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Table of Contents
United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D.C. 20549
_____________________________________
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022 or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-15451
_____________________________________
United Parcel Service, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 58-2480149
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (IRS Employer Identification No.)
55 Glenlake Parkway N.E. , | Atlanta, | Georgia |  | 30328
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(404) 828-6000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
____________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share |  | UPS |  | New York Stock Exchange
0.375% Senior Notes due 2023 |  | UPS23A |  | New York Stock Exchange
1.625% Senior Notes due 2025 |  | UPS25 |  | New York Stock Exchange
1% Senior Notes due 2028 |  | UPS28 |  | New York Stock Exchange
1.500% Senior Notes due 2032 |  | UPS32 |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

| Large accelerated filer | x | Accelerated filer | ☐
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
There were 135,097,238 Class A shares, and 729,820,920 Class B shares, with a par value of $0.01 per share, outstanding at October 21, 2022.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
| Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements | 1
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 2
| Consolidated Balance Sheets | 2
| Statements of Consolidated Income | 3
| Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 3
| Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows | 4
| Notes to Unaudited, Consolidated Financial Statements | 5
| Note 1—Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies | 5
| Note 2—Recent Accounting Pronouncements | 6
| Note 3—Revenue Recognition | 7
| Note 4—Stock-Based Compensation | 9
| Note 5—Cash and Investments | 11
| Note 6—Property, Plant and Equipment | 14
| Note 7—Employee Benefit Plans | 15
| Note 8—Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 18
| Note 9—Debt and Financing Arrangements | 20
| Note 10—Leases | 23
| Note 11—Legal Proceedings and Contingencies | 27
| Note 12—Shareowners’ Equity | 28
| Note 13—Segment Information | 34
| Note 14—Earnings Per Share | 35
| Note 15—Derivative Instruments and Risk Management | 36
| Note 16—Income Taxes | 42
| Note 17—Transformation Strategy Costs | 43
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 44
| Overview | 44
| Supplemental Information - Items Affecting Comparability | 46
| Results of Operations - Segment Review | 48
| U.S. Domestic Package Operations | 49
| International Package Operations | 52
| Supply Chain Solutions Operations | 55
| Consolidated Operating Expenses | 57
| Other Income and (Expense) | 60
| Income Tax Expense | 61
| Liquidity and Capital Resources | 62
| Cash Flows From Operating Activities | 62
| Cash Flows From Investing Activities | 64
| Cash Flows From Financing Activities | 65
| Sources of Credit | 66
| Contractual Commitments | 66
| Legal Proceedings and Contingencies | 66
| Collective Bargaining Agreements | 66
| Recent Accounting Pronouncements | 66
| Rate Adjustments | 67
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 68
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 69
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 70
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 70
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 71
Item 6. | Exhibits | 72

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements
This report, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission contain and in the future may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements other than those of current or historical fact, and all statements accompanied by terms such as “will,” “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “estimate,” “assume,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “target,” “plan” and similar terms, are intended to be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are made subject to the safe harbor provisions of the federal securities laws pursuant to Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
From time to time, we also include written or oral forward-looking statements in other publicly disclosed materials. Such statements may relate to our intent, belief, forecasts of, or current expectations about our strategic direction, prospects, future results, or future events; they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made. However, caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements because such statements speak only as of the date when made and the future, by its very nature, cannot be predicted with certainty.
Forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or anticipated results. These risks and uncertainties, include, but are not limited to: continued uncertainties related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and operations, financial performance and liquidity, our customers and suppliers, and on the global economy; changes in general economic conditions, in the United States ("U.S.") or internationally; significant competition on a local, regional, national and international basis; changes in our relationships with our significant customers; changes in the regulatory environment in the U.S. or internationally; increased or more complex physical or data security requirements; legal, regulatory or market responses to global climate change; results of negotiations and ratifications of labor contracts; strikes, work stoppages or slowdowns by our employees; the effects of changing prices of energy, including gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, and interruptions in supplies of these commodities; changes in exchange rates or interest rates; uncertainty from the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and transition to any other interest rate benchmark; our ability to maintain our brand image; our ability to attract and retain qualified employees; breaches in data security; disruptions to the Internet or our technology infrastructure; interruptions in or impacts on our business from natural or man-made events or disasters including terrorist attacks, epidemics or pandemics; our ability to accurately forecast our future capital investment needs; exposure to changing economic, political and social developments in international and emerging markets; changes in business strategy, government regulations, or economic or market conditions that may result in impairment of our assets; increases in our expenses or funding obligations relating to employee health, retiree health and/or pension benefits; potential additional U.S. or international tax liabilities; potential claims or litigation related to labor and employment, personal injury, property damage, business practices, environmental liability and other matters; our ability to realize the anticipated benefits from acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures or strategic alliances; our ability to realize the anticipated benefits from our transformation initiatives; cyclical and seasonal fluctuations in our operating results; our ability to manage insurance and claims expenses; and other risks described in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 and subsequently filed reports. You should consider the limitations on, and risks associated with, forward-looking statements and not unduly rely on the accuracy of predictions contained in such forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events, circumstances, changes in expectations, or the occurrence of unanticipated events after the date of those statements, except as required by law.
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Item 1. Financial Statements
UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
September 30, 2022 (unaudited) and December 31, 2021 (in millions)

| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
ASSETS |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 11,045 |  |  | $ | 10,255 |
Marketable securities | 331 |  |  | 338 |
Accounts receivable | 11,118 |  |  | 12,669 |
Less: Allowance for credit losses | (143) |  |  | (128) |
Accounts receivable, net | 10,975 |  |  | 12,541 |
Other current assets | 2,247 |  |  | 1,800 |
Total Current Assets | 24,598 |  |  | 24,934 |
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net | 33,625 |  |  | 33,475 |
Operating Lease Right-Of-Use Assets | 3,417 |  |  | 3,562 |
Goodwill | 3,624 |  |  | 3,692 |
Intangible Assets, Net | 2,439 |  |  | 2,486 |
Investments and Restricted Cash | 20 |  |  | 26 |
Deferred Income Tax Assets | 143 |  |  | 176 |
Other Non-Current Assets | 1,678 |  |  | 1,054 |
Total Assets | $ | 69,544 |  |  | $ | 69,405 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREOWNERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |
Current maturities of long-term debt, commercial paper and finance leases | $ | 2,581 |  |  | $ | 2,131 |
Current maturities of operating leases | 560 |  |  | 580 |
Accounts payable | 6,731 |  |  | 7,523 |
Accrued wages and withholdings | 3,643 |  |  | 3,819 |
Self-insurance reserves | 1,081 |  |  | 1,048 |
Accrued group welfare and retirement plan contributions | 1,006 |  |  | 1,038 |
Hedge margin liabilities | 1,031 |  |  | 260 |
Other current liabilities | 1,046 |  |  | 1,170 |
Total Current Liabilities | 17,679 |  |  | 17,569 |
Long-Term Debt and Finance Leases | 17,769 |  |  | 19,784 |
Non-Current Operating Leases | 2,960 |  |  | 3,033 |
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Obligations | 6,747 |  |  | 8,047 |
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities | 3,761 |  |  | 3,125 |
Other Non-Current Liabilities | 3,640 |  |  | 3,578 |
Shareowners’ Equity: |  |  |
Class A common stock (135 and 138 shares issued in 2022 and 2021, respectively) | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Class B common stock (730 and 732 shares issued in 2022 and 2021, respectively) | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Additional paid-in capital | — |  |  | 1,343 |
Retained earnings | 20,177 |  |  | 16,179 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (3,218) |  |  | (3,278) |
Deferred compensation obligations | 12 |  |  | 16 |
Less: Treasury stock (0.2 and 0.3 shares in 2022 and 2021, respectively) | (12) |  |  | (16) |
Total Equity for Controlling Interests | 16,968 |  |  | 14,253 |
Noncontrolling interests | 20 |  |  | 16 |
Total Shareowners’ Equity | 16,988 |  |  | 14,269 |
Total Liabilities and Shareowners’ Equity | $ | 69,544 |  |  | $ | 69,405 |

See notes to unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED INCOME
(In millions, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Revenue | $ | 24,161 |  |  | $ | 23,184 |  |  | $ | 73,305 |  |  | $ | 69,516 |
Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits | 11,506 |  |  | 11,148 |  |  | 34,480 |  |  | 33,958 |
Repairs and maintenance | 639 |  |  | 619 |  |  | 1,908 |  |  | 1,837 |
Depreciation and amortization | 774 |  |  | 738 |  |  | 2,300 |  |  | 2,199 |
Purchased transportation | 4,173 |  |  | 4,638 |  |  | 13,158 |  |  | 13,327 |
Fuel | 1,530 |  |  | 950 |  |  | 4,447 |  |  | 2,672 |
Other occupancy | 427 |  |  | 384 |  |  | 1,338 |  |  | 1,252 |
Other expenses | 1,999 |  |  | 1,811 |  |  | 5,775 |  |  | 5,352 |
Total Operating Expenses | 21,048 |  |  | 20,288 |  |  | 63,406 |  |  | 60,597 |
Operating Profit | 3,113 |  |  | 2,896 |  |  | 9,899 |  |  | 8,919 |
Other Income and (Expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment income and other | 333 |  |  | 274 |  |  | 981 |  |  | 4,235 |
Interest expense | (177) |  |  | (177) |  |  | (522) |  |  | (521) |
Total Other Income and (Expense) | 156 |  |  | 97 |  |  | 459 |  |  | 3,714 |
Income Before Income Taxes | 3,269 |  |  | 2,993 |  |  | 10,358 |  |  | 12,633 |
Income Tax Expense | 685 |  |  | 664 |  |  | 2,263 |  |  | 2,836 |
Net Income | $ | 2,584 |  |  | $ | 2,329 |  |  | $ | 8,095 |  |  | $ | 9,797 |
Basic Earnings Per Share | $ | 2.97 |  |  | $ | 2.66 |  |  | $ | 9.27 |  |  | $ | 11.21 |
Diluted Earnings Per Share | $ | 2.96 |  |  | $ | 2.65 |  |  | $ | 9.24 |  |  | $ | 11.16 |

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In millions)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net Income | $ | 2,584 |  |  | $ | 2,329 |  |  | $ | 8,095 |  |  | $ | 9,797 |
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax | (263) |  |  | (106) |  |  | (548) |  |  | (140) |
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (10) |  |  | (5) |
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges, net of tax | 281 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 558 |  |  | 180 |
Change in unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs, net of tax | 18 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 4,049 |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) | $ | 2,617 |  |  | $ | 2,364 |  |  | $ | 8,155 |  |  | $ | 13,881 |

See notes to unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
(unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 8,095 |  |  | $ | 9,797 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 2,300 |  |  | 2,199 |
Pension and postretirement benefit (income) expense | 666 |  |  | (2,656) |
Pension and postretirement benefit contributions | (2,106) |  |  | (331) |
Self-insurance reserves | 182 |  |  | 122 |
Deferred tax (benefit) expense | 466 |  |  | 1,271 |
Stock compensation expense | 850 |  |  | 700 |
Other (gains) losses | (25) |  |  | 33 |
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of business acquisitions: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 1,022 |  |  | (21) |
Other assets | (98) |  |  | 256 |
Accounts payable | (952) |  |  | 20 |
Accrued wages and withholdings | (59) |  |  | 306 |
Other liabilities | 481 |  |  | 65 |
Other operating activities | (50) |  |  | — |
Net cash from operating activities | 10,772 |  |  | 11,761 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (2,278) |  |  | (2,570) |
Proceeds from disposal of businesses, property, plant and equipment | 12 |  |  | 870 |
Purchases of marketable securities | (195) |  |  | (197) |
Sales and maturities of marketable securities | 193 |  |  | 257 |
Net change in finance receivables | 23 |  |  | 28 |
Cash paid for business acquisitions, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired | (106) |  |  | (12) |
Other investing activities | (57) |  |  | 24 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (2,408) |  |  | (1,600) |
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: |  |  |
Net change in short-term debt | — |  |  | — |
Proceeds from long-term borrowings | — |  |  | — |
Repayments of long-term borrowings | (1,124) |  |  | (2,613) |
Purchases of common stock | (2,194) |  |  | (500) |
Issuances of common stock | 198 |  |  | 196 |
Dividends | (3,842) |  |  | (2,578) |
Other financing activities | (513) |  |  | (361) |
Net cash used in financing activities | (7,475) |  |  | (5,856) |
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash | (99) |  |  | (3) |
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash | 790 |  |  | 4,302 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash: |  |  |
Beginning of period | 10,255 |  |  | 5,910 |
End of period | $ | 11,045 |  |  | $ | 10,212 |

See notes to unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying interim unaudited, consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. These interim unaudited, consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary to present fairly our financial position as of September 30, 2022, our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The results reported in these interim unaudited, consolidated financial statements should not be regarded as indicative of results that may be expected for any other period or the entire year. The interim unaudited, consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited, consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, finance receivables and accounts payable approximated fair value as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The fair values of our investment securities are disclosed in note 5, our recognized multiemployer pension withdrawal liabilities in note 7, our short- and long-term debt in note 9 and our derivative instruments in note 15. We apply a fair value hierarchy (Levels 1, 2 and 3) when measuring and reporting items at fair value. Fair values are based on listed market prices (Level 1), when such prices are available. To the extent that listed market prices are not available, fair value is determined based on other relevant factors, including dealer price quotations (Level 2). If listed market prices or other relevant factors are not available, inputs are developed from unobservable data reflecting our own assumptions and include situations where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability (Level 3). We utilized Level 1 inputs in the fair value hierarchy to determine the fair value of our cash and cash equivalents, and Level 2 inputs to determine the fair value of our accounts receivable, finance receivables and accounts payable.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the accompanying interim unaudited, consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingencies at the date of these financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Although our estimates contemplate current and expected future conditions, as applicable, it is reasonably possible that actual conditions could differ from our expectations, which could materially affect our results of operations and financial position. As a result, our accounting estimates and assumptions may change significantly over time.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 2. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
Accounting pronouncements adopted during the periods covered by the unaudited, consolidated financial statements did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. For accounting standards adopted in the period ended September 30, 2021, refer to note 1 to our audited, consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Effective
In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") to enhance the disclosure of supplier finance programs. The update will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2023. We are evaluating the impact of its adoption on our consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting environment, but do not expect this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows or internal controls.
Other accounting pronouncements issued before, but not effective until after, September 30, 2022, are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows or internal controls.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3. REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue Recognition
Substantially all of our revenues are from contracts associated with the pickup, transportation and delivery of packages and freight (“transportation services”) domestically or internationally. These services may be carried out by or arranged by us, and generally occur over a short period of time. We also provide value-added logistics services to customers, both domestically and internationally, through our global network of distribution centers and field stocking locations.
The majority of our contracts with customers for transportation services include only one performance obligation: the transportation services themselves. We generally recognize revenue over time as we perform the services in the contract because of the continuous transfer of control to the customer. Our remaining performance obligations are primarily comprised of transportation services started but not completed as of the reporting date and we expect to complete these remaining performance obligations within a short period of time. All of our major businesses act as a principal in their revenue arrangements and as such, we report revenue and the associated purchased transportation costs on a gross basis within our statements of consolidated income.
Disaggregation of Revenue

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Next Day Air | $ | 2,673 |  |  | $ | 2,415 |  |  | $ | 7,923 |  |  | $ | 7,202 |
Deferred | 1,311 |  |  | 1,304 |  |  | 4,123 |  |  | 3,877 |
Ground | 11,390 |  |  | 10,489 |  |  | 33,911 |  |  | 31,541 |
U.S. Domestic Package | 15,374 |  |  | 14,208 |  |  | 45,957 |  |  | 42,620 |
Domestic | 785 |  |  | 852 |  |  | 2,465 |  |  | 2,716 |
Export | 3,747 |  |  | 3,641 |  |  | 11,501 |  |  | 10,808 |
Cargo & Other | 267 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 782 |  |  | 620 |
International Package | 4,799 |  |  | 4,720 |  |  | 14,748 |  |  | 14,144 |
Forwarding | 2,162 |  |  | 2,625 |  |  | 7,140 |  |  | 7,006 |
Logistics | 1,302 |  |  | 1,158 |  |  | 3,843 |  |  | 3,424 |
Freight | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,064 |
Other | 524 |  |  | 473 |  |  | 1,617 |  |  | 1,258 |
Supply Chain Solutions | 3,988 |  |  | 4,256 |  |  | 12,600 |  |  | 12,752 |
Consolidated revenue | $ | 24,161 |  |  | $ | 23,184 |  |  | $ | 73,305 |  |  | $ | 69,516 |

Contract Assets and Liabilities
Contract assets include billed and unbilled amounts resulting from in-transit packages, as we have an unconditional right to payment only once all performance obligations have been completed (i.e. packages have been delivered) and our right to payment is not solely based on the passage of time. Amounts may not exceed their net realizable value. Contract assets are generally classified as current and the full balance is converted each quarter based on the short-term nature of the transactions.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue as well as deferred revenue. Advance payments and billings in excess of revenue represent payments received from our customers that will be earned over the contract term. Deferred revenue represents the amount of consideration due from customers related to in-transit shipments that has not yet been recognized as revenue based on our selected measure of progress. We classify advance payments and billings in excess of revenue as either current or long-term, depending on the period over which the advance payment will be earned. We classify deferred revenue as current based on the timing of when we expect to recognize revenue, which typically occurs within a short window after period-end. The full balance of deferred revenue is converted each quarter based on the short-term nature of the transactions. Our contract assets and liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. In order to determine revenue recognized in the period from contract liabilities, we first allocate revenue to the individual contract liability balance outstanding at the beginning of the period until the revenue exceeds that deferred revenue balance.
Contract assets related to in-transit packages were $328 and $304 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, net of deferred revenue related to in-transit packages of $346 and $314 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and are included within Other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Short-term contract liabilities related to advance payments from customers were $10 and $27 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and are included within Other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Long-term contract liabilities related to advance payments from customers were $26 and $25 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and are included within Other Non-Current Liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable, net, include amounts billed and currently due from customers. The amounts due are stated at their net estimated realizable value. Losses on accounts receivable are recognized when reasonable and supportable forecasts affect the expected collectability. This requires us to make our best estimate of the current expected losses inherent in our accounts receivable at each balance sheet date. This estimate requires consideration of historical loss experience, adjusted for current conditions, forward looking indicators, trends in customer payment frequency and judgments about the probable effects of relevant observable data, including present and future economic conditions and the financial health of specific customers and market sectors. Our risk management process includes standards and policies for reviewing major account exposures and concentrations of risk.
Our allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $143 and $128 million, respectively. Amounts for credit losses charged to expense, before recoveries, during each of the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were $48 million and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, were $154 and $128 million, respectively.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 4. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
We issue share-based awards under various incentive compensation plans, including non-qualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and stock units ("RSUs") and restricted performance shares and performance units ("RPUs", collectively with RSUs, "Restricted Units"). Upon vesting, Restricted Units result in the issuance of the equivalent number of UPS class A common shares after required tax withholdings. Dividends accrued on Restricted Units are reinvested in additional Restricted Units at each dividend payable date and are subject to the same vesting and forfeiture conditions as the underlying Restricted Units.
Our primary equity compensation programs are the UPS Management Incentive Program (the "MIP"), the UPS Long-Term Incentive Performance Program (the "LTIP") and the UPS Stock Option program. We also maintain an employee stock purchase plan which allows eligible employees to purchase shares of UPS class A common stock at a discount. Our matching contributions to our primary employee defined contribution savings plan are made in shares of UPS class A common stock.
Management Incentive Program
RPUs issued under the MIP vest one year following the grant date based on continued employment with the Company and are expensed on a straight-line basis (less estimated forfeitures) over the requisite service period. In cases of death, disability or retirement, RPUs vest and are expensed immediately.
Based on the date of Compensation Committee approval of the 2021 MIP, we determined the award measurement dates to be February 9, 2022 (for U.S.-based employees and executive management) and March 21, 2022 (for international employees). Each RPU issued under the MIP was valued using the closing New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") prices of $225.07 and $218.56 on those dates.
Long-Term Incentive Performance Program
RPUs issued under the LTIP vest at the end of a three-year performance period, assuming continued employment with the Company (except in the case of death, disability or retirement, in which case immediate vesting occurs on a prorated basis). The actual number of RPUs earned is based on achievement of the performance targets established on the grant date.
The performance targets are equally weighted between adjusted earnings per share and adjusted cumulative free cash flow. The actual number of RPUs earned is subject to adjustment based on total shareholder return relative to the Standard & Poor's 500 Index ("S&P 500"). We determine the grant date fair value of the RPUs using a Monte Carlo model and recognize compensation expense (less estimated forfeitures) ratably over the vesting period, based on the number of awards expected to be earned.
Based on the date of Compensation Committee approval of the 2022 LTIP award performance targets, we determined March 23, 2022 to be the award measurement date and each target RPU awarded was valued at $230.67.
The weighted-average assumptions used and the weighted-average fair values of the LTIP awards granted in 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

| 2022 |  | 2021 |
Risk-free interest rate | 2.33 | % |  | 0.19 | % |
Expected volatility | 31.91 | % |  | 30.70 | % |
Weighted-average fair value of RPUs granted | $ | 228.72 |  |  | $ | 168.05 |  |
Share payout | 107.41 | % |  | 102.39 | % |

There is no expected dividend yield as units earn dividend equivalents.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Non-Qualified Stock Options
We grant non-qualified stock options to a limited group of eligible senior management employees under the UPS Stock Option program. Stock option awards vest over a five-year period with approximately 20% of the award vesting at each anniversary of the grant date (except in the case of death, disability or retirement, in which case immediate vesting occurs). The option grants expire 10 years after the date of the grant. On March 23, 2022, we granted 0.1 million stock options at an exercise price of $214.58, the NYSE closing price on that date.
The fair value of each option granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted-average assumptions used and the weighted-average fair values of options granted in 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

| 2022 |  | 2021
Expected dividend yield | 2.35 | % |  | 3.31 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 2.39 | % |  | 0.84 | %
Expected life (in years) | 7.5 |  | 7.5
Expected volatility | 25.04 | % |  | 23.15 | %
Weighted-average fair value of options granted | $ | 48.45 |  |  | $ | 23.71 |

Pre-tax compensation expense for share-based awards recognized in Compensation and benefits in the statements of consolidated income for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $233 and $179 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $850 and $700 million, respectively.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 5. CASH AND INVESTMENTS
The following is a summary of marketable securities classified as trading and available-for-sale as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in millions):

| Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
September 30, 2022: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current trading marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |
Total trading marketable securities | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Current available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency debt securities | 222 |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |  | 214 |
Mortgage and asset-backed debt securities | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Corporate debt securities | 105 |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | 101 |
U.S. state and local municipal debt securities | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Non-U.S. government debt securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total available-for-sale marketable securities | 341 |  |  | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | 329 |
Total current marketable securities | $ | 343 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | 331 |
| Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
December 31, 2021: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current trading marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |
Total trading marketable securities | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Current available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency debt securities | 199 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 200 |
Mortgage and asset-backed debt securities | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Corporate debt securities | 121 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 121 |
U.S. state and local municipal debt securities | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Non-U.S. government debt securities | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Total available-for-sale marketable securities | 335 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 336 |
Total current marketable securities | $ | 337 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 338 |

Investment Impairments
We have concluded that no material impairment losses existed as of September 30, 2022. In making this determination, we considered the financial condition and prospects of each issuer, the magnitude of the losses compared with the cost, the probability that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the security, the credit rating of the security and our ability and intent to hold these investments until the anticipated recovery in market value occurs.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Maturity Information
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of marketable securities as of September 30, 2022 by contractual maturity are shown below (in millions). Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

| Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 15 |
Due after one year through three years | 325 |  |  | 314 |
Due after three years through five years | — |  |  | — |
Due after five years | — |  |  | — |
| 341 |  |  | 329 |
Equity securities | 2 |  |  | 2 |
| $ | 343 |  |  | $ | 331 |

Non-Current Investments and Restricted Cash
We hold an investment in a variable life insurance policy to fund benefits for the UPS Excess Coordinating Benefit Plan. The investment had a fair market value of $18 and $23 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Changes in fair value are recognized in Investment income and other in the statements of consolidated income. Additionally, we held cash in escrow of $2 and $3 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, related to the acquisition and disposition of certain assets. These amounts are classified as Investments and Restricted Cash in the consolidated balance sheets.
A reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash from the consolidated balance sheets to the statements of consolidated cash flows is shown below (in millions):

|  | September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | September 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 11,045 |  |  | $ | 10,255 |  |  | $ | 10,212 |  |  | $ | 5,910 |
Restricted cash |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | $ | 11,045 |  |  | $ | 10,255 |  |  | $ | 10,212 |  |  | $ | 5,910 |

Fair Value Measurements
Marketable securities valued utilizing Level 1 inputs include active exchange-traded equity securities and equity index funds, and most U.S. government debt securities, as these securities all have quoted prices in active markets. Marketable securities valued utilizing Level 2 inputs include asset-backed securities, corporate bonds and municipal bonds. These securities are valued using market corroborated pricing, matrix pricing or other models that utilize observable inputs such as yield curves.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table presents information about our investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value (in millions):

| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Balance
September 30, 2022: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency debt securities | $ | 214 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 214 |
Mortgage and asset-backed debt securities | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 101 |  |  | — |  |  | 101 |
U.S. state and local municipal debt securities | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Equity securities | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Non-U.S. government debt securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total marketable securities | 214 |  |  | 117 |  |  | — |  |  | 331 |
Other non-current investments | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |
Total | $ | 232 |  |  | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 349 |

December 31, 2021: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency debt securities | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 200 |
Mortgage and asset-backed debt securities | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 121 |  |  | — |  |  | 121 |
U.S. state and local municipal debt securities | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Equity securities | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Non-U.S. government debt securities | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Total marketable securities | 200 |  |  | 138 |  |  | — |  |  | 338 |
Other non-current investments | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |
Total | $ | 223 |  |  | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 361 |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 6. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following (in millions):

| 2022 |  | 2021
Vehicles | $ | 10,284 |  |  | $ | 10,018 |
Aircraft | 22,569 |  |  | 21,973 |
Land | 2,093 |  |  | 2,140 |
Buildings | 5,793 |  |  | 5,802 |
Building and leasehold improvements | 5,022 |  |  | 5,010 |
Plant equipment | 15,849 |  |  | 15,650 |
Technology equipment | 2,887 |  |  | 2,798 |
Construction-in-progress | 1,651 |  |  | 1,418 |
| 66,148 |  |  | 64,809 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (32,523) |  |  | (31,334) |
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net | $ | 33,625 |  |  | $ | 33,475 |

Property, plant and equipment purchased on account was $601 and $248 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
We continually monitor our aircraft fleet utilization in light of current and projected volume levels, aviation fuel prices and other factors. We monitor all other property, plant and equipment for any indicators that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. There were no material impairment charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, or for the three months ended September 30, 2021. We recorded impairment charges of $30 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, due to the reevaluation of certain facility projects.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 7. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Company-Sponsored Benefit Plans
Information about the net periodic benefit cost (income) for our company-sponsored pension and postretirement benefit plans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in millions):

| U.S. Pension Benefits |  | U.S. Postretirement Medical Benefits |  | International Pension Benefits
2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Three Months Ended September 30: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 506 |  |  | $ | 442 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 19 |
Interest cost | 488 |  |  | 490 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 9 |
Expected return on assets | (820) |  |  | (825) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (19) |  |  | (17) |
Amortization of prior service cost | 23 |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 11 |
| U.S. Pension Benefits |  | U.S. Postretirement Medical Benefits |  | International Pension Benefits
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Nine Months Ended September 30: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 1,518 |  |  | $ | 1,456 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 57 |
Interest cost | 1,463 |  |  | 1,459 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 29 |
Expected return on assets | (2,460) |  |  | (2,502) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (59) |  |  | (51) |
Amortization of prior service cost | 69 |  |  | 103 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Actuarial (gain) loss | — |  |  | (3,290) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Settlement and curtailment (gain) loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (33) |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit (income) cost | $ | 590 |  |  | $ | (2,774) |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | 36 |

The components of net periodic benefit cost (income) other than current service cost are presented within Investment income and other in the statements of consolidated income.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we amended the UPS Canada Ltd. Retirement Plan to cease future benefit accruals effective December 31, 2023. We remeasured plan assets and benefit obligations for this plan, which resulted in a curtailment gain of $33 million ($24 million after tax) during the nine month period. The gain is included in Investment income and other in the statement of consolidated income.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we divested our UPS Freight business, which triggered an interim remeasurement of the plan assets and benefit obligations of the UPS Pension Plan, UPS Retirement Plan and UPS Retired Employee Health Care Plan as of this date. The interim remeasurement resulted in an actuarial gain of $2.1 billion, reflecting updated actuarial assumptions and was recorded in other comprehensive income within the equity section of the consolidated balance sheet. An actuarial gain of $69 million ($52 million after tax) for a prior service credit related to the divested group and a $66 million loss ($50 million after tax) for certain plan amendments to the UPS Pension Plan were immediately recognized within Other expenses in the statement of consolidated income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we remeasured the UPS/IBT Full Time Employee Pension Plan following the enactment into law of the American Rescue Plan Act, which is discussed below. The interim remeasurement resulted in a pre-tax mark-to-market gain of $3.3 billion ($2.5 billion after tax) during the nine month period. The gain was included within Investment income and other in the statement of consolidated income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Contributions to our company-sponsored pension and U.S. postretirement medical benefit plans for the first nine months of 2022 were $1.972 billion and $134 million, respectively. We expect to contribute approximately $43 and $144 million over the remainder of the year to our pension and U.S. postretirement medical benefit plans, respectively.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Multiemployer Benefit Plans
We contribute to a number of multiemployer defined benefit and health and welfare plans under the terms of collective bargaining agreements that cover our union-represented employees. Our current collective bargaining agreements set forth the annual contribution increases allotted to the plans that we participate in, and we are in compliance with these contribution rates. These limitations on annual contribution rates will remain in effect throughout the terms of the existing collective bargaining agreements.
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had $824 and $830 million, respectively, recorded in Other Non-Current Liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets and $8 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 recorded in Other current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets associated with our previous withdrawal from the New England Teamsters and Trucking Industry Pension Fund. This liability is payable in equal monthly installments over a remaining term of approximately 40 years. Based on the borrowing rates currently available to us for long-term financing of a similar maturity, the fair value of this withdrawal liability as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $668 and $963 million, respectively. We utilized Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy of valuation techniques to determine the fair value of this liability.
UPS was a contributing employer to the Central States Pension Fund (“CSPF”) until 2007 at which time UPS withdrew from the CSPF and paid a $6.1 billion withdrawal liability to satisfy our allocable share of unfunded vested benefits. Under a collective bargaining agreement with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (“IBT”), UPS agreed to provide coordinating benefits in the UPS/IBT Full Time Employee Pension Plan (“UPS/IBT Plan”) for UPS participants whose last employer was UPS and who had not retired as of January 1, 2008 (“the UPS Transfer Group”) in the event that benefits are lawfully reduced by the CSPF in the future consistent with the terms of our withdrawal agreement with the CSPF. Under this withdrawal agreement, benefits to the UPS Transfer Group cannot be reduced without our consent and can only be reduced in accordance with applicable law. The financial crisis of 2008 created extensive asset losses at the CSPF, contributing to the plan’s projected insolvency, at which time benefits would be reduced to the legally permitted Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation ("PBGC") limits, triggering the coordination of benefits provision in the collective bargaining agreement.
In 2014, Congress passed the Multiemployer Pension Reform Act (“MPRA”). This change in law for the first time permitted multiemployer pension plans to reduce benefit payments to retirees, subject to specific guidelines in the statute and government approval. In 2015, the CSPF submitted a proposed pension benefit reduction plan to the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”). In 2016, Treasury rejected the proposed plan submitted by the CSPF. In light of its financial difficulties, the CSPF had stated that it believed a legislative solution to its funded status would be necessary or that it would become insolvent in 2025, at which time benefits would be reduced to the applicable PBGC benefit levels.
We account for the potential obligation to pay coordinating benefits to the UPS Transfer Group under ASC 715, which requires us to provide a best estimate of various actuarial assumptions, including the eventual outcome of this matter, in measuring our pension benefit obligation at the December 31st measurement date and at interim periods when a significant event occurs. ASC 715 does not permit anticipation of changes in law when developing a best estimate.
At the December 31, 2020 measurement date, we developed our best estimate for the potential obligation to pay coordinating benefits to the UPS Transfer Group using a deterministic cash flow projection that reflected estimated CSPF cash flows and investment earnings, the lack of legislative action having been taken, the expectation of payment of guaranteed benefits by the PBGC and the lack of a benefit reduction plan under MPRA having been filed by the CSPF. As a result, our best estimate at that time of the obligation for coordinating benefits that may have been required to be directly provided by the UPS/IBT Plan to the UPS Transfer Group was $5.5 billion.
In March 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act (“ARPA”) was enacted into law. The ARPA contains provisions that allow for qualifying financially distressed multiemployer pension plans to apply for special financial assistance ("SFA") from the PBGC, which will be funded by Treasury. Following approval of an application, a qualifying multiemployer pension plan will receive a lump sum payment to enable it to continue paying unreduced benefits through 2051. The multiemployer plan is not obligated to repay the SFA. The ARPA is intended to prevent both the PBGC and certain financially distressed multiemployer pension plans, including the CSPF, from becoming insolvent through 2051. The CSPF has submitted an application for SFA to the PBGC. The application remains under review.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The passage of the ARPA and the expected receipt of SFA by the CSPF suspends our obligation to provide additional coordinating benefits to the UPS Transfer Group through 2051. These matters also triggered a plan remeasurement under ASC 715. Accordingly, we remeasured the plan assets and pension benefit obligation of the UPS/IBT Plan as of March 31, 2021 resulting in an actuarial gain of $6.4 billion, reflecting a reduction of the liability for coordinating benefits of $5.1 billion and a gain from other updated actuarial assumptions of $1.3 billion.
The future value of this estimate will continue to be influenced by a number of factors, including interpretations of the ARPA, future legislative actions, actuarial assumptions and the ability of the PBGC to sustain its commitments. Actual events may result in a change in our best estimate of the projected benefit obligation. We will continue to assess the impact of these uncertainties in accordance with ASC 715.
Collective Bargaining Agreements
We have approximately 327,000 employees employed under a national master agreement and various supplemental agreements with local unions affiliated with the IBT. These agreements run through July 31, 2023. We have approximately 3,200 pilots who are employed under a collective bargaining agreement with the Independent Pilots Association ("IPA") that becomes amendable September 1, 2023. In the second quarter of 2022, we reached a tentative agreement on a two-year contract extension with the IPA. On August 12, 2022, the IPA ratified the two-year contract extension. Terms of the agreement become effective September 1, 2023 and continue in effect through September 1, 2025. The economic provisions in the agreement include pay increases and enhanced pension benefits on substantially similar terms.
We have approximately 1,700 airline mechanics who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement with Teamsters Local 2727. On October 17, 2022, the mechanics ratified a contract extension that will make the contract amendable on November 1, 2026. The provisions in the extension agreement include pay increases, with most other terms unchanged. Approximately 3,300 of our auto and maintenance mechanics who are not employed under agreements with the IBT are employed under collective bargaining agreements with the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (“IAM”). The collective bargaining agreement with the IAM runs through July 31, 2024.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following table indicates the allocation of goodwill as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in millions):

| U.S. Domestic Package |  | International Package |  | Supply Chain Solutions |  | Consolidated
December 31, 2021: | $ | 847 |  |  | $ | 403 |  |  | $ | 2,442 |  |  | $ | 3,692 |
Acquired | — |  |  | — |  |  | 64 |  |  | 64 |
Currency / Other | — |  |  | (32) |  |  | (100) |  |  | (132) |
September 30, 2022: | $ | 847 |  |  | $ | 371 |  |  | $ | 2,406 |  |  | $ | 3,624 |

The goodwill balances for both International Package and Supply Chain Solutions decreased due to the impact of changes in the value of the U.S. Dollar on the translation of non-U.S. Dollar goodwill balances. In May 2022, we acquired Delivery Solutions, a digital platform that optimizes customer deliveries across multiple networks. The acquisition was funded with cash from operations and was not material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations. The goodwill associated with the acquisition is included within Supply Chain Solutions.
We test goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually at July 1st and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that it is more likely than not that the carrying amount may be impaired. Our annual impairment testing indicated that the fair value of goodwill associated with our recently-acquired Roadie reporting unit remained greater than its carrying value as of our July 1st testing date, although this excess was less than 10 percent.
The following is a summary of intangible assets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in millions):

| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Value
September 30, 2022: |  |  |  |  |
Capitalized software | $ | 5,068 |  |  | $ | (3,427) |  |  | $ | 1,641 |
Licenses | 49 |  |  | (26) |  |  | 23 |
Franchise rights | 141 |  |  | (37) |  |  | 104 |
Customer relationships | 704 |  |  | (444) |  |  | 260 |
Trade name | 67 |  |  | (7) |  |  | 60 |
Trademarks, patents and other | 169 |  |  | (22) |  |  | 147 |
Amortizable intangible assets | $ | 6,198 |  |  | $ | (3,963) |  |  | $ | 2,235 |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets | 204 |  |  | — |  |  | 204 |
Total Intangible Assets, Net | $ | 6,402 |  |  | $ | (3,963) |  |  | $ | 2,439 |
December 31, 2021: |  |  |  |  |
Capitalized software | $ | 4,910 |  |  | $ | (3,275) |  |  | $ | 1,635 |
Licenses | 58 |  |  | (27) |  |  | 31 |
Franchise rights | 119 |  |  | (37) |  |  | 82 |
Customer relationships | 733 |  |  | (408) |  |  | 325 |
Trade name | 67 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 66 |
Trademarks, patents and other | 158 |  |  | (15) |  |  | 143 |
Amortizable intangible assets | $ | 6,045 |  |  | $ | (3,763) |  |  | $ | 2,282 |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets | 204 |  |  | — |  |  | 204 |
Total Intangible Assets, Net | $ | 6,249 |  |  | $ | (3,763) |  |  | $ | 2,486 |

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had a trade name with a carrying value of $200 million and licenses with a current carrying value of $4 million, which are deemed to be indefinite-lived intangible assets and are included in the table above. There were no events or changes in circumstances during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 that would indicate the carrying amount of our indefinite-lived intangible assets may be impaired as of the date of this report.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Impairment tests for finite-lived intangible assets are performed when a triggering event occurs that may indicate that the carrying value of the intangible asset may not be recoverable. There were no impairment charges for finite-lived intangible assets during the three months ended September 30, 2022 or 2021. There were no impairment charges for finite-lived intangible assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. We recorded $7 million in impairment charges on finite-lived intangible assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 9. DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
The carrying value of our outstanding debt obligations as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consists of the following (in millions):

| Principal Amount |  |  |  | Carrying Value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Maturity |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-rate senior notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.450% senior notes | 1,000 |  |  | 2022 |  | 1,000 |  |  | 1,010 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.350% senior notes | — |  |  | 2022 |  | — |  |  | 600 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.500% senior notes | 1,000 |  |  | 2023 |  | 999 |  |  | 998 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.800% senior notes | 500 |  |  | 2024 |  | 499 |  |  | 498 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.200% senior notes | 400 |  |  | 2024 |  | 399 |  |  | 399 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.900% senior notes | 1,000 |  |  | 2025 |  | 997 |  |  | 996 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.400% senior notes | 500 |  |  | 2026 |  | 499 |  |  | 498 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.050% senior notes | 1,000 |  |  | 2027 |  | 995 |  |  | 994 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.400% senior notes | 750 |  |  | 2029 |  | 746 |  |  | 746 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.500% senior notes | 400 |  |  | 2029 |  | 397 |  |  | 397 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
4.450% senior notes | 750 |  |  | 2030 |  | 744 |  |  | 744 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
6.200% senior notes | 1,500 |  |  | 2038 |  | 1,484 |  |  | 1,484 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
5.200% senior notes | 500 |  |  | 2040 |  | 494 |  |  | 494 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
4.875% senior notes | 500 |  |  | 2040 |  | 491 |  |  | 491 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.625% senior notes | 375 |  |  | 2042 |  | 369 |  |  | 368 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.400% senior notes | 500 |  |  | 2046 |  | 492 |  |  | 492 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.750% senior notes | 1,150 |  |  | 2047 |  | 1,137 |  |  | 1,137 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
4.250% senior notes | 750 |  |  | 2049 |  | 743 |  |  | 743 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.400% senior notes | 700 |  |  | 2049 |  | 688 |  |  | 688 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
5.300% senior notes | 1,250 |  |  | 2050 |  | 1,231 |  |  | 1,231 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating-rate senior notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating-rate senior notes | — |  |  | 2022 |  | — |  |  | 400 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating-rate senior notes | 500 |  |  | 2023 |  | 500 |  |  | 500 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating-rate senior notes | 1,039 |  |  | 2049-2067 |  | 1,027 |  |  | 1,027 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debentures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
7.620% debentures | 276 |  |  | 2030 |  | 280 |  |  | 280 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pound Sterling notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
5.500% notes | 74 |  |  | 2031 |  | 73 |  |  | 89 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
5.125% notes | 504 |  |  | 2050 |  | 479 |  |  | 583 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Euro senior notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
0.375% senior notes | 684 |  |  | 2023 |  | 683 |  |  | 791 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1.625% senior notes | 684 |  |  | 2025 |  | 682 |  |  | 791 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1.000% senior notes | 488 |  |  | 2028 |  | 486 |  |  | 564 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1.500% senior notes | 488 |  |  | 2032 |  | 486 |  |  | 564 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canadian senior notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.125% senior notes | 547 |  |  | 2024 |  | 547 |  |  | 585 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance lease obligations | 379 |  |  | 2022-2046 |  | 379 |  |  | 408 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Facility notes and bonds | 320 |  |  | 2029-2045 |  | 320 |  |  | 320 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other debt | 4 |  |  | 2022-2025 |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total debt | $ | 20,512 |  |  |  |  | 20,350 |  |  | 21,915 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: current maturities |  |  |  |  | (2,581) |  |  | (2,131) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,769 |  |  | $ | 19,784 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Commercial Paper
We are authorized to borrow up to $10.0 billion under a U.S. commercial paper program and €5.0 billion (in a variety of currencies) under a European commercial paper program. As of September 30, 2022, we had no outstanding balances under our commercial paper programs.
Debt Classification
We have classified certain floating-rate senior notes that are redeemable at the option of the note holder as long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets, due to our intent and ability to refinance the debt if the put option is exercised.
Debt Repayments
During the second quarter, our 2.350% senior notes with a principal balance of $600 million and our floating rate senior notes with a principal balance of $400 million matured and were repaid in full.
On October 3, 2022, our 2.450% senior notes with a principal balance of $1.0 billion matured and were repaid in full.
Reference Rate Reform
Our floating-rate senior notes with maturities ranging from 2049 through 2067 bear interest at rates that reference the London Interbank Offer Rate ("LIBOR") for U.S. Dollars. As part of a broader program of reference rate reform, it is expected that U.S. Dollar LIBOR rates will cease to be published after June 2023. We are currently working to transition these notes to an alternative reference rate, and we anticipate that the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") will be adopted in accordance with recommendations of the Alternative Reference Rates Committee.
Sources of Credit
We maintain two credit agreements with a consortium of banks. The first of these agreements provides revolving credit facilities of $1.0 billion, and expires on December 6, 2022. Amounts outstanding under this agreement bear interest at a periodic fixed rate equal to the term SOFR rate, plus 0.10% per annum and an applicable margin based on our then-current credit rating. The applicable margin from the credit pricing grid as of September 30, 2022 was 0.875%. Alternatively, a fluctuating rate of interest equal to the highest of (1) the rate of interest last quoted by The Wall Street Journal as the prime rate in the United States; (2) the Federal Funds effective rate plus 0.50%; or (3) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%, may be used at our discretion. We expect to renew this credit agreement in the fourth quarter of 2022 on substantially similar terms.
The second agreement provides revolving credit facilities of $2.0 billion, and expires on December 7, 2026. Amounts outstanding under this facility bear interest at a periodic fixed rate equal to the term SOFR rate plus 0.10% per annum and an applicable margin based on our then-current credit rating. The applicable margin from the credit pricing grid as of September 30, 2022 was 0.875%. Alternatively, a fluctuating rate of interest equal to the highest of (1) the rate of interest last quoted by The Wall Street Journal as the prime rate in the United States; (2) the Federal Funds effective rate plus 0.50%; or (3) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin, may be used at our discretion.
If the credit ratings established by Standard & Poor's and Moody's differ, the higher rating will be used, except in cases where the lower rating is two or more levels lower. In these circumstances, the rating one step below the higher rating will be used. We are also able to request advances under these facilities based on competitive bids for the applicable interest rate. There were no amounts outstanding under these facilities as of September 30, 2022.
Debt Covenants
Our existing debt instruments and credit facilities subject us to certain financial covenants. As of September 30, 2022, and for all prior periods presented, we have satisfied these financial covenants. These covenants limit the amount of secured indebtedness that we may incur, and limit the amount of attributable debt in sale-leaseback transactions, to 10% of net tangible assets. As of September 30, 2022, 10% of net tangible assets was equivalent to $4.6 billion and we had no covered sale-leaseback transactions or secured indebtedness outstanding. We do not expect these covenants to have a material impact on our financial condition or liquidity.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Fair Value of Debt
Based on the borrowing rates currently available to us for long-term debt with similar terms and maturities, the fair value of long-term debt, including current maturities, was approximately $18.9 and $25.1 billion as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. We utilized Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy of valuation techniques to determine the fair value of all of our debt instruments.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 10. LEASES
We have finance and operating leases for real estate, aircraft and engines, information technology equipment (primarily mainframes, servers and copiers), vehicles and various other equipment used in operating our business. Certain leases for real estate and aircraft contain options to purchase, extend or terminate the lease.
We recognize a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and lease obligation for all leases greater than twelve months. Some of our leases contain both lease and non-lease components, which we have elected to treat as a single lease component. We have also elected not to recognize leases that have an original lease term, including reasonably certain renewal or purchase options, of twelve months or less in our consolidated balance sheets for all classes of underlying assets. Lease costs for short-term leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Determining the lease term and amount of lease payments to include in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease obligation for leases containing options requires the use of judgment to determine whether the exercise of an option is reasonably certain and whether the optional period and payments should be included in the calculation of the associated ROU asset and lease obligation. In making this determination, we consider all relevant economic factors that would compel us to exercise or not exercise an option.
When our leases contain future payments that are dependent on an index or rate, such as the consumer price index, we initially measure the lease obligation and ROU asset using the index or rate at the commencement date. In subsequent periods, lease payments dependent on an index or rate are not remeasured. Rather, changes to payments due to a change in an index or rate are recognized in our statements of consolidated income in the period of the change.
When available, we use the rate implicit in the lease to discount lease payments; however, the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable for substantially all of our leases. For these leases, we use an estimate of our incremental borrowing rate to discount lease payments based on information available at lease commencement. The incremental borrowing rate is derived using multiple inputs including our credit rating, the impact of full collateralization, lease term and denominated currency. Our remaining lease terms vary from 1 month to 138 years.
Aircraft
In addition to the aircraft that we own, we have leases for 310 aircraft. Of these leased aircraft, 17 are classified as finance leases, 18 are classified as operating leases and the remaining 275 are classified as short-term leases. A majority of the obligations associated with the aircraft classified as finance leases have been legally defeased. A majority of our long-term aircraft operating leases are operated by a third party to handle package and cargo volume in geographic regions where, due to government regulations, we are restricted from operating an airline.
In order to meet customers' needs, we charter aircraft to handle package and cargo volume on certain international trade lanes and domestic routes. Due to the nature of these agreements, primarily being that either party can cancel the agreement with short notice, we have classified these as short-term leases. Additionally, the lease payments associated with these charter agreements are variable in nature based on the number of hours flown.
Real Estate
We have operating and finance leases for package centers, airport facilities, warehouses, office space and expansion facilities utilized during peak shipping periods. Many of our leases contain charges for common area maintenance or other expenses that are updated based on landlord estimates. Due to this variability, the cash flows associated with these charges are not included in the minimum lease payments used in determining the ROU asset and associated lease obligation.
Some of our real estate leases contain options to renew or extend the lease or terminate the lease before the expiration date. These options are factored into the determination of the lease term and lease payments when their exercise is considered to be reasonably certain.
We also enter into real estate leases that contain lease incentives, such as tenant improvement allowances or move-in allowances, that are received or receivable at lease commencement. These incentives reduce lease payments for classification purposes and reduce the initial ROU asset. When lease incentives are receivable at lease commencement, these also reduce the initial lease obligation.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
From time to time, we enter into leases with the intention of purchasing the underlying property, either through purchase options with a fixed price or a purchase agreement negotiated contemporaneously with the lease agreement. We classify these leases as finance leases and include the purchase date and purchase price in the determination of the lease term and lease payments, respectively, when the option to exercise or purchase is reasonably certain.
Transportation equipment and other equipment
We enter into both long-term and short-term leases for transportation equipment to supplement our capacity or meet contractual demands. Some of these assets are leased on a month-to-month basis and the leases can be terminated without penalty. The lease term for these types of leases is determined by the length of the underlying customer contract or based on the judgment of the business unit. We also enter into multi-year leases for trailers to increase capacity during periods of high demand, which are typically only used for 90-120 days during the year. These leases are treated as short-term as the cumulative right of use is less than 12 months over the term of the contract.
The remainder of our leases are primarily related to equipment used in our air operations, vehicles required to meet capacity needs during periods of higher demand for our shipping services, technology equipment and office equipment used in our facilities.
Some of our transportation and technology equipment leases require us to make additional lease payments based on the underlying usage of the assets. Due to the variable nature of these costs, these are expensed as incurred and are not included in the ROU asset and associated lease obligation.
The components of lease expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in millions):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Operating lease costs | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 183 |  |  | $ | 546 |  |  | $ | 537 |
Finance lease costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of assets | 28 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 70 |
Interest on lease liabilities | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 11 |
Total finance lease costs | 31 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 81 |
Variable lease costs | 62 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 194 |  |  | 178 |
Short-term lease costs | 319 |  |  | 305 |  |  | 944 |  |  | 835 |
Total lease costs | $ | 591 |  |  | $ | 567 |  |  | $ | 1,778 |  |  | $ | 1,631 |

In addition to the lease costs disclosed in the table above, we monitor all lease categories for any indicators that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. There were no material impairments recognized during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2022 or 2021.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Supplemental information related to leases and location within our consolidated balance sheets is as follows (in millions, except lease term and discount rate):

| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Operating Leases: |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 3,417 |  |  | $ | 3,562 |
Current maturities of operating leases | $ | 560 |  |  | $ | 580 |
Non-current operating leases | 2,960 |  |  | 3,033 |
Total operating lease obligations | $ | 3,520 |  |  | $ | 3,613 |
Finance Leases: |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 947 |  |  | $ | 1,125 |
Current maturities of long-term debt, commercial paper and finance leases | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 129 |
Long-term debt and finance leases | 300 |  |  | 279 |
Total finance lease obligations | $ | 379 |  |  | $ | 408 |
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years): |  |  |
Operating leases | 11.0 |  | 11.7
Finance leases | 8.8 |  | 8.0
Weighted average discount rate: |  |  |
Operating leases | 2.21 | % |  | 1.94 | %
Finance leases | 3.03 | % |  | 2.79 | %

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows (in millions):

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of obligations: |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | 538 |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | 3 |  |  | 8 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | 123 |  |  | 48 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: |  |  |
Operating leases | $ | 588 |  |  | $ | 953 |
Finance leases | 98 |  |  | 252 |

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Maturities of lease obligations as of September 30, 2022 are as follows (in millions):

| Finance Leases |  | Operating Leases
2022 | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 136 |
2023 | 83 |  |  | 644 |
2024 | 56 |  |  | 544 |
2025 | 42 |  |  | 484 |
2026 | 35 |  |  | 437 |
Thereafter | 212 |  |  | 1,800 |
Total lease payments | 459 |  |  | 4,045 |
Less: Imputed interest | (80) |  |  | (525) |
Total lease obligations | 379 |  |  | 3,520 |
Less: Current obligations | (79) |  |  | (560) |
Long-term lease obligations | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 2,960 |

As of September 30, 2022, we had $1.2 billion of additional leases which had not commenced. These leases will commence between 2022 and 2024 when we are granted access to the property, such as when leasehold improvements are completed by the lessor or a certificate of occupancy is obtained.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 11. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND CONTINGENCIES
We are involved in a number of judicial proceedings and other matters arising from the conduct of our business.
Although there can be no assurances as to the ultimate outcome, we have generally denied, or believe we have meritorious defenses and will deny, liability in all pending matters, including (except as otherwise noted herein) the matters described below, and we intend to vigorously defend each matter. We accrue amounts associated with legal proceedings when and to the extent a loss becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated. The actual costs of resolving legal proceedings may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts accrued on those claims.
For matters as to which we are not able to estimate a possible loss or range of losses, we are not able to determine whether any such loss will have a material impact on our operations or financial condition. For these matters, we have described the reasons that we are unable to estimate a possible loss or range of losses.
Judicial Proceedings
We are a defendant in a number of lawsuits filed in state and federal courts containing various class action allegations under state wage-and-hour laws. At this time, we do not believe that any loss associated with any such matter will have a material impact on our operations or financial condition. One of these matters, Hughes v. UPS Supply Chain Solutions, Inc. and United Parcel Service, Inc. had previously been certified as a class action in Kentucky state court. In the second quarter of 2019, the court granted our motion for judgment on the pleadings related to the wage-and-hour claims. The plaintiffs' appeal of this decision was denied; however, in the second quarter of 2022 the plaintiffs were granted discretionary review of these claims by the Kentucky Supreme Court.
Other Matters
In August 2016, Spain’s National Markets and Competition Commission ("CNMC") announced an investigation into 10 companies in the commercial delivery and parcel industry, including UPS, related to alleged nonaggression agreements to allocate customers. In May 2017, we received a Statement of Objections issued by the CNMC. In July 2017, we received a Proposed Decision from the CNMC. On March 8, 2018, the CNMC adopted a final decision, finding an infringement and imposing an immaterial fine on UPS. We appealed the decision and, in September 2018, obtained a suspension of the implementation of the decision (including payment of the fine). The appeal is pending. We do not believe that any loss from this matter would have a material impact on our operations or financial condition. We are vigorously defending ourselves and believe that we have a number of meritorious legal defenses. There are also unresolved questions of law and fact that could be important to the ultimate resolution of this matter.
In November 2021, the Environmental Protection Agency (the "EPA") sent us an information request related to hazardous waste regulatory compliance at certain of our facilities. The EPA indicated that it was investigating potential recordkeeping violations of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act at those facilities. We cooperated with the EPA and resolved this matter for an immaterial amount.
We are a party in various other matters that arose in the normal course of business. We do not believe that the eventual resolution of these other matters (either individually or in the aggregate), including any reasonably possible losses in excess of current accruals, will have a material impact on our operations or financial condition.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 12. SHAREOWNERS' EQUITY
Capital Stock, Additional Paid-In Capital, Retained Earnings and Non-Controlling Minority Interests
We are authorized to issue two classes of common stock, which are distinguished from each other primarily by their respective voting rights. Class A shares of UPS are entitled to 10 votes per share, whereas class B shares are entitled to one vote per share. Class A shares are primarily held by UPS employees and retirees, as well as trusts and descendants of the Company's founders, and these shares are fully convertible into class B shares at any time. Class B shares are publicly traded on the NYSE under the symbol “UPS”. Class A and B shares both have a $0.01 par value, and as of September 30, 2022, there were 4.6 billion class A shares and 5.6 billion class B shares authorized to be issued. Additionally, there are 200 million preferred shares authorized to be issued, with a par value of $0.01 per share. As of September 30, 2022, no preferred shares had been issued.
The following is a rollforward of our common stock, additional paid-in capital, retained earnings and non-controlling minority interests accounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in millions, except per share amounts):

Three Months Ended September 30: | 2022 |  | 2021
| Shares |  | Dollars |  | Shares |  | Dollars
Class A Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | 138 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 144 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Stock award plans | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |
Common stock issuances | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Conversions of class A to class B common stock | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |
Class A shares issued at end of period | 135 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 141 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Class B Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | 732 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | 728 |  |  | $ | 7 |
Common stock purchases | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |
Conversions of class A to class B common stock | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Class B shares issued at end of period | 730 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | 728 |  |  | $ | 7 |
Additional Paid-In Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,329 |
Common stock purchases |  |  | (903) |  |  |  |  | (500) |
Stock award plans |  |  | 233 |  |  |  |  | 176 |
Common stock issuances |  |  | 97 |  |  |  |  | 83 |
Balance at end of period |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,088 |
Retained Earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  |  | $ | 18,958 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,531 |
Net income attributable to common shareowners |  |  | 2,584 |  |  |  |  | 2,329 |
Dividends ($1.52 and $1.02 per share) (1) |  |  | (1,316) |  |  |  |  | (887) |
Common stock purchases |  |  | (48) |  |  |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | (1) |  |  |  |  | — |
Balance at end of period |  |  | $ | 20,177 |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,973 |
Non-Controlling Minority Interest |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  |  |  | $ | 17 |
Change in non-controlling minority interest |  |  | (1) |  |  |  |  | (1) |
Balance at end of period |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  |  |  | $ | 16 |
(1) The dividend per share amount is the same for both class A and class B common stock. Dividends include $41 and $27 million as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, that were settled in shares of class A common stock.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Nine Months Ended September 30: | 2022 |  | 2021
| Shares |  | Dollars |  | Shares |  | Dollars
Class A Common Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | 138 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 147 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Stock award plans | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |
Common stock issuances | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |
Conversions of class A to class B common stock | (10) |  |  | — |  |  | (13) |  |  | — |
Class A shares outstanding at end of period | 135 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 141 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Class B Common Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | 732 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | 718 |  |  | $ | 7 |
Common stock purchases | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |
Conversions of class A to class B common stock | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |
Class B shares outstanding at end of period | 730 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | 728 |  |  | $ | 7 |
Additional Paid-In Capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  |  | $ | 1,343 |  |  |  |  | $ | 865 |
Common stock purchases |  |  | (2,146) |  |  |  |  | (500) |
Stock award plans |  |  | 410 |  |  |  |  | 399 |
Common stock issuances |  |  | 393 |  |  |  |  | 324 |
Balance at end of period |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,088 |
Retained Earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  |  | $ | 16,179 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,896 |
Net income attributable to controlling interests |  |  | 8,095 |  |  |  |  | 9,797 |
Dividends ($4.56 and $3.06 per share) (1) |  |  | (4,049) |  |  |  |  | (2,718) |
Common stock purchases |  |  | (48) |  |  |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (2) |
Balance at end of period |  |  | $ | 20,177 |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,973 |
Non-Controlling Interests: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12 |
Change in non-controlling interest |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 4 |
Balance at end of period |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  |  |  | $ | 16 |
(1) The dividend per share amount is the same for both class A and class B common stock. Dividends include $207 and $140 million as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, that were settled in shares of class A common stock.

In August 2021, the Board of Directors authorized the company to repurchase up to $5.0 billion of class A and class B common stock. We repurchased 4.9 and 11.6 million shares of class B common stock for $951 million and $2.2 billion under this program during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. We repurchased 2.6 million shares of class B common stock for $500 million under this program during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. As of September 30, 2022, we had $2.3 billion available under this repurchase authorization. We anticipate our share repurchases will total at least $3.0 billion for all of 2022.
Future share repurchases may be in the form of accelerated share repurchase programs, open market purchases or other methods we deem appropriate. The timing of share repurchases will depend upon market conditions. Unless terminated earlier by the Board of Directors, this program will expire when we have purchased all shares authorized for repurchase under the program.
Movements in additional paid-in capital in respect of stock award plans comprise accruals for unvested awards, offset by adjustments for awards that vest during the period.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
We recognize activity in other comprehensive income for foreign currency translation adjustments, unrealized holding gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, unrealized gains and losses from derivatives that qualify as hedges of cash flows and unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs. The activity in accumulated other comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in millions):

Three Months Ended September 30: | 2022 |  | 2021
Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss), Net of Tax: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | (1,447) |  |  | $ | (1,015) |
Translation adjustment (net of tax effect of $4 and $8) | (263) |  |  | (106) |
Balance at end of period | (1,710) |  |  | (1,121) |
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Marketable Securities, Net of Tax: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | (8) |  |  | 1 |
Current period changes in fair value (net of tax effect of $(1) and $0) | (4) |  |  | — |
Reclassification to earnings (net of tax effect of $0 and $0) | 1 |  |  | — |
Balance at end of period | (11) |  |  | 1 |
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges, Net of Tax: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | 260 |  |  | (155) |
Current period changes in fair value (net of tax effect of $110 and $40) | 350 |  |  | 126 |
Reclassification to earnings (net of tax effect of $(21) and $(5)) | (69) |  |  | (14) |
Balance at end of period | 541 |  |  | (43) |
Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs, Net of Tax: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | (2,056) |  |  | (1,895) |
Reclassification to earnings (net of tax effect of $5 and $9) | 18 |  |  | 29 |
Balance at end of period | (2,038) |  |  | (1,866) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at end of period | $ | (3,218) |  |  | $ | (3,029) |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Nine Months Ended September 30: | 2022 |  | 2021
Foreign currency translation gain (loss), net of tax: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | (1,162) |  |  | $ | (981) |
Translation adjustment (net of tax effect of $11 and $37) | (548) |  |  | (140) |
Balance at end of period | (1,710) |  |  | (1,121) |
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | (1) |  |  | 6 |
Current period changes in fair value (net of tax effect of $(3) and $0) | (11) |  |  | (1) |
Reclassification to earnings (net of tax effect of $0 and $0) | 1 |  |  | (4) |
Balance at end of period | (11) |  |  | 1 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges, net of tax: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | (17) |  |  | (223) |
Current period changes in fair value (net of tax effect of $222 and $65) | 705 |  |  | 207 |
Reclassification to earnings (net of tax effect of $(46) and $(9)) | (147) |  |  | (27) |
Balance at end of period | 541 |  |  | (43) |
Unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs, net of tax: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | (2,098) |  |  | (5,915) |
Net actuarial gain (loss) resulting from remeasurements of plan assets and liabilities (net of tax effect of $11 and $2,039) | 31 |  |  | 6,470 |
Reclassification to earnings (net of tax effect of $8 and $(763)) | 29 |  |  | (2,421) |
Balance at end of period | (2,038) |  |  | (1,866) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at end of period | $ | (3,218) |  |  | $ | (3,029) |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Detail of the gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI to the statements of consolidated income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in millions):

| Amount Reclassified from AOCI |  | Affected Line Item in the Income Statement
Three Months Ended September 30: | 2022 |  | 2021 |
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Marketable Securities: |  |  |  |  |
Realized gain (loss) on sale of securities | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Investment income and other
Income tax (expense) benefit | — |  |  | — |  |  | Income tax expense
Impact on net income | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | Net income
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | (4) |  |  | (3) |  |  | Interest expense
Foreign currency exchange contracts | 94 |  |  | 22 |  |  | Revenue
Income tax (expense) benefit | (21) |  |  | (5) |  |  | Income tax expense
Impact on net income | 69 |  |  | 14 |  |  | Net income
Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs: |  |  |  |  |
Prior service costs | (23) |  |  | (38) |  |  | Investment income and other
Income tax (expense) benefit | 5 |  |  | 9 |  |  | Income tax expense
Impact on net income | (18) |  |  | (29) |  |  | Net income
Total amount reclassified for the period | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | (15) |  |  | Net income

| Amount Reclassified from AOCI |  | Affected Line Item in the Income Statement
Nine Months Ended September 30: | 2022 |  | 2021 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |
Realized gain (loss) on sale of securities | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | Investment income and other
Income tax (expense) benefit | — |  |  | — |  |  | Income tax expense
Impact on net income | (1) |  |  | 4 |  |  | Net income
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | (9) |  |  | (8) |  |  | Interest expense
Foreign currency exchange contracts | 202 |  |  | 44 |  |  | Revenue
Income tax (expense) benefit | (46) |  |  | (9) |  |  | Income tax expense
Impact on net income | 147 |  |  | 27 |  |  | Net income
Unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs: |  |  |  |  |
Prior service costs | (70) |  |  | (109) |  |  | Investment income and other
Prior service credit for divested business | — |  |  | 69 |  |  | Other expenses
Plan amendments for divested business | — |  |  | (66) |  |  | Other expenses
Remeasurement of benefit obligation | — |  |  | 3,290 |  |  | Investment income and other
Curtailment of benefit obligation | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | Investment income and other
Income tax (expense) benefit | 8 |  |  | (763) |  |  | Income tax expense
Impact on net income | (29) |  |  | 2,421 |  |  | Net income
Total amount reclassified for the period | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 2,452 |  |  | Net income

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Deferred Compensation Obligations and Treasury Stock
We maintain a deferred compensation plan whereby certain employees were previously able to elect to defer the gains on stock option exercises by deferring the shares received upon exercise into a rabbi trust. The shares held in this trust are classified as treasury stock, and the liability to participating employees is classified as Deferred compensation obligations in the S hareowners’ Equity section of the consolidated balance sheets. The number of shares needed to settle the liability for deferred compensation obligations is included in the denominator in both the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations. Employees are generally no longer able to defer the gains from stock options exercised subsequent to December 31, 2004.
Activity in the deferred compensation program for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in millions):

| 2022 |  | 2021
Three Months Ended September 30: | Shares |  | Dollars |  | Shares |  | Dollars
Deferred Compensation Obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  |  |  | $ | 16 |
Reinvested dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Benefit payments |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Balance at end of period |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  |  |  | $ | 16 |
Treasury Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | — |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | (16) |
Reinvested dividends | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Benefit payments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at end of period | — |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | (16) |

| 2022 |  | 2021
Nine Months Ended September 30: | Shares |  | Dollars |  | Shares |  | Dollars
Deferred Compensation Obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  |  |  | $ | 20 |
Reinvested dividends |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 1 |
Benefit payments |  |  | (5) |  |  |  |  | (5) |
Balance at end of period |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  |  |  | $ | 16 |
Treasury Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | — |  |  | $ | (16) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | (20) |
Reinvested dividends | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Benefit payments | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Balance at end of period | — |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | (16) |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 13. SEGMENT INFORMATION
We have two reportable segments: U.S. Domestic Package and International Package, which are together referred to as our global small package operations. Our remaining businesses are reported as Supply Chain Solutions. Global small package operations represent our most significant business and are broken down into regional operations around the world. Regional operations managers are responsible for both domestic and export products within their geographic area. Supply Chain Solutions comprises the results of non-reportable operating segments that do not meet the quantitative and qualitative criteria of a reportable segment as defined under ASC Topic 280 – Segment Reporting.
U.S. Domestic Package
U.S. Domestic Package operations include the time-definite delivery of letters, documents and packages throughout the United States.
International Package
International Package operations include delivery to more than 220 countries and territories worldwide, including shipments wholly outside the United States, as well as shipments with either origin or destination outside the United States. Our International Package reporting segment includes our operations in Europe, Asia, Americas and the Indian Sub-Continent, Middle East and Africa.
Supply Chain Solutions
Supply Chain Solutions includes our Forwarding, Logistics, Coyote, Marken, UPS Mail Innovations and other businesses. Our Forwarding, Logistics and UPS Mail Innovations units provide services in more than 200 countries and territories worldwide and include international air and ocean freight forwarding, customs brokerage, distribution and post-sales services, mail and consulting services. Coyote offers truckload brokerage services primarily in the United States. Marken is a global provider of supply chain solutions to the healthcare and life sciences industry, specializing in clinical trials logistics. Our other businesses include The UPS Store, UPS Capital, Roadie and Delivery Solutions. UPS Freight was included within Supply Chain Solutions until its divestiture in the second quarter of 2021.
In evaluating financial performance, we focus on operating profit as a segment’s measure of profit or loss. Operating profit is before investment income and other, interest expense and income tax expense. Certain expenses are allocated between the segments using activity-based costing methods that require us to make estimates that impact the amount of each expense category that is attributed to each segment. Changes in these estimates would directly impact the expense allocated to each segment, and therefore the operating profit of each reporting segment. We periodically refine our allocation methodologies to reflect changes in our business. There were no significant changes to our allocation methodologies in the third quarter or year-to-date periods.
Results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in millions):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Domestic Package | $ | 15,374 |  |  | $ | 14,208 |  |  | $ | 45,957 |  |  | $ | 42,620 |
International Package | 4,799 |  |  | 4,720 |  |  | 14,748 |  |  | 14,144 |
Supply Chain Solutions | 3,988 |  |  | 4,256 |  |  | 12,600 |  |  | 12,752 |
Consolidated revenue | $ | 24,161 |  |  | $ | 23,184 |  |  | $ | 73,305 |  |  | $ | 69,516 |
Operating Profit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Domestic Package | $ | 1,666 |  |  | $ | 1,407 |  |  | $ | 5,157 |  |  | $ | 4,333 |
International Package | 997 |  |  | 1,051 |  |  | 3,306 |  |  | 3,320 |
Supply Chain Solutions | 450 |  |  | 438 |  |  | 1,436 |  |  | 1,266 |
Consolidated operating profit | $ | 3,113 |  |  | $ | 2,896 |  |  | $ | 9,899 |  |  | $ | 8,919 |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The earnings per share amounts are the same for class A and class B common shares as the holders of each class are legally entitled to equal per-share distributions whether through dividends or in liquidation.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in millions, except per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to common shareowners | $ | 2,584 |  |  | $ | 2,329 |  |  | $ | 8,095 |  |  | $ | 9,797 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares | 867 |  |  | 870 |  |  | 870 |  |  | 869 |
Vested portion of restricted units | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5 |
Denominator for basic earnings per share | 870 |  |  | 875 |  |  | 873 |  |  | 874 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted units | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |
Stock options | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Denominator for diluted earnings per share | 872 |  |  | 879 |  |  | 876 |  |  | 878 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 2.97 |  |  | $ | 2.66 |  |  | $ | 9.27 |  |  | $ | 11.21 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 2.96 |  |  | $ | 2.65 |  |  | $ | 9.24 |  |  | $ | 11.16 |

Diluted earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2022 excluded the effect of 0.1 million shares of common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of employee stock options because such effect would be antidilutive. There were no antidilutive shares for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Antidilutive shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were 0.1 million.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 15. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk Management Policies
Changes in fuel prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates impact our results of operations and we actively monitor these exposures. To manage the impact of these exposures, we may enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments. Our objective is to manage, where it is deemed appropriate to do so, fluctuations in earnings and cash flows associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates. It is our policy and practice to use derivative financial instruments only to the extent necessary to manage exposures. As we use price-sensitive instruments to hedge a certain portion of our existing and anticipated transactions, we expect that any loss in value from those instruments generally would be offset by increases in the value of those hedged transactions. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Credit Risk Management
The forward contracts, swaps and options discussed below contain an element of risk that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreements; however, we seek to minimize such risk exposures for these instruments by limiting the counterparties to banks and financial institutions that meet established credit guidelines and by monitoring counterparties to prevent concentrations of credit risk with any single counterparty.
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had agreements with all of our active counterparties (covering all of our derivative positions) which contained early termination rights and/or zero threshold bilateral collateral provisions whereby cash is required based on the net fair value of derivatives associated with those counterparties. Since September 30, 2022, we have entered into foreign currency forward contracts in respect of certain foreign currency-denominated debt in notional amounts of 750 million Canadian Dollars, 1.2 billion Euro and 66 million Pounds Sterling that are not covered by the zero threshold bilateral collateral provisions.
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we held cash collateral of $1.0 billion and $260 million, respectively, under these agreements. This collateral is included in Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets and our use of it is not restricted. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no collateral was required to be posted with our counterparties.
Events such as a counterparty credit rating downgrade (depending on the ultimate rating level) could also allow us to take additional protective measures such as the early termination of trades. Alternatively, we could be required to provide additional collateral or terminate transactions with certain counterparties in the event of a downgrade of our credit rating. The amount of collateral required would be determined by the net fair value of the associated derivatives with each counterparty. We have not historically incurred, and do not expect to incur in the future, any losses as a result of counterparty default.
Types of Hedges
Commodity Risk Management
Currently, the fuel surcharges that we apply to our domestic and international package services are the primary means of reducing the risk of adverse fuel price changes on our business. In order to mitigate the impact of fuel surcharges imposed on us by outside carriers, we regularly adjust the rates we charge for our freight brokerage services.
Foreign Currency Risk Management
To protect against the reduction in value of forecasted foreign currency cash flows from our international package business, we maintain a foreign currency cash flow hedging program. Our most significant foreign currency exposures relate to the Euro, British Pound Sterling, Canadian Dollar, Chinese Renminbi and Hong Kong Dollar. We hedge portions of our forecasted revenue denominated in foreign currencies with forward contracts. We normally designate and account for these contracts as cash flow hedges of anticipated foreign currency denominated revenue and, therefore, the resulting gains and losses from these hedges are recognized as a component of international package revenue when the underlying sales transactions occur.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We also hedge portions of our anticipated cash settlements of intercompany transactions and interest payments on certain debt subject to foreign currency remeasurement using foreign currency forward contracts. We normally designate and account for these contracts as cash flow hedges of forecasted foreign currency denominated transactions; therefore, the resulting gains and losses from these hedges are recognized as a component of Investment income and other when the underlying transactions are subject to currency remeasurement.
We hedge our net investment in certain foreign operations with foreign currency-denominated debt instruments. The use of foreign-denominated debt as the hedging instrument allows the debt to be remeasured to foreign currency translation adjustment within other comprehensive income to offset the translation risk from those investments. Balances in the foreign currency translation adjustment account remain until the sale or substantially complete liquidation of the foreign entity, upon which we recognize these balances as a component of Investment income and other in the statements of consolidated income.
Interest Rate Risk Management
Our indebtedness under our various financing arrangements creates interest rate risk. We use a combination of derivative instruments as part of our program to manage the fixed and floating interest rate mix of our total debt portfolio and related overall cost of borrowing. Interest rate swaps allow us to maintain a target range of floating-rate debt within our capital structure. The notional amount, interest payment date and maturity date of the swaps match the terms of the associated debt being hedged.
We have designated and account for the majority of our interest rate swaps that convert fixed-rate interest payments into floating-rate interest payments as fair value hedges of the associated debt instruments. Therefore, the gains and losses resulting from fair value adjustments to the interest rate swaps and fair value adjustments to the associated debt instruments are recorded to interest expense in the period in which the gains and losses occur. We have designated and account for interest rate swaps that convert floating-rate interest payments into fixed-rate interest payments as cash flow hedges of the forecasted payment obligations. The gains and losses resulting from fair value adjustments to these interest rate swaps are recorded to other comprehensive income.
We periodically hedge the forecasted fixed-coupon interest payments associated with anticipated debt offerings by using forward starting interest rate swaps, interest rate locks or similar derivatives. These agreements effectively lock a portion of our interest rate exposure between the time the agreement is entered into and the date when the debt offering is completed, thereby mitigating the impact of interest rate changes on future interest expense. These derivatives are settled commensurate with the issuance of the debt, and any gain or loss upon settlement is amortized as an adjustment to the effective interest yield on the debt.
Outstanding Positions
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the notional amounts of our outstanding derivative positions were as follows (in millions):

|  | September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Currency hedges: |  |  |  |
Euro | EUR | 4,175 |  |  | 4,257 |
British Pound Sterling | GBP | 912 |  |  | 1,402 |
Canadian Dollar | CAD | 1,631 |  |  | 1,633 |
Hong Kong Dollar | HKD | 4,342 |  |  | 4,033 |
Interest rate hedges: |  |  |  |
Fixed to Floating Interest Rate Swaps | USD | 1,000 |  |  | 1,000 |
Floating to Fixed Interest Rate Swaps | USD | 28 |  |  | 28 |

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had no outstanding commodity hedge positions.
Our fixed to floating interest rate swaps were designated as a fair value hedge of our 2.450% fixed rate notes that matured in October 2022.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Balance Sheet Recognition
The following table indicates the location in the consolidated balance sheets where our derivative assets and liabilities have been recognized, the fair value hierarchy level applicable to each derivative type and the related fair values of those derivatives.
We have master netting arrangements with substantially all of our counterparties giving us the right of offset for our derivative positions. However, we have not elected to offset the fair value positions of our derivative contracts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets. The columns labeled Net Amounts if Right of Offset had been Applied indicate the potential net fair value positions by type of contract and location in the consolidated balance sheets had we elected to apply the right of offset as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in millions):

|  |  |  | Fair Value Hierarchy Level |  | Gross Amounts Presented in Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Net Amounts if Right of Offset had been Applied
Asset Derivatives |  | Balance Sheet Location |  |  | September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Derivatives designated as hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other current assets |  | Level 2 |  | $ | 336 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 336 |  |  | $ | 82 |
Interest rate contracts |  | Other current assets |  | Level 2 |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other non-current assets |  | Level 2 |  | 558 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 555 |  |  | 90 |
Derivatives not designated as hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other current assets |  | Level 2 |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Total Asset Derivatives |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 895 |  |  | $ | 236 |  |  | $ | 892 |  |  | $ | 185 |

|  |  |  | Fair Value Hierarchy Level |  | Gross Amounts Presented in Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Net Amounts if Right of Offset had been Applied
Liability Derivatives |  | Balance Sheet Location |  |  | September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Derivatives designated as hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other current liabilities |  | Level 2 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |
Interest rate contracts |  | Other current liabilities |  | Level 2 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other non-current liabilities |  | Level 2 |  | 3 |  |  | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest rate contracts |  | Other non-current liabilities |  | Level 2 |  | 5 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 10 |
Total Liability Derivatives |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 11 |

Our foreign currency exchange, interest rate and investment market price derivatives are largely comprised of over-the-counter derivatives, which are primarily valued using pricing models that rely on market observable inputs such as yield curves, currency exchange rates and investment forward prices. These derivatives are classified as Level 2. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we did not have any derivatives that were classified as Level 1 or Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Balance Sheet Location of Hedged Item in Fair Value Hedges
The following table indicates the amounts that were recorded in the consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in millions):

Line Item in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Which the Hedged Item is Included |  | Carrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities |  | Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedge Adjustments |  | Carrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities |  | Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedge Adjustments
| September 30, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2021
Current maturities of long-term debt, commercial paper and finance leases |  | $ | 1,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,010 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Long-term debt and finance leases |  | $ | 280 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 280 |  |  | $ | 5 |

The cumulative amount of fair value hedging losses remaining for any hedged assets and liabilities for which hedge accounting has been discontinued as of September 30, 2022 is $5 million. These amounts will be recognized over the next 8 years.
Income Statement and AOCI Recognition
The following table indicates the amount of gains and (losses) that have been recognized in the statements of consolidated income for fair value and cash flow hedges, as well as the associated gain or (loss) for the underlying hedged item for fair value hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in millions):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30,
Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| Revenue |  | Interest Expense |  | Investment Income and Other |  | Revenue |  | Interest Expense |  | Investment Income and Other
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedged items |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |
Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income |  | 94 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of income in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | — |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021
Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships |  | Revenue |  | Interest Expense |  | Investment Income and Other |  | Revenue |  | Interest Expense |  | Investment Income and Other
Gain or (loss) on fair value hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedged items |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | — |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  | — |  |  | (10) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14) |  |  | — |
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |  | — |
Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income |  | 202 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of income in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded |  | $ | 202 |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | — |

The following table indicates the amount of gains and (losses) that have been recognized in AOCI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 for those derivatives designated as cash flow hedges (in millions):

Three Months Ended September 30: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative Instruments in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | 459 |  |  | 165 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 460 |  |  | $ | 166 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nine Months Ended September 30: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative Instruments in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | 922 |  |  | 271 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 927 |  |  | $ | 272 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

As of September 30, 2022, there were $330 million of unrealized pre-tax gains related to cash flow hedges deferred in AOCI that are expected to be reclassified to income over the 12 month period ending September 30, 2023. The actual amounts that will be reclassified to income over the next 12 months will vary from this amount as a result of changes in market conditions. The maximum term over which we are hedging exposures to the variability of cash flows is approximately 10 years.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table indicates the amount of gains and (losses) that have been recognized in AOCI within foreign currency translation adjustment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 for those instruments designated as net investment hedges (in millions):

Three Months Ended September 30: |  |  |  |
Non-derivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Debt
| 2022 |  | 2021
Foreign denominated debt |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 90 |
Total |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 90 |
Nine Months Ended September 30: |  |  |  |
Non-derivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Debt
| 2022 |  | 2021
Foreign denominated debt |  | $ | 436 |  |  | $ | 167 |
Total |  | $ | 436 |  |  | $ | 167 |

Additionally, we maintain foreign currency exchange forward contracts that are not designated as hedges. These foreign currency exchange forward contracts are intended to provide an economic offset to foreign currency remeasurement and settlement risk for certain assets and liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.
We also periodically terminate foreign currency exchange forward contracts by entering into offsetting foreign currency exchange positions with different counterparties. As part of this process, we de-designate our original foreign currency exchange contracts. These transactions provide an economic offset that effectively eliminates the effects of changes in market value.
The following is a summary of the amounts recorded in the statements of consolidated income related to fair value changes and settlements of foreign currency exchange forward contracts not designated as hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in millions):

Derivative Instruments Not Designated in Hedging Relationships |  | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
|  | 2022 |  | 2021
Three Months Ended September 30: |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Investment income and other |  | $ | (45) |  |  | $ | (21) |
Total |  |  |  | $ | (45) |  |  | $ | (21) |
Nine Months Ended September 30: |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Investment income and other |  | $ | (131) |  |  | $ | (24) |
Total |  |  |  | $ | (131) |  |  | $ | (24) |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 16. INCOME TAXES
Our effective tax rate decreased to 21.0% in the third quarter from 22.2% in the same period of 2021 (21.8% year to date compared to 22.4% in 2021). The recognition in income tax of excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation reduced our effective rate by 0.8% year to date compared to 0.6% in the same period of 2021 (there was no significant impact in the third quarter of 2022 or 2021). Other items that impacted our effective tax rate in the third quarter compared to 2021 included favorable changes in uncertain tax positions and favorable changes in our jurisdictional earnings mix.
As discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, we have recognized liabilities for uncertain tax positions and we reevaluate these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. A number of years may elapse before an uncertain tax position is audited and ultimately settled. It is difficult to predict the ultimate outcome or the timing of resolution for uncertain tax positions. It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months, however, an estimate of the range of reasonably possible outcomes cannot be made. Items that may cause changes to unrecognized tax benefits include the allowance or disallowance of deductions, the timing of deductions and the allocation of income and expense between tax jurisdictions. Any changes could result from the settlement of ongoing litigation, the completion of ongoing examinations, the expiration of statutes of limitations or other unforeseen circumstances.
In the first nine months of 2022, we recognized an immaterial income tax expense related to a pre-tax curtailment gain of $33 million on the UPS Canada Ltd. Retirement Plan. This income tax expense was generated at a higher average tax rate than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate because it included the effect of foreign taxes.
In the first nine months of 2021, we recognized an income tax expense of $788 million related to a pre-tax mark-to-market gain of $3.3 billion on the UPS/IBT Full-Time Employee Pension Plan. This income tax expense was generated at a higher average tax rate than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate because it included the effect of U.S. state and local taxes.
As discussed in note 17, we recognized pre-tax transformation strategy costs of $36 million in the third quarter of 2022 compared to $74 million in the same period of 2021 ($132 million year to date compared to $308 million in the prior year). As a result, we recorded an income tax benefit of $9 million in the third quarter compared to $20 million in the same period of 2021 ($31 million year to date compared to $76 million in the prior year). The income tax benefit was generated at a higher average tax rate than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate, primarily due to the effect of U.S. state and local taxes and foreign taxes.
During the first nine months of 2021, we recorded a net pre-tax gain of $35 million related to the divestiture of UPS Freight, resulting in a net income tax expense of $8 million. This income tax expense was generated at a higher average tax rate than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate due to the effect of U.S. state and local taxes.
Beginning in 2012, we were granted a tax incentive for certain of our non-U.S. operations, which was effective through December 31, 2021. During the first nine months of 2022, the tax incentive was renegotiated and extended. The tax incentive is conditioned upon our meeting specific employment and investment thresholds, which we expect to meet. The impact of the tax incentive did not significantly change our effective tax rate for the first nine months of 2022 compared to 2021.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 17. TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY COSTS
Our strategy includes a multi-year, enterprise-wide transformation of our organization. The program includes investments, as well as changes in processes and technology, that impact global direct and indirect operating costs.
The table below presents transformation strategy costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in millions):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Transformation Strategy Costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | 164 |
Total other expenses | 21 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 144 |
Total Transformation Strategy Costs | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 308 |
Income Tax Benefit from Transformation Strategy Costs | (9) |  |  | (20) |  |  | (31) |  |  | (76) |
After-Tax Transformation Strategy Costs | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 232 |

The income tax effects of transformation strategy costs are calculated by multiplying the amount of the adjustments by the statutory tax rates applicable in each tax jurisdiction.
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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
Building on the strong foundation created by our Better not Bigger strategic approach, we are moving to the next phase of our strategic framework. Within our Better and Bolder approach we are moving faster to enhance customer engagement by combining our physical network with digital capabilities, while at the same time increasing further efficiencies and remaining disciplined with capital allocation.
Within the Customer First component of our strategy, we continue to leverage technology to improve the customer experience. We are growing our Digital Access Program, which makes it faster and easier for small- and medium-sized businesses ("SMBs") to ship with us. Through our People Led strategic focus, we are working to improve our employee value proposition by increasing flexibility and simplifying our hiring process. Under our Innovation Driven strategic pillar, we continue to deploy automated solutions and smart package technology to drive further productivity improvements, enable additional network agility and better serve our customers.
To accelerate our growth in complex healthcare logistics, during the third quarter we entered into an agreement to acquire Bomi Group, which we expect to close during the fourth quarter. This acquisition will expand our healthcare footprint and bring additional expertise in cold chain logistics.
For the quarter, a number of external factors continued to contribute to a challenging operating environment, including global inflation and rising interest rates, wage and labor market pressures, volatile energy prices, geopolitical uncertainties, and foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. Dollar. Additionally, areas within Asia continued to experience lockdowns and other restrictions that impacted manufacturing and supply chains. These factors resulted in disruptions to certain parts of our business, negatively impacted demand for our services and contributed to increases in certain of our operating costs. We expect these factors will continue to impact us and result in continued uncertainty for the remainder of the year and into 2023. In the face of this uncertain macroeconomic environment, we continue to operate within our strategic framework, maximizing the agility of our global integrated network by making adjustments to match changes in volume levels and delivering excellent service to our customers.
Volume declined in our U.S. Domestic Package segment for both the quarter and year to date, driven by a decline in residential volume from certain large customers, reflecting the continued execution within our strategic framework. This decline was partially offset by growth from SMBs and volume from new customers. Revenue per piece growth more than offset the decline in volume for both the quarter and year to date. Broader economic factors, particularly labor market pressures and fuel prices, contributed to an increase in operating costs, however, successful execution of our strategy resulted in increased operating profit and operating margin in both the current year periods.
Within our International Package segment, volume also declined for both the quarter and year to date primarily due to the factors discussed above, although the rate of decline slowed in the third quarter relative to the first half of the year. Revenue increased for both current year periods as revenue per piece growth more than offset the volume declines. Operating profit was negatively impacted by the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against European currencies, for both the quarter and year to date.
Within Supply Chain Solutions, revenue declined for the quarter as volumes and market rates decreased in our Forwarding businesses. Operating profit and operating margin increased for the quarter, primarily due to growth in Logistics and improved revenue quality in our truckload brokerage business. Year to date, revenue decreased primarily due to the divestiture of UPS Freight in the second quarter of 2021. Operating profit and operating margin increased, driven by improved results in our Forwarding and Logistics businesses.
Our strategic execution strengthened our balance sheet and continued to result in the generation of strong cash flows for the year, which we are reinvesting in the business and returning to shareowners through dividends and share repurchases.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Highlights of our consolidated results, which are discussed in more detail below, include:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | %
Revenue (in millions) | $ | 24,161 |  |  | $ | 23,184 |  |  | $ | 977 |  |  | 4.2 | % |  | $ | 73,305 |  |  | $ | 69,516 |  |  | $ | 3,789 |  |  | 5.5 | %
Operating Expenses (in millions) | 21,048 |  |  | 20,288 |  |  | 760 |  |  | 3.7 | % |  | 63,406 |  |  | 60,597 |  |  | 2,809 |  |  | 4.6 | %
Operating Profit (in millions) | $ | 3,113 |  |  | $ | 2,896 |  |  | $ | 217 |  |  | 7.5 | % |  | $ | 9,899 |  |  | $ | 8,919 |  |  | $ | 980 |  |  | 11.0 | %
Operating Margin | 12.9 | % |  | 12.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 13.5 | % |  | 12.8 | % |  |  |  |
Net Income (in millions) | $ | 2,584 |  |  | $ | 2,329 |  |  | $ | 255 |  |  | 10.9 | % |  | $ | 8,095 |  |  | $ | 9,797 |  |  | $ | (1,702) |  |  | (17.4) | %
Basic Earnings Per Share | $ | 2.97 |  |  | $ | 2.66 |  |  | $ | 0.31 |  |  | 11.7 | % |  | $ | 9.27 |  |  | $ | 11.21 |  |  | $ | (1.94) |  |  | (17.3) | %
Diluted Earnings Per Share | $ | 2.96 |  |  | $ | 2.65 |  |  | $ | 0.31 |  |  | 11.7 | % |  | $ | 9.24 |  |  | $ | 11.16 |  |  | $ | (1.92) |  |  | (17.2) | %
Operating Days | 64 |  |  | 64 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 192 |  |  | 191 |  |  |  |  |
Average Daily Package Volume (in thousands) | 22,900 |  |  | 23,381 |  |  |  |  | (2.1) | % |  | 23,083 |  |  | 23,920 |  |  |  |  | (3.5) | %
Average Revenue Per Piece | $ | 13.58 |  |  | $ | 12.50 |  |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  | 8.6 | % |  | $ | 13.52 |  |  | $ | 12.29 |  |  | $ | 1.23 |  |  | 10.0 | %

•Revenue increased in both our U.S. Domestic Package and International Package segments in both the three- and nine-month periods, with strong revenue per piece growth in our global small package operations.
•Average daily volume in our global small package operations decreased for both the quarter and year to date, primarily due to business-to-consumer volume declines.
•Operating expenses increased for both the quarter and year to date, driven primarily by higher compensation and benefits and fuel prices.
•Operating profit and operating margin increased in our U.S Domestic Package segment and Supply Chain Solutions businesses for both the quarter and year to date. Operating profit and operating margin decreased slightly in our International Package segment for both periods.
•Net income was $2.6 billion and diluted earnings per share was $2.96 for the third quarter ($8.1 billion and $9.24 per share year to date). Adjusted diluted earnings per share was $2.99 for the third quarter ($9.33 per share year to date) after adjusting for the after-tax impacts of:
◦transformation strategy costs of $27 million, or $0.03 per diluted share, for the third quarter ($101 million and $0.12 per diluted share year to date); and
◦a first-quarter defined benefit plan curtailment gain of $24 million, or $0.03 per diluted share that impacted the year-to-date period.
In the U.S. Domestic Package segment, revenue increased for the quarter and year to date, primarily due to higher fuel revenue driven by increases in both the price per gallon and in fuel surcharge rates as part of our pricing strategy. Revenue quality and favorable shifts in customer mix also contributed to the increase. These increases were partially offset by lower revenue from volume declines. Expenses increased for the quarter and year to date due to higher compensation and benefits costs and higher fuel prices, slightly offset by productivity improvements.
In the International Package segment, revenue increased for the quarter and year to date, driven by higher fuel revenue, revenue quality actions and favorable shifts in customer and product mix. This increase was partially offset by negative impacts from lower volumes and unfavorable currency movements. Expense increases were primarily driven by higher fuel prices, somewhat offset by favorable currency impacts.
Supply Chain Solutions revenue decreased for the quarter and year to date. For the quarter, volume declines in Forwarding were partially offset by growth in our Logistics businesses, driven by healthcare. Year to date, revenue increases in Forwarding and Logistics were offset by a reduction in revenue due to the second quarter 2021 divestiture of UPS Freight. Expenses decreased for the quarter and year to date, driven by lower transportation costs in Forwarding and a reduction in operating expenses due to the divestiture of UPS Freight, partially offset by higher operating costs in Logistics.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Supplemental Information - Items Affecting Comparability
We supplement the reporting of our financial information determined under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") with certain non-GAAP financial measures. These include: "adjusted" compensation and benefits; operating expenses; operating profit; operating margin; other income and (expense); income before income taxes; income tax expense; effective tax rate; net income; and earnings per share. Adjusted financial measures may exclude the impact of period-over-period exchange rate changes and hedging activities, defined benefit plan gains and losses, transformation and other charges, goodwill and asset impairment charges, and divestitures, as described below.
We believe that these non-GAAP measures provide additional meaningful information to assist users of our financial statements in more fully understanding our financial results and assessing our ongoing performance, because they exclude items that may not be indicative of, or are unrelated to, our underlying operations, and may provide a useful baseline for analyzing trends in our underlying businesses. These non-GAAP measures are used internally by management for business unit operating performance analysis, business unit resource allocation and in connection with incentive compensation award determinations.
Adjusted financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not as an alternative for, our reported results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our adjusted financial measures do not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Therefore, our adjusted financial measures may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures reported by other companies.
Adjusted amounts reflect the following (in millions):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Non-GAAP Adjustments | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transformation Strategy Costs | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 308 |
Asset Impairment and Divestiture Charges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (35) |
Total Adjustments to Operating Expenses | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 273 |
Other Income and (Expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Defined Benefit Plan (Gains) and Losses | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (33) |  |  | $ | (3,290) |
Total Adjustments to Other Income and (Expense) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (33) |  |  | $ | (3,290) |
Total Adjustments to Income Before Income Taxes | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | (3,017) |
Income Tax (Benefit) Expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transformation Strategy Costs | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | (20) |  |  | $ | (31) |  |  | $ | (76) |
Asset Impairment and Divestiture Charges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Defined Benefit Plan (Gains) and Losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 788 |
Total Adjustments to Income Tax (Benefit) Expense | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | (20) |  |  | $ | (22) |  |  | $ | 720 |
Total Adjustments to Net Income | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | (2,297) |

Transformation Charges, and Goodwill, Asset Impairment and Divestiture Charges
We supplement the presentation of our operating profit, operating margin, income before income taxes, net income and earnings per share with non-GAAP measures that exclude the impact of charges related to transformation activities, and goodwill, asset impairment and divestiture charges. For more information regarding transformation activities, see note 17 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements. For more information regarding goodwill and asset impairment charges, and divestitures, see note 4 to our audited, consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Changes and Hedging Activities
We also supplement the reporting of revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit with adjusted measures that exclude the period-over-period impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes and hedging activities. We believe currency-neutral revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit information allows users of our financial statements to understand growth trends in our products and results. We evaluate the performance of International Package and Supply Chain Solutions on this currency-neutral basis.
Currency-neutral revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit are calculated by dividing current period reported U.S. Dollar revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit by the current period average exchange rates to derive current period local currency revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit. The derived amounts are then multiplied by the average foreign currency exchange rates used to translate the comparable results for each month in the prior year period (including the period-over-period impact of foreign currency hedging activities). The difference between the current period reported U.S. Dollar revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit and the derived current period U.S. Dollar revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit is the period-over-period impact of currency fluctuations.
Defined Benefit Plan Gains and Losses
We incur certain employment-related expenses associated with pension and postretirement medical benefits. These pension and postretirement medical benefits costs for company-sponsored defined benefit plans are calculated using various actuarial assumptions and methodologies, including discount rates, expected returns on plan assets, healthcare cost trend rates, inflation, compensation increase rates, mortality rates and coordination of benefits with plans not sponsored by UPS. Actuarial assumptions are reviewed on an annual basis, unless circumstances require an interim remeasurement of any of our plans.
We recognize changes in the fair value of plan assets and net actuarial gains and losses in excess of a 10% corridor (defined as 10% of the greater of the fair value of plan assets or the plan's projected benefit obligation), as well as gains and losses resulting from plan amendments, for our pension and postretirement defined benefit plans immediately as part of Investment income and other in the statements of consolidated income. We supplement the presentation of our income before income taxes, net income and earnings per share with adjusted measures that exclude the impact of these gains and losses and the related income tax effects. We believe excluding these defined benefit plan gains and losses provides important supplemental information by removing the volatility associated with plan amendments and short-term changes in market interest rates, equity values and similar factors.
During the first quarter of 2022, we amended the UPS Canada Ltd. Retirement Plan to cease future benefit accruals effective December 31, 2023. As a result, we remeasured the plan's assets and benefit obligations as of March 31, 2022, resulting in a curtailment gain of $33 million ($24 million after-tax).
During the first quarter of 2021, we remeasured the UPS/IBT Full Time Employee Pension Plan following enactment into law of the American Rescue Plan Act and recognized a pre-tax mark-to-market gain outside of the 10% corridor of $3.3 billion ($2.5 billion after-tax).
For additional information, refer to note 7 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Results of Operations - Segment Review
The results and discussions that follow are reflective of how management monitors and evaluates the performance of our segments as defined in note 13 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
Certain operating expenses are allocated between our reporting segments using activity-based costing methods. These activity-based costing methods require us to make estimates that impact the amount of each expense category that is attributed to each segment. Changes in these estimates directly impact the amount of expense allocated to each segment and therefore the operating profit of each reporting segment. Our allocation methodologies are refined periodically, as necessary, to reflect changes in our businesses. There were no significant changes to our allocation methodologies in the third quarter or year-to-date periods.
We test goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually at July 1st and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that it is more likely than not that the carrying amount may be impaired.
Testing goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment requires that we make a number of significant assumptions, including assumptions related to future revenues, costs, capital expenditures, working capital and our cost of capital. We also are required to make assumptions relating to our overall business and operating strategy, and the regulatory and market environment. Changes in any of these assumptions could significantly impact the fair value of any one of our reporting units. The projections that we use in our valuation model are updated annually and will change over time based on the historical performance and changing business conditions for each of our reporting units.
Our annual impairment testing of goodwill indicated that the fair value of our recently-acquired Roadie reporting unit remained greater than its carrying value, although this excess was less than 10 percent. The extent to which fair value exceeds carrying value is impacted by changes in the cost of capital, and our ability to successfully integrate and grow the acquired business. The carrying value of goodwill associated with our Roadie reporting unit is $241 million.
There were no events or changes in circumstances during the third quarter of 2022 that would indicate the carrying amount of our goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets may be impaired as of the date of this report. However, future actual results, transactions or other events, or changes in estimates or assumptions, whether due to unexpected impacts on our business, our transformation activities, or the continuing evaluation of our business portfolio, could result in an impairment charge to one of our reporting units or to our indefinite-lived intangible assets in a future period.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
U.S. Domestic Package

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | %
Average Daily Package Volume (in thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Next Day Air | 1,932 |  |  | 1,949 |  |  |  |  | (0.9) | % |  | 1,929 |  |  | 2,010 |  |  |  |  | (4.0) | %
Deferred | 1,341 |  |  | 1,501 |  |  |  |  | (10.7) | % |  | 1,417 |  |  | 1,532 |  |  |  |  | (7.5) | %
Ground | 16,266 |  |  | 16,385 |  |  |  |  | (0.7) | % |  | 16,309 |  |  | 16,689 |  |  |  |  | (2.3) | %
Total Average Daily Package Volume | 19,539 |  |  | 19,835 |  |  |  |  | (1.5) | % |  | 19,655 |  |  | 20,231 |  |  |  |  | (2.8) | %
Average Revenue Per Piece: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Next Day Air | $ | 21.62 |  |  | $ | 19.36 |  |  | $ | 2.26 |  |  | 11.7 | % |  | $ | 21.39 |  |  | $ | 18.76 |  |  | $ | 2.63 |  |  | 14.0 | %
Deferred | 15.28 |  |  | 13.57 |  |  | 1.71 |  |  | 12.6 | % |  | 15.15 |  |  | 13.25 |  |  | 1.90 |  |  | 14.3 | %
Ground | 10.94 |  |  | 10.00 |  |  | 0.94 |  |  | 9.4 | % |  | 10.83 |  |  | 9.89 |  |  | 0.94 |  |  | 9.5 | %
Total Average Revenue Per Piece | $ | 12.29 |  |  | $ | 11.19 |  |  | $ | 1.10 |  |  | 9.8 | % |  | $ | 12.18 |  |  | $ | 11.03 |  |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | 10.4 | %
Operating Days in Period | 64 |  |  | 64 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 192 |  |  | 191 |  |  |  |  |
Revenue (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Next Day Air | $ | 2,673 |  |  | $ | 2,415 |  |  | $ | 258 |  |  | 10.7 | % |  | $ | 7,923 |  |  | $ | 7,202 |  |  | $ | 721 |  |  | 10.0 | %
Deferred | 1,311 |  |  | 1,304 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 0.5 | % |  | 4,123 |  |  | 3,877 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 6.3 | %
Ground | 11,390 |  |  | 10,489 |  |  | 901 |  |  | 8.6 | % |  | 33,911 |  |  | 31,541 |  |  | 2,370 |  |  | 7.5 | %
Total Revenue | $ | 15,374 |  |  | $ | 14,208 |  |  | $ | 1,166 |  |  | 8.2 | % |  | $ | 45,957 |  |  | $ | 42,620 |  |  | $ | 3,337 |  |  | 7.8 | %
Operating Expenses (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses | $ | 13,708 |  |  | $ | 12,801 |  |  | $ | 907 |  |  | 7.1 | % |  | $ | 40,800 |  |  | $ | 38,287 |  |  | $ | 2,513 |  |  | 6.6 | %
Transformation and Other Charges | (20) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (13) |  |  | 185.7 | % |  | (89) |  |  | (219) |  |  | 130 |  |  | (59.4) | %
Adjusted Operating Expense | $ | 13,688 |  |  | $ | 12,794 |  |  | $ | 894 |  |  | 7.0 | % |  | $ | 40,711 |  |  | $ | 38,068 |  |  | $ | 2,643 |  |  | 6.9 | %
Operating Profit (in millions) and Operating Margin: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Profit | $ | 1,666 |  |  | $ | 1,407 |  |  | $ | 259 |  |  | 18.4 | % |  | $ | 5,157 |  |  | $ | 4,333 |  |  | $ | 824 |  |  | 19.0 | %
Adjusted Operating Profit | $ | 1,686 |  |  | $ | 1,414 |  |  | $ | 272 |  |  | 19.2 | % |  | $ | 5,246 |  |  | $ | 4,552 |  |  | $ | 694 |  |  | 15.2 | %
Operating Margin | 10.8 | % |  | 9.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 11.2 | % |  | 10.2 | % |  |  |  |
Adjusted Operating Margin | 11.0 | % |  | 10.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 11.4 | % |  | 10.7 | % |  |  |  |

Revenue
The change in revenue was due to the following factors:

| Volume |  | Rates / Product Mix |  | Fuel Surcharge |  | Total Revenue Change
Revenue Change Drivers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third quarter 2022 vs. 2021 | (1.4) | % |  | 3.8 | % |  | 5.8 | % |  | 8.2 | %
Year to date 2022 vs. 2021 | (2.3) | % |  | 4.6 | % |  | 5.5 | % |  | 7.8 | %

Year to date, revenue also benefited from one additional operating day in the first half of 2022.
Volume
Average daily volume decreased in the third quarter and year to date, driven by a 2.2% decline in residential shipments (down 6.0% year to date). The decline in residential shipments was primarily attributable to terms of contracts with certain large customers, reflecting the continued execution within our strategic framework. This decline was partially offset by growth from SMBs and, during the third quarter, volume from new customers. Business-to-consumer shipments for the quarter and year to date represented approximately 57.2% and 57.3% of average daily volume, respectively, compared to 57.6% and 59.2%, respectively, in 2021.
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Business-to-business shipments decreased 0.5% for the quarter but increased 1.8% year to date. For the quarter, the decline was driven by lower manufacturing volume, partially offset by an increase in retail returns. Year to date, growth was driven by our Ground commercial product as discussed below. Overall, we anticipate average daily volume growth will be negative in the fourth quarter.
Within our Air products, average daily volume decreased for the quarter and year to date due to terms of contracts with certain large customers reflecting the continued execution within our strategic framework, as well as changes in customer behavior.
Within our Ground products, average daily volume decreased for both the quarter and year to date, as declines in Ground residential volume outpaced gains in Ground commercial volume. Ground residential average daily volume decreased 4.3% for the quarter (down 6.6% year to date), driven by contract terms with certain large customers discussed above. During the third quarter, the decline in Ground residential volume was partially offset by an increase in SurePost shipments from both new and existing large retail customers. Year to date, Ground residential and SurePost average daily volumes were negatively impacted by a continuing shift in consumer spending back towards services and in-store shopping. Ground commercial volume increased 0.3% and 2.4% for the quarter and year to date, respectively, driven by heightened returns volume in the quarter and growth from SMBs in the year-to-date period.
Rates and Product Mix
Revenue per piece in our Air and Ground products increased for both the third quarter and year to date, driven by base rate increases and other pricing actions, and favorable changes in customer mix. A shift in product mix slightly offset these increases for the third quarter. Rates for Air and Ground products increased an average of 5.9% in December 2021. In our Next Day Air and Deferred products, revenue per piece growth for the quarter and year to date was slightly negatively impacted by a reduction in average billable weight per piece.
We anticipate continued revenue per piece growth in the fourth quarter of 2022, but expect that it will moderate compared to the first nine months of the year.
Fuel Surcharges
We apply a fuel surcharge on our domestic air and ground services that adjusts weekly. Our air fuel surcharge is based on the U.S. Department of Energy's ("DOE") Gulf Coast spot price for a gallon of kerosene-type fuel, and our ground fuel surcharge is based on the DOE's On-Highway Diesel Fuel price.
Total domestic fuel surcharge revenue increased $823 million in the third quarter (up $2.4 billion year to date), driven by increases in price per gallon and increases in fuel surcharge rates as part of our pricing strategy. We expect fuel surcharge revenue to stabilize at current levels in the fourth quarter.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses, and operating expenses excluding the year-over-year impact of transformation and other charges, increased for both the quarter and year to date. The increase for the year-to-date period includes the impact of one additional operating day. The cost of operating our integrated air and ground network increased $222 million (up $846 million year to date) and pickup and delivery costs increased $459 million (up $1.2 billion year to date). Other indirect operating costs increased $167 million (up $401 million year to date) and package sorting costs increased $46 million (up $148 million year to date). These increases included the following:
•Higher fuel costs, primarily attributable to increases in the price of jet fuel, diesel and gasoline, which we expect to stabilize in the fourth quarter.
•Increases in employee benefits expense for our union workforce, driven by contractual rate increases for contributions to multiemployer benefit plans and higher year-over-year service cost for our company-sponsored pension plans.
•Higher compensation expense due to contractual rate increases, and cost of living and market-rate adjustments for our union workforce, which we expect to persist in the fourth quarter. Management payroll increased due to salary growth and higher incentive-based compensation accruals. These increases were partially offset by lower expenses resulting from a decrease in average daily union labor hours.
•Inflationary pressures that contributed to cost increases in repairs and maintenance and facility operating costs.
These increases were partially offset by declines in purchased transportation costs as we execute within our strategy.
Total cost per piece increased 8.7% for the third quarter (up 9.1% year to date). Excluding the impact of transformation and other charges, adjusted cost per piece increased 8.6% for the third quarter and 9.5% year to date, for the reasons described above. We anticipate that the cost per piece growth rate will moderate in the fourth quarter and remain below the revenue per piece growth rate as we expect our productivity initiatives to continue to help offset rising compensation and benefit costs due to the annual contractual rate increases.
Operating Profit and Margin
As a result of the factors described above, operating profit increased $259 million in the third quarter (up $824 million year to date), with operating margin increasing 90 basis points to 10.8% (up 100 basis points to 11.2% year to date). Excluding the year-over-year impact of transformation and other charges, adjusted operating profit increased $272 million for the quarter (up $694 million year to date), with adjusted operating margin increasing 100 basis points to 11.0% (up 70 basis points to 11.4% year to date).
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
International Package

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | %
Average Daily Package Volume (in thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic | 1,677 |  |  | 1,851 |  |  |  |  | (9.4) | % |  | 1,729 |  |  | 1,943 |  |  |  |  | (11.0) | %
Export | 1,684 |  |  | 1,695 |  |  |  |  | (0.6) | % |  | 1,699 |  |  | 1,746 |  |  |  |  | (2.7) | %
Total Average Daily Package Volume | 3,361 |  |  | 3,546 |  |  |  |  | (5.2) | % |  | 3,428 |  |  | 3,689 |  |  |  |  | (7.1) | %
Average Revenue Per Piece: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic | $ | 7.31 |  |  | $ | 7.19 |  |  | $ | 0.12 |  |  | 1.7 | % |  | $ | 7.43 |  |  | $ | 7.32 |  |  | $ | 0.11 |  |  | 1.5 | %
Export | 34.77 |  |  | 33.56 |  |  | 1.21 |  |  | 3.6 | % |  | 35.26 |  |  | 32.41 |  |  | 2.85 |  |  | 8.8 | %
Total Average Revenue Per Piece | $ | 21.07 |  |  | $ | 19.80 |  |  | $ | 1.27 |  |  | 6.4 | % |  | $ | 21.22 |  |  | $ | 19.19 |  |  | $ | 2.03 |  |  | 10.6 | %
Operating Days in Period | 64 |  |  | 64 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 192 |  |  | 191 |  |  |  |  |
Revenue (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic | $ | 785 |  |  | $ | 852 |  |  | $ | (67) |  |  | (7.9) | % |  | $ | 2,465 |  |  | $ | 2,716 |  |  | $ | (251) |  |  | (9.2) | %
Export | 3,747 |  |  | 3,641 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 2.9 | % |  | 11,501 |  |  | 10,808 |  |  | 693 |  |  | 6.4 | %
Cargo and Other | 267 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 17.6 | % |  | 782 |  |  | 620 |  |  | 162 |  |  | 26.1 | %
Total Revenue | $ | 4,799 |  |  | $ | 4,720 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | 1.7 | % |  | $ | 14,748 |  |  | $ | 14,144 |  |  | $ | 604 |  |  | 4.3 | %
Operating Expenses (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses | $ | 3,802 |  |  | $ | 3,669 |  |  | $ | 133 |  |  | 3.6 | % |  | $ | 11,442 |  |  | $ | 10,824 |  |  | $ | 618 |  |  | 5.7 | %
Transformation and Other Charges | (7) |  |  | (57) |  |  | 50 |  |  | (87.7) | % |  | (22) |  |  | (69) |  |  | 47 |  |  | (68.1) | %
Adjusted Operating Expenses | $ | 3,795 |  |  | $ | 3,612 |  |  | $ | 183 |  |  | 5.1 | % |  | $ | 11,420 |  |  | $ | 10,755 |  |  | $ | 665 |  |  | 6.2 | %
Operating Profit (in millions) and Operating Margin: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Profit | $ | 997 |  |  | $ | 1,051 |  |  | $ | (54) |  |  | (5.1) | % |  | $ | 3,306 |  |  | $ | 3,320 |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  | (0.4) | %
Adjusted Operating Profit | $ | 1,004 |  |  | $ | 1,108 |  |  | $ | (104) |  |  | (9.4) | % |  | $ | 3,328 |  |  | $ | 3,389 |  |  | $ | (61) |  |  | (1.8) | %
Operating Margin | 20.8 | % |  | 22.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 22.4 | % |  | 23.5 | % |  |  |  |
Adjusted Operating Margin | 20.9 | % |  | 23.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 22.6 | % |  | 24.0 | % |  |  |  |
Currency Benefit / (Cost) – (in millions)*: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | (335) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (739) |  |  |
Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  | 253 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 569 |  |  |
Operating Profit |  |  |  |  | $ | (82) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (170) |  |  |
* Net of currency hedging; amount represents the change in currency translation compared to the prior year.

Revenue
The change in revenue was due to the following:

| Volume |  | Rates / Product Mix |  | Fuel Surcharge |  | Currency |  | Total Revenue Change
Revenue Change Drivers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third quarter 2022 vs. 2021 | (5.7) | % |  | 6.8 | % |  | 7.7 | % |  | (7.1) | % |  | 1.7 | %
Year to date 2022 vs. 2021 | (6.7) | % |  | 8.1 | % |  | 8.1 | % |  | (5.2) | % |  | 4.3 | %

Year to date, revenue also benefited from one additional operating day in the first half of 2022.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Volume
Average daily volume decreased for the third quarter and year to date for both domestic and export products. Volume from both large customers and SMBs declined, primarily in the retail and technology sectors. Business-to-consumer volume decreased 10.6% for the quarter (down 18.4% year to date), as challenging global economic conditions, including rising inflation, high energy costs, lockdowns in parts of Asia and geopolitical uncertainty, impacted consumer demand. These factors also impacted business-to-business volume, which decreased 2.9% for the quarter (down 1.7% year to date). We expect year-over-year average daily volume to be lower in the fourth quarter, although the rate of decline should moderate.
For the quarter, Export volume declines were driven by reductions in U.S. exports and the Asia to U.S. trade lane. U.S. exports were negatively impacted by the strength of the U.S. Dollar and lower volumes from large customers. Declines on the Asia to U.S. trade lane were driven by disruptions resulting from lockdowns in China and lower customer demand. These declines were partly offset by growth in the intra-Europe trade lanes as supply chain disruptions eased. Year to date, declines were primarily from the intra-Europe and the Asia to U.S. trade lanes. The intra-Europe declines were driven by overall economic conditions, while the decline in the Asia to U.S. trade lane was primarily driven by the factors impacting the quarterly period.
Our premium Express products experienced a slight volume decline for both the quarter and year to date, primarily driven by lower volume from certain large customers in our Worldwide Express Saver product due to the economic factors discussed above.
Volume for our non-premium export products increased 1.8% for the quarter, driven by growth in our Transborder Standard product within Europe for the reasons discussed above. This growth was slightly offset for the quarter by declines in our Worldwide products, which also drove a 1.7% decline in volume year to date. These declines were driven by an overall reduction in consumer demand.
Domestic volume also declined for the quarter and year to date, with third-quarter declines primarily in Europe as a result of the economic conditions discussed above. Year to date, both Europe and Canada experienced declines in domestic volume, driven by lower residential deliveries as a result of reduced demand.
Rates and Product Mix
In December 2021, we implemented an average 5.9% net increase in base and accessorial rates for international shipments originating in the United States. Rate changes for shipments originating outside the U.S. are made throughout the year and vary by geographic market. Additionally, we continue to apply demand-related surcharges on certain lanes, although we expect these to decrease year over year in the fourth quarter.
Total revenue per piece increased 6.4% for the quarter (up 10.6% year to date), primarily due to fuel surcharges and favorable shifts in customer and product mix. These increases were somewhat offset by unfavorable currency movements. Excluding the impact of currency, revenue per piece increased 14.1% for the quarter (up 16.3% year to date). We expect overall revenue per piece to decrease slightly for the fourth quarter.
Export revenue per piece increased 3.6% for the quarter (up 8.8% year to date) for the reasons described above. Excluding the impact of currency, export revenue per piece increased 9.4% for the quarter (up 13.1% year to date).
Domestic revenue per piece remained relatively flat for the quarter and year to date, as unfavorable currency movements offset growth from the factors described above. Excluding the impact of currency, domestic revenue per piece increased 16.7% for the quarter (up 12.2% year to date).
Fuel Surcharges
The fuel surcharge we apply to international air services originating inside or outside the U.S. is largely indexed to the DOE's Gulf Coast spot price for a gallon of kerosene-type jet fuel. The fuel surcharges for ground services originating outside the U.S. are indexed to fuel prices in the region or country where the shipment originates.
Total international fuel surcharge revenue increased by $298 million for the third quarter (up $1.0 billion year to date), driven primarily by increases in price per gallon as well as changes in fuel surcharge rates as part of our pricing strategy. These increases were slightly offset by unfavorable currency movements and volume declines. We expect fuel surcharges will stabilize at current levels during the fourth quarter.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses, and operating expenses excluding the year-over-year impact of transformation and other charges, increased in both the third quarter and year to date. The increase for the year-to-date period includes the impact of one additional operating day. The costs of operating our integrated international air and ground network increased $343 million for the quarter (up $1.1 billion year to date), primarily due to higher fuel prices, which we expect to persist during the remainder of 2022.
Pickup and delivery costs decreased $86 million for the quarter (down $237 million year to date), other indirect costs decreased $67 million for the quarter (down $171 million year to date) and package sorting costs decreased slightly for the quarter and year to date as inflationary pressures were more than offset by favorable currency movements and volume declines. We expect inflationary pressures will persist for the remainder of the year.
Substantially all of our operations in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine remain suspended, which actions have not had a material impact on us. We are continuing to monitor the evolving impact of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on the global economy and evaluating our long-term strategy in the region.
Operating Profit and Margin
As a result of the factors described above, operating profit decreased $54 million for the third quarter (down $14 million year to date), with operating margin decreasing 150 basis points to 20.8% (down 110 basis points to 22.4% year to date). Excluding the year-over-year impact of transformation and other charges, adjusted operating profit decreased $104 million in the quarter (down $61 million year to date), while adjusted operating margin decreased 260 basis points to 20.9% (down 140 basis points to 22.6% year to date).
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Supply Chain Solutions

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | %
Revenue (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forwarding | $ | 2,162 |  |  | $ | 2,625 |  |  | $ | (463) |  |  | (17.6) | % |  | $ | 7,140 |  |  | $ | 7,006 |  |  | $ | 134 |  |  | 1.9 | %
Logistics | 1,302 |  |  | 1,158 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 12.4 | % |  | 3,843 |  |  | 3,424 |  |  | 419 |  |  | 12.2 | %
Freight | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | 1,064 |  |  | (1,064) |  |  | (100.0) | %
Other | 524 |  |  | 473 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 10.8 | % |  | 1,617 |  |  | 1,258 |  |  | 359 |  |  | 28.5 | %
Total Revenue | $ | 3,988 |  |  | $ | 4,256 |  |  | $ | (268) |  |  | (6.3) | % |  | $ | 12,600 |  |  | $ | 12,752 |  |  | $ | (152) |  |  | (1.2) | %
Operating Expenses (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses | $ | 3,538 |  |  | $ | 3,818 |  |  | $ | (280) |  |  | (7.3) | % |  | $ | 11,164 |  |  | $ | 11,486 |  |  | $ | (322) |  |  | (2.8) | %
Transformation Strategy Costs | (9) |  |  | (10) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (10.0) | % |  | (21) |  |  | (20) |  |  | (1) |  |  | 5.0 | %
Asset Impairment and Divestiture Charges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | (35) |  |  | (100.0) | %
Adjusted Operating Expenses: | $ | 3,529 |  |  | $ | 3,808 |  |  | $ | (279) |  |  | (7.3) | % |  | $ | 11,143 |  |  | $ | 11,501 |  |  | $ | (358) |  |  | (3.1) | %
Operating Profit (in millions) and Operating Margin: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Profit | $ | 450 |  |  | $ | 438 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | 2.7 | % |  | $ | 1,436 |  |  | $ | 1,266 |  |  | $ | 170 |  |  | 13.4 | %
Adjusted Operating Profit | $ | 459 |  |  | $ | 448 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | 2.5 | % |  | $ | 1,457 |  |  | $ | 1,251 |  |  | $ | 206 |  |  | 16.5 | %
Operating Margin | 11.3 | % |  | 10.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 11.4 | % |  | 9.9 | % |  |  |  |
Adjusted Operating Margin | 11.5 | % |  | 10.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 11.6 | % |  | 9.8 | % |  |  |  |
Currency Benefit / (Cost) – (in millions)*: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | (92) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (191) |  |  |
Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  | 99 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 216 |  |  |
Operating Profit |  |  |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  |
* Amount represents the change in currency translation compared to the prior year.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | %
Transformation Strategy Costs (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forwarding | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 9 |  |  | 6 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | 50.0 | %
Logistics | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | N/A |  | 9 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 200.0 | %
Freight | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (100.0) | %
Other | 1 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (9) |  |  | (90.0) | % |  | 3 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (7) |  |  | (70.0) | %
Total Transformation Strategy Costs | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | (10.0) | % |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | 5.0 | %

Revenue
Total revenue for Supply Chain Solutions decreased $268 million in the third quarter (down $152 million year to date) as lower revenue in forwarding and truckload brokerage more than offset growth across many of our other businesses. Year to date, growth in Supply Chain Solutions was offset by the impact of divesting UPS Freight in the second quarter of 2021.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forwarding revenue decreased for the third quarter but increased year to date:
•International airfreight volume and revenue declined in the third quarter, driven by the impact of lockdowns in Asia, lower customer demand and the market rates we charge for services. Year-to-date volume also declined but was fully offset by the impact of elevated market rates and demand-related surcharges in the first quarter.
•Ocean freight forwarding revenue decreased in the third quarter but increased year to date. For the quarter, the declines were driven by lower volume, particularly on the Asia to U.S. lane, and lower market rates. Year to date, these declines were fully offset by elevated market rates driven by market capacity constraints in the first half of 2022.
•Revenue in our truckload brokerage business declined for the quarter and remained relatively flat year to date. The decline in the third quarter was driven by lower volumes and a reduction in market rates. Year to date, volume declines were largely offset by increases in rates as we executed within our strategic framework.
We expect that the market rates we charge for services within all our Forwarding businesses will remain lower during the fourth quarter.
Within Logistics, our healthcare operations experienced strong revenue growth for both the quarter and year to date, driven by pharmaceuticals, clinical trials and lab customers. Revenue in our mail services business increased for both the quarter and year to date, driven by rate increases, a favorable shift in product characteristics and, during the third quarter, volume from new customers. These increases were slightly offset by volume declines in both periods. Our other distribution operations experienced revenue growth for both the quarter and year to date, driven by customer expansion, revenue quality initiatives and strong demand for warehousing services. We expect growth to continue within our Logistics businesses in the fourth quarter.
Revenue from the other businesses within Supply Chain Solutions increased for both the quarter and year to date, driven by rate increases and additional volume from service contracts with the U.S. Postal Service, and from the acquisition of Roadie in the fourth quarter of 2021. Additionally, revenue for services provided to the acquirer of UPS Freight under certain transition services agreements increased for the year-to-date period.
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses in Supply Chain Solutions, and operating expenses excluding the year-over-year impact of transformation and other charges, decreased for the quarter and year to date. This included a decrease of $952 million in the year-to-date period due to the divestiture of UPS Freight in the second quarter of 2021.
Forwarding operating expenses decreased $462 million for the quarter (down $120 million year to date). Declines in the third quarter were driven by a reduction in purchased transportation expense resulting from lower volumes and market rates in truckload brokerage, international airfreight and ocean freight forwarding. Year to date, these decreases were partially offset by elevated rates in all our forwarding businesses during the first of half of 2022.
Logistics operating expenses increased $124 million for the quarter (up $359 million year to date) primarily resulting from increases in compensation and benefits expenses and third-party transportation costs as a result of business growth and inflationary pressures.
Expenses in the other businesses within Supply Chain Solutions increased for the quarter and year to date, largely driven by increased volume from the U.S. Postal Service and the acquisition of Roadie. Transportation and other costs incurred in providing transition services to the acquirer of UPS Freight increased year to date.
Operating Profit and Margin
As a result of the factors described above, operating profit increased $12 million for the quarter (up $170 million year to date), with operating margin increasing 100 basis points to 11.3% (up 150 basis points to 11.4% year to date). Excluding the year-over-year impact of transformation and other charges, adjusted operating profit increased $11 million for the quarter (up $206 million year to date), with adjusted operating margin increasing 100 basis points to 11.5% (up 180 basis points to 11.6% year to date).
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Consolidated Operating Expenses

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | %
Operating Expenses (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits | $ | 11,506 |  |  | $ | 11,148 |  |  | $ | 358 |  |  | 3.2 | % |  | $ | 34,480 |  |  | $ | 33,958 |  |  | $ | 522 |  |  | 1.5 | %
Transformation and Other Charges | (15) |  |  | (33) |  |  | 18 |  |  | (54.5) | % |  | (71) |  |  | (164) |  |  | 93 |  |  | (56.7) | %
Adjusted Compensation and benefits | $ | 11,491 |  |  | $ | 11,115 |  |  | $ | 376 |  |  | 3.4 | % |  | $ | 34,409 |  |  | $ | 33,794 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | 1.8 | %
Repairs and maintenance | $ | 639 |  |  | $ | 619 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | 3.2 | % |  | $ | 1,908 |  |  | $ | 1,837 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | 3.9 | %
Depreciation and amortization | 774 |  |  | 738 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 4.9 | % |  | 2,300 |  |  | 2,199 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 4.6 | %
Purchased transportation | 4,173 |  |  | 4,638 |  |  | (465) |  |  | (10.0) | % |  | 13,158 |  |  | 13,327 |  |  | (169) |  |  | (1.3) | %
Fuel | 1,530 |  |  | 950 |  |  | 580 |  |  | 61.1 | % |  | 4,447 |  |  | 2,672 |  |  | 1,775 |  |  | 66.4 | %
Other occupancy | 427 |  |  | 384 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 11.2 | % |  | 1,338 |  |  | 1,252 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 6.9 | %
Other expenses | 1,999 |  |  | 1,811 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 10.4 | % |  | 5,775 |  |  | 5,352 |  |  | 423 |  |  | 7.9 | %
Total Other expenses | 9,542 |  |  | 9,140 |  |  | 402 |  |  | 4.4 | % |  | 28,926 |  |  | 26,639 |  |  | 2,287 |  |  | 8.6 | %
Transformation and Other Charges | (21) |  |  | (41) |  |  | 20 |  |  | (48.8) | % |  | (61) |  |  | (144) |  |  | 83 |  |  | (57.6) | %
Asset Impairment and Divestiture Charges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | (35) |  |  | (100.0) | %
Adjusted Total Other expenses | $ | 9,521 |  |  | $ | 9,099 |  |  | $ | 422 |  |  | 4.6 | % |  | $ | 28,865 |  |  | $ | 26,530 |  |  | 2,335 |  |  | 8.8 | %
Total Operating Expenses | $ | 21,048 |  |  | $ | 20,288 |  |  | $ | 760 |  |  | 3.7 | % |  | $ | 63,406 |  |  | $ | 60,597 |  |  | $ | 2,809 |  |  | 4.6 | %
Adjusted Total Operating Expenses | $ | 21,012 |  |  | $ | 20,214 |  |  | $ | 798 |  |  | 3.9 | % |  | $ | 63,274 |  |  | $ | 60,324 |  |  | $ | 2,950 |  |  | 4.9 | %
Currency (Benefit) / Cost - (in millions)* |  |  |  |  | $ | (352) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (785) |  |  |
* Amount represents the change in currency translation compared to the prior year. |  |  |  |  |  |

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  |  |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustments to Operating Expenses (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transformation Strategy Costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | (22.2) | % |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | 34.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefits | 8 |  |  | 24 |  |  | (16) |  |  | (66.7) | % |  | 40 |  |  | 141 |  |  | (101) |  |  | (71.6) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other occupancy | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | (3) |  |  | (100.0) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other expenses | 21 |  |  | 41 |  |  | (20) |  |  | (48.8) | % |  | 61 |  |  | 141 |  |  | (80) |  |  | (56.7) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Transformation Strategy Costs | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | (38) |  |  | (51.4) | % |  | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 308 |  |  | $ | (176) |  |  | (57.1) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset Impairment and Divestiture Charges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other gains | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | N/A |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (35) |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | (100.0) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Adjustments to Operating Expenses | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | (38) |  |  | (51.4) | % |  | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 273 |  |  | $ | (141) |  |  | (51.6) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Compensation and Benefits
Total compensation and benefits, and total compensation and benefits excluding the year-over-year impact of transformation and other charges, increased for the quarter and year to date.
Total compensation costs, and total compensation costs excluding transformation and other charges, increased $177 million and $179 million, respectively, for the quarter. For the year-to-date period, total compensation costs and total compensation costs excluding transformation and other charges, increased $107 million and $99 million, respectively. U.S. Domestic direct labor costs increased for both the quarter and year to date, driven by increases in wage rates and cost of living adjustments for our union workforce, as well as additional headcount in our line-haul operations. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in labor hours due to decreases in volume and productivity improvements. Management compensation increased for both the quarter and year to date due to increases in part-time management wages and headcount, and highe r incentive compensation, p artially offset by a reduction i n commissions. Th e divestiture of UPS Freight in the second quarter of 2021 reduced compensation costs for the year-to-date period by $328 million.
Benefits costs increased $181 million for the quarter (up $415 million year to date). Excluding the year-over-year impact of transformation and other charges, adjusted benefits costs increased $197 million for the quarter (up $516 million year to date). The primary drivers were:
•Health and welfare costs increased $38 million for the quarter (up $137 million year to date), driven by increased contributions to multiemployer plans as a result of contractual rate increases, partially offset by a reduction in expense for company-sponsored plans. For the year-to-date period, the divestiture of UPS Freight reduced expense by $65 million.
•Pension and other postretirement benefits costs increased by $85 million for the quarter (up $105 million year to date), due to higher service costs for company-sponsored plans and increased contributions to multiemployer plans as a result of contractually-mandated contribution increases. Year to date, the divestiture of UPS Freight reduced expense by $46 million.
•Vacation, excused absence, payroll taxes and other costs increased $63 million for the quarter (up $194 million year to date), primarily due to wage growth.
Repairs and Maintenance
Expense increased for both the quarter and year to date, due to an increase in planned building maintenance as well as increases in the cost of materials and supplies. We also incurred higher costs for aircraft engine and airframe maintenance in both the quarter and year-to-date periods due to the timing of scheduled maintenance events.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense increased as a result of facility automation and expansion projects coming into service, investments in internally developed software and the amortization of acquired intangible assets.
Purchased Transportation
Third-party transportation expense charged to us by air, ocean and ground carriers decreased for both the quarter and year-to-date periods. The changes were primarily driven by:
•Supply Chain Solutions expense decreased by $387 million for the quarter, resulting from volume declines and lower market rates paid for services in our international air and ocean freight and truckload brokerage businesses. This was partially offset by increases in our logistics operations, including healthcare, driven by business growth. Year to date, Supply Chain Solutions expense decreased by $62 million. The divestiture of UPS Freight resulted in a decrease of $260 million that was partially offset by an increase of $198 million in our forwarding businesses due to elevated market rates in the first half of the year.
•International Package expense decreased by $51 million for the third quarter (down $39 million year to date), as fuel surcharge increases were more than offset by favorable currency movements and lower volumes.
•U.S. Domestic expense decreased $27 million for the third quarter (down $68 million year to date), driven by a reduction in ground volume handled by third-party carriers and network optimization initiatives.
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Fuel
The increase in fuel expense for both the quarter and year-to-date periods was primarily driven by higher prices for jet fuel, diesel and gasoline. Market prices and the manner in which we purchase fuel influence our costs. The majority of our fuel purchases utilize index-based pricing formulas plus or minus a fixed locational/supplier differential. While many of the indices are correlated, each index may respond differently to changes in underlying prices, which in turn can drive variability in our costs.
Other Occupancy
Other occupancy expense increased for both the quarter and year to date as a result of additional operating facilities coming into service, higher utilities costs and increases in rental rates.
Other Expenses
Other expenses, and other expenses excluding the year-over-year impact of transformation and other charges, increased for both the quarter and year to date, primarily as a result of:
•An increase of $45 million for the quarter ($115 million increase year to date) in commissions paid for certain online shipments.
•An increase of $38 million for the quarter ($61 million increase year to date) in self-insured automobile liability expense, driven by increases in the frequency and severity of claims.
•Hosted software application fees and other technology costs increased $26 million in the quarter (up $78 million year to date), in support of ongoing investments in our digital transformation.
•Professional fees increased $34 million in the quarter (up $57 million year to date) as a result of an increase in services provided to various business units.
Other increases for the quarter and year to date included employee-related expenses, payment processing fees and costs to lease and purchase additional vehicles for our network. These increases were partially offset by favorable developments in certain legal and tax contingencies, a reduction in asset impairment charges and a reduction in customer claims.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Other Income and (Expense)
The following table sets forth investment income and other and interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in millions):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | %
Investment Income and Other | $ | 333 |  |  | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | 21.5 | % |  | $ | 981 |  |  | $ | 4,235 |  |  | $ | (3,254) |  |  | (76.8) | %
Defined Benefit Plan (Gains) and Losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | (33) |  |  | (3,290) |  |  | 3,257 |  |  | (99.0) | %
Adjusted Investment Income and Other | $ | 333 |  |  | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | 21.5 | % |  | $ | 948 |  |  | $ | 945 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | 0.3 | %
Interest Expense | (177) |  |  | (177) |  |  | — |  |  | 0.0 | % |  | (522) |  |  | (521) |  |  | (1) |  |  | 0.2 | %
Total Other Income and (Expense) | $ | 156 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | 60.8 | % |  | $ | 459 |  |  | $ | 3,714 |  |  | $ | (3,255) |  |  | (87.6) | %
Adjusted Other Income and (Expense) | $ | 156 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | 60.8 | % |  | $ | 426 |  |  | $ | 424 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 0.5 | %

Investment Income and Other
Investment income and other increased $59 million for the quarter, driven by higher yields on higher average invested balances, changes in the fair value of certain non-current investments and an increase in other pension income partially offset by foreign currency losses.
Year to date, investment income and other decreased $3.3 billion due to year-over-year changes in defined benefit plan adjustments. We recognized a curtailment gain of $33 million dollars in 2022, compared to a $3.3 billion mark-to-market gain in 2021. Excluding the impact of these defined benefit plan gains, adjusted investment income and other increased $3 million, driven by higher yields on higher average invested balances and year-to-date foreign currency gains, that were largely offset by changes in the fair value of certain non-current investments and a decrease in other pension income.
Other pension income increased $12 million for the quarter (down $7 million year to date) due to the following:
•Lower expected returns on pension assets for the quarter and year-to-date periods as a result of a reduction in our rate of return assumption, partially offset by a higher asset base due to contributions and positive asset returns in 2021.
•Pension interest cost was flat for the quarter, due to an increase in projected benefit obligations and changes in demographic assumptions that were offset by the impact of lower discount rates. Interest cost increased year to date, due to the impact of interim remeasurements of certain plans in 2021 on pension benefit obligations and discount rates.
•Prior service cost decreased for the quarter and year-to-date periods as the cost base from certain plan amendments became fully amortized during 2021.
Interest Expense
Interest expense was flat for both the quarter and year-to-date periods as higher effective interest rates on floating rate debt were largely offset by lower average outstanding debt balances. Foreign currency exchange rates also favorably impacted interest expense on foreign currency-denominated debt.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Income Tax Expense
The following table sets forth our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in millions):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | % |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | $ |  | % |
Income Tax Expense | $ | 685 |  |  | $ | 664 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | 3.2 | % |  | $ | 2,263 |  |  | $ | 2,836 |  |  | $ | (573) |  |  | (20.2) | % |
Income Tax Impact of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transformation Strategy Costs | 9 |  |  | 20 |  |  | (11) |  |  | (55.0) | % |  | 31 |  |  | 76 |  |  | (45) |  |  | (59.2) | % |
Asset Impairment and Divestiture Charges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |  | 8 |  |  | (100.0) | % |
Defined Benefit Plan (Gains) and Losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | (9) |  |  | (788) |  |  | 779 |  |  | (98.9) | % |
Adjusted Income Tax Expense | $ | 694 |  |  | $ | 684 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | 1.5 | % |  | $ | 2,285 |  |  | $ | 2,116 |  |  | $ | 169 |  |  | 8.0 | % |
Effective Tax Rate | 21.0 | % |  | 22.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 21.8 | % |  | 22.4 | % |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Effective Tax Rate | 21.0 | % |  | 22.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 21.9 | % |  | 22.0 | % |  |  |  |  |

For additional information on our income tax expense and effective tax rate, see note 16 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of September 30, 2022, we had $11.4 billion in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. We believe that these positions, expected cash from operations, access to commercial paper programs and capital markets and other available liquidity options will be adequate to fund our material short- and long-term cash requirements, including our business operations, planned capital expenditures and pension contributions, transformation strategy costs, debt obligations and planned shareowner returns. We regularly evaluate opportunities to optimize our capital structure, including through issuances of debt to refinance existing debt and to fund operations. We deploy a disciplined and balanced approach to capital allocation, including returns to shareowners through dividends and share repurchases.
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
The following is a summary of the significant sources (uses) of cash from operating activities (in millions):

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Net income | $ | 8,095 |  |  | $ | 9,797 |
Non-cash operating activities (a) | 4,439 |  |  | 1,669 |
Pension and postretirement benefit plan contributions (company-sponsored plans) | (2,106) |  |  | (331) |
Hedge margin receivables and payables | 771 |  |  | 136 |
Income tax receivables and payables | (38) |  |  | 235 |
Changes in working capital and other non-current assets and liabilities | (339) |  |  | 255 |
Other operating activities | (50) |  |  | — |
Net cash from operating activities | $ | 10,772 |  |  | $ | 11,761 |

___________________
(a)Represents depreciation and amortization, gains and losses on derivative transactions and foreign currency exchange, deferred income taxes, allowances for expected credit losses, amortization of operating lease assets, pension and postretirement benefit plan (income) expense, stock compensation expense, changes in casualty self-insurance reserves, goodwill and other asset impairment charges and other non-cash items.
Net cash from operating activities decreased $989 million for the 2022 period, primarily due to:
•Higher contributions to our company-sponsored pension and U.S. postretirement medical benefit plans, driven by $1.9 billion in discretionary contributions to our qualified U.S. pension plans. There were no discretionary contributions to these plans in 2021.
•An unfavorable change in working capital, driven by the timing of payroll and other compensation items and vendor payments, as well as the settlement of duties and taxes on behalf of our customers.
•A reduction in income taxes payable due to the timing of tax payments relative to accruals.
These impacts were partially offset by an increase in our net hedge margin collateral position due to favorable changes in the fair value of derivative contracts used in our currency hedging programs.
As part of our ongoing efforts to improve our working capital efficiency, certain financial institutions offer a Supply Chain Finance ("SCF") program to certain of our suppliers. We agree to commercial terms with our suppliers, including prices, quantities and payment terms, regardless of whether the supplier elects to participate in the SCF program. Suppliers issue invoices to us based on the agreed-upon contractual terms. If they participate in the SCF program, our suppliers, at their sole discretion, determine which invoices, if any, to sell to the financial institutions. Our suppliers’ voluntary inclusion of invoices in the SCF program has no bearing on our payment terms. No guarantees are provided by us under the SCF program. We have no economic interest in a supplier’s decision to participate, and we have no direct financial relationship with the financial institutions, as it relates to the SCF program.
Amounts due to our suppliers that participate in the SCF program are included in Accounts payable in our consolidated balance sheets. We have been informed by the participating financial institutions that as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, suppliers sold them $690 and $462 million, respectively, of our outstanding payment obligations. Amounts due to suppliers that participate in the SCF program may be reflected in cash flows from operating activities or cash flows from investing activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. The amounts settled through the SCF program were approximately $1.3 billion and $953 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
As of September 30, 2022, approximately $3.3 billion of our total worldwide holdings of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities were held by foreign subsidiaries. The amount of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities held by our U.S. and foreign subsidiaries fluctuates throughout the year due to a variety of factors, including the timing of cash receipts and disbursements in the normal course of business. Cash provided by operating activities in the U.S. continues to be our primary source of funds to finance domestic operating needs, capital expenditures, share repurchases, pension contributions and dividend payments to shareowners. All cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities held by foreign subsidiaries are generally available for distribution to the U.S. without any U.S. federal income taxes. Any such distributions may be subject to foreign withholding and U.S. state taxes. When amounts earned by foreign subsidiaries are expected to be indefinitely reinvested, no accrual for taxes is provided.
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Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Our primary sources (uses) of cash from investing activities were as follows (in millions):

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (2,408) |  |  | $ | (1,600) |
Capital Expenditures: |  |  |
Buildings, facilities and plant equipment | $ | (937) |  |  | $ | (1,089) |
Aircraft and parts | (468) |  |  | (706) |
Vehicles | (382) |  |  | (379) |
Information technology | (491) |  |  | (396) |
Total Capital Expenditures | $ | (2,278) |  |  | $ | (2,570) |
Capital Expenditures as a % of revenue | 3.1 | % |  | 3.7 | %
Other Investing Activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from disposal of businesses, property, plant and equipment | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 870 |
Net change in finance receivables | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 28 |
Net (purchases), sales and maturities of marketable securities | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | 60 |
Cash paid for business acquisitions, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired | $ | (106) |  |  | $ | (12) |
Other investing activities | $ | (57) |  |  | $ | 24 |

We have commitments for the purchase of aircraft, vehicles, equipment and real estate to provide for the replacement of existing capacity and anticipated future growth. Future capital spending for anticipated growth and replacement assets will depend on a variety of factors, including economic and industry conditions. Our current investment program anticipates investments in technology initiatives and enhanced network capabilities, including over $1 billion of projects to support our environmental sustainability goals in 2022. It also provides for the maintenance of buildings, facilities and plant equipment and replacement of certain aircraft within our fleet. We currently expect that our capital expenditures will total approximately $5.0 billion in 2022, of which approximately 50 percent will be allocated to expansion projects. Our strategic decision to lease rather than purchase certain facilities drove a reduction in our expected capital expenditures.
Total capital expenditures decreased for the 2022 period, primarily due to:
•Spending on buildings, facilities and plant equipment in our global small package business decreased as supply chain disruptions resulted in delays in certain projects.
•Aircraft expenditures decreased due to fewer payments associated with the delivery of aircraft, slightly offset by increases in contract deposits on open aircraft orders.
•Information technology expenditures increased due to additional deployments of technology equipment and capitalized software projects.
Proceeds from disposal of businesses, property, plant and equipment decreased, driven by the divestiture of UPS Freight for cash proceeds of $848 million in the second quarter of 2021.
Purchases and sales of marketable securities are largely determined by liquidity needs and the periodic rebalancing of investment types, and will fluctuate from period to period.
The increase in cash paid for business acquisitions in 2022 was primarily due to the acquisition of Delivery Solutions and the purchase of additional development areas for The UPS Store relative to the 2021 period. Other investing activities were impacted by changes in our non-current investments, purchase contract deposits and various other items.
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Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Our primary sources (uses) of cash from financing activities were as follows (amounts in millions, except per share data):

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022 |  | 2021
Net cash used in financing activities | $ | (7,475) |  |  | $ | (5,856) |
Share Repurchases: |  |  |
Cash paid to repurchase shares | (2,194) |  |  | (500) |
Number of shares repurchased | (11.6) |  |  | (2.6) |
Shares outstanding at period end | 865 |  |  | 869 |
Dividends: |  |  |
Dividends declared per share | $ | 4.56 |  |  | $ | 3.06 |
Cash paid for dividends | $ | (3,842) |  |  | $ | (2,578) |
Borrowings: |  |  |
Net borrowings (repayments) of debt principal | $ | (1,124) |  |  | $ | (2,613) |
Other Financing Activities: |  |  |
Cash received for common stock issuances | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | 196 |
Other financing activities | $ | (513) |  |  | $ | (361) |
Capitalization: |  |  |
Total debt outstanding at period end | 20,350 |  |  | 22,106 |
Total shareowners’ equity at period end | 16,988 |  |  | 12,057 |
Total capitalization | $ | 37,338 |  |  | $ | 34,163 |

We repurchased 11.6 and 2.6 million shares of class B common stock for $2.2 billion and $500 million under our stock repurchase program during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We anticipate our share repurchases will total at least $3.0 billion for all of 2022. For additional information on our share repurchase activities, see note 12 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
We increased our quarterly cash dividend to $1.52 per share in 2022, compared to $1.02 in 2021. The declaration of dividends is subject to the discretion of the Board and depends on various factors, including our net income, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and other relevant factors.
There were no issuances of debt during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Repayments of debt included our $600 million 2.350% senior notes, our $400 million floating rate senior notes and scheduled principal payments on our finance lease obligations. In the prior year-to-date period, issuances of debt consisted of borrowings under our commercial paper program. Repayments of debt included $2.6 billion of fixed and floating rate senior notes, commercial paper and scheduled principal payments on our finance lease obligations.
As of September 30, 2022, we had $1.0 billion of fixed rate senior notes outstanding that matured this year. We repaid these notes at maturity in October 2022 with cash from operations. We consider the overall fixed and floating interest rate mix of our portfolio and the related overall cost of borrowing when planning for future issuances and non-scheduled repayments of debt.
The amount of commercial paper outstanding fluctuates throughout the year based on daily liquidity needs. As of September 30, 2022 and 2021, we had no outstanding balances under our commercial paper programs.
Cash flows from other financing activities were largely attributable to the repurchase of shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations on vested employee stock awards. Cash outflows for this purpose were $514 and $357 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase was driven by changes in required repurchase amounts.
Except as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, we do not have guarantees or other off-balance sheet financing arrangements, including variable interest entities, which we believe could have a material impact on our financial condition or liquidity.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Sources of Credit
See note 9 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our available credit and the financial covenants that we are subject to as part of our credit agreements.
Contractual Commitments
There have been no material changes to the contractual commitments described in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, except as described below.
Purchase commitments represent contractual agreements to purchase assets, goods or services that are legally binding, including contracts for aircraft, construction of new or expanded facilities and orders for technology equipment and vehicles. We also have commitments related to pending business acquisitions and investments.
The following table summarizes the expected cash outflows to satisfy our total purchase commitments, inclusive of these changes, as of September 30, 2022 (in millions):

Commitment Type | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | After 2026 |  | Total
Purchase Commitments(1) | $ | 2,513 |  |  | $ | 2,405 |  |  | $ | 1,285 |  |  | $ | 959 |  |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 7,467 |
Total | $ | 2,513 |  |  | $ | 2,405 |  |  | $ | 1,285 |  |  | $ | 959 |  |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 7,467 |

(1)Purchase commitments for 2022 include amounts related to pending business acquisitions and investments.
Legal Proceedings and Contingencies
See note 7 and note 11 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements for a discussion of judicial proceedings and other matters arising from the conduct of our business activities, and note 16 for a discussion of income tax related matters.
Collective Bargaining Agreements
Status of Collective Bargaining Agreements
See note 7 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the status of our collective bargaining agreements.
Multiemployer Benefit Plans
See note 7 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our participation in multiemployer benefit plans.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
See note 2 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recently adopted accounting standards.
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Effective
See note 2 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements for a discussion of accounting standards issued, but not yet effective.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Rate Adjustments
From time to time we adjust published rates applicable to our services. These rates, when published, are made available on our website at www.ups.com. We provide the address to our internet site solely for information. We do not intend for this address to be an active link or to otherwise incorporate the contents of any website into this or any other report we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to market risk from changes in certain commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices. All of these market risks arise in the normal course of business, as we do not engage in speculative trading activities. In order to manage the risk arising from these exposures, we utilize a variety of commodity, foreign currency exchange and interest rate forward contracts, options and swaps. A discussion of our accounting policies for derivative instruments and further disclosures are provided in note 15 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
The total net fair value asset (liability) of our derivative financial instruments is summarized in the following table (in millions):

| September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Currency Derivatives | $ | 892 |  |  | $ | 173 |
Interest Rate Derivatives | (5) |  |  | 1 |
| $ | 887 |  |  | $ | 174 |

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had no outstanding commodity hedge positions.
Our market risks, hedging strategies and financial instrument positions as of September 30, 2022 have not materially changed from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. In 2022, we entered into several foreign currency exchange forward contracts on the Euro, British Pound Sterling, Canadian Dollar and Hong Kong Dollar, and had forward contracts expire. The fair value changes between December 31, 2021 and September 30, 2022 in the preceding table are primarily due to interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations between those dates.
The foreign currency exchange forward contracts, swaps and options previously discussed contain an element of risk that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreements; however, we minimize such risk exposures for these instruments by limiting the counterparties to banks and financial institutions that meet established credit guidelines and by monitoring counterparty credit risk to prevent concentrations of credit risk with any single counterparty.
We have agreements with all of our active counterparties (covering all of our derivative positions) containing early termination rights and/or zero threshold bilateral collateral provisions whereby cash is required based on the net fair value of derivatives associated with those counterparties. Events such as a credit rating downgrade (depending on the ultimate rating level) could also allow us to take additional protective measures such as the early termination of trades. As of September 30, 2022, we held cash collateral of $1.0 billion and were not required to post cash collateral with our counterparties under these agreements.
We have not historically incurred, and do not expect to incur in the future, any losses as a result of counterparty default.
The information concerning market risk in Item 7A under the caption “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 is incorporated herein by reference.
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Item 4.Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act")). Based upon, and as of the date of, the evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We continue to monitor and assess the effects of remote work on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.Legal Proceedings
For a discussion of material legal proceedings affecting the Company, see note 11 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Item 1A.Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in Part 1, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and Part II, Item 1A in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022. The occurrence of any of the risks described therein could materially affect us, including impacting our business, financial condition, results of operations, stock price or credit rating, as well as our reputation. These risks are not the only ones we face. We could also be materially adversely affected by other events, factors or uncertainties that are unknown to us, or that we do not currently consider to be material.
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Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(c) A summary of repurchases of our class A and class B common stock during the third quarter of 2022 is as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):

| Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Program |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Program
July 1 - July 31, 2022 | 0.9 |  |  | $ | 183.23 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | $ | 3,096 |
August 1 - August 31, 2022 | 3.2 |  |  | 200.08 |  | 3.2 |  |  | 2,454 |
September 1 - September 30, 2022 | 0.8 |  |  | 190.94 |  | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 2,306 |
Total July 1 - September 30, 2022 | 4.9 |  |  | $ | 195.59 |  |  | 4.9 |  |  |

___________________
(1)Includes shares repurchased through our publicly announced share repurchase programs and shares tendered to pay the exercise price and tax withholding on employee stock options.
In August 2021, the Board of Directors authorized the company to repurchase up to $5.0 billion of class A and class B common stock. We repurchased 4.9 and 11.6 million shares of class B common stock for $951 million and $2.2 billion under this program during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, we had $2.3 billion available under this repurchase authorization. We anticipate our share repurchases will total at least $3.0 billion for all of 2022.
For additional information on our share repurchase activities, see note 12 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
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Item 6. Exhibits

3.1 |  | — |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of United Parcel Service, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Form 8-K filed on May 12, 2010).
3.2 |  | — |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of United Parcel Service, Inc. as of November 17, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K, filed on November 17, 2017).
10.1 |  | — |  | Indenture dated as of September 30, 2022, between UPS and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to F orm S-3 (File No.333-267664), filed on September 30, 2022.
10.2 |  | — |  | Indenture dated as of September 30, 2022, between UPS and Truist Bank, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to Form S-3 (File No.333-267664), filed on September 30, 2022.
31.1 |  | — |  | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | — |  | Certification of the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 |  | — |  | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | — |  | Certification of the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 |  | — |  | The following unaudited financial information from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 is formatted in Inline XBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Statements of Consolidated Income, (iii) the Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) the Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows, and (v) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 |  | — |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File - The cover page from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 is formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. (Registrant)
Date: | November 2, 2022 | By: |  | /s/ BRIAN O. NEWMAN
|  |  |  | Brian O. Newman
|  |  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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