financial statements presented in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.
On October 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which updated and consolidated revenue recognition guidance from multiple sources into a single, comprehensive standard to be applied for all contracts with customers. The fundamental principle of the revised standard is to recognize revenue based on the transfer of goods and services to customers at the amount the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods and services. The Company adopted the new standard using the modified retrospective approach and applied the guidance to open contracts which were not completed at the date of adoption. The cumulative effect of adoption resulted in a $25 increase to beginning retained earnings as of October 1, 2018. This increase primarily relates to contracts where a portion of revenue for delivered goods or services was previously deferred due to contingent payment terms. The adoption of ASC 606 did not materially impact the Company's consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019.
In the first quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company adopted updates to ASC 715, Compensation - Retirement Benefits, which permit only the service cost component of net periodic pension and postretirement expense to be reported with compensation costs, while all other components are required to be reported separately in other deductions. These updates were adopted retrospectively and resulted in the reclassification of income for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 of $11 and $21, respectively, from cost of sales and SG&A to other deductions, net. Segment earnings were not impacted by the updates to ASC 715.
(2) REVENUE RECOGNITION
Emerson is a global manufacturer that combines technology and engineering to provide innovative solutions to its customers, largely in the form of tangible products. The Company evaluates its contracts with customers to identify the promised goods or services and recognizes revenue for the identified performance obligations at the amount the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. Revenue is recognized when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied and control has transferred to the customer, typically when products are shipped or delivered, title and risk of loss pass to the customer, and the Company has a present right to payment. The vast majority of the Company's revenues relate to a broad offering of manufactured products which are recognized at the point in time when control transfers, generally in accordance with shipping terms. A portion of the Company's revenues relate to the sale of software and post-contract customer support, parts and labor for repairs, and engineering services. In limited circumstances, contracts include multiple performance obligations, where revenue is recognized separately for each good or service, as well as contracts where revenue is recognized over time as control transfers to the customer.
Revenue is recognized over time for approximately 5 percent of the Company's revenues. These contracts largely relate to projects in the Process Control Systems & Solutions product offering within the Automation Solutions segment where revenue is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method to reflect the transfer of control over time, while a small amount is attributable to long-term maintenance and service contracts where revenue is typically recognized on a straight-line basis as the services are provided. Approximately 5 percent of revenues relate to sales arrangements with multiple performance obligations, principally in the Automation Solutions segment. Tangible products represent a large majority of the delivered items in contracts with multiple performance
7

obligations or where revenue is recognized over time, while a smaller portion is attributable to installation, service and maintenance.
For revenues recognized over time, the Company typically uses an input method to determine progress and recognize revenue, based on costs incurred. The Company believes costs incurred closely correspond with its performance under the contract and the transfer of control to the customer.
In sales arrangements that involve multiple performance obligations, revenue is allocated based on the relative standalone selling price for each performance obligation. Observable selling prices from actual transactions are used whenever possible. In other instances, the Company determines the standalone selling price based on third-party pricing or management's best estimate. Generally, contract duration is short-term, and cancellation, termination or refund provisions apply only in the event of contract breach and are rarely invoked.
Payment terms vary but are generally short-term in nature. The Company's long-term contracts, where revenue is generally recognized over time, are typically billed as work progresses in accordance with the contract terms and conditions, either at periodic intervals or upon achievement of certain milestones. The timing of revenue recognition and billings under these contracts results in either unbilled receivables (contract assets) when revenue recognized exceeds billings, or customer advances (contract liabilities) when billings exceed revenue recognized. Unbilled receivables are reclassified to accounts receivable when an unconditional right to consideration exists, typically when a milestone in the contract is achieved. The Company does not evaluate whether the transaction price includes a significant financing component for contracts where the time between cash collection and performance is less than one year.
Certain arrangements with customers include variable consideration, typically in the form of rebates, cash discounts or penalties. In limited circumstances, the Company sells products with a general right of return. In most instances, returns are limited to product quality issues. The Company records a reduction to revenue at the time of sale to reflect the ultimate amount of consideration it expects to receive. The Company's estimates are updated quarterly based on historical experience, trend analysis, and expected market conditions. Variable consideration is typically not constrained at the time revenue is recognized.
The Company offers warranties, which vary by product line and are competitive for the markets in which the Company operates. Warranties are largely offered to provide assurance that the product will function as intended and generally extend for a period of one to two years from the date of sale or installation. Provisions for warranty expense are estimated at the time of sale based on historical experience and adjusted quarterly for any known issues that may arise. Product warranty expense is less than one percent of sales.
Capitalized amounts related to incremental costs to obtain customer contracts and costs to fulfill contracts are immaterial.
The following table summarizes the balances of the Company's unbilled receivables (contract assets), which are reported in Other current assets, and its customer advances (contract liabilities), which are reported in Accrued expenses.

| Sept 30, 2018 |  | Mar 31, 2019
Unbilled receivables (contract assets) |  | $ | 321 |  |  |  | 426 |
Customer advances (contract liabilities) |  | (510 | ) |  |  | (532 | )
Net contract liabilities |  | $ | (189 | ) |  |  | (106 | )

The majority of the Company's contract balances relate to arrangements where revenue is recognized over time and payments from customers are made according to a contractual billing schedule. The decrease in net contract liabilities was due to revenue recognized for performance completed during the period which exceeded customer billings. Revenue recognized for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 included approximately $105 and $325, respectively, that was included in the beginning contract liability balance. No other factors materially impacted the change in net contract liabilities. Revenue recognized for the six months ended March 31, 2019 for performance obligations that were fully satisfied in previous periods, including cumulative catchup adjustments on the Company's long-term contracts, was not material.
8

As of March 31, 2019, the Company's backlog relating to unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations in contracts with its customers was approximately $5.6 billion. The Company expects to recognize approximately 85 percent of its remaining performance obligations as revenue over the next 12 months, with the remainder substantially over the subsequent two years thereafter.
See Note 12 for additional information about the Company's revenues.
(3) WEIGHTED-AVERAGE COMMON SHARES
Reconciliations of weighted-average shares for basic and diluted earnings per common share follow. Earnings allocated to participating securities were inconsequential.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |
Basic shares outstanding | 632.6 |  |  | 614.0 |  |  | 635.4 |  |  | 619.0 |
Dilutive shares | 3.4 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 3.9 |
Diluted shares outstanding | 636.0 |  |  | 618.1 |  |  | 638.3 |  |  | 622.9 |

(4) OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION

| Sept 30, 2018 |  | Mar 31, 2019
Inventories |  |  |  |  |
Finished products |  | $ | 592 |  |  |  | 684 |
Raw materials and work in process |  | 1,221 |  |  |  | 1,389 |
Total |  | $ | 1,813 |  |  |  | 2,073 |

Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment, at cost |  | $ | 8,370 |  |  |  | 8,634 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation |  | 4,808 |  |  |  | 5,019 |
Total |  | $ | 3,562 |  |  |  | 3,615 |

Goodwill by business segment |  |  |  |  |
Automation Solutions |  | $ | 5,355 |  |  |  | 5,421 |
Climate Technologies |  | 670 |  |  |  | 672 |
Tools & Home Products |  | 430 |  |  |  | 416 |
Commercial & Residential Solutions |  | 1,100 |  |  |  | 1,088 |
Total |  | $ | 6,455 |  |  |  | 6,509 |

Other intangible assets |  |  |
Gross carrying amount |  | $ | 4,667 |  |  |  | 4,787 |
Less: Accumulated amortization |  | 1,916 |  |  |  | 2,086 |
Net carrying amount |  | $ | 2,751 |  |  |  | 2,701 |
Other intangible assets include customer relationships of $1,445 and $1,517 as of March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively.

Other assets include the following: |  |  |  |  |
Pension assets |  | $ | 591 |  |  |  | 673 |
Asbestos-related insurance receivables |  | $ | 124 |  |  |  | 118 |
Deferred income taxes |  | $ | 74 |  |  |  | 83 |

9

| Sept 30, 2018 |  | Mar 31, 2019
Accrued expenses include the following: |  |  |  |  |
Employee compensation |  | $ | 629 |  |  |  | 525 |
Customer advances |  | $ | 510 |  |  |  | 532 |
Product warranty |  | $ | 124 |  |  |  | 119 |

Other liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Pension and postretirement liabilities |  | $ | 625 |  |  |  | 624 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 484 |  |  |  | 483 |
Asbestos litigation |  | 334 |  |  |  | 328 |
Other |  | 656 |  |  |  | 564 |
Total |  | $ | 2,099 |  |  |  | 1,999 |

(5) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Following is a discussion regarding the Company’s use of financial instruments:
Hedging Activities – As of March 31, 2019, the notional amount of foreign currency hedge positions was approximately $2.3 billion, and commodity hedge contracts totaled approximately $118 (primarily 45 million pounds of copper and aluminum). All derivatives receiving hedge accounting are cash flow hedges. The majority of hedging gains and losses deferred as of March 31, 2019 are expected to be recognized over the next 12 months as the underlying forecasted transactions occur. Gains and losses on foreign currency derivatives reported in Other deductions, net reflect hedges of balance sheet exposures that do not receive hedge accounting. The following gains and losses are included in earnings and other comprehensive income (OCI) for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:

|  |  |  | Into Earnings |  | Into OCI
|  |  |  | 2nd Quarter |  | Six Months |  | 2nd Quarter |  | Six Months
Gains (Losses) |  | Location |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |
Commodity |  | Cost of sales |  | $ | 6 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 11 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | 10 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |
Foreign currency |  | Sales, cost of sales |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 22 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 10 |
Foreign currency |  | Other deductions, net |  | (12 | ) |  | 29 |  |  | (12 | ) |  | 40 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | 30 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 40 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |

Regardless of whether derivatives receive hedge accounting, the Company expects hedging gains or losses to be essentially offset by losses or gains on the related underlying exposures. The amounts ultimately recognized will differ from those presented above for open positions, which remain subject to ongoing market price fluctuations until settlement. Derivatives receiving hedge accounting are highly effective and no amounts were excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, including for the net investment hedge described below. Hedge ineffectiveness was immaterial for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
Net Investment Hedge – In January 2019, the Company issued €500 of 1.25% notes due October 2025 and €500 of 2.0% notes due October 2029. The net proceeds from the sale of the notes were used to repay commercial paper borrowings and for general corporate purposes. The euro notes reduce foreign currency risk associated with the Company's international subsidiaries that use the euro as their functional currency and have been designated as a hedge of a portion of the investment in these operations. A pretax gain of $6 ($5 after-tax) was recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 related to the net investment hedge. Amounts deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) will remain until the hedged investment is sold or substantially liquidated.
Fair Value Measurement – Valuations for all derivatives and the Company's long-term debt fall within Level 2 of the GAAP valuation hierarchy. As of March 31, 2019, the fair value of long-term debt was $4.9 billion, which exceeded the carrying value by $306.
10

The fair values of commodity and foreign currency contracts were reported in other current assets and accrued expenses as summarized below:

| September 30, 2018 |  | March 31, 2019
| Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Commodity |  | $ | 1 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |
Foreign Currency |  | $ | 35 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 15 |

Counterparties to derivatives arrangements are companies with investment-grade credit ratings. The Company has bilateral collateral arrangements with counterparties with credit rating-based posting thresholds that vary depending on the arrangement. If credit ratings on the Company's debt fall below pre-established levels, counterparties can require immediate full collateralization of all derivatives in net liability positions. The maximum amount that could potentially have been required was $7. The Company also can demand full collateralization of derivatives in net asset positions should any counterparty credit ratings fall below certain thresholds. No collateral was posted with counterparties and none was held by the Company as of March 31, 2019.
(6) EQUITY
The change in equity for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 is shown below:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |
Common stock | $ | 477 |  |  | 477 |  |  | 477 |  |  | 477 |
Additional paid-in-capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | 306 |  |  | 375 |  |  | 297 |  |  | 348 |
Stock plans | 17 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 32 |
Ending balance | 323 |  |  | 380 |  |  | 323 |  |  | 380 |
Retained earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | 22,079 |  |  | 23,252 |  |  | 21,995 |  |  | 23,072 |
Net earnings common stockholders | 482 |  |  | 520 |  |  | 874 |  |  | 985 |
Dividends paid | (307 | ) |  | (302 | ) |  | (618 | ) |  | (607 | )
Adoption of accounting standard updates | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 25 |
Ending balance | 22,254 |  |  | 23,475 |  |  | 22,254 |  |  | 23,475 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | (992 | ) |  | (1,052 | ) |  | (1,019 | ) |  | (1,015 | )
Foreign currency translation | 148 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 52 |
Pension and postretirement | 22 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 25 |
Cash flow hedges | (5 | ) |  | 25 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 10 |
Ending balance | (827 | ) |  | (928 | ) |  | (827 | ) |  | (928 | )
Treasury stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | (13,521 | ) |  | (14,816 | ) |  | (13,032 | ) |  | (13,935 | )
Purchases | (250 | ) |  | (75 | ) |  | (750 | ) |  | (1,000 | )
Issued under stock plans | 36 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 57 |
Ending balance | (13,735 | ) |  | (14,878 | ) |  | (13,735 | ) |  | (14,878 | )
Common stockholders' equity | 8,492 |  |  | 8,526 |  |  | 8,492 |  |  | 8,526 |
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | 39 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 43 |
Net earnings | 7 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 7 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Dividends paid | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16 | ) |  | (5 | )
Ending balance | 45 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 46 |
Total equity | $ | 8,537 |  |  | 8,572 |  |  | 8,537 |  |  | 8,572 |

11

(7) ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Activity in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 is shown below:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2018 |  |  |  | 2019 |  |  |  | 2018 |  |  |  | 2019 |
Foreign currency translation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | (362 | ) |  |  | (635 | ) |  |  | (369 | ) |  |  | (600 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  | 148 |  |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | 172 |  |  |  | 52 |
Reclassified to gain/loss on sale of business |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | — |
Ending balance |  | (214 | ) |  |  | (548 | ) |  |  | (214 | ) |  |  | (548 | )
Pension and postretirement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | (639 | ) |  |  | (407 | ) |  |  | (662 | ) |  |  | (420 | )
Amortization of deferred actuarial losses into earnings |  | 22 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 25 |
Ending balance |  | (617 | ) |  |  | (395 | ) |  |  | (617 | ) |  |  | (395 | )
Cash flow hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | 9 |  |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 5 |
Deferral of gains (losses) arising during the period |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10 |
Reclassification of realized (gains) losses to sales and cost of sales |  | (4 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | — |
Ending balance |  | 4 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 15 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | (827 | ) |  |  | (928 | ) |  |  | (827 | ) |  |  | (928 | )
Activity above is shown net of income taxes for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, as follows: foreign currency translation: $(1), $-, $(1), and $-; amortization of pension and postretirement deferred actuarial losses: $(4), $(8), $(8), and $(16); deferral of cash flow hedging gains (losses): $(8), $-, $(3), and $-; reclassification of realized cash flow hedging (gains) losses: $-, $2, $-, and $3.

(8) PENSION & POSTRETIREMENT PLANS
Total periodic pension and postretirement (income) expense is summarized below:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  |  | 2019
Service cost |  | $ | 19 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 36 |
Interest cost |  | 47 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 100 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (88 | ) |  |  | (88 | ) |  |  | (175 | ) |  |  | (176 | )
Net amortization |  | 30 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 33 |
Total |  | $ | 8 |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | (7 | )

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(9) OTHER DEDUCTIONS, NET
Other deductions, net are summarized below:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  |  |  | 2019 |  |  |  | 2018 |  |  |  | 2019 |
Amortization of intangibles |  | $ | 51 |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | 117 |
Restructuring costs |  | 9 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 20 |
Other |  | 28 |  |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | (30 | )
Total |  | $ | 88 |  |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | 166 |  |  |  | 107 |

The increase in amortization for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 is due to higher intangibles amortization of $13 and $29, respectively, which largely relates to acquisitions completed in 2018, partially offset by backlog amortization of $4 and $19, respectively, incurred in the prior year related to the valves & controls acquisition. In the second quarter of 2019, Other included lower acquisition/divestiture-related costs of $33 and a favorable impact on comparisons from pensions of $11. On a year-to-date basis, Other reflects lower acquisition/divestiture-related costs of $35, pension expenses of $22 and foreign currency transactions of $10.
(10) RESTRUCTURING COSTS
Restructuring expense reflects costs associated with the Company’s ongoing efforts to improve operational efficiency and deploy assets globally in order to remain competitive on a worldwide basis. Costs for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 largely relate to restructuring of the global cost structure consistent with the current level of economic activity, as well as the redeployment of resources for future growth.
Restructuring expense by business segment follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |
Automation Solutions |  | $ | 7 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 11 |
Climate Technologies |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 4 |
Tools & Home Products |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4 |
Commercial & Residential Solutions |  | 2 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 8 |
Corporate |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |
Total |  | $ | 9 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 20 |

Details of the change in the liability for restructuring costs during the six months ended March 31, 2019 follow:

| Sept 30, 2018 |  |  | Expense |  |  | Utilized/Paid |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 |
Severance and benefits |  | $ | 46 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 34 |
Lease and other contract terminations |  | 3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |
Asset write-downs |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |
Vacant facility and other shutdown costs |  | 3 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 2 |
Start-up and moving costs |  | — |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 52 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 38 |

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(11) INCOME TAXES
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted tax reform, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act"), which made comprehensive changes to U.S. federal income tax laws by moving from a global to a modified territorial tax regime. The Act includes a reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent in calendar year 2018 along with the elimination of certain deductions and credits, and a one-time "deemed repatriation" of accumulated foreign earnings. The Company recognized a net tax benefit of $43 ($0.07 per share) in the first quarter of fiscal 2018 and $189 ($0.30 per share) for the full year due to impacts of the Act.
Effective in fiscal 2019, the Act also subjects the Company to U.S. tax on global intangible low-taxed income earned by certain of its foreign subsidiaries. The Company has elected to recognize this tax as a period expense when it is incurred.
In the first quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company completed its accounting for the impacts of the Act and recorded a $100 benefit relating to the one-time tax on deemed repatriation of accumulated foreign earnings, which was offset by a related increase to its unrecognized tax benefits.
Given the complexities associated with the Act, additional regulatory guidance is expected to be issued. Recently, the U.S. Treasury and Internal Revenue Service released proposed regulations relating to the utilization of foreign tax credits, the calculation of global intangible low-taxed income, and other provisions of the Act. The proposed regulations were subject to a comment period and final regulations are expected to be issued after consideration of comments received. The Company will include the effects of any final regulations, as well as any additional guidance or legislative changes, in the period they are issued. In the second quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company recorded a $13 tax benefit due to the issuance of final regulations related to the one-time tax on deemed repatriation, which was unrelated to the $100 benefit described above.
Income taxes were $150 in the second quarter of 2019 and $169 in 2018, resulting in effective tax rates of 22 percent and 26 percent, respectively. The effective tax rates in both years reflect the lower U.S. corporate income tax rate as a result of the Act. The current year rate also included the impact of the $13 tax benefit discussed above.
Income taxes were $274 for the first six months of 2019 and $278 for 2018, resulting in effective tax rates of 22 percent and 24 percent, respectively. The effective tax rates in both years reflect the lower U.S. corporate income tax rate as a result of the Act. The current year rate also included favorable discrete items, which reduced the rate approximately 2 percentage points, while the prior year rate included the $43 net tax benefit discussed above.
(12) BUSINESS SEGMENTS
Summarized information about the Company's results of operations by business segment follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
| Sales |  | Earnings |  | Sales |  | Earnings
| 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |
Automation Solutions | $ | 2,771 |  |  | 3,010 |  |  | 436 |  |  | 444 |  |  | 5,343 |  |  | 5,809 |  |  | 822 |  |  | 851 |
Climate Technologies | 1,128 |  |  | 1,092 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 2,050 |  |  | 1,972 |  |  | 418 |  |  | 372 |
Tools & Home Products | 355 |  |  | 469 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 685 |  |  | 927 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 193 |
Commercial & Residential Solutions | 1,483 |  |  | 1,561 |  |  | 349 |  |  | 328 |  |  | 2,735 |  |  | 2,899 |  |  | 601 |  |  | 565 |
Differences in accounting methods |  |  |  |  | 55 |  |  | 65 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 106 |  |  | 124 |
Corporate and other |  |  |  |  | (146 | ) |  | (114 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (294 | ) |  | (183 | )
Eliminations/Interest | (6 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (36 | ) |  | (48 | ) |  | (14 | ) |  | 9 |  |  | (74 | ) |  | (91 | )
Total | $ | 4,248 |  |  | 4,570 |  |  | 658 |  |  | 675 |  |  | 8,064 |  |  | 8,717 |  |  | 1,161 |  |  | 1,266 |

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The decrease in Corporate and other for the second quarter of 2019 was primarily due to lower acquisition/divestiture-related costs of $33. On a year-to-date basis, Corporate and other also included lower incentive stock compensation of $49, reflecting a decreasing stock price in the current year compared to an increasing stock price in the prior year, while the prior year included valves & controls first year acquisition accounting charges of $10 related to inventory and $19 for backlog amortization.
Automation Solutions sales by major product offering are summarized below:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2018 |  |  |  | 2019 |  |  |  | 2018 |  |  |  | 2019 |
Measurement & Analytical Instrumentation |  | $ | 860 |  |  |  | 927 |  |  |  | $ | 1,632 |  |  |  | 1,785 |
Valves, Actuators & Regulators |  | 921 |  |  |  | 937 |  |  |  | 1,784 |  |  |  | 1,811 |
Industrial Solutions |  | 484 |  |  |  | 574 |  |  |  | 912 |  |  |  | 1,116 |
Process Control Systems & Solutions |  | 506 |  |  |  | 572 |  |  |  | 1,015 |  |  |  | 1,097 |
Automation Solutions |  | $ | 2,771 |  |  |  | 3,010 |  |  |  | $ | 5,343 |  |  |  | 5,809 |

Segment sales by geographic destination are summarized below:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2019
| Automation Solutions |  |  | Commercial & Residential Solutions |  |  | Total |  |  | Automation Solutions |  |  | Commercial & Residential Solutions |  |  | Total |
Americas | $ | 1,372 |  |  | 983 |  |  | 2,355 |  |  | 1,523 |  |  | 1,082 |  |  | 2,605 |
Asia, Middle East & Africa | 868 |  |  | 340 |  |  | 1,208 |  |  | 910 |  |  | 285 |  |  | 1,195 |
Europe | 531 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 691 |  |  | 577 |  |  | 194 |  |  | 771 |
Total | $ | 2,771 |  |  | 1,483 |  |  | 4,254 |  |  | 3,010 |  |  | 1,561 |  |  | 4,571 |
| Six Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2019
| Automation Solutions |  |  | Commercial & Residential Solutions |  |  | Total |  |  | Automation Solutions |  |  | Commercial & Residential Solutions |  |  | Total |
Americas | $ | 2,658 |  |  | 1,761 |  |  | 4,419 |  |  | 2,928 |  |  | 1,989 |  |  | 4,917 |
Asia, Middle East & Africa | 1,658 |  |  | 688 |  |  | 2,346 |  |  | 1,751 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 2,301 |
Europe | 1,027 |  |  | 286 |  |  | 1,313 |  |  | 1,130 |  |  | 360 |  |  | 1,490 |
Total | $ | 5,343 |  |  | 2,735 |  |  | 8,078 |  |  | 5,809 |  |  | 2,899 |  |  | 8,708 |

(13) ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
During the first six months of 2019, the Company acquired six businesses in the Automation Solutions segment for $243, net of cash acquired, which included the acquisition of Machine Automation Solutions (General Electric's former Intelligent Platforms business). These six businesses had combined annual sales of approximately $240.
On July 17, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of Aventics, a global provider of smart pneumatics technologies that power machine and factory automation applications, for $622, net of cash acquired. This business, which has annual sales of approximately $425, is reported in the Industrial Solutions product offering in the Automation Solutions segment. T he Company recognized goodwill of $354 ($20 of which is expected to be tax deductible), and identifiable intangible assets of $278, primarily intellectual property and customer relationships with a weighted-average useful life of approximately 12 years.
On July 2, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of Textron's tools and test equipment business for $810, net of cash acquired. This business, with annual sales of approximately $470, is a manufacturer of electrical and utility tools, diagnostics, and test and measurement instruments, and is reported in the Tools & Home products
15

segment. T he Company recognized goodwill of $361 ($17 of which is expected to be tax deductible), and identifiable intangible assets of $358, primarily intellectual property and customer relationships with a weighted-average useful life of approximately 14 years.
Valuations of acquired assets and liabilities are in process and subject to refinement.
On December 1, 2017, the Company acquired Paradigm, a provider of software solutions for the oil and gas industry, for $505, net of cash acquired. This business had annual sales of approximately $140 and is included in the Measurement & Analytical Instrumentation product offering within Automation Solutions. The Company recognized goodwill of $309 ($170 of which is expected to be tax deductible), and identifiable intangible assets of $238, primarily intellectual property and customer relationships with a weighted-average useful life of approximately 11 years.
During 2018, the Company also acquired four smaller businesses, two in the Automation Solutions segment and two in the Climate Technologies segment.
On October 2, 2017, the Company sold its residential storage business for $200 in cash, and recognized a small pretax gain and an after-tax loss of $24 ($0.04 per share) in the first quarter of 2018 due to income taxes resulting from nondeductible goodwill. The Company realized $150 in after-tax cash proceeds from the sale.
Pro Forma Financial Information
The following unaudited pro forma consolidated condensed financial results of operations are presented as if the 2018 acquisitions occurred on October 1, 2016 and the acquisition of the valves & controls business occurred on October 1, 2015. The pro forma information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved had the acquisitions occurred as of that time.

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| March 31, 2018
Net sales |  | $ | 4,501 |  |  |  | $ | 8,588 |
Net earnings common stockholders |  | $ | 493 |  |  |  | $ | 903 |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  |  | $ | 1.41 |

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Items 2 and 3.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
OVERVIEW
Net sales for the second quarter of 2019 were $4.6 billion, up 8 percent, supported by acquisitions which added 6 percent, and adversely affected by foreign currency translation which deducted 2 percent. Underlying sales, which exclude foreign currency translation, acquisitions and divestitures, increased 4 percent, reflecting broad-based global demand in energy-related and global industrial markets, steady growth in North American air conditioning markets, and favorable global trends for professional tools.
Net earnings common stockholders were $520 million, up 8 percent, and diluted earnings per share were $0.84, up 11 percent.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31
Following is an analysis of the Company’s operating results for the second quarter ended March 31, 2019, compared with the second quarter ended March 31, 2018.

| 2018 |  | 2019 |  | Change
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ | 4,248 |  |  | 4,570 |  |  | 8 | %
Gross profit | $ | 1,817 |  |  | 1,925 |  |  | 6 | %
Percent of sales | 42.8 | % |  | 42.1 | % |  |  |
SG&A | $ | 1,035 |  |  | 1,145 |  |  | 11 | %
Percent of sales | 24.4 | % |  | 25.0 | % |  |  |
Other deductions, net | $ | 88 |  |  | 57 |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | $ | 36 |  |  | 48 |  |  |  |
Earnings before income taxes | $ | 658 |  |  | 675 |  |  | 3 | %
Percent of sales | 15.5 | % |  | 14.8 | % |  |  |
Net earnings common stockholders | $ | 482 |  |  | 520 |  |  | 8 | %
Percent of sales | 11.4 | % |  | 11.4 | % |  |  |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.76 |  |  | 0.84 |  |  | 11 | %

Net sales for the second quarter of 2019 were $4.6 billion, an increase of $322 million, or 8 percent compared with $4.2 billion in 2018. Underlying sales increased 4 percent ($169 million) on higher volume and slightly higher price. Acquisitions added 6 percent ($256 million) and foreign currency translation subtracted 2 percent ($103 million). Underlying sales increased 5 percent in the U.S. and 3 percent internationally. The Americas was up 7 percent and Europe was up 2 percent, while Asia, Middle East & Africa was flat (China up 2 percent, versus up 21 percent in 2018). Sales increased $239 million in Automation Solutions, supported by acquisitions and continued broad-based global demand. Commercial & Residential Solutions sales increased $78 million due to acquisitions, partially offset by slower demand in Asia, Middle East & Africa.
Cost of sales for the second quarter of 2019 were $2.6 billion, an increase of $214 million compared with $2.4 billion in 2018, primarily due to acquisitions and higher volume partially offset by the impact of foreign currency translation. Gross margin of 42.1 percent decreased 0.7 percentage points, reflecting unfavorable mix and first year acquisition accounting charges related to inventory of $7 million.
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses of $1.1 billion increased $110 million compared with the prior year, primarily due to acquisitions and higher volume. SG&A as a percent of sales increased 0.6 percentage points to 25.0 percent, primarily due to acquisitions, which negatively impacted comparisons by 0.4 percentage points. Higher investment spending and higher incentive stock compensation of $14 million were partially offset by leverage on higher volume.
17

Other deductions, net were $57 million in 2019, a decrease of $31 million compared with the prior year, reflecting lower acquisition/divestiture-related costs of $33 million and a favorable impact from pensions of $11 million, partially offset by higher intangibles amortization of $9 million. See Note 9.
Pretax earnings of $675 million increased $17 million, or 3 percent. Earnings increased $8 million in Automation Solutions and decreased $21 million in Commercial & Residential Solutions, while Corporate and other expense decreased $32 million. See Note 12 and the following Business Segments discussion.
Income taxes were $150 million for 2019 and $169 million for 2018, resulting in effective tax rates of 22 percent and 26 percent, respectively. The effective tax rates in both years reflect the lower U.S. corporate income tax rate as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act"). The current year rate also included a tax benefit of $13 million due to the issuance of final regulations related to the one-time tax on deemed repatriation. The effective tax rate for full year 2019 is currently expected to be approximately 23 percent.
Given the complexities associated with the Act, additional regulatory guidance is expected to be issued. The Company will include the effects of any final regulations, as well as any additional guidance or legislative changes, in the period they are issued. See Note 11.
Net earnings common stockholders in the second quarter of 2019 were $520 million, up 8 percent, compared with $482 million in the prior year, and earnings per share were $0.84, up 11 percent, compared with $0.76 in 2018.
Business Segments
Following is an analysis of operating results for the Company’s business segments for the second quarter ended March 31, 2019, compared with the second quarter ended March 31, 2018. The Company defines segment earnings as earnings before interest and taxes. See Note 12 for a discussion of the Company's business segments.
AUTOMATION SOLUTIONS

Three Months Ended Mar 31 | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | Change
(dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  |
Sales | $ | 2,771 |  |  | 3,010 |  |  | 9 | %
Earnings | $ | 436 |  |  | 444 |  |  | 2 | %
Margin | 15.7 | % |  | 14.8 | % |  |  |

Sales by Major Product Offering |  |  |  |  |
Measurement & Analytical Instrumentation | $ | 860 |  |  | 927 |  |  | 8 | %
Valves, Actuators & Regulators | 921 |  |  | 937 |  |  | 2 | %
Industrial Solutions | 484 |  |  | 574 |  |  | 19 | %
Process Control Systems & Solutions | 506 |  |  | 572 |  |  | 13 | %
Total | $ | 2,771 |  |  | 3,010 |  |  | 9 | %

Automation Solutions sales were $3.0 billion in the second quarter, an increase of $239 million, or 9 percent. Underlying sales increased 7 percent ($175 million) on higher volume and slightly higher price. Acquisitions added 5 percent ($143 million) and foreign currency translation had a 3 percent ($79 million) unfavorable impact. Sales for Measurement & Analytical Instrumentation increased $67 million, or 8 percent, on continued broad-based demand in global industrial markets. Valves, Actuators & Regulators increased $16 million, or 2 percent, due to favorable global oil and gas demand. Industrial Solutions sales increased $90 million, or 19 percent, due to the Aventics acquisition ($99 million). Process Control Systems & Solutions increased $66 million, or 13 percent, due to the Machine Automation Solutions acquisition ($44 million), continued favorable demand for small and mid-sized projects focused on expansion and optimization of existing assets, and strong maintenance and repair demand. Underlying sales increased 9 percent in the Americas (U.S. up 7 percent), 1 percent in Europe and 6 percent in Asia, Middle East & Africa (China up 11 percent). Earnings were $444 million, an increase of $8 million, or 2 percent, due to higher volume and price. Margin decreased 0.9 percentage points to 14.8 percent, reflecting a dilutive impact from acquisitions of 0.8 percentage points and unfavorable foreign currency transactions of 0.2
18

percentage points. Leverage on higher volume and favorable price-cost were offset by higher investment spending and unfavorable mix.
COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIAL SOLUTIONS

Three Months Ended Mar 31 | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | Change
(dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  |
Sales: |  |  |  |  |
Climate Technologies | $ | 1,128 |  |  | 1,092 |  |  | (3 | )%
Tools & Home Products | 355 |  |  | 469 |  |  | 32 | %
Total | $ | 1,483 |  |  | 1,561 |  |  | 5 | %
Earnings: |  |  |  |  |
Climate Technologies | $ | 253 |  |  | 226 |  |  | (10 | )%
Tools & Home Products | 96 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 5 | %
Total | $ | 349 |  |  | 328 |  |  | (6 | )%
Margin | 23.6 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  |

Commercial & Residential Solutions sales were $1.6 billion in the second quarter, up $78 million, or 5 percent compared to the prior year. Acquisitions added 7 percent ($108 million) and foreign currency translation subtracted 2 percent ($24 million). Underlying sales decreased $6 million as lower volume was largely offset by higher price. Climate Technologies sales were $1.1 billion in the second quarter, a decrease of $36 million, or 3 percent. HVAC sales were down sharply in Asia, Middle East & Africa, while growth in the U.S. was solid. Cold chain sales were down modestly on lower global demand. Tools & Home Products sales were $469 million in the second quarter, an increase of $114 million, or 32 percent, reflecting the tools and test acquisition, which added $108 million, and favorable trends in global professional tools markets. Food waste disposers were down slightly while wet/dry vacuums were up modestly. Overall, underlying sales increased 4 percent in the Americas (U.S. up 3 percent) and 2 percent in Europe, while Asia, Middle East & Africa decreased 15 percent (China down 16 percent). Earnings were $328 million, a decrease of $21 million, and margin declined 2.6 percentage points, primarily due to a dilutive impact from the tools and test acquisition of 1.1 percentage points and unfavorable business mix of 0.8 percentage points. Deleverage on lower volume in the Climate Technologies segment also reduced margin, partially offset by favorable price-cost due to pricing actions effective in the second quarter.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31
Following is an analysis of the Company’s operating results for the six months ended March 31, 2019, compared with the six months ended March 31, 2018.

| 2018 |  | 2019 |  | Change
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ | 8,064 |  |  | 8,717 |  |  | 8 | %
Gross profit | $ | 3,431 |  |  | 3,686 |  |  | 7 | %
Percent of sales | 42.5 | % |  | 42.3 | % |  |  |
SG&A | $ | 2,030 |  |  | 2,222 |  |  | 9 | %
Percent of sales | 25.1 | % |  | 25.5 | % |  |  |
Other deductions, net | $ | 166 |  |  | 107 |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | $ | 74 |  |  | 91 |  |  |  |
Earnings before income taxes | $ | 1,161 |  |  | 1,266 |  |  | 9 | %
Percent of sales | 14.4 | % |  | 14.5 | % |  |  |
Net earnings common stockholders | $ | 874 |  |  | 985 |  |  | 13 | %
Percent of sales | 10.8 | % |  | 11.3 | % |  |  |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.37 |  |  | 1.58 |  |  | 15 | %

Net sales for the first six months of 2019 were $8.7 billion, an increase of $653 million, or 8 percent compared with $8.1 billion in 2018. Underlying sales were up 4 percent ($331 million) on higher volume and slightly higher price. Acquisitions added 6 percent ($488 million) and foreign currency translation subtracted 2 percent ($166 million). Underlying sales increased 6 percent in the U.S. and 2 percent internationally. The Americas was up 7 percent and Europe was up 2 percent, while Asia, Middle East & Africa was down 1 percent (China down 1 percent). Sales increased $466 million in Automation Solutions, supported by acquisitions and broad-based demand across energy-related and general industrial markets. Commercial & Residential Solutions sales increased $164 million due to acquisitions, partially offset by slower demand in Asia, Middle East & Africa, particularly in China air conditioning and heating markets.
Cost of sales for 2019 were $5.0 billion, an increase of $398 million versus $4.6 billion in 2018, primarily due to acquisitions and higher volume, partially offset by the impact of foreign currency translation. Gross margin decreased 0.2 percentage points to 42.3 percent, reflecting unfavorable mix, partially offset by savings from cost reduction actions.
SG&A expenses of $2.2 billion increased $192 million primarily due to acquisitions and higher volume. SG&A as a percent of sales increased to 25.5 percent due to the impact of acquisitions, which negatively impacted comparisons by 0.4 percentage points. Higher investment spending was offset by lower incentive stock compensation of $49 million, reflecting a decreasing stock price in the current year compared to an increasing stock price in the prior year, and leverage on higher volume.
Other deductions, net were $107 million in 2019, a decrease of $59 million compared with the prior year, reflecting lower acquisition/divestiture-related costs of $35 million, pension expenses of $22 million and foreign currency transactions of $10 million, partially offset by higher intangibles amortization of $10 million. See Note 9.
Pretax earnings of $1.3 billion increased $105 million, or 9 percent. Earnings increased $29 million in Automation Solutions and decreased $36 million in Commercial & Residential Solutions, while Corporate and other expense decreased $111 million. See Note 12 and the following Business Segments discussion.
Income taxes were $274 million for 2019 and $278 million for 2018, resulting in effective tax rates of 22 percent and 24 percent, respectively. The effective tax rates in both years reflect the lower U.S. corporate income tax rate as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act"). The current year rate also included favorable discrete items which reduced the rate 2 percentage points (including a 1 percentage point impact due to the Act), while the prior year rate included a net tax benefit of $43 million due to impacts of the Act.
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Net earnings common stockholders in 2019 were $985 million, up 13 percent, compared with $874 million in the prior year, and earnings per share were $1.58, up 15 percent compared with $1.37 in 2018.
Business Segments
Following is an analysis of operating results for the Company’s business segments for the six months ended March 31, 2019, compared with the six months ended March 31, 2018. The Company defines segment earnings as earnings before interest and taxes.
AUTOMATION SOLUTIONS

Six Months Ended Mar 31 | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | Change
(dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  |
Sales | $ | 5,343 |  |  | 5,809 |  |  | 9 | %
Earnings | $ | 822 |  |  | 851 |  |  | 4 | %
Margin | 15.4 | % |  | 14.7 | % |  |  |

Sales by Major Product Offering |  |  |  |  |
Measurement & Analytical Instrumentation | $ | 1,632 |  |  | 1,785 |  |  | 9 | %
Valves, Actuators & Regulators | 1,784 |  |  | 1,811 |  |  | 1 | %
Industrial Solutions | 912 |  |  | 1,116 |  |  | 22 | %
Process Control Systems & Solutions | 1,015 |  |  | 1,097 |  |  | 8 | %
Total | $ | 5,343 |  |  | 5,809 |  |  | 9 | %

Automation Solutions sales were $5.8 billion in the first six months of 2019, an increase of $466 million, or 9 percent. Underlying sales increased 7 percent ($352 million) on higher volume and slightly higher price. Acquisitions added 5 percent ($241 million) and foreign currency translation had a 3 percent ($127 million) unfavorable impact. Sales for Measurement & Analytical Instrumentation increased $153 million, or 9 percent, on broad-based demand in global industrial markets. Valves, Actuators & Regulators increased $27 million, or 1 percent, on favorable global oil and gas demand. Industrial Solutions sales increased $204 million, or 22 percent, due to the Aventics acquisition ($197 million) and favorable demand in the U.S. Process Control Systems & Solutions increased $82 million, or 8 percent, due to the Machine Automation Solutions acquisition ($44 million), favorable demand for small and mid-sized projects focused on expansion and optimization of existing assets, and strong maintenance and repair demand. Underlying sales increased 8 percent in the Americas (U.S. up 7 percent), 2 percent in Europe and 7 percent in Asia, Middle East & Africa (China up 13 percent). Earnings were $851 million, an increase of $29 million, or 4 percent, driven by higher volume and price. Margin decreased to 14.7 percent, reflecting a dilutive impact from acquisitions of 0.7 percentage points. Leverage on the higher volume and favorable price-cost were largely offset by higher investment spending.
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COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIAL SOLUTIONS

Six Months Ended Mar 31 | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | Change
(dollars in millions) |  |  |  |  |
Sales: |  |  |  |  |
Climate Technologies | $ | 2,050 |  |  | 1,972 |  |  | (4 | )%
Tools & Home Products | 685 |  |  | 927 |  |  | 35 | %
Total | $ | 2,735 |  |  | 2,899 |  |  | 6 | %
Earnings: |  |  |  |  |
Climate Technologies | $ | 418 |  |  | 372 |  |  | (11 | )%
Tools & Home Products | 183 |  |  | 193 |  |  | 5 | %
Total | $ | 601 |  |  | 565 |  |  | (6 | )%
Margin | 22.0 | % |  | 19.5 | % |  |

Commercial & Residential Solutions sales were $2.9 billion in the first six months of 2019, an increase of $164 million, or 6 percent compared to the prior year. Underlying sales were down 1 percent ($22 million) on lower volume partially offset by higher price. Acquisitions added 8 percent ($225 million) and foreign currency translation subtracted 1 percent ($39 million). Climate Technologies sales were $2.0 billion in the first six months of 2019, a decrease of $78 million, or 4 percent. HVAC sales were down sharply in Asia, Middle East & Africa, particularly in China air conditioning and heating markets, while growth in the U.S. was solid. Global cold chain sales were up slightly on modest growth in the U.S., while demand in Asia decreased moderately. Tools & Home Products sales were $927 million in the first six months of 2019, up $242 million, or 35 percent compared to the prior year, reflecting the tools and test acquisition, which added $215 million, and favorable trends in global professional tools markets. Food waste disposers were up modestly while wet/dry vacuums were up slightly. Overall, underlying sales increased 6 percent in the Americas (U.S. up 5 percent) and 3 percent in Europe, while Asia, Middle East & Africa decreased 19 percent (China down 24 percent). Earnings were $565 million, down 6 percent compared to the prior year, and margin declined 2.5 percentage points, primarily due to a dilutive impact from the tools and test acquisition of 1.0 percentage points and unfavorable mix of 0.6 percentage points. Deleverage on lower volume in the Climate Technologies segment also reduced margin, while comparisons benefited from higher warranty costs of $10 million in the prior year associated with a specific product issue.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Key elements of the Company's financial condition for the six months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the year ended September 30, 2018 follow.

| Sept 30, 2018 |  |  | Mar 31, 2019 |
Working capital (in millions) | $ | 455 |  |  | 438 |
Current ratio | 1.1 |  |  | 1.1 |
Total debt-to-total capital | 34.7 | % |  | 42.6 | %
Net debt-to-net capital | 29.1 | % |  | 36.7 | %
Interest coverage ratio | 14.2 | X |  | 13.3X |

The Company's debt-to-capital ratios increased primarily due to higher short-term borrowings to support accelerated share repurchases completed in the second quarter of 2019. The interest coverage ratio (earnings before income taxes plus interest expense, divided by interest expense) of 13.3 X for the first six months of 2019 compares to 12.7 X for the first six months of 2018. The increase reflects higher pretax earnings in the current year.
In January 2019, the Company issued €500 million of 1.25% notes due October 2025 and €500 million of 2.0% notes due October 2029. The net proceeds from the sale of the notes were used to reduce commercial paper borrowings and for general corporate purposes.
Operating cash flow for the first six months of 2019 was $856 million, a decrease of $88 million compared with $944 million in the prior year, due to timing of accounts payable and accruals, partially offset by higher earnings. Free cash flow of $582 million in 2019 (operating cash flow of $856 million less capital expenditures of $274 million)
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decreased $168 million compared to free cash flow of $750 million in 2018 (operating cash flow of $944 million less capital expenditures of $194 million), reflecting the decrease in operating cash flow and an increase in capital investment. Free cash flow along with increased short- and long-term borrowings were used to fund dividends of $607 million, common stock purchases of $1.0 billion, repayments of long-term debt of $406 million, and acquisitions of $243 million.
Emerson's financial structure provides the flexibility necessary to achieve its strategic objectives. The Company has been successful in efficiently deploying cash where needed worldwide to fund operations, complete acquisitions and sustain long-term growth. The Company believes that sufficient funds will be available to meet the Company’s needs in the foreseeable future through operating cash flow, existing resources, short- and long-term debt capacity or backup credit lines.
FISCAL 2019 OUTLOOK
Results for the first six months of 2019 reflected broad-based global demand in process and hybrid end markets and continued strength in North American air conditioning and global professional tools markets, partially offset by softer conditions in global discrete manufacturing end markets and a slower than expected recovery in the Commercial & Residential Solutions Asia, Middle East & Africa business. The Company expects growth to improve modestly through the second half of the year, supported by a strong macroeconomic backdrop for energy investment and continued improvement in the Commercial & Residential Solutions Asia, Middle East & Africa business. For the full year, Automation Solutions net sales are expected to be up 7 to 9 percent, with underlying sales up 5 to 7 percent excluding a positive impact from acquisitions of approximately 4 percent and unfavorable currency translation of 2 percent. Commercial & Residential Solutions net sales are expected to be up 7 percent, with underlying sales up 2 percent excluding a positive impact from acquisitions of approximately 6 percent and unfavorable currency translation of 1 percent. Consolidated net sales are expected to be up 7 to 8.5 percent, with underlying sales up 4 to 5.5 percent excluding a positive impact from acquisitions of approximately 5 percent and unfavorable currency translation of 2 percent. Reported earnings per share are expected to be $3.60 to $3.70, while operating cash flow is expected to be approximately $3.2 billion and free cash flow, which excludes targeted capital spending of $650 million, is expected to be approximately $2.5 billion
Statements in this report that are not strictly historical may be "forward-looking" statements, which involve risks and uncertainties, and Emerson undertakes no obligation to update any such statements to reflect later developments. These risks and uncertainties include economic and currency conditions, market demand, pricing, protection of intellectual property, cybersecurity, tariffs, competitive and technological factors, among others, which are set forth in the “Risk Factors” of Part I, Item 1A, and the "Safe Harbor Statement" of Part II, Item 7, to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018 and in subsequent reports filed with the SEC, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The United Kingdom (UK) continues to negotiate its withdrawal from the European Union (EU), commonly known as "Brexit." The EU recently agreed to postpone the withdrawal deadline to October 31, 2019. The Company's net sales in the UK are principally in the Automation Solutions segment and represent less than two percent of consolidated sales. Sales of products manufactured in the UK and sold within the EU are immaterial. The Company is evaluating several potential Brexit scenarios and believes the direct cost of incremental tariffs, logistics and other items would be immaterial.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner. This system also is designed to ensure information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company's certifying officers, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on an evaluation performed, the certifying officers have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, there can be no assurance that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures will detect or uncover all failures of persons within the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries to report material information otherwise required to be set forth in the Company's reports.
There was no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities (shares in 000s).

Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 2019 |  | 1,267 |  |  |  | $59.15 |  |  | 1,267 |  |  |  | 26,121
February 2019 |  | — |  |  |  | $0.00 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 26,121
March 2019 |  | — |  |  |  | $0.00 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 26,121
Total |  | 1,267 |  |  |  | $59.15 |  |  | 1,267 |  |  |  | 26,121

In November 2015, the Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to 70 million shares, and approximately 26.1 million shares remain available.
Item 6. Exhibits
(a) Exhibits (Listed by numbers corresponding to the Exhibit Table of Item 601 in Regulation S-K).

4 |  | Emerson agrees to furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, copies of any long-term debt instruments that authorize an amount of securities constituting 10 percent or less of the total assets of Emerson and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.
31 |  | Certifications pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).
32 |  | Certifications pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101 |  | Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2019, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019.

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. |
|  | By | /s/ Frank J. Dellaquila |
|  |  | Frank J. Dellaquila |
|  |  | Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  | (on behalf of the registrant and as Chief Financial Officer) |
|  |  | May 9, 2019 |

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