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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2018
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] |
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION We issue employee share-based awards under the UPS Incentive Compensation Plan, which permits the grant of non-qualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and stock units, and restricted performance shares and performance units to eligible employees (restricted stock and stock units, restricted performance shares and performance units are herein referred to as "Restricted Units"). Upon vesting, Restricted Units result in the issuance of the equivalent number of UPS class A common shares after required tax withholdings. Dividends accrued on Restricted Units are reinvested in additional Restricted Units at each dividend payable date, and are subject to the same vesting and forfeiture conditions as the underlying Restricted Units upon which they are earned. The primary compensation programs offered under the UPS Incentive Compensation Plan include the UPS Management Incentive Award program, the UPS Long-Term Incentive Performance Award program and the UPS Stock Option program. We also maintain an employee stock purchase plan which allows eligible employees to purchase shares of UPS class A common stock at a discount. Additionally, our matching contributions to the primary employee defined contribution savings plan are made in shares of UPS class A common stock. Management Incentive Award Program ("MIP") During the first quarter of 2018, we granted Restricted Units under MIP to certain eligible management employees. Restricted Units granted under MIP generally vest over a five-year period with approximately 20% of the award vesting on January 15th of each of the years following the grant date (except in the case of death or disability, in which case immediate vesting occurs). The entire grant is expensed on a straight-line basis (less estimated forfeitures) ratably over the requisite service period (except in the case of death, disability or retirement, in which case immediate expensing occurs). Based on the date that the eligible management population and performance targets were approved for MIP, we determined the award measurement date to be February 7, 2018 (for U.S.-based employees), March 1, 2018 (for management committee employees) and March 26, 2018 (for international-based employees); therefore, the Restricted Units awarded were valued for stock compensation expense purposes using the closing New York Stock Exchange price of $111.91, $106.43 and $103.70 on those dates, respectively. Long-Term Incentive Performance Award Program ("LTIP") We award Restricted Units under LTIP to certain eligible management employees. The performance targets are equally-weighted among consolidated operating return on invested capital ("ROIC"), growth in currency-constant consolidated revenue and total shareowner return ("RTSR") relative to a peer group of companies. These Restricted Units generally vest at the end of a three-year period (except in the case of death, disability or retirement, in which case immediate vesting occurs on a prorated basis). The number of Restricted Units earned will be based on the percentage achievement of the performance targets established on the grant date. For the two-thirds of the award related to ROIC and growth in currency-constant consolidated revenue, we recognize the grant date fair value of these Restricted Units (less estimated forfeitures) as compensation expense ratably over the vesting period, based on the number of awards expected to be earned. The remaining one-third of the award related to RTSR is valued using a Monte Carlo model. We recognize the grant date fair value of this portion of the award as compensation expense (less estimated forfeitures) ratably over the vesting period. Based on the date that the eligible management population and performance targets were approved for the 2018 LTIP Award, we determined the award measurement date to be May 9, 2018; therefore, the target Restricted Units awarded for the ROIC and growth in currency-constant consolidated revenue portions of the award were valued for stock compensation expense using the closing New York Stock Exchange price of $111.40 on that date. The weighted-average assumptions used and the calculated weighted-average fair values of the RTSR portion of the LTIP awards granted in 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
| 2018 |  | 2017
Risk-free interest rate | 2.61 | % |  | 1.46 | %
Expected volatility | 16.51 | % |  | 16.59 | %
Weighted-average fair value of units granted | $ | 137.53 |  |  | $ | 119.29 |
Share payout | 123.46 | % |  | 113.55 | %
There is no expected dividend yield as units earn dividend equivalents. Non-Qualified Stock Options During the first quarter of 2018, we granted non-qualified stock option awards to a limited group of eligible senior management employees under the UPS Stock Option program. Stock option awards generally vest over a five-year period with approximately 20% of the award vesting at each anniversary date of the grant (except in the case of death or disability, in which case immediate vesting occurs). The options granted will expire ten years after the date of the grant. In the first quarter of 2018, we granted 0.3 and 0.01 million stock options at a grant price of $106.43 and $104.45, respectively, which is based on the closing New York Stock Exchange price on March 1, 2018 and March 22, 2018, respectively. In the first quarter of 2017, we granted 0.3 million stock options at a grant price of $106.87, which is based on the closing New York Stock Exchange price on March 1, 2017. The fair value of each option grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted-average assumptions used and the calculated weighted-average fair values of options granted in 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
| 2018 |  | 2017
Expected dividend yield | 2.93 | % |  | 2.89 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 2.84 | % |  | 2.15 | %
Expected life (in years) | 7.5 |  |  | 7.5 |
Expected volatility | 16.72 | % |  | 17.81 | %
Weighted-average fair value of options granted | $ | 15.23 |  |  | $ | 14.70 |
Compensation expense for share-based awards recognized in "Compensation and benefits" on the statements of consolidated income for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $139 and $133 million, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2208855 + Details
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