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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
______________________
FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ____________________ to __________________
Commission file number 1-278
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Missouri |  | 43-0259330
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
8000 W. Florissant Ave. |
P.O. Box 4100 |
St. Louis, | Missouri | 63136
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (314) 553-2000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock of $0.50 par value per share | EMR | New York Stock Exchange
|  | NYSE Chicago
0.375% Notes due 2024 | EMR 24 | New York Stock Exchange
1.250% Notes due 2025 | EMR 25A | New York Stock Exchange
2.000% Notes due 2029 | EMR 29 | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐ |  |  |  |  |
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐ |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. Common stock of $0.50 par value per share outstanding at March 31, 2023: 571.5 million sh ares.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Consolidated Statements of Earnings
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
Three and six months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts; unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
| 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |
Net sales | $ | 3,291 |  |  | 3,756 |  |  | 6,447 |  |  | 7,129 |
Cost of sales | 1,815 |  |  | 1,955 |  |  | 3,556 |  |  | 3,708 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 888 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 1,737 |  |  | 2,030 |
Gain on subordinated interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | (453) |  |  | — |
Other deductions, net | 28 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 229 |
Interest expense (net of interest income of $4, $18, $7 and $38, respectively) | 51 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 101 |
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes | 509 |  |  | 639 |  |  | 1,451 |  |  | 1,061 |
Income taxes | 80 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 276 |  |  | 232 |
Earnings from continuing operations | 429 |  |  | 505 |  |  | 1,175 |  |  | 829 |
Discontinued operations, net of tax: $56, $39, $140 and $1,005, respectively | 246 |  |  | 265 |  |  | 395 |  |  | 2,267 |
Net earnings | 675 |  |  | 770 |  |  | 1,570 |  |  | 3,096 |
Less: Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries | 1 |  |  | (22) |  |  | — |  |  | (27) |
Net earnings common stockholders | $ | 674 |  |  | 792 |  |  | 1,570 |  |  | 3,123 |
Earnings common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings from continuing operations | 428 |  |  | 530 |  |  | 1,174 |  |  | 859 |
Discontinued operations | 246 |  |  | 262 |  |  | 396 |  |  | 2,264 |
Net earnings common stockholders | $ | 674 |  |  | 792 |  |  | 1,570 |  |  | 3,123 |
Basic earnings per share common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings from continuing operations | $ | 0.72 |  |  | 0.93 |  |  | 1.97 |  |  | 1.49 |
Discontinued operations | 0.41 |  |  | 0.46 |  |  | 0.67 |  |  | 3.92 |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 1.13 |  |  | 1.39 |  |  | 2.64 |  |  | 5.41 |
Diluted earnings per share common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earnings from continuing operations | $ | 0.72 |  |  | 0.92 |  |  | 1.96 |  |  | 1.48 |
Discontinued operations | 0.41 |  |  | 0.46 |  |  | 0.67 |  |  | 3.90 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 1.13 |  |  | 1.38 |  |  | 2.63 |  |  | 5.38 |
Weighted average outstanding shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 593.3 |  |  | 570.9 |  |  | 593.9 |  |  | 577.2 |
Diluted | 596.5 |  |  | 573.6 |  |  | 597.3 |  |  | 580.1 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
1

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
Three and six months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023
(Dollars in millions; unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
| 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |
Net earnings | $ | 675 |  |  | 770 |  |  |  | 1,570 |  |  |  | 3,096 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation | (60) |  |  | 110 |  |  |  | (132) |  |  |  | 351 |
Pension and postretirement | 18 |  |  | (17) |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | (33) |
Cash flow hedges | 6 |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 23 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | (36) |  |  | 106 |  |  |  | (86) |  |  |  | 341 |
Comprehensive income | 639 |  |  | 876 |  |  |  | 1,484 |  |  |  | 3,437 |
Less: Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries | — |  |  | (23) |  |  |  | (1) |  |  |  | (23) |
Comprehensive income common stockholders | $ | 639 |  |  | 899 |  |  |  | 1,485 |  |  |  | 3,460 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
2

Consolidated Balance Sheets
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts; unaudited)

| Sept 30, 2022 |  | Mar 31, 2023
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |
Cash and equivalents | $ | 1,804 |  |  | 2,046 |
Receivables, less allowances of $100 and $102, respectively | 2,261 |  |  | 2,330 |
Inventories | 1,742 |  |  | 2,034 |
Other current assets | 1,301 |  |  | 1,228 |
Current assets held-for-sale | 1,398 |  |  | 1,347 |
Total current assets | 8,506 |  |  | 8,985 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 2,239 |  |  | 2,263 |
Other assets |  |  |
Goodwill | 13,946 |  |  | 14,097 |
Other intangible assets | 6,572 |  |  | 6,299 |
Other | 2,151 |  |  | 2,265 |
Noncurrent assets held-for-sale | 2,258 |  |  | 2,238 |
Total other assets | 24,927 |  |  | 24,899 |
Total assets | $ | 35,672 |  |  | 36,147 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |
Short-term borrowings and current maturities of long-term debt | $ | 2,115 |  |  | 1,959 |
Accounts payable | 1,276 |  |  | 1,207 |
Accrued expenses | 3,038 |  |  | 3,245 |
Current liabilities held-for-sale | 1,348 |  |  | 1,138 |
Total current liabilities | 7,777 |  |  | 7,549 |
Long-term debt | 8,259 |  |  | 8,174 |
Other liabilities | 3,153 |  |  | 2,928 |
Noncurrent liabilities held-for-sale | 167 |  |  | 149 |
Equity |  |  |
Common stock, $0.50 par value; authorized, 1,200.0 shares; issued, 953.4 shares; outstanding, 591.4 shares and 571.5 shares, respectively | 477 |  |  | 477 |
Additional paid-in-capital | 57 |  |  | 138 |
Retained earnings | 28,053 |  |  | 30,571 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (1,485) |  |  | (1,148) |
Cost of common stock in treasury, 362.0 shares and 381.9 shares, respectively | (16,738) |  |  | (18,678) |
Common stockholders’ equity | 10,364 |  |  | 11,360 |
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries | 5,952 |  |  | 5,987 |
Total equity | 16,316 |  |  | 17,347 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 35,672 |  |  | 36,147 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

Consolidated Statements of Equity
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
Three and six months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023
(Dollars in millions; unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
| 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |
Common stock | $ | 477 |  |  | 477 |  |  | 477 |  |  | 477 |
Additional paid-in-capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | 564 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 57 |
Stock plans | 15 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 81 |
Ending balance | 579 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 579 |  |  | 138 |
Retained earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | 26,636 |  |  | 30,076 |  |  | 26,047 |  |  | 28,053 |
Net earnings common stockholders | 674 |  |  | 792 |  |  | 1,570 |  |  | 3,123 |
Dividends paid (per share: $0.515, $0.52 $1.03 and $1.04, respectively) | (307) |  |  | (297) |  |  | (614) |  |  | (605) |
Ending balance | 27,003 |  |  | 30,571 |  |  | 27,003 |  |  | 30,571 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | (922) |  |  | (1,255) |  |  | (872) |  |  | (1,485) |
Foreign currency translation | (59) |  |  | 111 |  |  | (131) |  |  | 347 |
Pension and postretirement | 18 |  |  | (17) |  |  | 36 |  |  | (33) |
Cash flow hedges | 6 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 23 |
Ending balance | (957) |  |  | (1,148) |  |  | (957) |  |  | (1,148) |
Treasury stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | (16,506) |  |  | (18,683) |  |  | (16,291) |  |  | (16,738) |
Purchases | (27) |  |  | — |  |  | (285) |  |  | (2,000) |
Issued under stock plans | 6 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 60 |
Ending balance | (16,527) |  |  | (18,678) |  |  | (16,527) |  |  | (18,678) |
Common stockholders' equity | 10,575 |  |  | 11,360 |  |  | 10,575 |  |  | 11,360 |
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | 39 |  |  | 5,987 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 5,952 |
Net earnings | 1 |  |  | (22) |  |  | — |  |  | (27) |
Stock plans | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |
Other comprehensive income | (1) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |  |  | 4 |
Ending balance | 39 |  |  | 5,987 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 5,987 |
Total equity | $ | 10,614 |  |  | 17,347 |  |  | 10,614 |  |  | 17,347 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
Six Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2023
(Dollars in millions; unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended
|  | March 31,
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |
Operating activities |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 1,570 |  |  | 3,096 |
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | (395) |  |  | (2,267) |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 349 |  |  | 523 |
Stock compensation |  | 77 |  |  | 142 |
Changes in operating working capital |  | (298) |  |  | (390) |
Gain on subordinated interest |  | (453) |  |  | — |
Other, net |  | (94) |  |  | (227) |
Cash from continuing operations |  | 756 |  |  | 877 |
Cash from discontinued operations |  | 209 |  |  | (391) |
Cash provided by operating activities |  | 965 |  |  | 486 |
Investing activities |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | (140) |  |  | (121) |
Purchases of businesses, net of cash and equivalents acquired |  | (35) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from subordinated interest |  | 438 |  |  | 15 |
Other, net |  | (16) |  |  | (76) |
Cash from continuing operations |  | 247 |  |  | (182) |
Cash from discontinued operations |  | (88) |  |  | 2,916 |
Cash provided by investing activities |  | 159 |  |  | 2,734 |
Financing activities |  |  |  |
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings |  | 871 |  |  | (31) |
Proceeds from short-term borrowings greater than three months |  | 1,040 |  |  | 395 |
Proceeds from long-term debt |  | 2,975 |  |  | — |
Payments of long-term debt |  | (504) |  |  | (742) |
Dividends paid |  | (613) |  |  | (603) |
Purchases of common stock |  | (285) |  |  | (2,000) |
Other, net |  | 15 |  |  | (55) |
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | 3,499 |  |  | (3,036) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents |  | (48) |  |  | 58 |
Increase in cash and equivalents |  | 4,575 |  |  | 242 |
Beginning cash and equivalents |  | 2,354 |  |  | 1,804 |
Ending cash and equivalents |  | $ | 6,929 |  |  | 2,046 |
Changes in operating working capital |  |  |  |
Receivables |  | $ | 45 |  |  | (63) |
Inventories |  | (262) |  |  | (219) |
Other current assets |  | (10) |  |  | 22 |
Accounts payable |  | (4) |  |  | (98) |
Accrued expenses |  | (67) |  |  | (32) |
Total changes in operating working capital |  | $ | (298) |  |  | (390) |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. & SUBSIDIARIES
(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts or where noted)
(1) BASIS OF PRESENTATION
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of operating results for the interim periods presented. Adjustments consist of normal and recurring accruals. The consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the requirements of Form 10-Q and consequently do not include all disclosures required for annual financial statements presented in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022.
Over the past two years, Emerson Electric Co. ("Emerson" or the "Company") has taken significant actions to accelerate the transformation of its portfolio through the completion of strategic acquisitions and divestitures of non-core businesses. The Company's recent portfolio actions include the combination of its industrial software businesses with Aspen Technology, Inc., with the Company owning 55 percent of the outstanding shares of the combined entity on a fully diluted basis upon closing of the transaction on May 16, 2022, the sale of its Therm-O-Disc business, which was completed on May 31, 2022, the sale of its InSinkErator business, which was completed on October 31, 2022, the sale of a majority stake in its Climate Technologies business, which was announced on October 31, 2022, and is expected to close in the Company's third quarter of fiscal 2023, subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions, and the pending acquisition of National Instruments Corporation ("NI"), which was announced on April 12, 2023, and is expected to close in the first half of Emerson’s fiscal 2024, subject to the completion of customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals and approval by NI shareholders.
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. This includes reporting financial results for Climate Technologies, InSinkErator and Therm-O-Disc as discontinued operations for all periods presented, and the assets and liabilities of Climate Technologies and InSinkErator (prior to completion of the divestiture) as held-for-sale (see Note 5). In addition, as a result of its portfolio transformation, the Company now reports six segments and two business groups (see Note 13).
(2) REVENUE RECOGNITION
Emerson is a global manufacturer that combines technology and engineering to provide innovative solutions to its customers, largely in the form of tangible products. The vast majority of the Company's revenues relate to a broad offering of manufactured products which are recognized at the point in time when control transfers, while a smaller portion is recognized over time or relates to sales arrangements with multiple performance obligations. See Note 13 for additional information about the Company's revenues.
The following table summarizes the balances of the Company's unbilled receivables (contract assets), which are reported in Other assets (current and noncurrent), and its customer advances (contract liabilities), which are reported in Accrued expenses and Other liabilities.

| Sept 30, 2022 |  | Mar 31, 2023
Unbilled receivables (contract assets) |  | $ | 1,390 |  |  |  | 1,342 |
Customer advances (contract liabilities) |  | (776) |  |  |  | (975) |
Net contract assets (liabilities) |  | $ | 614 |  |  |  | 367 |

The majority of the Company's contract balances relate to (1) arrangements where revenue is recognized over time and payments from customers are made according to a contractual billing schedule, and (2) revenue from term software lice nse arrangements sold by AspenTech where the license revenue is recognized upfront upon delivery. The decrease in net contract assets was due to customer billings exceeding revenue recognized for performance completed during the period. Revenue recognized for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 included $106 and $441, respectively, that was included in the beginning contract liability balance. Other factors that impacted the change in net contract assets were immaterial. Revenue recognized for the three and six months ended March 31,
6

2023 for performance obligations that were satisfied in previous periods, including cumulative catchup adjustments on the Company's long-term contracts, was not material.
As of March 31, 2023, the Company's backlog relating to unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations in contracts with its customers was approximately $8.1 billion (of which,$1.2 billion was attributable to AspenTech). The Company expects to recognize appro ximately 80 percent of its remaining performance obligations as revenue over the next 12 months, with the remainder substantially over the following two years.
(3) COMMON SHARES AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Reconciliations of weighted-average shares for basic and diluted earnings per common share follow. Earnings allocated to participating securities were inconsequential.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
| 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |
Basic shares outstanding | 593.3 |  |  | 570.9 |  |  | 593.9 |  |  | 577.2 |
Dilutive shares | 3.2 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 2.9 |
Diluted shares outstanding | 596.5 |  |  | 573.6 |  |  | 597.3 |  |  | 580.1 |

(4) ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
Aspen Technology
On May 16, 2022, the Company completed the transactions contemplated by its definitive agreement with Aspen Technology, Inc. ("Heritage AspenTech") to contribute two of Emerson's stand-alone industrial software businesses, Open Systems International, Inc. and the Geological Simulation Software business (collectively, the “Emerson Industrial Software Business”), along with approximately $6.0 billion in cash to Heritage AspenTech stockholders, to create "New AspenTech", a diversified, high-performance industrial software leader with greater scale, capabilities and technologies (hereinafter referred to as "AspenTech"). Upon closing of the transaction, Emerson owned 55 percent of the outstanding shares of AspenTech common stock (on a fully diluted basis) and former Heritage AspenTech stockholders owned the remaining outstanding shares of AspenTech common stock. AspenTech and its subsidiaries now operate under Heritage AspenTech’s previous name “Aspen Technology, Inc.” and AspenTech common stock is traded on NASDAQ under AspenTech’s previous stock ticker symbol “AZPN.”
The business combination has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting with Emerson considered the accounting acquirer of Heritage AspenTech. The net assets of Heritage AspenTech were recorded at their estimated fair value and for the Emerson Industrial Software Business continue at their historical basis. The Company recorded a noncontrolling interest of $5.9 billion for the 45 percent ownership interest of former Heritage AspenTech stockholders in AspenTech. The noncontrolling interest associated with the Heritage AspenTech acquired net assets was recorded at fair value determined using the closing market price per share of Heritage AspenTech as of May 16, 2022, while the portion attributable to the Emerson Industrial Software business was recorded at its historical carrying amount. The impact of recognizing the noncontrolling interest in the Emerson Industrial Software Business resulted in a decrease to additional paid-in-capital of $550.
The following table summarizes the components of the purchase consideration reflected in the acquisition accounting using Heritage AspenTech's shares outstanding and closing market price per share as of May 16, 2022 (in millions except share and per share data):

Heritage AspenTech shares outstanding |  | 66,662,482 |
Heritage AspenTech share price |  | $ | 166.30 |
Purchase price |  | $ | 11,086 |
Value of stock-based compensation awards attributable to pre-combination service |  | 102 |
Total purchase consideration |  | $ | 11,188 |

7

The total purchase consideration for Heritage AspenTech was allocated to assets and liabilities as follows.

Cash and equivalents |  | $ | 274 |
Receivables |  | 43 |
Other current assets |  | 280 |
Property, plant equipment |  | 4 |
Goodwill ($34 expected to be tax-deductible) |  | 7,225 |
Other intangible assets |  | 4,390 |
Other assets |  | 513 |
Total assets |  | 12,729 |
Short-term borrowings |  | 27 |
Accounts payable |  | 8 |
Accrued expenses |  | 115 |
Long-term debt |  | 255 |
Deferred taxes and other liabilities |  | 1,136 |
Total purchase consideration |  | $ | 11,188 |

Emerson's cash contribution of approximately $6.0 billion was paid out at approximately $87.69 per share (on a fully diluted basis) to holders of issued and outstanding shares of Heritage AspenTech common stock as of the closing of the transactions, with $168 of cash remaining on AspenTech's balance sheet as of the closing which is not included in the allocation of purchase consideration above.
The estimated intangible assets attributable to the transaction are comprised of the following (in millions):

|  | Amount |  | Estimated Weighted Average Life (Years)
Developed technology |  | $ | 1,350 |  |  | 10
Customer relationships |  | 2,300 |  |  | 15
Trade names |  | 430 |  |  | Indefinite-lived
Backlog |  | 310 |  |  | 3
Total |  | $ | 4,390 |  |  |

Results of operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 attributable to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition include sales of $151 and $319, respectively, while the impact to GAAP net earnings was not material.
Pro Forma Financial Information
The following unaudited proforma consolidated condensed financial results of operations are presented as if the acquisition of Heritage AspenTech occurred on Oct ober 1, 2020. The pro forma information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved had the acquisition occurred as of that time ($ in millions, except per share amounts).

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  |
Net Sales |  | $ | 3,478 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,806 |  |
Net earnings from continuing operations common stockholders |  | $ | 423 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,158 |  |
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations |  | $ | 0.71 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.94 |  |

8

The pro forma results for the six months ended March 31, 2022 include $44 of transaction costs which were assumed to be incurred in the first fiscal quarter of 2021. Of these transaction costs, $7 and $30 were included in the Company's reported results for the three and six months ended March 31, 2022, respectively, but have been excluded from the fiscal 2022 pro forma results above. In addition, Heritage AspenTech incurred $68 of transaction costs prior to the completion of the acquisition that were not included in Emerson's reported results. The pro forma results for the three and six months ended March 31, 2022 include estimated interest exp ense of $19 and $56, respectively, related to the issuance of $3 billion of term debt and increased commercial paper borrowings to fund the acquisition.
Other Transactions
On April 12, 2023, Emerson announced an agreement to acquire National Instruments Corporation ("NI") for $60 per share in cash at an equity value of $8.2 billion. The effective price per share is $59.61 considering shares previously acquired by Emerson, see Note 11. NI, which provides software-connected automated test and measurement systems that enable enterprises to bring products to market faster and at a lower cost, had revenues of $1.66 billion in 2022. The transaction is expected to close in the first half of Emerson’s fiscal 2024, subject to the completion of customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals and approval by NI shareholders.
On July 27, 2022, AspenTech entered into an agreement to acquire Micromine, a global leader in design and operational solutions for the mining industry, for AU$900 (approximately $623 USD based on exchange rates when the transaction was announced). The closing of the acquisition is subject to regulatory approval.
On March 31, 2023, Emerson completed the divestiture of Metran, its Russia-based manufacturing subsidiary. In the first quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company recognized a pretax loss of $47 in Other deductions ($47 after-tax, in total $0.08 per share) related to its exit of business operations in Russia.
In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company received a distribution of $438 related to its subordinated interest in Vertiv (in total, a pretax gain of $453 was recognized in the first quarter, $358 after-tax, $0.60 per share). Based on the terms of the agreement and the current calculation, the Company could receive additional distributions of approximately $75 which are expected to be received over the next two-to-three years. However, the distributions are contingent on the timing and price at which Vertiv shares are sold by the equity holders and therefore, there can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of the remaining distributions to the Company.
(5) DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
In October 2022, the Board of Directors approved the Company's agreement to sell a majority stake in its Climate Technologies business (which constitutes the former Climate Technologies segment, excluding Therm-O-Disc which was divested earlier in fiscal 2022) to private equity funds managed by Blackstone in a $14.0 billion transaction. Emerson will receive upfront, pre-tax cash proceeds of approximately $9.5 billion and a note of $2.25 billion at close (which will accrue 5 percent interest payable in kind by capitalizing interest), while retaining a 45 percent non-controlling interest in a new standalone joint venture between Emerson and Blackstone. The Climate Technologies business, which includes the Copeland compressor business and the entire portfolio of products and services across all residential and commercial HVAC and refrigeration end-markets, had fiscal 2022 net sales of approximately $5.0 billion and pretax earnings of $1.0 billion. The transaction is expected to close in the Company's third quarter of fiscal 2023, subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions.
On October 31, 2022, the Company completed the divestiture of its InSinkErator business, which manufactures food waste disposers, to Whirlpool Corporation for $3.0 billion. This business had net sales of $630 and pretax earnings of $152 in fiscal 2022. The Company recognized a pretax gain of $2.8 billion (approximately $2.1 billion after-tax) in the first quarter of fiscal 2023.
On May 31, 2022 the Company completed the divestiture of its Therm-O-Disc sensing and protection technologies business to an affiliate of One Rock Capital Partners, LLC. The Company recognized a pretax gain of $486 ($429 after-tax) in the third fiscal quarter of 2022.
9

The financial results of Climate Technologies, InSinkErator ("ISE") and Therm-O-Disc ("TOD") (through the completion of the divestitures), are reported as discontinued operations for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 and were as follows:

| Climate Technologies |  | ISE and TOD |  |  | Total
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |
Net sales |  | $ | 1,255 |  |  |  | 1,245 |  |  |  | 245 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,500 |  |  |  | 1,245 |
Cost of sales |  | 866 |  |  |  | 782 |  |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,024 |  |  |  | 782 |
SG&A |  | 127 |  |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 161 |  |  |  | 127 |
Gain on sale of business |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3) |
Other deductions, net |  | 6 |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 35 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | 256 |  |  |  | 301 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 302 |  |  |  | 304 |
Income taxes |  | 56 |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 39 |
Earnings, net of tax |  | $ | 200 |  |  |  | 262 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 246 |  |  |  | 265 |
| Climate Technologies |  | ISE and TOD |  |  | Total
| Six Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |
Net sales |  | $ | 2,334 |  |  |  | 2,309 |  |  |  | 483 |  |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 2,817 |  |  |  | 2,358 |
Cost of sales |  | 1,628 |  |  |  | 1,484 |  |  |  | 306 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 1,934 |  |  |  | 1,513 |
SG&A |  | 254 |  |  |  | 269 |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 323 |  |  |  | 277 |
Gain on sale of business |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,783) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,783) |
Other deductions, net |  | 12 |  |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 79 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | 440 |  |  |  | 489 |  |  |  | 95 |  |  |  | 2,783 |  |  |  | 535 |  |  |  | 3,272 |
Income taxes |  | 95 |  |  |  | 352 |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 653 |  |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 1,005 |
Earnings, net of tax |  | $ | 345 |  |  |  | 137 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 2,130 |  |  |  | 395 |  |  |  | 2,267 |

Climate Technologies' results for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 include lower expense of $43 and $70, respectively, due to ceasing depreciation and amortization upon the held-for-sale classification. Other deductions, net for Climate Technologies included $28 and $55 of transaction-related costs for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, respectively. Income taxes for the six months ended March 31, 2023 included approximately $245 for Climate Technologies subsidiary restructurings and approximately $660 related to the gain on the InSinkErator divestiture.
10

The aggregate carrying amounts of the major classes of assets and liabilities classified as held-for-sale as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022 are summarized as follows:

| Climate Technologies |  | ISE |  | Total
|  | Sept. 30, |  |  | March 31, |  |  | Sept. 30, |  |  | March 31, |  |  | Sept. 30, |  |  | March 31,
Assets |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |
Receivables |  | $ | 747 |  |  |  | 780 |  |  |  | 68 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 815 |  |  |  | 780 |
Inventories |  | 449 |  |  |  | 505 |  |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 530 |  |  |  | 505 |
Other current assets |  | 49 |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 62 |
Property, plant & equipment, net |  | 1,122 |  |  |  | 1,171 |  |  |  | 141 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,263 |  |  |  | 1,171 |
Goodwill |  | 716 |  |  |  | 720 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 718 |  |  |  | 720 |
Other noncurrent assets |  | 265 |  |  |  | 347 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 277 |  |  |  | 347 |
Total assets held-for-sale |  | $ | 3,348 |  |  |  | 3,585 |  |  |  | 308 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,656 |  |  |  | 3,585 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 752 |  |  |  | 644 |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 812 |  |  |  | 644 |
Other current liabilities |  | 475 |  |  |  | 494 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 536 |  |  |  | 494 |
Deferred taxes and other noncurrent liabilities |  | 154 |  |  |  | 149 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | 149 |
Total liabilities held-for-sale |  | $ | 1,381 |  |  |  | 1,287 |  |  |  | 134 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,515 |  |  |  | 1,287 |

Net cash from operating and investing activities for Climate Technologies, InSinkErator and Therm-O-Disc for the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

| Climate Technologies |  | ISE and TOD |  |  | Total
| Six Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |
Cash from operating activities |  | $ | 234 |  |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | (25) |  |  |  | (435) |  |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | (391) |  |
Cash from investing activities |  | $ | (69) |  |  |  | (139) |  |  |  | (19) |  |  |  | 3,055 |  |  |  | (88) |  |  |  | 2,916 |  |

Cash from operating activities for the six months ended March 31, 2023 reflects approximately $575 of income taxes paid related to the gain on the InSinkErator divestiture and the Climate Technologies subsidiary restructurings (the remainder of which is expected to be paid by the end of fiscal 2023), transaction fees and unfavorable working capital. Cash from investing activities for the six months ended March 31, 2023 reflects the proceeds of $3.0 billion related to the InSinkErator divestiture.
(6) PENSION & POSTRETIREMENT PLANS
Total periodic pension and postretirement (income) expense is summarized below:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |
Service cost |  | $ | 19 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  |  | 24 |
Interest cost |  | 34 |  |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 68 |  |  |  | 108 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (78) |  |  |  | (71) |  |  |  | (156) |  |  |  | (142) |
Net amortization |  | 23 |  |  |  | (20) |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | (40) |
Total |  | $ | (2) |  |  |  | (25) |  |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  |  | (50) |

11

(7) OTHER DEDUCTIONS, NET
Other deductions, net are summarized below:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
| 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |
Amortization of intangibles (intellectual property and customer relationships) |  | $ | 57 |  |  |  | 119 |  |  |  | 114 |  |  |  | 237 |
Restructuring costs |  | 9 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 29 |
Acquisition/divestiture costs |  | 7 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 10 |
Foreign currency transaction (gains) losses |  | (20) |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | (27) |  |  |  | 19 |
Investment-related gains & gains from sales of capital assets |  | — |  |  |  | (35) |  |  |  | (15) |  |  |  | (39) |
Russia business exit |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47 |
Other |  | (25) |  |  |  | (30) |  |  |  | (51) |  |  |  | (74) |
Total |  | $ | 28 |  |  |  | 109 |  |  |  | 66 |  |  |  | 229 |

Intangibles amortization for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 included $64 and $128, respectively, related to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition. Foreign currency transaction gains/losses for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 included a mark-to-market loss of $14 and a gain of $21, respectively, related to foreign currency forward contracts entered into by AspenTec h to mitigate the impact of foreign currency exchange associated with the Micromine purchase price. The Company recognized a mark-to-market gain of $35 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 related to its equity investment in National Instruments Corporation (see Note 11 for further information). Other is composed of several items, including pension expense, litigation costs, provision for bad debt and other items, none of which is individually significant.
12

(8) RESTRUCTURING COSTS
Restructuring expense reflects costs associated with the Company’s ongoing efforts to improve operational efficiency and deploy assets globally in order to remain competitive on a worldwide basis. The Company expects fiscal 2023 restructuring expense and related costs to be approximately $90, including costs to complete actions initiated in the first six months of the year.
Restructuring expense by business segment follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31, |
| 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |
Final Control |  | $ | 3 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Measurement & Analytical |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Discrete Automation |  | 1 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 8 |  |
Safety & Productivity |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |  |
Intelligent Devices |  | 9 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 12 |  |
Control Systems & Software |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 6 |  |
AspenTech |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |
Software and Control |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 6 |  |
Corporate |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 11 |  |
Total |  | $ | 9 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 29 |  |

Details of the change in the liability for restructuring costs during the six months ended March 31, 2023 follow:

| Sept 30, 2022 |  | Expense |  | Utilized/Paid |  | Mar 31, 2023
Severance and benefits |  | $ | 117 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 106 |
Other |  | 5 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 3 |
Total |  | $ | 122 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 109 |

The tables above do not include $5 and $7 of costs related to restructuring actions incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively, that are required to be reported in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses; year-to-date amounts are $13 and $12, respectively.
(9) TAXES
Income taxes were $134 in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and $80 in 2022, resulting in effective tax rates of 21 percent and 16 percent, respectively. The prior year rate included a 6 percentage point net benefit related to the completion of tax examinations partially offset by unfavorable discrete tax items.
Income taxes were $232 in the first six of months of fiscal 2023 and $276 in 2022, resulting in effective tax rates of 22 percent and 19 percent, respectively. The prior year rate included a 3 percentage point benefit related to the completion of tax examinations.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and among other things, provides tax relief to businesses. Tax provisions of the CARES Act include the deferral of certain payroll taxes, relief for retaining employees, and other provisions. The Company deferred $73 of certain payroll taxes through the end of calendar year 2020, of which approximately $37 was paid in December 2021 and the remainder was paid in December 2022.
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(10) OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION

| Sept 30, 2022 |  | Mar 31, 2023
Inventories |  |  |  |  |
Finished products |  | $ | 417 |  |  |  | 473 |
Raw materials and work in process |  | 1,325 |  |  |  | 1,561 |
Total |  | $ | 1,742 |  |  |  | 2,034 |

Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment, at cost |  | $ | 5,390 |  |  |  | 5,445 |  |
Less: Accumulated depreciation |  | 3,151 |  |  |  | 3,182 |  |
Total |  | $ | 2,239 |  |  |  | 2,263 |  |

Goodwill by business segment |  |  |  |  |  |
Final Control |  | $ | 2,605 |  |  |  | 2,676 |  |
Measurement & Analytical |  | 1,112 |  |  |  | 1,190 |  |
Discrete Automation |  | 807 |  |  |  | 843 |  |
Safety & Productivity |  | 364 |  |  |  | 391 |  |
Intelligent Devices |  | 4,888 |  |  |  | 5,100 |  |
Control Systems & Software |  | 732 |  |  |  | 670 |  |
AspenTech |  | 8,326 |  |  |  | 8,327 |  |
Software and Control |  | 9,058 |  |  |  | 8,997 |  |
Total |  | $ | 13,946 |  |  |  | 14,097 |  |

Other intangible assets |  |  |
Gross carrying amount |  | $ | 9,671 |  |  |  | 9,800 |
Less: Accumulated amortization |  | 3,099 |  |  |  | 3,501 |
Net carrying amount |  | $ | 6,572 |  |  |  | 6,299 |

Other intangible assets include customer relationships, net, of $3,436 and $3,329 and intellectual property, net, of $2,934 and $2,770 as of September 30, 2022 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
| 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |
Depreciation and amortization expense include the following: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation expense | $ | 79 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 146 |
Amortization of intangibles (includes $14, $49, $28 and $98 reported in Cost of Sales, respectively) | 71 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 335 |
Amortization of capitalized software | 21 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 42 |
Total | $ | 171 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 349 |  |  | 523 |

Amortization of intangibles included $99 and $198, related to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, respectively.
14

| Sept 30, 2022 |  | Mar 31, 2023
Other assets include the following: |  |  |
Pension assets |  | $ | 865 |  |  |  | 933 |
Unbilled receivables (contract assets) |  | 428 |  |  |  | 471 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  | 439 |  |  |  | 436 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 85 |  |  |  | 83 |
Asbestos-related insurance receivables |  | 68 |  |  |  | 67 |

Accrued expenses include the following: |  |  |  |  |
Customer advances (contract liabilities) |  | $ | 751 |  |  |  | 940 |
Employee compensation |  | 523 |  |  |  | 445 |
Income taxes |  | 125 |  |  |  | 390 |
Operating lease liabilities (current) |  | 128 |  |  |  | 132 |
Product warranty |  | 84 |  |  |  | 91 |

The increase in Income taxes was due to remaining income taxes payable of approximately $330 related to the gain on the InSinkErator divestiture and subsidiary restructurings at Climate Technologies, which are expected to be paid by the end of fiscal 2023. See Note 5.

Other liabilities include the following: |  |  |  |  |
Deferred income taxes |  | $ | 1,714 |  |  |  | 1,585 |
Pension and postretirement liabilities |  | 427 |  |  |  | 440 |
Operating lease liabilities (noncurrent) |  | 312 |  |  |  | 305 |
Asbestos litigation |  | 205 |  |  |  | 194 |

(11) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Hedging Activities – As of March 31, 2023, the notional amount of foreign currency hedge positions was approximately $5.0 billion, and commodity hedge contracts totaled approximately $136 (primarily 40 million pounds of copper and aluminum). All derivatives receiving hedge accounting are cash flow hedges. The majority of hedging gains and losses deferred as of March 31, 2023 are expected to be recognized over the next 12 months as the underlying forecasted transactions occur. Gains and losses on foreign currency derivatives reported in Other deductions, net reflect hedges of balance sheet exposures that do not receive hedge accounting.
Net Investment Hedge – In fiscal 2019, the Company issued euro-denominated debt of €1.5 billion. The euro notes reduce foreign currency risk associated with the Company's international subsidiaries that use the euro as their functional currency and have been designated as a hedge of a portion of the investment in these operations. Foreign currency gains or losses associated with the euro-denominated debt are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and will remain until the hedged investment is sold or substantially liquidated.
15

The following gains and losses are included in earnings and other comprehensive income (OCI) for the three and six months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023:

|  |  |  | Into Earnings |  | Into OCI
|  |  |  | 2nd Quarter |  | Six Months |  | 2nd Quarter |  | Six Months
Gains (Losses) |  | Location |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |
Commodity |  | Cost of sales |  | $ | 6 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 13 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 10 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 19 |
Foreign currency |  | Sales |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (2) |  |  | 3 |
Foreign currency |  | Cost of sales |  | 9 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 14 |
Foreign currency |  | Other deductions, net |  | 8 |  |  | (22) |  |  | 52 |  |  | (17) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Investment Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Euro denominated debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35 |  |  | (14) |  |  | 79 |  |  | (137) |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | (15) |  |  | 77 |  |  | (11) |  |  | 57 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 117 |  |  | (101) |

Regardless of whether derivatives and non-derivative financial instruments receive hedge accounting, the Company expects hedging gains or losses to be offset by losses or gains on the related underlying exposures. The amounts ultimately recognized will differ from those presented above for open positions, which remain subject to ongoing market price fluctuations until settlement. Derivatives receiving hedge accounting are highly effective and no amounts were excluded from the as sessment of hedge effectiveness.
Equity Investment – The Company has an equity investment in National Instruments Corporation ("NI"), valued at $117 as of March 31, 2023 (reported in Other current assets), and recognized a mark-to-market gain of $35 in the second quarter of fiscal 2023. On April 12, 2023, Emerson announced an agreement to acquire NI for $60 per share in cash for the remaining shares not already owned by Emerson. See Note 4.
Fair Value Measurement – Valuations for all derivatives and the Company's long-term debt fall within Level 2 of the GAAP valuation hierarchy. As of March 31, 2023, the fair value of long-term debt was $7.2 billion, which was lower than the carrying value by $943. The fair values of commodity and foreign currency contracts did not materially change since September 30, 2022. Foreign currency contracts were reported in Other current assets and Accrued expenses, while commodity contracts, which primarily relate to discontinued operations, were reported in Current assets and liabilities held-for-sale. The fair value of the Company's equity investment in National Instruments falls within Level 1 and was based on the most recent quoted closing market price from its principal exchange for the period ended March 31, 2023.
Counterparties to derivatives arran gements are companies with investment-grade credit ratings. The Company has bilateral collateral arrangements with counterparties with credit rating-based posting thresholds that vary depending on the arrangement. If credit ratings on the Company's debt fall below pre-established levels, counterparties can require immediate full collateralization of all derivatives in net liability positions. The maximum amount that could potentially have been required was immaterial. The Company also can demand full collateralization of derivatives in net asset positions should any counterparty credit ratings fall below certain thresholds. No collateral was posted with counterparties and none was held by the Company as of March 31, 2023.
16

(12) ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Activity in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023 is shown below, net of income taxes:
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |
Foreign currency translation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | (701) |  |  |  | (1,029) |  |  |  | (629) |  |  |  | (1,265) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax of $(8), $4, $(18) and $32, respectively |  | (59) |  |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | (131) |  |  |  | 347 |
Ending balance |  | (760) |  |  |  | (918) |  |  |  | (760) |  |  |  | (918) |
Pension and postretirement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | (241) |  |  |  | (238) |  |  |  | (259) |  |  |  | (222) |
Amortization of deferred actuarial losses into earnings, net of tax of $(5), $3, $(10) and $7, respectively |  | 18 |  |  |  | (17) |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | (33) |
Ending balance |  | (223) |  |  |  | (255) |  |  |  | (223) |  |  |  | (255) |
Cash flow hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | 20 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 2 |
Gains deferred during the period, net of taxes of $(5), $(6), $(9) and $(9), respectively |  | 17 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 27 |
Reclassification of realized (gains) losses to sales and cost of sales, net of tax of $4, $2, $6 and $2, respectively |  | (11) |  |  |  | (5) |  |  |  | (19) |  |  |  | (4) |
Ending balance |  | 26 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | 25 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | (957) |  |  |  | (1,148) |  |  |  | (957) |  |  |  | (1,148) |

(13) BUSINESS SEGMENTS
As disclosed in Note 5, the financial results of Climate Technologies, InSinkErator and Therm-O-Disc are reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented. As a result of these portfolio actions, the Company has realigned its business segments and now reports six segments and two business groups, which are highlighted in the table below. The Company also reclassified certain product sales that were previously reported in Control Systems & Software to Discrete Automation.

| INTELLIGENT DEVICES |  | SOFTWARE AND CONTROL |
| •Final Control |  | •Control Systems & Software |
| •Measurement & Analytical |  | •AspenTech |
| •Discrete Automation |  |  |
| •Safety & Productivity |  |  |

The new segments were previously described as follows: Final Control was the Valves, Actuators & Regulators product offering; Measurement & Analytical was the Measurement & Analytical instrumentation product offering; Discrete Automation was the Industrial Solutions product offering; Safety & Productivity was the Tools & Home Products segment, excluding the divested InSinkErator business; Control Systems & Software was the Systems & Software product offering; and, AspenTech remains unchanged. The AspenTech segment was identified in the third quarter of fiscal 2022 as a result of the Heritage AspenTech acquisition and reflects the combined results of Heritage AspenTech and the Emerson Industrial Software Business (see Note 4 for further details). The results for this new segment include the historical results of the Emerson Industrial Software Business (which were previously reported in the Control Systems & Software segment), while results related to the Heritage AspenTech business only include periods subsequent to the close of the transaction. Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
17

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
| Sales |  | Earnings |  | Sales |  | Earnings
| 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |
Final Control | $ | 884 |  |  | 992 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 1,701 |  |  | 1,854 |  |  | 274 |  |  | 373 |
Measurement & Analytical | 769 |  |  | 888 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 229 |  |  | 1,506 |  |  | 1,637 |  |  | 346 |  |  | 404 |
Discrete Automation | 644 |  |  | 683 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 1,261 |  |  | 1,301 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 254 |
Safety & Productivity | 355 |  |  | 361 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 706 |  |  | 671 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 146 |
Intelligent Devices | 2,652 |  |  | 2,924 |  |  | 523 |  |  | 660 |  |  | 5,174 |  |  | 5,463 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 1,177 |
Control Systems & Software | 573 |  |  | 623 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 1,143 |  |  | 1,229 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 234 |
AspenTech | 84 |  |  | 230 |  |  | (4) |  |  | (54) |  |  | 166 |  |  | 473 |  |  | (6) |  |  | (87) |
Software and Control | 657 |  |  | 853 |  |  | 97 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 1,309 |  |  | 1,702 |  |  | 211 |  |  | 147 |
Stock compensation |  |  |  |  | (43) |  |  | (40) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (77) |  |  | (142) |
Unallocated pension and postretirement costs |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  | 46 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 51 |  |  | 91 |
Corporate and other |  |  |  |  | (42) |  |  | (47) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (97) |  |  | (111) |
Gain on subordinated interest |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 453 |  |  | — |
Eliminations/Interest | (18) |  |  | (21) |  |  | (51) |  |  | (53) |  |  | (36) |  |  | (36) |  |  | (90) |  |  | (101) |
Total | $ | 3,291 |  |  | 3,756 |  |  | 509 |  |  | 639 |  |  | 6,447 |  |  | 7,129 |  |  | 1,451 |  |  | 1,061 |

Depreciation and amortization (includes intellectual property, customer relationships and capitalized software) by business segment are summarized below:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |
Final Control |  | $ | 50 |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 103 |  |  | 90 |
Measurement & Analytical |  | 30 |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  | 58 |
Discrete Automation |  | 22 |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 45 |  |  | 43 |
Safety & Productivity |  | 14 |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  | 29 |
Intelligent Devices |  | 116 |  |  | 110 |  |  |  | 238 |  |  | 220 |
Control Systems & Software |  | 22 |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 47 |  |  | 45 |
AspenTech |  | 24 |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 47 |  |  | 246 |
Software and Control |  | 46 |  |  | 147 |  |  |  | 94 |  |  | 291 |
Corporate and other |  | 9 |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 17 |  |  | 12 |
Total |  | $ | 171 |  |  | 263 |  |  |  | 349 |  |  | 523 |

18

Sales by geographic destination, Americas, Asia, Middle East & Africa ("AMEA") and Europe, are summarized below:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2022 |  | 2023
|  | Americas |  | AMEA |  | Europe |  | Total |  | Americas |  | AMEA |  | Europe |  | Total
Final Control |  | $ | 412 |  |  | 337 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 884 |  |  | 494 |  |  | 362 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 992 |
Measurement & Analytical |  | 361 |  |  | 295 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 769 |  |  | 455 |  |  | 304 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 888 |
Discrete Automation |  | 296 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 644 |  |  | 311 |  |  | 184 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 683 |
Safety & Productivity |  | 260 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 355 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 361 |
Intelligent Devices |  | 1,329 |  |  | 820 |  |  | 503 |  |  | 2,652 |  |  | 1,532 |  |  | 866 |  |  | 526 |  |  | 2,924 |
Control Systems & Software |  | 282 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 573 |  |  | 314 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 623 |
AspenTech |  | 48 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 230 |
Software and Control |  | 330 |  |  | 194 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 657 |  |  | 428 |  |  | 247 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 853 |
Total |  | $ | 1,659 |  |  | 1,014 |  |  | 636 |  |  | 3,309 |  |  | 1,960 |  |  | 1,113 |  |  | 704 |  |  | 3,777 |
| Six Months Ended March 31, |  | Six Months Ended March 31,
| 2022 |  | 2023
|  | Americas |  | AMEA |  | Europe |  | Total |  | Americas |  | AMEA |  | Europe |  | Total
Final Control |  | $ | 764 |  |  | 673 |  |  | 264 |  |  | 1,701 |  |  | 940 |  |  | 670 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 1,854 |
Measurement & Analytical |  | 672 |  |  | 591 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 1,506 |  |  | 851 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 1,637 |
Discrete Automation |  | 570 |  |  | 354 |  |  | 337 |  |  | 1,261 |  |  | 602 |  |  | 359 |  |  | 340 |  |  | 1,301 |
Safety & Productivity |  | 530 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 706 |  |  | 508 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 671 |
Intelligent Devices |  | 2,536 |  |  | 1,651 |  |  | 987 |  |  | 5,174 |  |  | 2,901 |  |  | 1,612 |  |  | 950 |  |  | 5,463 |
Control Systems & Software |  | 550 |  |  | 348 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 1,143 |  |  | 608 |  |  | 371 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 1,229 |
AspenTech |  | 102 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 166 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 473 |
Software and Control |  | 652 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 274 |  |  | 1,309 |  |  | 834 |  |  | 495 |  |  | 373 |  |  | 1,702 |
Total |  | $ | 3,188 |  |  | 2,034 |  |  | 1,261 |  |  | 6,483 |  |  | 3,735 |  |  | 2,107 |  |  | 1,323 |  |  | 7,165 |

19

Items 2 and 3.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Dollars are in millions, except per share amounts or where noted)
OVERVIEW
On April 12, 2023, Emerson announced an agreement to acquire National Instruments Corporation ("NI") for $60 per share in cash at an equity value of $8.2 billion. The effective price per share is $59.61 considering shares previously acquired by Emerson, see Note 11. NI, which provides software-connected automated test and measurement systems that enable enterprises to bring products to market faster and at a lower cost, had revenues of $1.66 billion in 2022. The transaction is expected to close in the first half of Emerson’s fiscal 2024, subject to the completion of customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals and approval by NI shareholders.
In October 2022, the Board of Directors approved the Company's agreement to sell a majority stake in its Climate Technologies business (which constitutes the historical Climate Technologies segment, excluding Therm-O-Disc which was divested in fiscal 2022) to private equity funds managed by Blackstone in a $14.0 billion transaction. The transaction is expected to close in the Company's third quarter of fiscal 2023, subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions.
On October 31, 2022, the Company completed the divestiture of its InSinkErator business, which manufactures food waste disposers, to Whirlpool Corporation for $3.0 billion, and the Company recognized a pretax gain of $2.8 billion (approximately $2.1 billion after-tax) in the first quarter of fiscal 2023.
Climate Technologies, Therm-O-Disc and InSinkErator are reported within discontinued operations for all periods presented. See Note 5.
On May 16, 2022, the Company completed the transactions contemplated by its definitive agreement with Aspen Technology, Inc. ("Heritage AspenTech") to contribute two of Emerson's stand-alone industrial software businesses, Open Systems International, Inc. and the Geological Simulation Software business, along with approximately $6.0 billion in cash to Heritage AspenTech stockholders, to create "New AspenTech" (hereinafter referred to as "AspenTech"). Upon closing of the transaction, Emerson owned 55 percent of the outstanding shares of AspenTech common stock (on a fully diluted basis). See Note 4. Due to the timing of the acquisition in the prior year, the results for the three and six months ended March 31, 2022 do not include the results of Heritage AspenTech.
For the second quarter of fiscal 2023, net sales from continuing operations were $3.8 billion, up 14 percent compared with the prior year. Underlying sales, which exclude foreign currency translation, acquisitions and divestitures, were up 14 percent, while foreign currency translation had a 3 percent unfavorable impact. The AspenTech acquisition added 4 percent and the divestiture of Metran, Emerson's Russia-based manufacturing subsidiary, deducted 1 percent. Sales growth was strong across the majority of the Company's business segments and all geographies were up double digits.
Earnings from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders were $530, up 24 percent, and diluted earnings per share from continuing operations were $0.92, up 28 percent compared with $0.72 in the prior year. Adjusted diluted earnings per share from continuing operations were $1.09 compared with $0.87 in the prior year, reflecting the strong sales growth and operating performance.
The table below presents the Company's diluted earnings per share from continuing operations on an adjusted basis to facilitate period-to-period comparisons and provide additional insight into the underlying, ongoing operating performance of the Company. Adjusted diluted earnings per share from continuing operations excludes intangibles amortization expense, restructuring expense, first year purchase accounting related items and transaction-related costs, and certain gains, losses or impairments.
20

Three Months Ended Mar 31 |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2023
Diluted earnings from continuing operations per share |  |  |  | $ | 0.72 |  |  | 0.92 |
Amortization of intangibles |  |  |  | 0.09 |  |  | 0.16 |
Restructuring and related costs |  |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | 0.04 |
National Instruments investment gain |  |  |  | — |  |  | (0.05) |
Acquisition/divestiture costs |  |  |  | 0.04 |  |  | 0.01 |
AspenTech Micromine purchase price hedge loss |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.01 |
Adjusted diluted earnings from continuing operations per share |  |  |  | $ | 0.87 |  |  | 1.09 |

The table below summarizes the changes in adjusted diluted earnings per share from continuing operations. The items identified below are discussed throughout MD&A, see further discussion above and in the Business Segments and Financial Position sections below.

|  | Three Months Ended
Adjusted diluted earnings from continuing operations per share - Mar 31, 2022 |  | $ | 0.87 |
Operations |  | 0.26 |
Stock compensation |  | 0.01 |
Foreign currency |  | (0.03) |
Effective tax rate |  | (0.06) |
Share count |  | 0.04 |
Adjusted diluted earnings from continuing operations per share - Mar 31, 2023 |  | $ | 1.09 |

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31
Following is an analysis of the Company’s operating results for the second quarter ended March 31, 2022, compared with the second quarter ended March 31, 2023.

| 2022 |  | 2023 |  | Change
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts) |  |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ | 3,291 |  |  | 3,756 |  |  | 14 | %
Gross profit | $ | 1,476 |  |  | 1,801 |  |  | 22 | %
Percent of sales | 44.8 | % |  | 47.9 | % |  | 3.1 pts
SG&A | $ | 888 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 13 | %
Percent of sales | 26.9 | % |  | 26.7 | % |  | (0.2) pts
Other deductions, net | $ | 28 |  |  | 109 |  |  |
Amortization of intangibles | $ | 57 |  |  | 119 |  |  |
Restructuring costs | $ | 9 |  |  | 19 |  |  |
Interest expense, net | $ | 51 |  |  | 53 |  |  |
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | 509 |  |  | 639 |  |  | 25 | %
Percent of sales | 15.5 | % |  | 17.0 | % |  | 1.5 pts
Earnings from continuing operations common stockholders | $ | 428 |  |  | 530 |  |  | 24 | %
Percent of sales | 13.0 | % |  | 14.2 | % |  | 1.2 pts
Net earnings common stockholders | $ | 674 |  |  | 792 |  |  | 18 | %
Diluted EPS - Earnings from continuing operations | $ | 0.72 |  |  | 0.92 |  |  | 28 | %
Diluted EPS - Net Earnings | $ | 1.13 |  |  | 1.38 |  |  | 22 | %

21

Net sales for the second quarter of fiscal 2023 were $3.8 billion, up 14 percent compared with 2022. Intelligent Devices sales were up 10 percent, while Software and Control sales were up 30 percent, which included the impact of the Heritage AspenTech acquisition. Underlying sales were up 14 percent on 9 percent higher volume and 5 percent higher price, while f or eign currency translation had a 3 percent negative impact. The Heritage AspenTech acquisition added 4 percent and the divestiture of Metran, Emerson's Russia-based manufacturing subsidiary, deducted 1 percent. Underlying sales were up 16 percent in the U.S. and up 12 percent internationally. The Americas was up 15 percent, Europe was up 14 percent, and Asia, Middle East & Africa was up 11 percent (China up 7 percent).
Cost of sales for the second quarter of fiscal 2023 were $1,955, an increase of $140 compared with 2022. Gross margin of 47.9 percent increased 3.1 percentage points due to favorable price less net material inflation, the impact of the Heritage AspenTech acquisition which benefited margins by 0.8 percentage points, and favorable mix.
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expens es of $1,000 increased $112 and SG&A as a percent of sales decreased 0.2 percentage points to 26.7 percent compared with the prior year, reflecting strong operating leverage on higher sales, partially offset by the Heritage AspenTech acquisition.
Other deductions, net were $109 in 2023, an increase of $81 compared with the prior year, reflecting higher intangibles amortization of $62 primarily related to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition, a mark-to-market loss of $14 related to foreign currency forward contracts entered into by AspenTec h to mitigate the impact of foreign currency exchange associated with the Micromine purchase price, and an unfavorable impact from foreign currency transactions of $32, reflecting losses in the current year compared to gains in the prior year. These items were partially offset by a mark-to-market gain of $35 on the Company's equity investment in NI. See Note 7.
Pretax earnings from continuing operations of $639 increased $130, up 25 percent compared with the prior year, reflecting strong operating leverage on higher sales. Earnings increased $137 in Intelligent Devices and decreased $24 in Software and Control (reflecting the impact of higher intangibles amortization due to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition), while costs reported at Corporate decreased $19. See the Business Segments discussion that follows and Note 13.
Income taxes were $134 in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 and $80 in 2022, resulting in effective tax rates of 21 percent and 16 percent, respectively. The prior year rate included a 6 percentage point net benefit related to the completion of tax examinations partially offset by unfavorable discrete tax items.
Earnings from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders were $530, up 24 percent, and diluted earnings per share from continuing operations were $0.92, up 28 percent compared with $0.72 in the prior year. Adjusted diluted earnings per share from continuing operations were $1.09 compared with $0.87 in the prior year, reflecting strong operating results. See the analysis above of adjusted earnings per share for further details.
Earnings from discontinued operations were $262 ($0.46 per share) compared to $246 ($0.41 per share) in the prior year. See Note 5.
Net earnings common stockholders in the second quarter of fiscal 2023 were $792, up 18 percent, compared with $674 in the prior year, and earnings per share were $1.38, up 22 percent, compared with $1.13 in the prior year.
The table below, which shows results from continuing operations on an adjusted EBITA basis, is intended to supplement the Company's discussion of its results of operations herein. The Company defines adjusted EBITA as earnings from continuing operations excluding interest expense, net, income taxes, intangibles amortization expense, restructuring expense, first year purchase accounting related items and transaction-related costs, and certain gains, losses or impairments. Adjusted EBITA and adjusted EBITA margin are measures used by management and may be useful for investors to evaluate the Company's operational performance.
22

Three Months Ended Mar 31 | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | Change
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | 509 |  |  | 639 |  |  | 25 | %
Percent of sales | 15.5 | % |  | 17.0 | % |  | 1.5 pts
Interest expense, net | 51 |  |  | 53 |  |  |
Amortization of intangibles | 71 |  |  | 168 |  |  |
Restructuring and related costs | 14 |  |  | 26 |  |  |
National Instruments investment gain | — |  |  | (35) |  |  |
Acquisition/divestiture costs | 7 |  |  | 10 |  |  |
AspenTech Micromine purchase price hedge loss | — |  |  | 14 |  |  |
Adjusted EBITA from continuing operations | $ | 652 |  |  | 875 |  |  | 34 | %
Percent of sales | 19.8 | % |  | 23.3 | % |  | 3.5 pts

23

Business Segments
Following is an analysis of operating results for the Company’s business segments for the second quarter ended March 31, 2022, compared with the second quarter ended March 31, 2023. The Company defines segment earnings as earnings before interest and taxes. See Note 13 for a discussion of the Company's business segments.
INTELLIGENT DEVICES

| 2022 |  | 2023 |  | Change |  | FX |  | Acq/Div |  | U/L
Sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Final Control | $ | 884 |  |  | 992 |  |  | 12 | % |  | 3 | % |  | 1 | % |  | 16 | %
Measurement & Analytical | 769 |  |  | 888 |  |  | 15 | % |  | 3 | % |  | 2 | % |  | 20 | %
Discrete Automation | 644 |  |  | 683 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 3 | % |  | — | % |  | 9 | %
Safety & Productivity | 355 |  |  | 361 |  |  | 2 | % |  | 1 | % |  | — | % |  | 3 | %
Total | $ | 2,652 |  |  | 2,924 |  |  | 10 | % |  | 3 | % |  | 1 | % |  | 14 | %
Earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Final Control | $ | 152 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 41 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Measurement & Analytical | 176 |  |  | 229 |  |  | 30 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Discrete Automation | 130 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 2 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Safety & Productivity | 65 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 29 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 523 |  |  | 660 |  |  | 26 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Margin | 19.7 | % |  | 22.6 | % |  | 2.9 pts |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of intangibles: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Final Control | $ | 24 |  |  | 22 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Measurement & Analytical | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discrete Automation | 7 |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Safety & Productivity | 7 |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 43 |  |  | 41 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring and related costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Final Control | $ | 8 |  |  | 9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Measurement & Analytical | 3 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discrete Automation | 1 |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Safety & Productivity | — |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 12 |  |  | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITA | $ | 578 |  |  | 719 |  |  | 24 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITA Margin | 21.8 | % |  | 24.6 | % |  | 2.8 pts |  |  |  |  |  |

Intelligent Devices sales were $2.9 billion in the second quarter of 2023, an increase of $272, or 10 percent. Underlying sales increased 14 percent on 9 percent higher volume and 5 percent higher price. Unde rlying sales increased 16 percent in the Americas, Europe increased 14 percent and Asia, Middle East & Africa was up 11 percent (China up 8 percent). F inal Control sales increased $108, or 12 percent, while u nderlying sales were up 16 percent, reflecting strength in energy and chemical end markets, with broad-based strength across all geographies. Sales for Measurement & Analytical increased $119, or 15 percent, and u nderlying sales were up 20 percent, reflecting robust growth in the Americas and Europe and strong growth in Asia, Middle East & Africa, due to strong demand and backlog conversion. Discrete Automation sales increased $39, or 6 percent, while underlying sales increased 9 percent, reflecting broad-based demand across end markets and all geographies, with particular strength in Asia, Middle East & Africa and Europe. Safety & Productivity sales increased $6, or 2 percent, and underlying sales were up 3 percent, reflecting modest improvement compared to the prior year and strong growth sequentially, particularly in the Americas. Earnings for Intelligent Devices were $660, an increase of $137, or 26 percent, and margin increased 2.9 percentage points to 22.6 percent, reflecting favorable price less net material inflation, leverage on higher sales
24

and favorable mix, partially offset by wage and other inflation. Adjusted EBITA margin was 24.6 percent, an increase of 2.8 percentage points.
SOFTWARE AND CONTROL

| 2022 |  | 2023 |  | Change |  | FX |  | Acq/Div |  | U/L
Sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Control Systems & Software | $ | 573 |  |  | 623 |  |  | 9 | % |  | 3 | % |  | 1 | % |  | 13 | %
AspenTech | 84 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 172 | % |  | — | % |  | 172 | % |  | — | %
Total | $ | 657 |  |  | 853 |  |  | 30 | % |  | 3 | % |  | (20) | % |  | 13 | %
Earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Control Systems & Software | $ | 101 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 25 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
AspenTech | (4) |  |  | (54) |  |  | (1162) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 97 |  |  | 73 |  |  | (25) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Margin | 14.7 | % |  | 8.6 | % |  | (6.1) pts |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of intangibles: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Control Systems & Software | $ | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AspenTech | 23 |  |  | 122 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 28 |  |  | 127 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring and related costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Control Systems & Software | $ | — |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AspenTech | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | — |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITA | $ | 125 |  |  | 205 |  |  | 64 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITA Margin | 19.1 | % |  | 24.1 | % |  | 5.0 pts |  |  |  |  |  |

Software and Control sales were $853 in t he second quarter of 2023, an increase of $196, or 30 percent compared to the prior year, reflecting the impact of the Heritage AspenTech acquisition and strong growth in Control Systems & Software. Underlying sales were up 13 percent on 11 percent higher volume and 2 percent higher price. U nderlying sales increased 12 percent in the Americas, 15 percent in Europe and 11 percent in Asia, Middle East & Africa (China down 2 percent). Control Systems & Software sales increased $50, or 9 percent, while underlying sales increased 13 percent, reflecting global strength in process end markets while power end markets were strong in Asia, Middle East & Africa and the Americas. AspenTech sales increased $146, or 172 percent, due to the acquisition of Heritage AspenTech. Earnings for Software and Control decreased $24, down 25 percent, and margin decreased 6.1 percentage points, reflecting the impact from $99 of incremental intangibles amortization ($35 of which was reported in Cost of Sales) related to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition. Adjusted EBITA margin increased 5.0 percentage points, reflecting the impact of the Heritage AspenTech acquisition, favorable mix and leverage on higher sales, partially offset by inflation and unfavorable foreign currency transactions.
25

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31
Following is an analysis of the Company’s operating results for the six months ended March 31, 2022, compared with the six months ended March 31, 2023.

| 2022 |  | 2023 |  | Change
Net sales | $ | 6,447 |  |  | 7,129 |  |  | 11 | %
Gross profit | $ | 2,891 |  |  | 3,421 |  |  | 18 | %
Percent of sales | 44.8 | % |  | 48.0 | % |  | 3.2 pts
SG&A | $ | 1,737 |  |  | 2,030 |  |  | 17 | %
Percent of sales | 26.9 | % |  | 28.5 | % |  | 1.6 pts
Gain on subordinated interest | $ | (453) |  |  | — |  |  |
Other deductions, net | $ | 66 |  |  | 229 |  |  |
Amortization of intangibles | $ | 114 |  |  | 237 |  |  |
Restructuring costs | $ | 15 |  |  | 29 |  |  |
Interest expense, net | $ | 90 |  |  | 101 |  |  |
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | 1,451 |  |  | 1,061 |  |  | (27) | %
Percent of sales | 22.5 | % |  | 14.9 | % |  | (7.6) pts
Earnings from continuing operations common stockholders | $ | 1,174 |  |  | 859 |  |  | (27) | %
Percent of sales | 18.2 | % |  | 12.0 | % |  | (6.2) pts
Net earnings common stockholders | $ | 1,570 |  |  | 3,123 |  |  | 99 | %
Diluted EPS - Earnings from continuing operations | $ | 1.96 |  |  | 1.48 |  |  | (24) | %
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 2.63 |  |  | 5.38 |  |  | 105 | %

Net sales for the first six months of 2023 were $7.1 billion, up 11 percent compared with 2022. Intelligent Devices sales were up 6 percent, while Software and Control sales were up 30 percent, which included the impact of the Heritage AspenTech acquisition. Underlying sales were up 11 percent on 6 percent higher volume and 5 percent higher price, and foreign currency translation subtracted 4 percent. The Heritage AspenTech acquisition added 5 percent and the divestiture of Metran deducted 1 percent. Underlying sales increased 14 percent in the U.S. and increased 8 percent internationally. The Americas was up 14 percent, Europe was up 9 percent and Asia, Middle East & Africa was up 6 percent (China was flat).
Cost of sales for 2023 were $3,708, an increase of $152 versus $3,556 in 2022. Gross margin of 48.0 percent increased 3.2 percentage points due to favorable price less net material inflation, the impact of the Heritage AspenTech acquisition which benefited margins by 1.1 percentage points, and favorable mix.
SG&A expenses of $2,030 increased $293 and SG&A as a percent of sales increased 1.6 percentage points to 28.5 percent, reflecting the Heritage AspenTech acquisition and higher stock compensation expense of $65, of which $20 related to Emerson stock plans due to an increasing stock price in the current year and $45 was attributable to AspenTech stock plans. These items were partially offset by strong operating leverage on higher sales.
In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company received a distribution of $438 related to its subordinated interest in Vertiv (in total, a gain of $453 was recognized in the first quarter, $358 after-tax, $0.60 per share). Based on the terms of the agreement and the current calculation, the Company could receive additional distributions of approximately $75 which are expected to be received over the next two-to-three years. However, the distributions are contingent on the timing and price at which Vertiv shares are sold by the equity holders and therefore, there can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of the remaining distributions to the Company.
26

Other deductions, net were $229 in 2023, an increase of $163 compared with the prior year, reflecting higher intangibles amortization of $123 primarily related to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition, a charge of $47 related to the Company exiting its business in Russia and an unfavorable impact from foreign currency transactions of $67 reflecting losses in the current year compared to gains in the prior year. These items were partially offset by a mark-to-market gain of $35 on the Company's equity investment in NI and a mark-to-market gain of $21 related to foreign currency forward contracts entered into by AspenTech to mitigate the impact of foreign currency exchange associated with the Micromine purchase price. See Note 7.
Pretax earnings from continuing operations of $1,061 decreased $390, or 27 percent, largely due to the Vertiv gain discussed above. Earnings increased $177 in Intelligent Devices and decreased $64 in Software and Control (reflecting the impact of higher intangibles amortization due to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition), while costs reported at Corporate increased $39 largely due to higher stock compensation expense of $65 and the $47 Russia business exit loss, partially offset by the $35 gain on the Company's equity investment in NI and the $21 gain on the Micromine foreign currency forward contracts. See the Business Segments discussion that follows and Note 13.
Income taxes were $232 for the first six months of 2023 and $276 for 2022, resulting in effective tax rates of 22 percent and 19 percent, respecti vely. The prior year rate included a 3 percentage point benefit related to the completion of tax examinations.
Earnings from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders were $859, down 27 percent compared with the prior year, and diluted earnings per share from continuing operations were $1.48, down 24 percent compared with $1.96 in 2022. The prior year included a $0.60 gain related to the Company's subordinated interest in Vertiv. Adjusted diluted earnings per share from continuing operations were $1.86 compared with $1.65 in the prior year, reflecting strong operating results. See the analysis below of adjusted earnings per share for further details.
Earnings from discontinued operations were $2,264 ($3.90 per share) which included the $2.1 billion after-tax gain on the divestiture of InSinkErator, compared to $396 ($0.67 per share) in the prior year. Earnings from discontinued operations were negatively impacted by approximately $245 of income taxes within Climate Technologies related to subsidiary restructurings and $55 of transaction-related costs. See Note 5.
Net earnings common stockholders were $3,123 ($5.38 per share) compared with $1,570 ($2.63 per share) in the prior year.
The table below presents the Company's diluted earnings per share on an adjusted basis to facilitate period-to-period comparisons and provide additional insight into the underlying, ongoing operating performance of the Company.

Six Months Ended Mar 31 |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2023
Diluted earnings from continuing operations per share |  |  |  | $ | 1.96 |  |  | 1.48 |
Amortization of intangibles |  |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 0.30
Restructuring and related costs |  |  |  | 0.04 |  |  | 0.06
Gain on subordinated interest |  |  |  | (0.60) |  |  | — |
National Instruments investment gain |  |  |  | — |  |  | (0.05) |
Acquisition/divestiture costs and pre-acquisition interest on AspenTech debt |  |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | 0.01 |
Russia business exit charge |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.08 |
AspenTech Micromine purchase price hedge gain |  |  |  | — |  |  | (0.02) |
Adjusted diluted earnings from continuing operations per share |  |  |  | $ | 1.65 |  |  | 1.86

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The table below summarizes the changes in adjusted diluted earnings per share. The items identified below are discussed throughout MD&A, see further discussion above and in the Business Segments and Financial Position sections below.

|  | Six Months Ended
Adjusted diluted earnings from continuing operations per share - Mar 31, 2022 |  | $ | 1.65 |
Operations |  | 0.40 |
Stock compensation |  | (0.08) |
Foreign currency |  | (0.11) |
Pensions |  | 0.05 |
Effective tax rate |  | (0.06) |
Interest expense, net |  | (0.04) |
Share count/other |  | 0.05 |
Adjusted diluted earnings from continuing operations per share - Mar 31, 2023 |  | $ | 1.86 |

The table below, which shows results on an adjusted EBITA basis, is intended to supplement the Company's discussion of its results of operations herein.

Six Months Ended Mar 31 | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | Change
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | 1,451 |  |  | 1,061 |  |  | (27) | %
Percent of sales | 22.5 | % |  | 14.9 | % |  | (7.6) pts
Interest expense, net | 90 |  |  | 101 |  |  |
Amortization of intangibles | 142 |  |  | 335 |  |  |
Restructuring and related costs | 28 |  |  | 41 |  |  |
Gain on subordinated interest | (453) |  |  | — |  |  |
National Instruments investment gain | — |  |  | (35) |  |  |
Acquisition/divestiture costs | 30 |  |  | 10 |  |  |
Russia business exit charge | — |  |  | 47 |  |  |
AspenTech Micromine purchase price hedge gain | — |  |  | (21) |  |  |
Adjusted EBITA from continuing operations | $ | 1,288 |  |  | 1,539 |  |  | 20 | %
Percent of sales | 20.0 | % |  | 21.6 | % |  | 1.6 pts

Business Segments
Following is an analysis of operating results for the Company’s business segments for the six months ended March 31, 2022, compared with the six months ended March 31, 2023. The Company defines segment earnings as earnings before interest and taxes. As a result of the Company's portfolio transformation, the Company has realigned its business segments and now reports six segments and two business groups. See Note 13.
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INTELLIGENT DEVICES

| 2022 |  | 2023 |  | Change |  | FX |  | Acq/Div |  | U/L |
Sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Final Control | $ | 1,701 |  |  | 1,854 |  |  | 9 | % |  | 4 | % |  | 1 | % |  | 14 | % |
Measurement & Analytical | 1,506 |  |  | 1,637 |  |  | 9 | % |  | 4 | % |  | 2 | % |  | 15 | % |
Discrete Automation | 1,261 |  |  | 1,301 |  |  | 3 | % |  | 5 | % |  | — | % |  | 8 | % |
Safety & Productivity | 706 |  |  | 671 |  |  | (5) | % |  | 2 | % |  | — | % |  | (3) | % |
Total | $ | 5,174 |  |  | 5,463 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 4 | % |  | — | % |  | 10 | % |
Earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Final Control | $ | 274 |  |  | 373 |  |  | 36 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Measurement & Analytical | 346 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 17 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discrete Automation | 250 |  |  | 254 |  |  | 2 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Safety & Productivity | 130 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 13 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 1,000 |  |  | 1,177 |  |  | 18 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Margin | 19.3 | % |  | 21.5 | % |  | 2.2 pts |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of intangibles: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Final Control | $ | 48 |  |  | 44 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Measurement & Analytical | 11 |  |  | 10 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discrete Automation | 15 |  |  | 14 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Safety & Productivity | 13 |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 87 |  |  | 81 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring and related costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Final Control | $ | 15 |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Measurement & Analytical | 5 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discrete Automation | 3 |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Safety & Productivity | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 24 |  |  | 24 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITA | $ | 1,111 |  |  | 1,282 |  |  | 15 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITA Margin | 21.5 | % |  | 23.5 | % |  | 2.0 pts |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Intelligent Devices sales were $5.5 billion in the first six months of 2023, an increase of $289, or 6 percent. Underlying sales increased 10 percent on 5 percent higher volume and 5 percent higher price. Unde rlying sales increased 15 percent in the Americas, Europe increased 8 percent, and Asia, Middle East & Africa was up 4 percent (China down 2 percent). F inal Control sales increased $153, or 9 percent. Underlying sales were up 14 percent, reflecting strength in energy and chemical end markets, particularly in the Americas, while Europe and Asia, Middle East & Africa were up moderately. Sales for Measurement & Analytical increased $131, or 9 percent. Underlying sales were up 15 percent, reflecting robust growth in the Americas and Europe due to strong demand and backlog conversion, while Asia, Middle East & Africa was down slightly due to weakness in China. Discrete Automation sales increased $40, or 3 percent, while underlying sales increased 8 percent, reflecting broad-based demand across most end markets and all geographies despite continued supply chain constraints. Safety & Productivity sales decreased $35, or 5 percent, and underlying sales decreased 3 percent, reflecting weakness in the Americas and Europe. Earnings for Intelligent Devices were $1,177, an increase of $177, or 18 percent, and margin increased 2.2 percentage points to 21.5 percent, reflecting favorable price less net material inflation, leverage on higher sales and favorable mix, partially offset by wage and other inflation. Adjusted EBITA margin was 23.5 percent, an increase of 2.0 percentage points.
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SOFTWARE AND CONTROL

|  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | Change |  | FX |  | Acq/Div |  | U/L
Sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Control Systems & Software |  | $ | 1,143 |  |  | 1,229 |  |  | 8 | % |  | 4 | % |  | 1 | % |  | 13 | %
AspenTech |  | 166 |  |  | 473 |  |  | 184 | % |  | — | % |  | (184) | % |  | — | %
Total |  | $ | 1,309 |  |  | 1,702 |  |  | 30 | % |  | 4 | % |  | (21) | % |  | 13 | %
Earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Control Systems & Software |  | $ | 217 |  |  | 234 |  |  | 7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
AspenTech |  | (6) |  |  | (87) |  |  | (1316) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 211 |  |  | 147 |  |  | (31) | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Margin |  | 16.1 | % |  | 8.6 | % |  | (7.5) pts |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of intangibles: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Control Systems & Software |  | $ | 10 |  |  | 11 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AspenTech |  | 45 |  |  | 243 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 55 |  |  | 254 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring and related costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Control Systems & Software |  | $ | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AspenTech |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITA |  | $ | 267 |  |  | 407 |  |  | 52 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITA Margin |  | 20.4 | % |  | 23.9 | % |  | 3.5 pts |  |  |  |  |  |

Software and Control sales were $1,702 in th e first six months of 2023, an increase of $393, or 30 percent compared to the prior year, reflecting the impact of the Heritage AspenTech acquisition and strong growth in Control Systems & Software. Underlying sales were up 13 percent on 11 percent higher volume and 2 percent higher price. U nderlying sales increased 11 percent in the Americas, 14 percent in Europe and 13 percent in Asia, Middle East & Africa (China up 12 percent). Control Systems & Software sales increased $86, or 8 percent. Underlying sales increased 13 percent, reflecting global strength in process end markets while power end markets were strong in Europe and up moderately in the Americas and Asia, Middle East & Africa. AspenTech sales increased $307, or 184 percent, due to the acquisition of Heritage AspenTech. Earnings for Software and Control decreased $64, down 31 percent, and margin decreased 7.5 percentage points, reflecting the impact from $198 of incremental intangibles amortization ($70 of which was reported in Cost of Sales) related to the Heritage AspenTech acquisition. Adjusted EBITA margin increased 3.5 percentage points, reflecting the impact of the Heritage AspenTech acquisition, leverage on higher sales and favorable mix, partially offset by inflation and unfavorable foreign currency transactions.
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FINANCIAL CONDITION
Key elements of the Company's financial condition for the six months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended September 30, 2022 and the six months ended March 31, 2022 follow.

| Mar 31, 2022 |  | Sept 30, 2022 |  | Mar 31, 2023
Operating working capital | $ | 1,044 |  |  | $ | 990 |  |  | $ | 1,140 |
Current ratio | 1.7 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 1.2 |
Total debt-to-total capital | 50.9 | % |  | 50.0 | % |  | 47.1 | %
Net debt-to-net capital | 27.6 | % |  | 45.3 | % |  | 41.6 | %
Interest coverage ratio | 16.0 | X |  | 11.7 | X |  | 8.6 | X

The Company's operating working capital as of March 31, 2023 includes remaining income taxes payable of approximately $330 related to the gain on the InSinkErator divestiture and subsidiary restructurings at Climate Technologies, which are expected to be paid by the end of fiscal 2023. Excluding these income taxes payable related to discontinued operations, operating working capital remained elevated due to higher inventory levels to support sales growth and reflecting ongoing supply chain and logistics constraints. As of March 31, 2023, Emerson's cash and equivalents totaled $2,046, which included $287 attributable to AspenTech. The cash held by AspenTech is intended to be used for its own purposes and is not a readily available source of liquidity for other Emerson general business purposes or to return to Emerson shareholders.
The current ratio increased slightly compared to September 30, 2022. The i nterest coverage ratio (earnings before income taxes plus interest expense, divided by interest expense) of 8.6X for the first six months of fiscal 2023 compares to 16.0X for the six months ended March 31, 2022, reflecting lower pretax earnings and higher interest expense. Pretax earnings in the prior year included the Vertiv subordinated interest gain of $453. Excluding the gain, the interest coverage ratio was 11.3X for the six months ended March 31, 2022.
Operating cash flow from continuing operations for the first six months of fiscal 2023 was $877, an increase of $121 compared with $756 in the prior year, reflecting higher earnings (excluding the prior year impact of the Vertiv subordinated interest gain and the current year impact from Heritage AspenTech intangibles amortization), partially offset by higher working capital due to ongoing supply chain constraints. Operating cash flow included approximately $180 generated by AspenTech. Free cas h flow from continuing operations of $756 in the first six months of fiscal 2023 (operating cash flow of $877 less capital expenditures of $121) increased $140 compared to free cash flow of $616 in 2022 (operating cash flow of $756 less capital expenditures of $140), reflecting the increase in operating cash flow and lower capital spending. Cash used in investing activities from continuing operations was $182. Cash used in financing activities from continuing operations was $3,036, reflecting share repurchases of $2.0 billion, repayments of long-term debt of $742, which included $264 related to AspenTech's repayment of the outstanding balance on its existing te rm loan facility plus accrued interest, and dividend payments.
Total cash provided by operating activities was $486 including the impact of discontinued operations, and decreased $479 compared with $965 in the prior year due to approximately $575 of incomes taxes paid related to the gain on the InSinkErator divestiture and subsidiary restructurings at Climate Technologies. Investing cash flow from discontinued operations was $2.9 billion, reflecting proceeds from the InSinkErator divestiture.
The Company expects to receive after-tax proceeds of approximately $7.8 billion from the Climate Technologies transaction, which is expected to close in the third quarter of fiscal 2023, and expects to use these proceeds along with available cash and liquidity to fund its proposed National Instruments transaction.
In February 2023, the Company entered into a $3.5 billion five-year revolving backup credit facility with various banks, which replaced the May 2018 $3.5 billion facility. The credit facility is maintained to support general corporate purposes, including commercial paper borrowings. The Company has not incurred any borrowings under this or previous facilities. The credit facility contains no financial covenants and is not subject to termination based on a change of credit rating or material adverse changes. The facility is unsecured and may be accessed under various interest rate alternatives at the Company’s option. Fees to maintain the facility are immaterial.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and am ong other things, provides tax relief to businesses. Tax provisions of the CARES Act include the deferral of certain payroll taxes, relief for retaining employees, and other provisions. The Company deferred $73 of certain payroll taxes through the end of
31

calendar year 2020, of which approximately $37 was paid in December 2021 and the remainder paid in December 2022.
Emerson maintains a conservative financial structure to provide the strength and flexibility necessary to achieve our strategic objectives and has been successful in efficiently deploying cash where needed worldwide to fund operations, complete acquisitions and sustain long-term growth. Emerson is in a strong financial position, with total assets of $36 billion and common stockholders' equity of $11 billion, and has the resources available for reinvestment in existing businesses, strategic acquisitions and managing its capital structure on a short- and long-term basis.
FISCAL 2023 OUTLOOK
For the full year, consolidated net sales from continuing operations are expected to be up 9 to 10.5 percent, with underlying sales up 8.5 to 10 percent excluding a 1.5 percent unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation, a 2.5 percent impact from acquisitions and a 0.5 percent impact from divestitures. Earnings per share from continuing operations are expected to be $3.58 to $3.68 (which excludes any potential impact from the 45 percent common equity ownership in Climate Technologies' income or loss post-close), while adjusted earnings per share from continuing operations are expected to be $4.15 to $4.25, excluding a $0.61 per share impact from amortization of intangibles, $0.12 per share from restructuring actions, $0.08 per share from the Russia business exit, a $0.02 per share benefit from the AspenTech Micromine purchase price hedge, $0.06 per share for acquisition/divestiture costs, a $0.05 gain on the National Instruments equity investment, $0.06 per share from interest income on the Climate Technologies note receivable, and $0.17 per share of interest income on undeployed proceeds from the Climate Technologies and InSinkErator divestitures. Earnings from discontinued operations are expected to be $18 to $20 per share, including the net gains on 2023 divestitures. Operating cash flow from continuing operations is expected to be approximately $2.5 billion and free cash flow from continuing operations, which excludes projected capital spending of $300 million, is expected to be approximately $2.2 billion. The fiscal 2023 outlook includes $2 billion returned to shareholders through share repurchases completed in the first quarter and approximately $1.2 billion of dividend payments.
The Company's fiscal 2023 results from continuing operations after the Climate Technologies divestiture (assumed to close March 31, 2023 for the purposes of guidance) will reflect a 45 percent common equity ownership in the income, or loss, of Climate Technologies. Emerson will not control Climate Technologies post-closing and is therefore unable to estimate the amount of its 45 percent share of Climate Technologies' post-close results. The effect of Emerson's 45 percent share of Climate Technologies is expected to be immaterial to post-closing cash flows.
Statements in this report that are not strictly historical may be "forward-looking" statements, which involve risks and uncertainties, and Emerson undertakes no obligation to update any such statements to reflect later developments. These risks and uncertainties include the the Company's ability to successfully complete on the terms and conditions contemplated, and the financial impact of, the proposed Climate Technologies transaction and the proposed National Instruments transaction, the scope, duration and ultimate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict, as well as economic and currency conditions, market demand, including related to the pandemic and oil and gas price declines and volatility, pricing, protection of intellectual property, cybersecurity, tariffs, competitive and technological factors, inflation, among others, which are set forth in the “Risk Factors” of Part I, Item 1A, and the "Safe Harbor Statement" of Part II, Item 7, to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022 and in subsequent reports filed with the SEC, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner. This system also is designed to ensure information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company's certifying officers, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on an evaluation performed, the certifying officers have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, there can be no assurance that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures will detect or uncover all failures of persons within the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries to report material information otherwise required to be set forth in the Company's reports.
There was no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Neither the Company nor any “affiliated purchaser” repurchased any shares of Company common stock during the three-month period ended March 31, 2023. In March 2020, the Board of Directors authorized the purchase of 60 million shares and a total of approximately 33.3 shares remain available for purchase under the authorization.
Item 6. Exhibits
(a) Exhibits (Listed by numbers corresponding to the Exhibit Table of Item 601 in Regulation S-K).

10.1 |  | Credit Agreement dated February 17, 2023, incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on February 21, 2023, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10.1.
10.2 |  | Emerson Electric Co. Annual Cash Incentive Plan and Form of Acceptance of Award, incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 10-Q, filed on February 8, 2023, File No. 1-278, Exhibit 10(c).
31 |  | Certifications pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).
32 |  | Certifications pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101 |  | Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 and March 31, 2023, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
** | Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. Emerson agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request. Portions of these exhibits have been redacted in compliance with Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(10).

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | EMERSON ELECTRIC CO. |
|  | By | /s/ F. J. Dellaquila |
|  |  | Frank J. Dellaquila |
|  |  | Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  | (on behalf of the registrant and as Chief Financial Officer) |
|  |  | May 3, 2023 |

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