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Table of Contents
United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D.C. 20549
_____________________________________
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024 or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-15451
_____________________________________
United Parcel Service, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 58-2480149
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (IRS Employer Identification No.)
55 Glenlake Parkway N.E. , | Atlanta, | Georgia |  | 30328
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(404) 828-6000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
____________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share |  | UPS |  | New York Stock Exchange
1.625% Senior Notes due 2025 |  | UPS25 |  | New York Stock Exchange
1% Senior Notes due 2028 |  | UPS28 |  | New York Stock Exchange
1.500% Senior Notes due 2032 |  | UPS32 |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

| Large accelerated filer | x | Accelerated filer | ☐
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
There were 126,159,503 Class A shares, and 729,399,444 Class B shares, with a par value of $0.01 per share, outstanding at April 17, 2024.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
| Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements | 1
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 2
| Consolidated Balance Sheets | 2
| Statements of Consolidated Income | 3
| Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 3
| Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows | 4
| Notes to Unaudited, Consolidated Financial Statements | 5
| Note 1—Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies | 5
| Note 2—Recent Accounting Pronouncements | 6
| Note 3—Revenue Recognition | 7
| Note 4—Stock-Based Compensation | 9
| Note 5—Marketable Securities and Non-Current Investments | 11
| Note 6—Property, Plant and Equipment | 14
| Note 7—Employee Benefit Plans | 15
| Note 8—Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 17
| Note 9—Debt and Financing Arrangements | 19
| Note 10—Leases | 21
| Note 11—Legal Proceedings and Contingencies | 24
| Note 12—Shareowners’ Equity | 25
| Note 13—Segment Information | 29
| Note 14—Earnings Per Share | 30
| Note 15—Derivative Instruments and Risk Management | 31
| Note 16—Income Taxes | 35
| Note 17—Transformation Costs | 36
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 37
| Overview | 37
| Supplemental Information - Items Affecting Comparability | 39
| Results of Operations - Segment Review | 41
| U.S. Domestic Package Operations | 42
| International Package Operations | 45
| Supply Chain Solutions Operations | 48
| Consolidated Operating Expenses | 50
| Other Income (Expense) | 53
| Income Tax Expense | 54
| Liquidity and Capital Resources | 55
| Cash Flows From Operating Activities | 55
| Cash Flows From Investing Activities | 56
| Cash Flows From Financing Activities | 57
| Sources of Credit | 58
| Contractual Commitments | 58
| Legal Proceedings and Contingencies | 58
| Collective Bargaining Agreements | 59
| Recent Accounting Pronouncements | 59
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 60
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 61
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 62
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 62
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 63
Item 5. | Other Information | 64
Item 6. | Exhibits | 65

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements
This report, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission contain and in the future may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements other than those of current or historical fact, and all statements accompanied by terms such as “will,” “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “estimate,” “assume,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “target,” “plan,” and similar terms, are intended to be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are made subject to the safe harbor provisions of the federal securities laws pursuant to Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
From time to time, we also include written or oral forward-looking statements in other publicly disclosed materials. Such statements may relate to our intent, belief, forecasts of, or current expectations about our strategic direction, prospects, future results, or future events; they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made. However, caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements because such statements speak only as of the date when made and the future, by its very nature, cannot be predicted with certainty.
Forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or anticipated results. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: changes in general economic conditions in the United States ("U.S.") or internationally; significant competition on a local, regional, national and international basis; changes in our relationships with our significant customers; our ability to attract and retain qualified employees; strikes, work stoppages or slowdowns by our employees; increased or more complex physical or operational security requirements; a significant cybersecurity incident, or increased data protection regulations; our ability to maintain our brand image and corporate reputation; impacts from global climate change; interruptions in or impacts on our business from natural or man-made events or disasters including terrorist attacks, epidemics or pandemics; exposure to changing economic, political, regulatory and social developments in international and emerging markets; our ability to realize the anticipated benefits from acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures or strategic alliances; the effects of changing prices of energy, including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and other fuels, and interruptions in supplies of these commodities; changes in exchange rates or interest rates; our ability to accurately forecast our future capital investment needs; increases in our expenses or funding obligations relating to employee health, retiree health and/or pension benefits; our ability to manage insurance and claims expenses; changes in business strategy, government regulations or economic or market conditions that may result in impairments of our assets; potential additional U.S. or international tax liabilities; increasingly stringent regulations related to climate change; potential claims or litigation related to labor and employment, personal injury, property damage, business practices, environmental liability and other matters; and other risks discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and subsequently filed reports. You should consider the limitations on, and risks associated with, forward-looking statements and not unduly rely on the accuracy of predictions contained in such forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events, circumstances, changes in expectations, or the occurrence of unanticipated events after the date of those statements, except as required by law.
From time to time, we expect to participate in analyst and investor conferences. Materials provided or displayed at those conferences, such as slides and presentations, may be posted on our investor relations website at www.investors.ups.com under the heading "Presentations" when made available. These presentations may contain new material nonpublic information about our company and you are encouraged to monitor this site for any new posts, as we may use this mechanism as a public announcement.
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Item 1. Financial Statements
UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
March 31, 2024 (unaudited) and December 31, 2023 (in millions)

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
ASSETS |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 4,281 |  |  | $ | 3,206 |
Marketable securities | 232 |  |  | 2,866 |
Accounts receivable | 9,698 |  |  | 11,342 |
Less: Allowance for credit losses | (144) |  |  | (126) |
Accounts receivable, net | 9,554 |  |  | 11,216 |
Materials and supplies | 898 |  |  | 935 |
Other current assets | 1,212 |  |  | 1,190 |
Total Current Assets | 16,177 |  |  | 19,413 |
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net | 37,168 |  |  | 36,945 |
Operating Lease Right-Of-Use Assets | 4,223 |  |  | 4,308 |
Goodwill | 4,846 |  |  | 4,872 |
Intangible Assets, Net | 3,308 |  |  | 3,305 |
Deferred Income Tax Assets | 126 |  |  | 126 |
Other Non-Current Assets | 1,780 |  |  | 1,888 |
Total Assets | $ | 67,628 |  |  | $ | 70,857 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREOWNERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |
Current maturities of long-term debt, commercial paper and finance leases | $ | 1,164 |  |  | $ | 3,348 |
Current maturities of operating leases | 694 |  |  | 709 |
Accounts payable | 5,397 |  |  | 6,340 |
Accrued wages and withholdings | 3,217 |  |  | 3,224 |
Self-insurance reserves | 1,325 |  |  | 1,320 |
Accrued group welfare and retirement plan contributions | 1,573 |  |  | 1,479 |
Other current liabilities | 1,326 |  |  | 1,256 |
Total Current Liabilities | 14,696 |  |  | 17,676 |
Long-Term Debt and Finance Leases | 18,849 |  |  | 18,916 |
Non-Current Operating Leases | 3,690 |  |  | 3,756 |
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Obligations | 6,323 |  |  | 6,159 |
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities | 3,825 |  |  | 3,772 |
Other Non-Current Liabilities | 3,312 |  |  | 3,264 |
Shareowners’ Equity: |  |  |
Class A common stock (126 and 127 shares issued in 2024 and 2023, respectively) | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Class B common stock (729 and 726 shares issued in 2024 and 2023, respectively) | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Additional paid-in capital | — |  |  | — |
Retained earnings | 20,681 |  |  | 21,055 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (3,781) |  |  | (3,758) |
Deferred compensation obligations | 6 |  |  | 9 |
Less: Treasury stock (0.1 and 0.2 shares in 2024 and 2023, respectively) | (6) |  |  | (9) |
Total Equity for Controlling Interests | 16,909 |  |  | 17,306 |
Noncontrolling interests | 24 |  |  | 8 |
Total Shareowners’ Equity | 16,933 |  |  | 17,314 |
Total Liabilities and Shareowners’ Equity | $ | 67,628 |  |  | $ | 70,857 |

See notes to unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED INCOME
(In millions, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 21,706 |  |  | $ | 22,925 |
Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits |  |  |  |  | 11,639 |  |  | 11,464 |
Repairs and maintenance |  |  |  |  | 718 |  |  | 725 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | 898 |  |  | 834 |
Purchased transportation |  |  |  |  | 3,246 |  |  | 3,541 |
Fuel |  |  |  |  | 1,060 |  |  | 1,271 |
Other occupancy |  |  |  |  | 564 |  |  | 551 |
Other expenses |  |  |  |  | 1,968 |  |  | 1,998 |
Total Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  | 20,093 |  |  | 20,384 |
Operating Profit |  |  |  |  | 1,613 |  |  | 2,541 |
Other Income (Expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment income and other |  |  |  |  | 118 |  |  | 169 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  | (195) |  |  | (188) |
Total Other Income (Expense) |  |  |  |  | (77) |  |  | (19) |
Income Before Income Taxes |  |  |  |  | 1,536 |  |  | 2,522 |
Income Tax Expense |  |  |  |  | 423 |  |  | 627 |
Net Income |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,113 |  |  | $ | 1,895 |
Basic Earnings Per Share |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.30 |  |  | $ | 2.20 |
Diluted Earnings Per Share |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.30 |  |  | $ | 2.19 |

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In millions)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Net Income | $ | 1,113 |  |  | $ | 1,895 |  |  |  |  |
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax | (125) |  |  | 118 |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax | (1) |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges, net of tax | 73 |  |  | (77) |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs, net of tax | 30 |  |  | 20 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive Income | $ | 1,090 |  |  | $ | 1,963 |  |  |  |  |

See notes to unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 1,113 |  |  | $ | 1,895 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 898 |  |  | 834 |
Pension and postretirement benefit expense | 259 |  |  | 243 |
Pension and postretirement benefit contributions | (50) |  |  | (1,277) |
Self-insurance reserves | 27 |  |  | (20) |
Deferred tax (benefit) expense | 22 |  |  | 56 |
Stock compensation expense | (27) |  |  | 126 |
Other (gains) losses | 129 |  |  | (13) |
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of business acquisitions: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 1,492 |  |  | 2,254 |
Other assets | 55 |  |  | 62 |
Accounts payable | (799) |  |  | (1,668) |
Accrued wages and withholdings | 12 |  |  | (508) |
Other liabilities | 185 |  |  | 405 |
Other operating activities | — |  |  | (32) |
Net cash from operating activities | 3,316 |  |  | 2,357 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (1,035) |  |  | (609) |
Proceeds from disposal of businesses, property, plant and equipment | 13 |  |  | 5 |
Purchases of marketable securities | (50) |  |  | (2,371) |
Sales and maturities of marketable securities | 2,696 |  |  | 1,179 |
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (44) |  |  | (34) |
Other investing activities | (14) |  |  | 17 |
Net cash (used in) from investing activities | 1,566 |  |  | (1,813) |
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: |  |  |
Net change in short-term debt | (1,272) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from long-term borrowings | — |  |  | 2,503 |
Repayments of long-term borrowings | (926) |  |  | (65) |
Purchases of common stock | — |  |  | (751) |
Issuances of common stock | 54 |  |  | 49 |
Dividends | (1,348) |  |  | (1,348) |
Other financing activities | (174) |  |  | (384) |
Net cash (used in) from financing activities | (3,666) |  |  | 4 |
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash | (48) |  |  | 40 |
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash | 1,168 |  |  | 588 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash: |  |  |
Beginning of period | 3,206 |  |  | 5,602 |
End of period | $ | 4,374 |  |  | $ | 6,190 |

See notes to unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited, consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. These unaudited, consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary to present fairly our financial position as of March 31, 2024 and our results of operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The results reported in these unaudited, consolidated financial statements should not be regarded as indicative of results that may be expected for any other period or the entire year. The unaudited, consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited, consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, finance receivables and accounts payable approximated fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The fair values of our marketable securities are disclosed in note 5, our recognized multiemployer pension withdrawal liabilities in note 7, our short- and long-term debt in note 9 and our derivative instruments in note 15. We apply a fair value hierarchy (Levels 1, 2 and 3) when measuring and reporting items at fair value. Fair values are based on listed market prices (Level 1), when such prices are available. To the extent that listed market prices are not available, fair value is determined based on other relevant factors, including dealer price quotations (Level 2). If listed market prices or other relevant factors are not available, inputs are developed from unobservable data reflecting our own assumptions and include situations where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability (Level 3).
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the accompanying unaudited, consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingencies at the date of these financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Although our estimates contemplate current and expected future conditions, as applicable, it is reasonably possible that actual conditions could differ from our expectations, which could materially affect our results of operations and financial position. As a result, our accounting estimates and assumptions may change significantly over time.
Supplier Finance Programs
As part of our working capital management, certain financial institutions offer a Supply Chain Finance ("SCF") program to certain of our suppliers. We agree to commercial terms with our suppliers, including prices, quantities and payment terms, regardless of whether the supplier elects to participate in the SCF program. Suppliers issue invoices to us based on the agreed-upon contractual terms. If they participate in the SCF program, our suppliers, at their sole discretion, determine which invoices, if any, to sell to the financial institutions. Our suppliers’ voluntary inclusion of invoices in the SCF program has no bearing on our payment terms. No guarantees are provided by us under the SCF program. We have no economic interest in a supplier’s decision to participate, and we have no direct financial relationship with the financial institutions, as it relates to the SCF program.
Amounts due to our suppliers that participate in the SCF program are included in Accounts payable in our consolidated balance sheets. We have been informed by the participating financial institutions that as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, suppliers sold them $406 and $504 million, respectively, of our outstanding payment obligations.
Restricted cash
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $93 and $37 million, respectively of restricted cash. As of March 31, 2024, this restricted cash is included in Other Non-Current Assets in our consolidated balance sheet and is included in Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in our statement of consolidated cash flows. The restricted cash primarily relates to cash we have agreed to deposit in connection with a challenge by Italian tax authorities to the deductibility of Value Added Tax payments by UPS to certain third-party service providers, a review of which was launched in the fourth quarter of 2023. We are cooperating in this matter and believe that we have a number of meritorious defenses.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 2. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
Accounting pronouncements adopted during the periods covered by the unaudited, consolidated financial statements did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows or internal controls.
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Effective
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") on segment reporting, which will require new disclosures, including significant segment expenses and additional qualitative information about how segment measures are used by management. The standard becomes effective for us beginning with our 2024 annual reporting and for both annual and interim periods thereafter. We are evaluating the impact of this ASU on our disclosures. We will be required to define significant segment expense categories and we anticipate providing additional qualitative information in accordance with this ASU. We do not expect this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In December 2023, the FASB issued an ASU to enhance tax-related disclosures. This update will require more standardized categories for tax rate reconciliation and additional detail for significant tax items. It will also require a breakdown of income taxes paid by jurisdiction exceeding 5% of total taxes and remove certain disclosure requirements for unremitted foreign earnings and uncertain tax positions. The standard becomes effective for us in the first quarter of 2025. We are evaluating its impact on our financial statements, disclosures and internal controls but do not expect this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows or internal controls.
Other accounting pronouncements issued before, but not effective until after, March 31, 2024, are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows or internal controls.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 3. REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue Recognition
Substantially all of our revenues are from contracts associated with the pickup, transportation and delivery of packages and freight ("transportation services"). These services may be carried out by or arranged by us and generally occur over a short period of time. Additionally, we provide value-added logistics services to customers through our global network of distribution centers and field stocking locations.
The vast majority of our contracts with customers are for transportation services that include only one performance obligation; the transportation services themselves. We generally recognize revenue over time, based on the extent of progress towards completion of the services in the contract. All of our major businesses act as a principal in their revenue arrangements and as such, we report revenue and the associated purchased transportation costs on a gross basis within our statements of consolidated income.
Disaggregation of Revenue

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Next Day Air |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,316 |  |  | $ | 2,461 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  | 1,156 |  |  | 1,194 |
Ground |  |  |  |  | 10,762 |  |  | 11,332 |
U.S. Domestic Package |  |  |  |  | 14,234 |  |  | 14,987 |
Domestic |  |  |  |  | 758 |  |  | 794 |
Export |  |  |  |  | 3,350 |  |  | 3,552 |
Cargo & Other |  |  |  |  | 148 |  |  | 197 |
International Package |  |  |  |  | 4,256 |  |  | 4,543 |
Forwarding |  |  |  |  | 1,280 |  |  | 1,514 |
Logistics |  |  |  |  | 1,542 |  |  | 1,410 |
Other |  |  |  |  | 394 |  |  | 471 |
Supply Chain Solutions |  |  |  |  | 3,216 |  |  | 3,395 |
Consolidated revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 21,706 |  |  | $ | 22,925 |

Contract Assets and Liabilities
Contract assets include billed and unbilled amounts resulting from in-transit shipments, as we have an unconditional right to payment only when services have been completed (i.e. shipments have been delivered). Amounts do not exceed their net realizable value. Contract assets are generally classified as current and the full balance is converted each quarter based on the short-term nature of the transactions.
Contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue as well as deferred revenue. Advance payments and billings in excess of revenue represent payments received from our customers that will be earned over the contract term. Deferred revenue represents the amount due from customers related to in-transit shipments that has not yet been recognized as revenue based on our selected measure of progress. We classify advance payments and billings in excess of revenue as either current or long-term, depending on the period over which the amount will be earned. We classify deferred revenue as current based on the short-term nature of the transactions. Our contract assets and liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. In order to determine revenue recognized in the period from contract liabilities, we first allocate revenue to the individual contract liability balance outstanding at the beginning of the period until the revenue exceeds that deferred revenue balance.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Contract assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows (in millions):

|  | Balance Sheet Location |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Contract Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue related to in-transit packages |  | Other current assets |  | $ | 269 |  |  | $ | 237 |
Contract Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term advance payments from customers |  | Other current liabilities |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 20 |
Long-term advance payments from customers |  | Other non-current liabilities |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 25 |

Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable, net, include amounts billed and currently due from customers. The amounts due are stated at their net estimated realizable value. Losses on accounts receivable are recognized when reasonable and supportable forecasts affect the expected collectability. This requires us to make our best estimate of the current expected losses inherent in our accounts receivable at each balance sheet date. This estimate requires consideration of historical loss experience, adjusted for current conditions, forward looking indicators, trends in customer payment frequency and judgments about the probable effects of relevant observable data, including present and future economic conditions and the financial health of specific customers and market sectors. Our risk management process includes standards and policies for reviewing major account exposures and concentrations of risk.
Our allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $144 and $126 million, respectively. Amounts for credit losses charged to expense, before recoveries, during each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were $73 and $43 million, respectively.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 4. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
We issue share-based awards under various incentive compensation plans, including non-qualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and stock units ("RSUs") and restricted performance shares and performance units ("RPUs", collectively with RSUs, "Restricted Units"). Upon vesting, Restricted Units result in the issuance of the equivalent number of UPS class A common shares after required tax withholdings. Dividends earned on Restricted Units are reinvested in additional Restricted Units at each dividend payable date until conversion to class A shares occurs.
Our primary equity compensation programs are the UPS Long-Term Incentive Performance Award program (the "LTIP") and the UPS Stock Option program. We also grant Restricted Units to our Board of Directors (the "Board") as a component of their annual compensation and, from time to time, to individual employees as a retention mechanism. We also maintain an employee stock purchase plan which allows eligible employees to purchase shares of UPS class A common stock at a discount.
Pre-tax compensation expense for stock compensation awards recognized in Compensation and benefits in the statements of consolidated income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $(27) and $126 million, respectively.
Management Incentive Award Program
The UPS Management Incentive Program (the "MIP") is an incentive-based compensation program, with awards based on annual Company performance. MIP awards are paid in cash, unless a participant elects to receive all or a portion of the award in unrestricted shares of class A common stock. As of March 31, 2024, the MIP was classified as a compensation obligation within Accrued wages and withholdings in our consolidated balance sheet.
Long-Term Incentive Performance Program
RPUs issued under the LTIP vest at the end of a three-year performance period, subject to continued employment with the Company (except in the case of death, disability or retirement, in which case immediate vesting occurs on a prorated basis). The actual number of RPUs earned is based on achievement of the performance targets established on the grant date.
The performance targets are equally weighted between adjusted earnings per share and cumulative free cash flow. The final number of RPUs earned will then be subject to adjustment based on total shareholder return relative to the Standard & Poor's 500 Index. We determine the grant date fair value of the RPUs using a Monte Carlo model and recognize compensation expense (less estimated forfeitures) ratably over the vesting period, based on the number of awards expected to be earned.
Based on the date of the Compensation and Human Capital Committee of the Board's approval of the 2024 LTIP award performance targets, we determined March 20, 2024 to be the award measurement date and each target RPU awarded was valued at $158.16.
The weighted-average assumptions used and the weighted-average fair values of the LTIP awards granted in 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

| 2024 |  | 2023 |
Risk-free interest rate | 4.45 | % |  | 3.81 | % |
Expected volatility | 27.00 | % |  | 30.30 | % |
Weighted-average fair value of units granted | $ | 158.16 |  |  | $ | 200.01 |  |
Share payout | 102.20 | % |  | 107.80 | % |

There is no expected dividend yield as units earn dividend equivalents.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Non-Qualified Stock Options
We grant non-qualified stock options to a limited group of eligible senior management employees under the UPS Stock Option program. Stock option awards vest over a five-year period with approximately 20% of the award vesting at each anniversary of the grant date (except in the case of death, disability or retirement, in which case immediate vesting occurs). The option grants expire 10 years after the date of the grant. On March 20, 2024, we granted 0.2 million stock options at an exercise price of $154.76, the New York Stock Exchange closing price on that date.
The fair value of each option granted is estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted-average assumptions used and the weighted-average fair values of options granted in 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

| 2024 |  | 2023
Expected dividend yield | 3.96 | % |  | 3.54 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 4.25 | % |  | 3.70 | %
Expected life (in years) | 6.13 |  | 5.93
Expected volatility | 28.94 | % |  | 28.31 | %
Weighted-average fair value of options granted | $ | 34.76 |  |  | $ | 41.08 |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 5. MARKETABLE SECURITIES AND NON-CURRENT INVESTMENTS
The following is a summary of marketable securities classified as trading and available for sale as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in millions):

| Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
March 31, 2024: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current trading marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |
Total trading marketable securities | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Current available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency debt securities | 200 |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | 198 |
Mortgage and asset-backed debt securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Corporate debt securities | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | 31 |
Non-U.S. government debt securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total available-for-sale marketable securities | 232 |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | 229 |
Total current marketable securities | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | 232 |
| Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
December 31, 2023: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current trading marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |
Total trading marketable securities | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Current available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency debt securities | 963 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 961 |
Mortgage and asset-backed debt securities | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Corporate debt securities | 1,891 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 1,891 |
Non-U.S. government debt securities | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Total available-for-sale marketable securities | 2,864 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (8) |  |  | 2,862 |
Total current marketable securities | $ | 2,868 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | 2,866 |

Investment Impairments
We have concluded that no material impairment losses existed within marketable securities as of March 31, 2024. In making this determination, we considered the financial condition and prospects of each issuer, the magnitude of the losses compared with the cost, the probability that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the security, the credit rating of the security and our ability and intent to hold these investments until the anticipated recovery in market value occurs.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Maturity Information
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of marketable securities as of March 31, 2024 by contractual maturity are shown below (in millions). Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

| Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 69 |
Due after one year through three years | 162 |  |  | 160 |
Due after three years through five years | — |  |  | — |
Due after five years | — |  |  | — |
| 232 |  |  | 229 |
Equity securities | 3 |  |  | 3 |
| $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 232 |

Non-Current Investments
We hold non-current investments that are reported within Other Non-Current Assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Cash paid for these investments is included in Other investing activities in our statements of consolidated cash flows.
•Equity method investments: As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, equity securities accounted for under the equity method had a carrying value of $293 and $295 million, respectively.
•Other equity securities: Certain equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are reported in accordance with the measurement alternative in ASC Topic 321 Investments - Equity Securities. Equity securities accounted for under the measurement alternative had a carrying value of $47 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
•Other investments: We hold an investment in a variable life insurance policy to fund benefits for the UPS Excess Coordinating Benefit Plan. The investment had a fair market value of $19 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Fair Value Measurements
Marketable securities valued utilizing Level 1 inputs include active exchange-traded equity securities and equity index funds, and most U.S. government debt securities, as these securities all have quoted prices in active markets. Marketable securities valued utilizing Level 2 inputs include asset-backed securities, corporate bonds and municipal bonds. These securities are valued using market corroborated pricing, matrix pricing or other models that utilize observable inputs such as yield curves.
The following table presents information about our investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value (in millions):

| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
March 31, 2024: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency debt securities | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 198 |
Mortgage and asset-backed debt securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Equity securities | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Non-U.S. government debt securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total marketable securities | 198 |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  | 232 |
Other non-current investments(1) | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |
Total | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 251 |

(1) Represents a variable life insurance policy funding benefits for the UPS Excess Coordinating Benefit Plan.

| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
December 31, 2023: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency debt securities | $ | 961 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 961 |
Mortgage and asset-backed debt securities | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 1,891 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,891 |
Equity securities | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Non-U.S. government debt securities | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Total marketable securities | 961 |  |  | 1,905 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,866 |
Other non-current investments(1) | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |
Total | $ | 961 |  |  | $ | 1,924 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,885 |

(1) Represents a variable life insurance policy funding benefits for the UPS Excess Coordinating Benefit Plan.
There were no transfers of investments into or out of Level 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 6. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in millions):

| 2024 |  | 2023
Vehicles | $ | 11,970 |  |  | $ | 11,768 |
Aircraft | 23,117 |  |  | 22,888 |
Land | 2,129 |  |  | 2,138 |
Buildings | 6,282 |  |  | 6,255 |
Building and leasehold improvements | 5,295 |  |  | 5,241 |
Plant equipment | 18,109 |  |  | 17,322 |
Technology equipment | 2,677 |  |  | 2,656 |
Construction-in-progress | 2,634 |  |  | 3,247 |
| 72,213 |  |  | 71,515 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (35,045) |  |  | (34,570) |
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net | $ | 37,168 |  |  | $ | 36,945 |

Property, plant and equipment purchased on account was $204 and $309 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
There were no material impairment charges for the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 7. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Company-Sponsored Benefit Plans
Information about the net periodic benefit cost for our company-sponsored pension and postretirement benefit plans for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (in millions):

| U.S. Pension Benefits |  | U.S. Postretirement Medical Benefits |  | International Pension Benefits
2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Three Months Ended March 31: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 293 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Interest cost | 644 |  |  | 627 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 17 |
Expected return on assets | (771) |  |  | (742) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (21) |  |  | (21) |
Amortization of prior service cost | 38 |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 221 |  |  | $ | 205 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 7 |

The components of net periodic benefit cost other than current service cost are presented within Investment income and other in the statements of consolidated income.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we contributed $19 million and $31 million to our company-sponsored pension and U.S. postretirement medical benefit plans, respectively. We expect to contribute approximately $87 million over the remainder of the year to our U.S. postretirement medical benefit plans.
Multiemployer Benefit Plans
We contribute to a number of multiemployer defined benefit and health and welfare plans under the terms of collective bargaining agreements that cover our union-represented employees. Our current collective bargaining agreements set forth the annual contribution increases allotted to the plans that we participate in, and we are in compliance with these contribution rates. These limitations on annual contribution rates will remain in effect throughout the terms of the existing collective bargaining agreements.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $811 and $813 million, respectively, recorded in Other Non-Current Liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets and $9 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 recorded in Other current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets associated with our previous withdrawal from the New England Teamsters and Trucking Industry Pension Fund. This liability is payable in equal monthly installments over a remaining term of approximately 39 years. Based on the borrowing rates currently available to us for long-term financing of a similar maturity, the fair value of this withdrawal liability as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $685 and $710 million, respectively. We utilized Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy of valuation techniques to determine the fair value of this liability.
UPS was a contributing employer to the Central States Pension Fund (“CSPF”) until 2007, at which time UPS withdrew from the CSPF. Under a collective bargaining agreement with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (“IBT”), UPS agreed to provide coordinating benefits in the UPS/IBT Full Time Employee Pension Plan (“UPS/IBT Plan”) for UPS participants whose last employer was UPS and who had not retired as of January 1, 2008 (“the UPS Transfer Group”) in the event that benefits are reduced by the CSPF consistent with the terms of our withdrawal agreement with the CSPF. Under this agreement, benefits to the UPS Transfer Group cannot be reduced without our consent and can only be reduced in accordance with law.
Subsequent to our withdrawal, the CSPF incurred extensive asset losses and indicated that it was projected to become insolvent. In such event, the CSPF benefits would be reduced to the legally permitted Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation ("PBGC") limits, triggering the coordinating benefits provision in the collective bargaining agreement.
In 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act ("ARPA") was enacted into law. The ARPA contains provisions that allow for qualifying multiemployer pension plans to apply for special financial assistance ("SFA") from the PBGC, which will be funded by the U.S. government. Following SFA approval, a qualifying multiemployer pension plan will receive a lump sum payment to enable it to continue paying unreduced pension benefits through 2051. The multiemployer plan is not obligated to repay the SFA. The ARPA is intended to prevent both the PBGC and certain financially distressed multiemployer pension plans, including the CSPF, from becoming insolvent through 2051. The CSPF submitted an application for SFA that was approved in December 2022. In January 2023, $35.8 billion was paid to the CSPF by the PBGC.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We account for the potential obligation to pay coordinating benefits under ASC Topic 715, which requires us to provide a best estimate of various actuarial assumptions in measuring our pension benefit obligation at the December 31 measurement date. As of December 31, 2023, our best estimate of coordinating benefits that may be required to be paid by the UPS/IBT Plan after SFA funds have been exhausted was immaterial.
The value of our estimate for future coordinating benefits will continue to be influenced by a number of factors, including interpretations of the ARPA, future legislative actions, actuarial assumptions and the ability of the CSPF to sustain its long-term commitments. Actual events may result in a change in our best estimate of the projected benefit obligation. We will continue to assess the impact of these uncertainties in accordance with ASC Topic 715.
Collective Bargaining Agreements
We have approximately 310,000 employees in the U.S. employed under a national master agreement and various supplemental agreements with local unions affiliated with the Teamsters. These agreements are scheduled to expire on July 31, 2028.
We have approximately 10,000 employees in Canada employed under a collective bargaining agreement with the Teamsters which runs through July 31, 2025.
We have approximately 3,300 pilots who are employed under a collective bargaining agreement with the Independent Pilots Association. This collective bargaining agreement becomes amendable September 1, 2025.
We have approximately 1,900 airline mechanics who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement with Teamsters Local 2727 which becomes amendable November 1, 2026. In addition, approximately 3,000 of our auto and maintenance mechanics who are not employed under agreements with the Teamsters are employed under collective bargaining agreements with the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers. These collective bargaining agreements run through July 31, 2024.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following table indicates the allocation of goodwill as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in millions):

| U.S. Domestic Package |  | International Package |  | Supply Chain Solutions |  | Consolidated
December 31, 2023: | $ | 847 |  |  | $ | 503 |  |  | $ | 3,522 |  |  | $ | 4,872 |
Acquired | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |
Currency / Other | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | (27) |  |  | (34) |
March 31, 2024: | $ | 847 |  |  | $ | 496 |  |  | $ | 3,503 |  |  | $ | 4,846 |

Changes in goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2024 resulted from:
•An increase in goodwill of $8 million, as part of purchase accounting allocations relating to our acquisitions of MNX Global Logistics and Happy Returns in the fourth quarter of 2023. Certain areas of purchase accounting, including our estimates of tax positions, remain preliminary as of March 31, 2024.
•The remaining movements are due to the impact of changes in the value of the U.S. Dollar on the translation of non-U.S. Dollar goodwill balances.
As of March 31, 2024, none of our reporting units had indications that an impairment was more likely than not. Approximately $1.5 billion of our consolidated goodwill balance of $4.8 billion is represented by our Global Freight Forwarding, our truckload brokerage ("Coyote") and Roadie reporting units which, based on our quarterly monitoring, are exhibiting a limited excess of fair value above carrying value and reflect a greater risk of an impairment occurring in future periods. We do not expect any impairment would have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Actual reporting unit performance, revisions to our forecasts of future performance, market factors, changes in estimates or assumptions in connection with our annual testing, or a combination thereof could result in an impairment charge in one or more of our reporting units during a future period. We continue to monitor business performance and external factors affecting our reporting units.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following is a summary of intangible assets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in millions):

| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Value
March 31, 2024: |  |  |  |  |
Capitalized software | $ | 5,923 |  |  | $ | (4,007) |  |  | $ | 1,916 |
Licenses | 45 |  |  | (13) |  |  | 32 |
Franchise rights | 332 |  |  | (48) |  |  | 284 |
Customer relationships | 1,114 |  |  | (537) |  |  | 577 |
Trade name | 112 |  |  | (19) |  |  | 93 |
Trademarks, patents and other | 377 |  |  | (64) |  |  | 313 |
Amortizable intangible assets | $ | 7,903 |  |  | $ | (4,688) |  |  | $ | 3,215 |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets | 93 |  |  | — |  |  | 93 |
Total Intangible Assets, Net | $ | 7,996 |  |  | $ | (4,688) |  |  | $ | 3,308 |
December 31, 2023: |  |  |  |  |
Capitalized software | $ | 5,839 |  |  | $ | (3,900) |  |  | $ | 1,939 |
Licenses | 30 |  |  | (7) |  |  | 23 |
Franchise rights | 291 |  |  | (49) |  |  | 242 |
Customer relationships | 1,115 |  |  | (516) |  |  | 599 |
Trade name | 172 |  |  | (30) |  |  | 142 |
Trademarks, patents and other | 320 |  |  | (53) |  |  | 267 |
Amortizable intangible assets | $ | 7,767 |  |  | $ | (4,555) |  |  | $ | 3,212 |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets | 93 |  |  | — |  |  | 93 |
Total Intangible Assets, Net | $ | 7,860 |  |  | $ | (4,555) |  |  | $ | 3,305 |

A trade name and licenses with carrying values of $89 and $4 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2024 are deemed to be indefinite-lived intangible assets, and therefore are not amortized.
As of March 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the indefinite-lived trade name associated with Coyote remained greater than its carrying value by less than 10 percent. The carrying value of this trade name is $89 million. Our truckload brokerage business continues to be negatively impacted by market conditions, which has resulted in revenue declines. We continue to monitor business performance and external factors affecting our valuation assumptions for this trade name. There were no events or changes in circumstances as of March 31, 2024 that would indicate the carrying amounts of our indefinite-lived intangible assets may be impaired as of the date of this report.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded impairment charges related to finite-lived intangible assets of $48 million ($35 million after tax, or $0.04 per diluted share) within Other Expenses in our statement of consolidated income. These charges represented capitalized software license impairments of $7 million and a $41 million charge to write down the value of certain trade names acquired as part of our acquisition of Bomi Group as we consolidate our brands. There were no impairment charges for finite-lived intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 9. DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
The carrying value of our outstanding debt obligations as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in millions):

| Principal Amount |  |  |  | Carrying Value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Maturity |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial paper | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,172 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-rate senior notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.800% senior notes | 500 |  |  | 2024 |  | 500 |  |  | 499 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.200% senior notes | 400 |  |  | 2024 |  | 400 |  |  | 400 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.900% senior notes | 1,000 |  |  | 2025 |  | 999 |  |  | 999 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.400% senior notes | 500 |  |  | 2026 |  | 499 |  |  | 499 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.050% senior notes | 1,000 |  |  | 2027 |  | 996 |  |  | 996 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.400% senior notes | 750 |  |  | 2029 |  | 747 |  |  | 747 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.500% senior notes | 400 |  |  | 2029 |  | 398 |  |  | 398 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
4.450% senior notes | 750 |  |  | 2030 |  | 745 |  |  | 745 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
4.875% senior notes | 900 |  |  | 2033 |  | 895 |  |  | 894 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
6.200% senior notes | 1,500 |  |  | 2038 |  | 1,485 |  |  | 1,485 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
5.200% senior notes | 500 |  |  | 2040 |  | 494 |  |  | 494 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
4.875% senior notes | 500 |  |  | 2040 |  | 491 |  |  | 491 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.625% senior notes | 375 |  |  | 2042 |  | 369 |  |  | 369 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.400% senior notes | 500 |  |  | 2046 |  | 492 |  |  | 492 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.750% senior notes | 1,150 |  |  | 2047 |  | 1,138 |  |  | 1,138 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
4.250% senior notes | 750 |  |  | 2049 |  | 743 |  |  | 743 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.400% senior notes | 700 |  |  | 2049 |  | 689 |  |  | 689 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
5.300% senior notes | 1,250 |  |  | 2050 |  | 1,232 |  |  | 1,232 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
5.050% senior notes | 1,100 |  |  | 2053 |  | 1,083 |  |  | 1,083 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating-rate senior notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating-rate senior notes | 1,562 |  |  | 2049-2073 |  | 1,544 |  |  | 1,545 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debentures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
7.620% debentures | 276 |  |  | 2030 |  | 280 |  |  | 280 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pound Sterling notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
5.500% notes | 84 |  |  | 2031 |  | 83 |  |  | 84 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
5.125% notes | 574 |  |  | 2050 |  | 546 |  |  | 550 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Euro senior notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1.625% senior notes | 755 |  |  | 2025 |  | 754 |  |  | 774 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1.000% senior notes | 539 |  |  | 2028 |  | 537 |  |  | 551 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1.500% senior notes | 539 |  |  | 2032 |  | 537 |  |  | 551 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canadian senior notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.125% senior notes | 554 |  |  | 2024 |  | 554 |  |  | 566 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance lease obligations (see note 10) | 460 |  |  | 2024-2046 |  | 460 |  |  | 472 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Facility notes and bonds | 320 |  |  | 2029-2045 |  | 320 |  |  | 320 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other debt | 3 |  |  | 2024-2025 |  | 3 |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total debt | $ | 20,191 |  |  |  |  | 20,013 |  |  | 22,264 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less: current maturities |  |  |  |  | (1,164) |  |  | (3,348) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  |  |  | $ | 18,849 |  |  | $ | 18,916 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Commercial Paper
We are authorized to borrow up to $10.0 billion under a U.S. commercial paper program and €5.0 billion (in a variety of currencies) under a European commercial paper program. There was no commercial paper outstanding as of March 31, 2024. The amount of commercial paper outstanding under these programs in 2024 is expected to fluctuate.
Debt Classification
We have classified certain floating-rate senior notes that are redeemable at the option of the note holder as long-term debt in our consolidated balance sheets, due to our intent and ability to refinance the debt if the put option is exercised. As of March 31, 2024, we continued to classify our 2.200% senior notes with a principal balance of $400 million that mature in September 2024 as long-term debt in our consolidated balance sheet due to our intent and ability to refinance the debt.
Sources of Credit
We maintain two credit agreements with a consortium of banks. The first of these agreements provides revolving credit facilities of $1.0 billion, and expires on December 3, 2024. Amounts outstanding under this agreement bear interest at a periodic fixed rate equal to the term SOFR rate, plus 0.10% per annum and an applicable margin based on our then-current credit rating. The applicable margin from the credit pricing grid as of March 31, 2024 was 0.70%. Alternatively, a fluctuating rate of interest equal to the highest of (1) the rate of interest last quoted by The Wall Street Journal as the prime rate in the United States; (2) the Federal Funds effective rate plus 0.50%; or (3) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%, may be used at our discretion.
The second agreement provides revolving credit facilities of $2.0 billion, and expires on December 7, 2026. Amounts outstanding under this facility bear interest at a periodic fixed rate equal to the term SOFR rate plus 0.10% per annum and an applicable margin based on our then-current credit rating. The applicable margin from the credit pricing grid as of March 31, 2024 was 0.875%. Alternatively, a fluctuating rate of interest equal to the highest of (1) the rate of interest last quoted by The Wall Street Journal as the prime rate in the United States; (2) the Federal Funds effective rate plus 0.50%; or (3) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin, may be used at our discretion.
If the credit ratings established by Standard & Poor's and Moody's differ, the higher rating will be used, except in cases where the lower rating is two or more levels lower. In these circumstances, the rating one step below the higher rating will be used. We are also able to request advances under these facilities based on competitive bids for the applicable interest rate.
There were no amounts outstanding under these facilities as of March 31, 2024.
Debt Covenants
Our existing debt instruments and credit facilities subject us to certain financial covenants. As of March 31, 2024, and for all prior periods presented, we have satisfied these financial covenants. These covenants limit the amount of secured indebtedness that we may incur, and limit the amount of attributable debt in sale-leaseback transactions, to 10% of net tangible assets. As of March 31, 2024, 10% of net tangible assets was equivalent to $4.5 billion and we had no covered sale-leaseback transactions or secured indebtedness outstanding. We do not expect these covenants to have a material impact on our liquidity.
Fair Value of Debt
Based on the borrowing rates currently available to us for long-term debt with similar terms and maturities, the fair value of long-term debt, including current maturities, was approximately $19.4 and $22.1 billion as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. We utilized Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy of valuation techniques to determine the fair value of all of our debt instruments.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 10. LEASES
We have finance and operating leases for real estate (primarily package centers, airport facilities and warehouses), aircraft and engines, information technology equipment, vehicles and various other equipment used in operating our business. Certain leases for real estate and aircraft contain options to purchase, extend or terminate the lease.
Aircraft
In addition to the aircraft that we own, we charter aircraft to handle package and cargo volume on certain international trade lanes and domestic routes. Due to the nature of these agreements, primarily being that either party can cancel the agreement with short notice, we have classified these as short-term leases. A majority of our long-term aircraft operating leases are operated by a third party to handle package and cargo volume in geographic regions where, due to government regulations, we are restricted from operating an airline.
Transportation equipment and other equipment
We enter into both long-term and short-term leases for transportation equipment to supplement our capacity or meet contractual demands. Some of these assets are leased on a month-to-month basis and the leases can be terminated without penalty. We also enter into equipment leases to increase capacity during periods of high demand. These leases are treated as short-term as the cumulative right of use is less than 12 months over the term of the contract.
Some of our transportation and technology equipment leases require us to make additional lease payments based on the underlying usage of the assets. Due to the variable nature of these costs, these are expensed as incurred and are not included in the right of use lease asset and associated lease obligation.
The components of lease expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (in millions):

| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Operating lease costs | $ | 231 |  |  | $ | 207 |  |  |  |  |
Finance lease costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of assets | 35 |  |  | 29 |  |  |  |  |
Interest on lease liabilities | 5 |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  |
Total finance lease costs | 40 |  |  | 33 |  |  |  |  |
Variable lease costs | 76 |  |  | 72 |  |  |  |  |
Short-term lease costs | 199 |  |  | 277 |  |  |  |  |
Total lease costs(1) | $ | 546 |  |  | $ | 589 |  |  |  |  |
(1) This table excludes sublease income as it was not material for the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

In addition to the lease costs disclosed in the table above, we monitor all lease categories for any indicators that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. There were no material lease impairments recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Supplemental information related to leases and location within our consolidated balance sheets is as follows (in millions, except lease term and discount rate):

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Operating Leases: |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 4,223 |  |  | $ | 4,308 |
Current maturities of operating leases | $ | 694 |  |  | $ | 709 |
Non-current operating leases | 3,690 |  |  | 3,756 |
Total operating lease obligations | $ | 4,384 |  |  | $ | 4,465 |
Finance Leases: |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 727 |  |  | $ | 856 |
Current maturities of long-term debt, commercial paper and finance leases | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 104 |
Long-term debt and finance leases | 352 |  |  | 368 |
Total finance lease obligations | $ | 460 |  |  | $ | 472 |
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years): |  |  |
Operating leases | 10.7 |  | 10.8
Finance leases | 7.2 |  | 7.4
Weighted average discount rate: |  |  |
Operating leases | 3.30 | % |  | 3.20 | %
Finance leases | 3.91 | % |  | 3.88 | %

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows (in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of obligations: |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 227 |  |  | $ | 212 |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | 3 |  |  | 1 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | 26 |  |  | 48 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: |  |  |
Operating leases | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 498 |
Finance leases | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 30 |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Maturities of lease obligations as of March 31, 2024 were as follows (in millions):

| Finance Leases |  | Operating Leases
2024 | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 609 |
2025 | 102 |  |  | 807 |
2026 | 77 |  |  | 697 |
2027 | 47 |  |  | 596 |
2028 | 41 |  |  | 449 |
Thereafter | 173 |  |  | 2,102 |
Total lease payments | 541 |  |  | 5,260 |
Less: Imputed interest | (81) |  |  | (876) |
Total lease obligations | 460 |  |  | 4,384 |
Less: Current obligations | (108) |  |  | (694) |
Long-term lease obligations | $ | 352 |  |  | $ | 3,690 |

As of March 31, 2024, we had $720 million of additional leases which had not commenced. These leases will commence later in 2024 or in 2025 when we are granted access to the property, such as when leasehold improvements are completed by the lessor or a certificate of occupancy is obtained.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 11. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND CONTINGENCIES
We are involved in a number of judicial proceedings and other matters arising from the conduct of our business.
Although there can be no assurances as to the ultimate outcome, we have generally denied, or believe we have meritorious defenses and will deny, liability in pending matters, including (except as may be otherwise noted herein) the matters described below, and we intend to vigorously defend each matter. We accrue amounts associated with judicial proceedings and other contingencies when and to the extent a loss becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated. The actual costs of resolving legal proceedings may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts accrued on those claims.
For matters as to which we are not able to estimate a possible loss or range of losses, we are not able to determine whether any such loss will have a material impact on our operations or financial condition. For these matters, we have described the reasons that we are unable to estimate a possible loss or range of losses.
Judicial Proceedings
We are a defendant in a number of lawsuits filed in state and federal courts containing various class action allegations under state wage-and-hour laws. We do not believe that any loss associated with any such matter will have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
In July 2023, Baker v. United Parcel Service, Inc. (DE) and United Parcel Service, Inc. (OH) was certified as a class action in federal court in the Eastern District of Washington. The plaintiff in this matter alleges that UPS violated the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act. We are vigorously defending ourselves in this matter and believe that we have a number of meritorious defenses, and there are unresolved questions of law and fact that could be important to the ultimate resolution of this matter. Accordingly, we are not able to estimate a possible loss or range of loss that may result from this matter or to determine whether such loss, if any, would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
Other Matters
In August 2016, Spain’s National Markets and Competition Commission ("CNMC") announced an investigation into 10 companies in the commercial delivery and parcel industry, including UPS, related to alleged nonaggression agreements to allocate customers. In May 2017, we received a Statement of Objections issued by the CNMC. In July 2017, we received a Proposed Decision from the CNMC. In March 2018, the CNMC adopted a final decision, finding an infringement and imposing an immaterial fine on UPS. We appealed the decision. In December 2022, a trial court ruled against us. We have filed an appeal before the Spanish Supreme Court. We are vigorously defending ourselves and believe that we have a number of meritorious defenses. There are also unresolved questions of law that could be important to the ultimate resolution of this matter. We do not believe that any loss from this matter would have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") has been investigating our controls and practices surrounding impairment analyses in connection with the sale of UPS Freight in April 2021. Such analysis led to a non-cash goodwill impairment charge being recorded during the quarter ended December 31, 2020. Since March 2024, when the SEC staff informed the Company that it disagreed with the timing of the impairment, the Company has been discussing with the SEC staff the possibility of reaching a negotiated resolution. Although the Company cannot predict the ultimate outcome of the investigation with certainty, it believes the resolution of the SEC investigation will not have a material effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. An accrual representing our best estimate of the impact of this regulatory matter is included in our consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2024.
We are a party to various other matters that arose in the normal course of business. These include disputes with government authorities in various jurisdictions over the imposition of duties, fines, taxes and assessments from time to time. We are vigorously defending ourselves and believe that we have a number of meritorious defenses in these disputes. There are also unresolved questions of law that could be important to the ultimate resolution of these disputes. Accordingly, we are not able to estimate a possible loss or range of losses that may result from these disputes or to determine whether such losses, if any, would have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
We do not believe that the eventual resolution of any other matters (either individually or in the aggregate), including any reasonably possible losses in excess of current accruals, will have a material impact on our operations or financial condition.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 12. SHAREOWNERS' EQUITY
Capital Stock, Additional Paid-In Capital, Retained Earnings and Non-Controlling Interests
We are authorized to issue two classes of common stock, which are distinguished from each other primarily by their respective voting rights. Class A shares of UPS are entitled to 10 votes per share, whereas class B shares are entitled to one vote per share. Class A shares are primarily held by UPS employees and retirees, as well as trusts and descendants of the Company's founders, and these shares are fully convertible into class B shares at any time. Class B shares are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "UPS". Class A and B shares both have a $0.01 par value, and as of March 31, 2024, there were 4.6 billion class A shares and 5.6 billion class B shares authorized to be issued. Additionally, there are 200 million preferred shares authorized to be issued, with a par value of $0.01 per share. As of March 31, 2024, no preferred shares had been issued.
The following is a rollforward of our common stock, additional paid-in capital, retained earnings and non-controlling interests accounts for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in millions, except per share amounts):

Three Months Ended March 31: | 2024 |  | 2023
| Shares |  | Dollars |  | Shares |  | Dollars
Class A Common Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | 127 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 134 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Stock award plans | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Common stock issuances | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Conversions of class A to class B common stock | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |
Class A shares issued at end of period | 126 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 135 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Class B Common Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | 726 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | 725 |  |  | $ | 7 |
Common stock purchases | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |
Conversions of class A to class B common stock | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Class B shares issued at end of period | 729 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | 724 |  |  | $ | 7 |
Additional Paid-In Capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
Stock award plans |  |  | (118) |  |  |  |  | 345 |
Common stock purchases |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (492) |
Common stock issuances |  |  | 118 |  |  |  |  | 147 |
Balance at end of period |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
Retained Earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  |  | $ | 21,055 |  |  |  |  | $ | 21,326 |
Net income attributable to controlling interests |  |  | 1,113 |  |  |  |  | 1,895 |
Dividends ($1.63 and $1.62 per share) (1) |  |  | (1,414) |  |  |  |  | (1,453) |
Common stock purchases |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (258) |
Other (2) |  |  | (73) |  |  |  |  | — |
Balance at end of period |  |  | $ | 20,681 |  |  |  |  | $ | 21,510 |
Non-Controlling Interests: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  |  |  | $ | 17 |
Change in non-controlling interest |  |  | 16 |  |  |  |  | (2) |
Balance at end of period |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  |  |  | $ | 15 |
(1) The dividend per share amount is the same for both class A and class B common stock. Dividends include $66 and $105 million as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, that were settled in shares of class A common stock. (2) Includes adjustments related to certain stock-based awards.

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We did not repurchase any shares under our share repurchase program during the three months ended March 31, 2024. We repurchased 4.1 million shares of class B common stock for $750 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023. These repurchases were completed as follows:
•In August 2021, the Board of Directors authorized the company to repurchase up to $5.0 billion of class A and class B common stock (the "2021 Authorization"). For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we repurchased 0.5 million shares of class B common stock for $82 million under this authorization.
•In January 2023, the Board of Directors terminated the 2021 Authorization and approved a new share repurchase authorization for $5.0 billion of class A and class B common stock (the "2023 Authorization"). For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we repurchased 3.6 million shares for $668 million under the 2023 Authorization.
As of March 31, 2024, we had $2.8 billion available under the 2023 Authorization. We do not currently anticipate any share repurchases in 2024.
Future share repurchases may be in the form of accelerated share repurchase programs, open market purchases or other methods we deem appropriate. The timing of share repurchases will depend upon market conditions. Unless terminated earlier by the Board of Directors, this program will expire when we have purchased all shares authorized for repurchase under the program.
Movements in additional paid-in capital in respect of stock award plans comprise accruals for unvested awards, offset by adjustments for awards that vest during the period.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
We recognize activity in other comprehensive income (loss) for foreign currency translation adjustments, unrealized holding gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, unrealized gains and losses from derivatives that qualify as hedges of cash flows and unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs. The activity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was as follows (in millions):

Three Months Ended March 31: | 2024 |  | 2023
Foreign Currency Translation Gain (Loss), Net of Tax: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | (1,248) |  |  | $ | (1,446) |
Translation adjustment (net of tax effect of $6 and $(15)) | (125) |  |  | 115 |
Reclassification to earnings (net of tax effect of $0 and $0) | — |  |  | 3 |
Balance at end of period | (1,373) |  |  | (1,328) |
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Marketable Securities, Net of Tax: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | (2) |  |  | (11) |
Current period changes in fair value (net of tax effect of $0 and $1) | (1) |  |  | 5 |
Reclassification to earnings (net of tax effect of $0 and $1) | — |  |  | 2 |
Balance at end of period | (3) |  |  | (4) |
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges, Net of Tax: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | (76) |  |  | 167 |
Current period changes in fair value (net of tax effect of $33 and $(8)) | 103 |  |  | (26) |
Reclassification to earnings (net of tax effect of $(10) and $(16)) | (30) |  |  | (51) |
Balance at end of period | (3) |  |  | 90 |
Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs, Net of Tax: |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | (2,432) |  |  | (259) |
Reclassification to earnings (net of tax effect of $8 and $7) | 30 |  |  | 20 |
Balance at end of period | (2,402) |  |  | (239) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at end of period | $ | (3,781) |  |  | $ | (1,481) |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Detail of the gains (losses) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to the statements of consolidated income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows (in millions):

| Amount Reclassified from AOCI(1) |  | Affected Line Item in the Income Statement
Three Months Ended March 31: | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Foreign Currency Translation: |  |  |  |  |
Realized gain (loss) on business wind-down | $ | — |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | Other expenses
Income tax (expense) benefit | — |  |  | — |  |  | Income tax expense
Impact on net income | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | Net income
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Marketable Securities: |  |  |  |  |
Realized gain (loss) on sale of securities | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | Investment income and other
Income tax (expense) benefit | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | Income tax expense
Impact on net income | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | Net income
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | (1) |  |  | (1) |  |  | Interest expense
Foreign currency exchange contracts | 41 |  |  | 68 |  |  | Revenue
Income tax (expense) benefit | (10) |  |  | (16) |  |  | Income tax expense
Impact on net income | 30 |  |  | 51 |  |  | Net income
Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs: |  |  |  |  |
Prior service costs | (38) |  |  | (27) |  |  | Investment income and other
Income tax (expense) benefit | 8 |  |  | 7 |  |  | Income tax expense
Impact on net income | (30) |  |  | (20) |  |  | Net income
Total amount reclassified for the period | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | Net income
(1) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Deferred Compensation Obligations and Treasury Stock
We maintain a deferred compensation plan whereby certain employees were previously able to elect to defer the gains on stock option exercises by deferring the shares received upon exercise into a rabbi trust. The shares held in this trust are classified as treasury stock, and the liability to participating employees is classified as a deferred compensation obligation within Shareowners’ Equity in the consolidated balance sheets. The number of shares needed to settle the liability for deferred compensation obligations is included in the denominator in both the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations. Employees are generally no longer able to defer the gains from stock options exercised.
Activity in the deferred compensation program for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was as follows (in millions):

| 2024 |  | 2023
Three Months Ended March 31: | Shares |  | Dollars |  | Shares |  | Dollars
Deferred Compensation Obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  |  |  | $ | 13 |
Reinvested dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Benefit payments |  |  | (3) |  |  |  |  | (4) |
Balance at end of period |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  |  |  | $ | 9 |
Treasury Stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | — |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | (13) |
Reinvested dividends | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Benefit payments | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Balance at end of period | — |  |  | $ | (6) |  |  | — |  |  | $ | (9) |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 13. SEGMENT INFORMATION
We have two reportable segments: U.S. Domestic Package and International Package, which are together referred to as our global small package operations. Our remaining businesses are reported as Supply Chain Solutions. Global small package operations represent our most significant business. Supply Chain Solutions comprises the results of non-reportable operating segments that do not meet the quantitative and qualitative criteria of a reportable segment as defined under ASC Topic 280 – Segment Reporting.
U.S. Domestic Package
U.S. Domestic Package operations include the time-definite delivery of letters, documents and packages throughout the United States.
International Package
International Package operations include delivery to more than 200 countries and territories worldwide, including shipments wholly outside the United States, as well as shipments with either origin or destination outside the United States. International Package includes our operations in Europe, the Indian sub-continent, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"), Canada and Latin America (together "Americas") and Asia.
Supply Chain Solutions
Supply Chain Solutions includes our Forwarding, Logistics, digital and other businesses. Our Forwarding and Logistics businesses provide services in more than 200 countries and territories worldwide and include international air and ocean freight forwarding, truckload brokerage, customs brokerage, mail services, healthcare logistics, distribution and post-sales services. Our digital businesses leverage technology to enable a range of on-demand services such as same-day delivery, end-to-end return services and integrated supply chain and high-value shipment insurance solutions.
In evaluating financial performance, we focus on operating profit as a segment’s measure of profit or loss. Operating profit is before investment income and other, interest expense and income tax expense. Certain expenses are allocated between the segments using activity-based costing methods. These activity-based costing methods require us to make estimates that impact the amount of each expense category that is attributed to each segment. Changes in these estimates directly impact the amount of expense allocated to each segment, and therefore the operating profit of each reporting segment. Our allocation methodologies are refined periodically, as necessary, to reflect changes in our businesses. There were no significant changes to our allocation methodologies in the first quarter of 2024.
Results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue: |  |  |
U.S. Domestic Package | $ | 14,234 |  |  | $ | 14,987 |
International Package | 4,256 |  |  | 4,543 |
Supply Chain Solutions | 3,216 |  |  | 3,395 |
Consolidated revenue | $ | 21,706 |  |  | $ | 22,925 |
Operating Profit: |  |  |
U.S. Domestic Package | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | 1,466 |
International Package | 656 |  |  | 828 |
Supply Chain Solutions | 132 |  |  | 247 |
Consolidated operating profit | $ | 1,613 |  |  | $ | 2,541 |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 14. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The earnings per share amounts are the same for class A and class B common shares as the holders of each class are legally entitled to equal per-share distributions whether through dividends or in liquidation.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in millions, except per share amounts):

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to common shareowners |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,113 |  |  | $ | 1,895 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares |  |  |  |  | 853 |  |  | 858 |
Vested portion of restricted shares |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Denominator for basic earnings per share |  |  |  |  | 856 |  |  | 862 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted performance units |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Stock options |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Denominator for diluted earnings per share |  |  |  |  | 857 |  |  | 865 |
Basic earnings per share(1) |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.30 |  |  | $ | 2.20 |
Diluted earnings per share(1) |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.30 |  |  | $ | 2.19 |

(1) Earnings per share is computed using unrounded amounts.
Diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 excluded the effect of 0.5 and 0.2 million shares of common stock, respectively, that may be issued upon the exercise of employee stock options because such effect would be antidilutive.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 15. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk Management Policies
Changes in fuel prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates impact our results of operations and we actively monitor these exposures. Where deemed appropriate, to manage the impact of these exposures on earnings and/or cash flows, we may enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Credit Risk Management
The forward contracts, swaps and options discussed below contain an element of risk that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreements. We seek to minimize such risk exposures for these instruments by limiting the counterparties to banks and financial institutions that meet established credit guidelines. We may further manage credit risk through the use of bilateral collateral provisions and/or early termination rights utilizing master netting arrangements, whereby cash is exchanged based on the net fair value of derivatives associated with each counterparty. The majority of these arrangements require exchange of collateral when positions exceed $250 million.
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we held cash collateral of $82 and $103 million, respectively, under these agreements. This collateral is included in Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets and is unrestricted. As of March 31, 2024, no collateral was required to be posted with our counterparties. As of December 31, 2023, we were required to post $13 million with our counterparties.
Types of Hedges
Commodity Risk Management
Currently, the fuel surcharges that we apply in our domestic and international package businesses are the primary means of reducing the risk of adverse fuel price changes on our business. In order to mitigate the impact of fuel surcharges imposed on us by outside carriers, we regularly adjust the rates we charge for our freight brokerage services.
Foreign Currency Risk Management
To protect against the reduction in value of forecasted foreign currency cash flows from our international package business, we maintain a foreign currency cash flow hedging program. Our most significant foreign currency exposures relate to the Euro, British Pound Sterling, Canadian Dollar, Chinese Renminbi and Hong Kong Dollar. We generally designate and account for these contracts as cash flow hedges of anticipated foreign currency denominated revenue.
We may also hedge portions of our anticipated cash settlements of principal and interest on certain foreign currency denominated debt. We generally designate and account for these contracts as cash flow hedges of forecasted foreign currency denominated transactions.
We hedge our net investment in certain foreign operations with foreign currency denominated debt instruments.
Interest Rate Risk Management
We may use a combination of derivative instruments to manage the fixed and floating interest rate mix of our total debt portfolio and related overall cost of borrowing.
We generally designate and account for interest rate swaps that convert fixed-rate interest payments into floating-rate interest payments as fair value hedges of the associated debt instruments. We designate and account for interest rate swaps that convert floating-rate interest payments into fixed-rate interest payments as cash flow hedges of the forecasted payment obligations.
We may periodically hedge the forecasted fixed-coupon interest payments associated with anticipated debt offerings by using forward starting interest rate swaps, interest rate locks or similar derivatives.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Outstanding Positions
As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the notional amounts of our outstanding derivative positions were as follows (in millions):

|  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Currency hedges: |  |  |  |
Euro | EUR | 4,381 |  |  | 4,408 |
British Pound Sterling | GBP | 716 |  |  | 663 |
Canadian Dollar | CAD | 1,725 |  |  | 1,550 |
Hong Kong Dollar | HKD | 3,715 |  |  | 1,822 |

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had no outstanding commodity hedge positions.
Balance Sheet Recognition
The following table indicates the location in the consolidated balance sheets where our derivative assets and liabilities have been recognized, the fair value hierarchy level applicable to each derivative type and the related fair values of those derivatives.
We have master netting arrangements with substantially all of our counterparties giving us the right of offset for our derivative positions. However, we have not elected to offset the fair value positions of our derivative contracts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets. The columns labeled Net Amounts if Right of Offset had been Applied indicate the potential net fair value positions by type of contract and location in the consolidated balance sheets had we elected to apply the right of offset as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in millions):

|  |  |  | Fair Value Hierarchy Level |  | Gross Amounts Presented in Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Net Amounts if Right of Offset had been Applied
Asset Derivatives |  | Balance Sheet Location |  |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Derivatives designated as hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other current assets |  | Level 2 |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 73 |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other non-current assets |  | Level 2 |  | 72 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 19 |
Derivatives not designated as hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other current assets |  | Level 2 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Asset Derivatives |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | 162 |  |  | $ | 92 |

|  |  |  | Fair Value Hierarchy Level |  | Gross Amounts Presented in Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | Net Amounts if Right of Offset had been Applied
Liability Derivatives |  | Balance Sheet Location |  |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Derivatives designated as hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other current liabilities |  | Level 2 |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other non-current liabilities |  | Level 2 |  | 23 |  |  | 65 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |
Derivatives not designated as hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Other non-current liabilities |  | Level 2 |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Total Liability Derivatives |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 26 |

Our foreign currency exchange rate derivatives are largely comprised of over-the-counter derivatives, which are primarily valued using pricing models that rely on market observable inputs such as yield curves, foreign currency exchange rates and investment forward prices; therefore, these derivatives are classified as Level 2.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Balance Sheet Location of Hedged Item in Fair Value Hedges
The following table indicates the amounts that were recorded in the consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in millions):

Line Item in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Which the Hedged Item is Included |  | Carrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities |  | Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedge Adjustments |  | Carrying Amount of Hedged Liabilities |  | Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedge Adjustments
| March 31, 2024 |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2023
Long-term debt and finance leases |  | $ | 280 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 280 |  |  | $ | 4 |

Income Statement and AOCI Recognition of Designated Hedges
The following table indicates the amount of gains (losses) that have been recognized in the statements of consolidated income for fair value and cash flow hedges, as well as the associated gain (loss) for the underlying hedged item for fair value hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in millions):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| Revenue |  | Interest Expense |  | Investment Income and Other |  | Revenue |  | Interest Expense |  | Investment Income and Other
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |
Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income |  | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 68 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total amounts of income and expense line items presented in the statement of income in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | — |

The following table indicates the amount of gains (losses) that have been recognized in AOCI for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 for those derivatives designated as cash flow hedges (in millions):

Three Months Ended March 31: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative Instruments in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | 136 |  |  | (34) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | (34) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

As of March 31, 2024, there were $106 million of pre-tax gains related to cash flow hedges deferred in AOCI that are expected to be reclassified to income over the 12-month period ending March 31, 2025. The actual amounts that will be reclassified to income over the next 12 months will vary from this amount as a result of changes in market conditions. The maximum term over which we are hedging exposures to the variability of cash flows is approximately 3 years.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table indicates the amount of gains (losses) that have been recognized in AOCI within foreign currency translation adjustment for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 for those instruments designated as net investment hedges (in millions):

Three Months Ended March 31: |  |  |  |
Non-derivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Debt
| 2024 |  | 2023
Foreign currency denominated debt |  | $ | 66 |  |  | $ | (73) |
Total |  | $ | 66 |  |  | $ | (73) |

Income Statement Recognition of Non-Designated Derivative Instruments
Derivative instruments that are not designated as hedges are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in earnings each period. Cash flows from the settlement of derivative instruments appear in the statements of consolidated cash flows within the same categories as the cash flows of the hedged item.
We may periodically terminate interest rate swaps and foreign currency exchange forward contracts or enter into offsetting swap and foreign currency positions with different counterparties. As part of this process, we de-designate our original hedge relationship.
Amounts recorded in the statements of consolidated income related to fair value changes and settlements of foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in millions) were as follows:

Derivative Instruments Not Designated in Hedging Relationships |  | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
|  | 2024 |  | 2023
Three Months Ended March 31: |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | Investment income and other |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | 4 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | 4 |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 16. INCOME TAXES
Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately 27.5% and 24.9%, respectively. The year-over-year increase in our effective tax rate was driven by share-based compensation shortfalls, unfavorable changes in uncertain tax positions and a non-deductible expense related to a regulatory matter.
We have recognized liabilities for uncertain tax positions and we reevaluate these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. A number of years may elapse before an uncertain tax position is audited and ultimately settled. It is difficult to predict the ultimate outcome or the timing of resolution for uncertain tax positions. It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months, however, an estimate of the range of reasonably possible outcomes cannot be made. Items that may cause changes to unrecognized tax benefits include the allowance or disallowance of deductions, the timing of deductions and the allocation of income and expense between tax jurisdictions. Changes could result from the settlement of ongoing litigation, the completion of ongoing examinations, the expiration of statutes of limitations or other unforeseen circumstances.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 17. TRANSFORMATION COSTS
We are undertaking an enterprise-wide transformation of our organization that includes initiatives, as well as changes in processes and technology, that impact global direct and indirect operating costs. In 2023, we announced our "fit to serve" initiative, which is intended to right-size our business for the future through a workforce reduction of approximately 12,000 positions and create a more efficient operating model to enhance responsiveness to changing market dynamics. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, an accrual for separation costs of $87 and $205 million, respectively, was included in our consolidated balance sheets, all of which we expect to pay during 2024.
The table below presents transformation costs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in millions):

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Transformation Costs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits |  |  |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | (12) |
Other expenses |  |  |  |  | 15 |  |  | 15 |
Total Transformation Costs |  |  |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Income Tax Benefit from Transformation Costs |  |  |  |  | (11) |  |  | — |
After-Tax Transformation Costs |  |  |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 3 |

The income tax effects of transformation costs are calculated by multiplying the amount of the adjustments by the statutory tax rates applicable in each tax jurisdiction.
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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
Through our Customer First, People Led, Innovation Driven strategy we are investing to grow in the premium parts of the market and drive efficiency across our network. We are focused on the parts of the market that value our end-to-end integrated network, including healthcare, commercial shippers and small- and medium-sized businesses ("SMBs"). Through our Network of the Future initiative, we are transforming our network by combining physical and digital capabilities, including our smart package smart facility RFID solution, to streamline our operations. We are also leveraging technology to add new capabilities and expand our addressable market.
During the first quarter, we took a number of steps in furtherance of this strategy. For example, we expanded our no box, no label returns service that combines the reach and capabilities of The UPS Store and Happy Returns, and we launched Roadie XD, adding capabilities for big and bulky long-zone deliveries for items that are incompatible with our small package network. Additionally, we continued to develop capabilities to enhance our SMB customer experience. In furtherance of our healthcare strategy, we opened a new facility at our global air hub specifically designed for complex healthcare shipments. For the remainder of 2024, we expect to continue investment in our network to drive further operational efficiencies.
On April 1, 2024, we announced that we entered into an agreement to expand our relationship with the U.S. Postal Service ("USPS"), providing for UPS to become the USPS primary air cargo provider within the United States.
We have two reportable segments: U.S. Domestic Package and International Package, which are together referred to as our global small package operations. Our remaining businesses are reported as Supply Chain Solutions.
During the first quarter of 2024, the macroeconomic environment remained challenging. Persistent soft demand, lack of growth in industrial production and continuing inflationary pressures contributed to volume declines in our global small package operations, although we experienced pockets of growth in certain markets and trade lanes. In Supply Chain Solutions, our freight forwarding businesses continued to be negatively impacted by soft demand and market overcapacity. Somewhat offsetting this was increased revenue in our logistics businesses, driven by growth in our healthcare operations and the impact of the acquisition of MNX Global Logistics in the fourth quarter of 2023.
We expect our second quarter earnings to be lower relative to 2023, primarily due to the higher labor costs associated with the first year of the Teamsters contract. However, we anticipate a return to operating profit growth during the second half of 2024.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Highlights of our consolidated results, which are discussed in more detail below, include:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ |  | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue (in millions) | $ | 21,706 |  |  | $ | 22,925 |  |  | $ | (1,219) |  |  | (5.3) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses (in millions) | 20,093 |  |  | 20,384 |  |  | (291) |  |  | (1.4) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Profit (in millions) | $ | 1,613 |  |  | $ | 2,541 |  |  | $ | (928) |  |  | (36.5) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Margin | 7.4 | % |  | 11.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income (in millions) | $ | 1,113 |  |  | $ | 1,895 |  |  | $ | (782) |  |  | (41.3) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic Earnings Per Share | $ | 1.30 |  |  | $ | 2.20 |  |  | $ | (0.90) |  |  | (40.9) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted Earnings Per Share | $ | 1.30 |  |  | $ | 2.19 |  |  | $ | (0.89) |  |  | (40.6) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Days | 63 |  |  | 64 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average Daily Package Volume (in thousands) | 21,199 |  |  | 21,989 |  |  |  |  | (3.6) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average Revenue Per Piece | $ | 13.73 |  |  | $ | 13.74 |  |  | $ | (0.01) |  |  | (0.1) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

•Average daily package volume in our global small package operations decreased, with declines in both commercial and residential shipments across all of our product segments. These declines were primarily the result of the challenging macroeconomic conditions.
•Revenue declined as well, driven by lower volume and relatively flat revenue per piece.
•Operating expenses decreased, due to a reduction in purchased transportation in all segments and reductions in fuel expenses in our small package operations, as well as the impact of our ongoing productivity initiatives.
•Operating profit and operating margin decreased as revenue declines were greater than operating expense reductions.
•We reported net income of $1.1 billion and diluted earnings per share of $1.30. Adjusted diluted earnings per share were $1.43 after adjusting for the after-tax impacts of:
◦transformation and other costs of $75 million, or $0.09 per diluted share, and
◦asset impairment charges of $35 million, or $0.04 per diluted share.
Within our segments, U.S. Domestic Package revenues and expenses were primarily impacted by the matters described above, with expense decreases partially offset by increases in union workforce compensation and benefits expense.
International Package segment revenues were also impacted by declines in demand related surcharges and currency fluctuations, partially offset by revenue per piece growth due to increases in base rates and changes in product and customer mix.
In Supply Chain Solutions, revenue decreases were driven by volume and market rate declines in Forwarding, somewhat offset by growth in our Logistics businesses. Expenses decreased primarily due to lower purchased transportation expense in Forwarding, partially offset by expense increases within Logistics.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Supplemental Information - Items Affecting Comparability
We supplement the reporting of our financial information determined under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") with certain non-GAAP financial measures. Non-GAAP financial measures exclude costs or charges that we do not consider a part of underlying business performance when monitoring and evaluating the operating performance of our business units, making decisions to allocate resources or in determining incentive compensation awards. As a result, we believe excluding the impact of these items better enables users of our financial statements to view and evaluate underlying business performance from the perspective of management.
Adjusted financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not as an alternative for, our reported results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our adjusted financial measures do not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting and therefore may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Adjusted amounts reflect the following (in millions):

|  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
Non-GAAP Adjustments |  |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transformation and Other Costs |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Asset Impairment Charges |  |  |  |  |  | 48 |  |  | 8 |
Total Adjustments to Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 134 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Total Adjustments to Income Before Income Taxes |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 134 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Income Tax (Benefit) Expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transformation and Other Costs |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (11) |  |  | $ | — |
Asset Impairment Charges |  |  |  |  |  | (13) |  |  | (2) |
Total Adjustments to Income Tax (Benefit) Expense |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (24) |  |  | $ | (2) |
Total Adjustments to Net Income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 9 |

The income tax impacts of these items are calculated at the statutory tax rates applicable in each tax jurisdiction.
Transformation and Other Costs, and Asset Impairment Charges
We supplement the presentation of our operating profit, operating margin, income before income taxes, net income and earnings per share with non-GAAP measures that exclude the impact of charges related to transformation and other activities, and asset impairments. For more information regarding transformation activity charges, see note 17 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements, for other charges, see note 11 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements, and for asset impairment charges, see note 8 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Medical Plan Gains and Losses
We incur certain employment-related expenses associated with pension and postretirement medical benefits. These pension and postretirement medical benefits costs for company-sponsored defined benefit plans are calculated using various actuarial assumptions and methodologies, including discount rates, expected returns on plan assets, healthcare cost trend rates, inflation, compensation increase rates, mortality rates and coordination of benefits with plans not sponsored by UPS. Actuarial assumptions are reviewed on an annual basis, unless circumstances require an interim remeasurement of any of our plans.
We recognize changes in the fair value of plan assets and net actuarial gains and losses in excess of a 10% corridor (defined as 10% of the greater of the fair value of plan assets or the plan's projected benefit obligation), as well as gains and losses resulting from plan curtailments and settlements, for our pension and postretirement defined benefit plans immediately as part of Investment income and other in the statements of consolidated income. We supplement the presentation of our income before income taxes, net income and earnings per share with adjusted measures that exclude the impact of these gains and losses and the related income tax effects. We believe excluding these defined benefit pension and postretirement medical plan gains and losses provides important supplemental information by removing the volatility associated with plan amendments and short-term changes in market interest rates, equity values and similar factors.
For additional information, see note 7 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Results of Operations - Segment Review
The results and discussions that follow are reflective of how management monitors and evaluates the performance of our segments as defined in note 13 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
Certain operating expenses are allocated between our reporting segments using activity-based costing methods. These activity-based costing methods require us to make estimates that impact the amount of each expense category that is attributed to each segment. Changes in these estimates would directly impact the amount of expense allocated to each segment and therefore the operating profit of each reporting segment. Our allocation methodologies are refined periodically, or as necessary to reflect changes in our businesses. While there were no significant changes to our allocation methodologies in the first quarter of 2024, we expect additional air cargo volumes from our recently-announced agreement with the USPS will result in a greater share of air network expense being allocated to Supply Chain Solutions beginning in the second quarter of 2024.
As a normal part of managing our air network, we routinely idle aircraft and engines temporarily for maintenance or to adjust network capacity. As a result of the reduction in volumes experienced during the quarter, we temporarily idled certain aircraft within our network in order to better match capacity with current demand. Temporarily idled assets are classified as held-and-used, and we continue to record depreciation expense for these assets. As of March 31, 2024, we had eight aircraft temporarily idled for an average period of approximately two months. We expect these aircraft to return to revenue service during 2024.
We test goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually at July 1 and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate that it is more likely than not that the carrying value thereof may be impaired. Testing goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment requires that we make a number of significant assumptions, including assumptions related to future revenues, costs, capital expenditures, working capital, our cost of capital and market comparables. We are also required to make assumptions relating to our overall business and operating strategy, and the regulatory and market environment.
Challenging macroeconomic and uncertain geopolitical conditions continue to impact demand for our services. While we do not believe it is more likely than not that our reporting units’ fair values are less than their carrying values as of March 31, 2024, these external conditions or other factors, including market comparables, may negatively impact certain estimates and assumptions that we use in developing our reporting units' fair values. Such impacts may be more pronounced for reporting units whose fair values do not significantly exceed their carrying values.
As of March 31, 2024, none of our reporting units had indications that an impairment was more likely than not. Approximately $1.5 billion of our consolidated goodwill balance of $4.8 billion is represented by our Global Freight Forwarding, Coyote and Roadie reporting units which, based on our quarterly monitoring, are exhibiting a limited excess of fair value above carrying value and reflect a greater risk of an impairment occurring in future periods. We do not expect any impairment would have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Actual reporting unit performance, revisions to our forecasts of future performance, market factors, changes in estimates or assumptions in connection with our annual testing, or a combination thereof could result in an impairment charge in one or more of our reporting units during a future period. We continue to monitor business performance and external factors affecting our reporting units.
Additionally, as of March 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the indefinite-lived trade name associated with our truckload brokerage business, Coyote, remained greater than its carrying value by less than 10 percent. The carrying value of this trade name is $89 million. During the quarter, our truckload brokerage business continued to be negatively impacted by market conditions, which resulted in revenue declines. We continue to monitor business performance and external factors affecting our valuation assumptions for this trade name. As previously disclosed, we are continuing to evaluate strategic alternatives relating to this business.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
U.S. Domestic Package

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change |  |  |  |
2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ |  | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average Daily Package Volume (in thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Next Day Air | 1,590 |  |  | 1,737 |  |  |  |  | (8.5) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred | 1,047 |  |  | 1,139 |  |  |  |  | (8.1) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ground | 15,438 |  |  | 15,796 |  |  |  |  | (2.3) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Average Daily Package Volume | 18,075 |  |  | 18,672 |  |  |  |  | (3.2) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average Revenue Per Piece: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Next Day Air | $ | 23.12 |  |  | $ | 22.14 |  |  | $ | 0.98 |  |  | 4.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred | 17.53 |  |  | 16.38 |  |  | 1.15 |  |  | 7.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ground | 11.07 |  |  | 11.21 |  |  | (0.14) |  |  | (1.2) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Average Revenue Per Piece | $ | 12.50 |  |  | $ | 12.54 |  |  | $ | (0.04) |  |  | (0.3) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Days in Period | 63 |  |  | 64 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Next Day Air | $ | 2,316 |  |  | $ | 2,461 |  |  | $ | (145) |  |  | (5.9) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred | 1,156 |  |  | 1,194 |  |  | (38) |  |  | (3.2) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ground | 10,762 |  |  | 11,332 |  |  | (570) |  |  | (5.0) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Revenue | $ | 14,234 |  |  | $ | 14,987 |  |  | $ | (753) |  |  | (5.0) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses | $ | 13,409 |  |  | $ | 13,521 |  |  | $ | (112) |  |  | (0.8) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transformation Costs | (9) |  |  | (22) |  |  | 13 |  |  | (59.1) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset Impairment Charges | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | N/A |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Operating Expense | $ | 13,395 |  |  | $ | 13,499 |  |  | $ | (104) |  |  | (0.8) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Profit (in millions) and Operating Margin: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Profit | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | 1,466 |  |  | $ | (641) |  |  | (43.7) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Operating Profit | $ | 839 |  |  | $ | 1,488 |  |  | $ | (649) |  |  | (43.6) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Margin | 5.8 | % |  | 9.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Operating Margin | 5.9 | % |  | 9.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Revenue
The change in revenue was due to the following:

| Volume |  | Rates / Product Mix |  | Fuel Surcharge |  | Total Revenue Change
Revenue Change Drivers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First quarter 2024 vs. 2023 | (4.2) | % |  | 0.4 | % |  | (1.2) | % |  | (5.0) | %

Revenue was also negatively impacted by having one less operating day in the first quarter of 2024.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Volume
Average daily volume decreased, with reductions in both residential and commercial volume. Challenging macroeconomic conditions, including weakness in manufacturing output, drove the overall volume decline. We anticipate that year-over-year average daily volume will increase each quarter for the remainder of 2024.
Business-to-consumer volume declined 1.5% in the quarter as a result of the factors discussed above, with declines from both large customers and SMBs.
Business-to-business volume declined 5.5% in the quarter for the reasons described above, driven by declines across a number of sectors including retail, technology and manufacturing. Returns volume increased in the quarter, partially attributable to our addressable market expansion with capabilities like no box, no label returns through Happy Returns and the convenience of our The UPS Store locations.
Within our Air products, average daily volume decreases were driven by continued execution under the contract terms with our largest customer as planned, as well as by the impact of other customers making cost trade-offs to our ground network.
Average daily volumes for Ground commercial shipments decreased by 5.6%, due to the general economic conditions discussed above. Overall Ground residential volumes were relatively flat, as the decreases were offset by a 10.8% increase in SurePost volume from large customers. We expect volume to increase in the second quarter, driven by anticipated volume from large customers.
Revenue Per Piece
In December 2023, we implemented an average 5.9% net increase in base and accessorial rates for both our Air and Ground products. Revenue per piece from our Air products increased for the quarter, while revenue per piece from our Ground products declined. The increase in base and accessorial rates favorably impacted revenue per piece from both Air and Ground products, although it was partially offset by decreases in fuel surcharge revenues and average billable weight per piece, coupled with an unfavorable shift in product mix within our Ground products.
We continue to execute on pricing and revenue quality initiatives within our strategy, and anticipate revenue per piece will remain relatively flat in the second quarter before returning to growth during the second half of 2024.
Fuel Surcharges
We apply a fuel surcharge on our domestic air and ground services that adjusts weekly. Our air fuel surcharge is based on the U.S. Department of Energy's ("DOE") Gulf Coast spot price for a gallon of kerosene-type fuel, and our ground fuel surcharge is based on the DOE's On-Highway Diesel Fuel price.
Fuel surcharge revenue decreased $184 million for the quarter, driven by reductions in price per gallon and the impact of lower volumes. We expect fuel surcharge revenue to increase in the second quarter, primarily due to volume growth and the impact of higher surcharge modifiers.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses and adjusted operating expenses decreased for the quarter. The costs of operating our integrated air and ground network decreased $291 million, and other operating costs decreased $224 million. In addition to the impact of one less operating day in 2024, the decrease in operating expenses was primarily due to:
•A reduction in purchased transportation costs and aircraft block hours, resulting from lower overall volumes and the impact of network optimization initiatives, which drove a reduction in ground volume handled by third-party carriers.
•Lower fuel expense driven by lower volume and decreases in the price of jet fuel, diesel and gasoline. We expect fuel expense to remain relatively flat in the second quarter of 2024.
These reductions were partially offset by increases of $311 million in pickup and delivery costs and $100 million in sortation costs that were driven by increased compensation and benefits expense for our union workforce. Compensation expense increased due to the contractual rates under our Teamsters contract, partially offset by a reduction in direct labor hours. Contractual rate increases for contributions to multiemployer benefit plans drove the increase in benefits expense.
Total cost per piece increased 4.2% for the quarter and adjusted cost per piece increased 4.1%, as the reduction in volume more than offset the decrease in overall expenses. We anticipate the cost per piece growth rate will increase further in the second quarter and then moderate for the remainder of the year.
Operating Profit and Margin
As a result of the factors described above, revenue declines were greater than operating expense reductions and operating profit decreased $641 million in the first quarter, with operating margin decreasing 400 basis points to 5.8%. Adjusted operating profit decreased $649 million, with adjusted operating margin decreasing 400 basis points to 5.9%.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
International Package

|  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ |  | %
Average Daily Package Volume (in thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,503 |  |  | 1,635 |  |  |  |  | (8.1) | %
Export |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,621 |  |  | 1,682 |  |  |  |  | (3.6) | %
Total Average Daily Package Volume |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,124 |  |  | 3,317 |  |  |  |  | (5.8) | %
Average Revenue Per Piece: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 8.01 |  |  | $ | 7.59 |  |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  | 5.5 | %
Export |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32.80 |  |  | 33.00 |  |  | (0.20) |  |  | (0.6) | %
Total Average Revenue Per Piece |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 20.87 |  |  | $ | 20.47 |  |  | $ | 0.40 |  |  | 2.0 | %
Operating Days in Period |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 63 |  |  | 64 |  |  |  |  |
Revenue (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 758 |  |  | $ | 794 |  |  | $ | (36) |  |  | (4.5) | %
Export |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,350 |  |  | 3,552 |  |  | (202) |  |  | (5.7) | %
Cargo and Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 148 |  |  | 197 |  |  | (49) |  |  | (24.9) | %
Total Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,256 |  |  | $ | 4,543 |  |  | $ | (287) |  |  | (6.3) | %
Operating Expenses (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,600 |  |  | $ | 3,715 |  |  | $ | (115) |  |  | (3.1) | %
Transformation Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (24) |  |  | 22 |  |  | (46) |  |  | N/A
Asset Impairment Charges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | N/A
Adjusted Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,574 |  |  | $ | 3,737 |  |  | $ | (163) |  |  | (4.4) | %
Operating Profit (in millions) and Operating Margin: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 656 |  |  | $ | 828 |  |  | $ | (172) |  |  | (20.8) | %
Adjusted Operating Profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 682 |  |  | $ | 806 |  |  | $ | (124) |  |  | (15.4) | %
Operating Margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15.4 | % |  | 18.2 | % |  |  |  |
Adjusted Operating Margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16.0 | % |  | 17.7 | % |  |  |  |
Currency Benefit / (Cost) – (in millions)*: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (25) |  |  |
Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2) |  |  |
Operating Profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (27) |  |  |
* Net of currency hedging; amount represents the change in currency translation compared to the prior year.

Revenue
The change in revenue was due to the following:

| Volume |  | Rates / Product Mix |  | Fuel Surcharge |  | Currency |  | Total Revenue Change
Revenue Change Drivers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First quarter 2024 vs. 2023 | (6.0) | % |  | 1.6 | % |  | (1.3) | % |  | (0.6) | % |  | (6.3) | %

Revenue was also negatively impacted by having one less operating day in the first quarter of 2024.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Volume
Average daily volume for both export and domestic products decreased in the quarter. Business-to-consumer volume decreased 11.1% and business-to-business volume decreased 3.7%. Challenging economic conditions and geopolitical factors contributed to the volume declines. Volume declines were primarily attributable to SMBs, although volume from large customers also declined, with declines driven by the retail and manufacturing sectors, while the technology sector exhibited moderate volume growth. We expect year-over-year average daily volume to be relatively flat in the second quarter and to improve in the second half of the year, dependent on an improvement in global macroeconomic conditions.
Export volume decreased for the quarter, primarily driven by declines on intra-Europe trade lanes. These declines were partially offset by increases on the Americas to U.S. trade lanes, as manufacturing and distribution moves closer to the U.S. consumer market. We also experienced volume improvements on the China to U.S. trade lane during the quarter. The intra-Europe volume decline was primarily due to lower consumer spending as a result of economic conditions.
Our premium products experienced volume declines of 9.6% for the quarter, primarily in our Worldwide and Transborder Express Saver products. These declines resulted from continuing shifts in customer product preferences. Volume in our non-premium products decreased 1.6% for the quarter, driven by declines in our Transborder Standard product, primarily within Europe. The declines in both our premium and non-premium products were due to the macroeconomic conditions described above.
Domestic volume declined in the quarter, with the largest declines in Germany, Canada and the United Kingdom as challenging economic conditions in those countries reduced consumer spending.
Revenue Per Piece
In December 2023, we implemented an average 5.9% net increase in base and accessorial rates for international shipments originating in the United States. Rate changes for shipments originating outside the U.S. are made throughout the year and vary by geographic market.
Total revenue per piece increased 2.0% for the quarter, primarily due to base rate increases. This was partially offset by declines in fuel and demand-related surcharges, as well as unfavorable currency movements. Excluding the impact of currency, revenue per piece increased 2.5% for the quarter. We anticipate overall revenue per piece growth will be relatively flat in the second quarter and will decline in the second half of the year due to the continued shift to non-premium products.
Export revenue per piece decreased 0.6% for the quarter. The decrease was primarily attributable to changes in product mix due to the shifts in customer preferences. Declines in revenue per piece were mostly offset by base rate increases. Excluding the impact of currency, export revenue per piece remained flat relative to last year.
Domestic revenue per piece increased 5.5% for the quarter, primarily due to the rate increases discussed above. Excluding the impact of currency, domestic revenue per piece increased 6.1% for the quarter.
Fuel Surcharges
The fuel surcharge we apply to international air services originating inside or outside the U.S. is largely indexed to the DOE's Gulf Coast spot price for a gallon of kerosene-type jet fuel. The fuel surcharges for ground services originating outside the U.S. are indexed to fuel prices in the region or country where the shipment originates.
Total international fuel surcharge revenue decreased $59 million for the quarter, due to a decrease in price per gallon and volume declines, partially offset by higher surcharge modifiers. Based on our current commodity market outlook, we expect fuel surcharge revenue will increase in the second quarter.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses and adjusted operating expenses decreased for the quarter, primarily due to:
•Reductions in the cost of operating our integrated air and ground network, which decreased $125 million, driven by lower fuel prices and reductions in air charters and aircraft block hours.
•Lower pickup and delivery costs, which decreased $22 million as a result of lower volumes and the impact of cost management initiatives.
On an unadjusted basis, these reductions were partially offset by the impact of year-over-year increases in employee separation costs as we continued to right-size our business.
Operating Profit and Margin
As a result of the factors described above, operating profit decreased $172 million for the quarter, with operating margin decreasing 280 basis points to 15.4%. Adjusted operating profit decreased $124 million and adjusted operating margin decreased 170 basis points to 16.0%.
Increased geopolitical uncertainty continues to impact volumes in our International Package segment. As previously disclosed, substantially all of our operations in Russia and Belarus have been suspended, and we expect to complete the liquidation of our Small Package and Forwarding and Logistics subsidiaries in these countries by end of 2024. Substantially all of our operations in Ukraine remain indefinitely suspended. These actions have not had, and are not expected to have, a material impact on us.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Supply Chain Solutions

|  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ |  | %
Revenue (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forwarding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,280 |  |  | $ | 1,514 |  |  | $ | (234) |  |  | (15.5) | %
Logistics |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,542 |  |  | 1,410 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 9.4 | %
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 394 |  |  | 471 |  |  | (77) |  |  | (16.3) | %
Total Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,216 |  |  | $ | 3,395 |  |  | $ | (179) |  |  | (5.3) | %
Operating Expenses (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,084 |  |  | $ | 3,148 |  |  | $ | (64) |  |  | (2.0) | %
Transformation and Other Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (53) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (50) |  |  | N/M
Asset Impairment Charges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (41) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (33) |  |  | 412.5 | %
Adjusted Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,990 |  |  | $ | 3,137 |  |  | $ | (147) |  |  | (4.7) | %
Operating Profit (in millions) and Operating Margin: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 247 |  |  | $ | (115) |  |  | (46.6) | %
Adjusted Operating Profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 258 |  |  | $ | (32) |  |  | (12.4) | %
Operating Margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.1 | % |  | 7.3 | % |  |  |  |
Adjusted Operating Margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7.0 | % |  | 7.6 | % |  |  |  |
Currency Benefit / (Cost) – (in millions)*: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  |
Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |
Operating Profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  |
* Amount represents the change in currency translation compared to the prior year.

|  |  |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ |  | %
Adjustments to Operating Expenses (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transformation and Other Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forwarding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | 600.0 | %
Logistics |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 200.0 | %
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |  |  | N/A
Total Transformation and Other Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | N/M
Asset Impairment Charges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forwarding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | (100.0) | %
Logistics |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | N/A
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Total Asset Impairment Charges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | 412.5 | %
Total Adjustments to Operating Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | 754.5 | %

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenue
Total revenue in Supply Chain Solutions decreased for the quarter. This was primarily due to declines in our Forwarding business, with both truckload brokerage and freight forwarding revenues decreasing, and declines within certain of our other businesses. These declines were partially offset by revenue growth in our Logistics businesses.
•Revenue in our truckload brokerage business decreased $148 million due to lower volumes and a decline in market rates. These decreases were partially offset by volume increases from SMBs as a result of our revenue quality initiatives.
•International airfreight revenue decreased approximately $53 million due to continued weakness in market demand, impacting both volumes and rates. We expect improvements in market demand and tightening capacity, particularly on Asia export lanes, which are expected to lead to revenue growth in the second half of 2024.
•The remaining reduction in revenue was primarily attributable to our ocean freight forwarding business, driven by a change in product mix that drove growth in volume but at lower rates. We expect revenue to remain challenged in the second quarter as capacity increases are expected to continue to exceed demand.
Within our Logistics businesses, revenue increased $132 million. The acquisition of MNX Global Logistics in the fourth quarter of 2023 contributed $90 million of the increase, with the remainder driven by growth in clinical trials and pharmaceuticals within our healthcare operations. Revenue in mail services remained relatively flat as rate increases and a favorable shift in product characteristics were offset by a decrease in volume.
Revenue from other businesses within Supply Chain Solutions decreased, driven by a reduction of $69 million from lower volumes under contracts with the USPS. Revenue from transition services provided to the acquirer of UPS Freight declined $34 million as we continue to wind down these arrangements. These reductions were partially offset by higher revenue from our digital businesses due to business growth and the impact of the acquisition of Happy Returns in the fourth quarter of 2023. We expect revenue from our other Supply Chain Solutions businesses will increase during the second half of 2024 as this is where we will report the revenue related to the additional air cargo volume under our recently announced agreement with the USPS.
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses and adjusted operating expenses within Supply Chain Solutions decreased for the quarter.
Forwarding operating expenses decreased $229 million, primarily due to a reduction of approximately $196 million in purchased transportation expense as a result of lower market rates across our businesses, and decreased volumes in both the airfreight and truckload brokerage businesses. We expect our operating expenses will increase during the second half of 2024 driven by expected higher volumes.
Logistics operating expenses increased $124 million, driven by the impact of the acquisition of MNX Global Logistics which contributed $88 million of the increase. Expenses in our healthcare operations increased $43 million, primarily due to higher rates for third-party transportation. Operating expenses in mail services were relatively flat. On an unadjusted basis, Logistics operating expenses were also impacted by a charge to write down the value of certain trade names acquired as part of the Bomi Group acquisition.
Expenses in our other Supply Chain Solutions businesses decreased, largely driven by the reduction in transportation costs incurred to fulfill our obligations to the USPS under existing agreements. Costs incurred to procure transportation for, and provide transition services to, the acquirer of UPS Freight also decreased as we continued to wind down these arrangements. These decreases were partially offset by higher operating costs within our digital businesses. On an unadjusted basis, these decreases were offset by the impact of transformation and other costs, including an expense related to a regulatory matter. We expect expenses in our other Supply Chain Solutions businesses will increase during the second half of 2024, as this is where we will report expenses related to the additional air cargo volume under our recently announced agreement with the USPS.
Operating Profit and Margin
As a result of the factors described above, total operating profit decreased $115 million, with operating margin decreasing 320 basis points to 4.1%. On an adjusted basis, operating profit decreased $32 million with adjusted operating margin decreasing 60 basis points to 7.0%.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Consolidated Operating Expenses

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ |  | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Expenses (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation and benefits | $ | 11,639 |  |  | $ | 11,464 |  |  | $ | 175 |  |  | 1.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transformation and Other Costs | (31) |  |  | 12 |  |  | (43) |  |  | N/A |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Compensation and benefits | $ | 11,608 |  |  | $ | 11,476 |  |  | $ | 132 |  |  | 1.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repairs and maintenance | $ | 718 |  |  | $ | 725 |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | (1.0) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 898 |  |  | 834 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 7.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchased transportation | 3,246 |  |  | 3,541 |  |  | (295) |  |  | (8.3) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fuel | 1,060 |  |  | 1,271 |  |  | (211) |  |  | (16.6) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other occupancy | 564 |  |  | 551 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 2.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other expenses | 1,968 |  |  | 1,998 |  |  | (30) |  |  | (1.5) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Other expenses | 8,454 |  |  | 8,920 |  |  | (466) |  |  | (5.2) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transformation and Other Costs | (55) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (40) |  |  | 266.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset Impairment Charges | (48) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (40) |  |  | 500.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Total Other expenses | $ | 8,351 |  |  | $ | 8,897 |  |  | $ | (546) |  |  | (6.1) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Operating Expenses | $ | 20,093 |  |  | $ | 20,384 |  |  | $ | (291) |  |  | (1.4) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Total Operating Expenses | $ | 19,959 |  |  | $ | 20,373 |  |  | $ | (414) |  |  | (2.0) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency (Benefit) / Cost - (in millions)* |  |  |  |  | $ | (18) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
* Amount represents the change in currency translation compared to the prior year. |  |  |  |  |  |

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ |  | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustments to Operating Expenses (in millions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transformation and Other Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefits | 26 |  |  | (17) |  |  | 43 |  |  | N/A |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other expenses | 55 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 266.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Transformation and Other Costs | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | N/M |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset Impairment Charges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other expenses | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | 500.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Adjustments to Operating Expenses | $ | 134 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  | N/M |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Compensation and Benefits
Total compensation and benefits and adjusted total compensation and benefits increased in the first quarter. Compensation costs increased $97 million. The principal factors contributing to the increase were:
•Direct labor costs increased $199 million. Contractual wage rate increases for our U.S. union workforce resulted in an increase in costs of $328 million. This was partially offset by the impact of reductions in U.S. direct labor hours and administrative headcount due to volume declines, which reduced expense by $207 million. The remaining increase was driven by changes in seniority within our workforce. We expect wage rate growth to remain elevated on a year-over-year basis in the second quarter before moderating during the second half of 2024 as a result of the terms of our contract with the Teamsters.
•Management compensation costs decreased $73 million due to a reduction in incentive compensation expense and lower overall headcount.
Benefits costs increased $78 million for the quarter, and increased $35 million on an adjusted basis. The principal factors driving the increase were:
•Accruals for paid time off, payroll taxes and other costs increased $43 million, primarily due to contractual wage rate growth.
•Health and welfare costs increased $39 million, driven by increased contributions to multiemployer plans as a result of contractually-mandated rate increases.
•Workers' compensation expense decreased $29 million due to favorable developments in prior year claims counts.
•Pension and other postretirement benefits expense decreased $12 million as reductions in participating headcount more than offset increases in service costs under Company-sponsored plans due to lower discount rates and benefit increases under the terms of the Teamsters contract.
•Other employee benefits expense increased $37 million due to separation costs incurred as we continued to right-size our business for the future. On an adjusted basis, other employee benefits expense remained relatively flat.
Repairs and Maintenance
The decrease in repairs and maintenance expense was primarily due to the deferral of aircraft engine maintenance, as the declines in volume resulted in the temporary idling of certain aircraft. This was partially offset by an increase in routine repairs to buildings and facilities. We expect these expense trends to continue in the second quarter.
Depreciation and Amortization
We incurred higher depreciation expense as a result of facility automation and expansion projects coming into service. Amortization expense for capitalized software investments in support of our strategic initiatives increased, and we recorded additional amortization expense for intangible assets due to the acquisitions of MNX Global Logistics and Happy Returns in the fourth quarter of 2023.
Purchased Transportation
Third-party transportation expense charged to us by air, ocean and ground carriers decreased for the quarter. The changes were primarily driven by:
•Supply Chain Solutions expense decreased $123 million, driven by volume declines and lower market rates paid for services in our Forwarding businesses. This was partially offset by expense increases in our logistics operations due to business growth and the impact of the acquisition of MNX Global Logistics.
•U.S. Domestic expense decreased $116 million due to overall volume declines, a reduction in ground volume handled by third-party carriers and other network optimization initiatives. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in delivery costs for our SurePost product as a result of higher volume.
•International Package expense decreased $56 million, primarily due to declines in volume.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Fuel
The reduction in fuel expense for the quarter was driven by lower prices for jet fuel, diesel and gasoline, and the impact of lower volumes. Market prices and the manner in which we purchase fuel influence our costs. The majority of our fuel purchases utilize index-based pricing formulas plus or minus a fixed locational/supplier differential. While many of the indices are correlated, each index may respond differently to changes in underlying prices, which in turn can drive variability in our costs.
Other Occupancy
Other occupancy expense increased for the quarter, primarily due to increases in property rents. A decrease in utilities expense as a result of declines in rates and usage was offset by higher costs related to winter weather events.
Other Expenses
Other expenses decreased $30 million for the quarter. We recorded a $41 million charge to write down the value of certain trade names acquired as part of our acquisition of Bomi Group as we consolidate our brands, and a $7 million impairment charge related to software licenses. Additionally, we incurred $55 million of transformation and other costs, including an expense related to a regulatory matter. On an adjusted basis, other expenses decreased $110 million, primarily due to the following:
•A reduction in outsourcing and consulting fees of $50 million driven by a decrease in project-based engagements and higher capitalization of third-party software development costs.
•Reductions in vehicle lease expense of $57 million due to volume declines.
•Claims expense decreased $20 million due to a reduction in the volume of customer claims.
These reductions were partly offset by:
•Credit loss increases of $47 million across our segments as a result of an increased number of customer bankruptcies and increases in reserves.
•RFID supplies for Smart Package Smart Facility increased $30 million as we expanded utilization.
•Hosted software application fees and other technology costs that support ongoing investments in our digital transformation increased $15 million.
Other expense reductions during the quarter were primarily associated with volume declines, including employee-related expenses, airline operational expenses, advertising costs and insurance.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Other Income (Expense)
The following table sets forth investment income and other and interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ |  | % |
Investment Income and Other | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 169 |  |  | $ | (51) |  |  | (30.2) | % |
Interest Expense | (195) |  |  | (188) |  |  | (7) |  |  | 3.7 | % |
Total Other Income (Expense) | $ | (77) |  |  | $ | (19) |  |  | $ | (58) |  |  | 305.3 | % |

Investment Income and Other
Investment income decreased for the quarter, primarily due to a reduction in invested balances and year-over-year changes in certain non-current investments. Other pension income remained flat as higher expected returns on pension assets were offset by an increase in interest cost as a result of plan growth and changes in demographic assumptions.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased for the quarter due to higher average outstanding debt balances, partially offset by an increase in capitalized interest.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Income Tax Expense
The following table sets forth our income tax expense and effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ |  | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income Tax Expense | $ | 423 |  |  | $ | 627 |  |  | $ | (204) |  |  | (32.5) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income Tax Impact of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transformation and Other Costs | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | N/A |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset Impairment Charges | 13 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 550.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Income Tax Expense | $ | 447 |  |  | $ | 629 |  |  | $ | (182) |  |  | (28.9) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Effective Tax Rate | 27.5 | % |  | 24.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted Effective Tax Rate | 26.8 | % |  | 24.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

For additional information on our income tax expense and effective tax rate, see note 16 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We deploy a disciplined and balanced approach to capital allocation, including returns to shareowners through dividends and share repurchases. As of March 31, 2024, we had $4.5 billion in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. We believe that these positions, expected cash from operations, access to commercial paper programs and capital markets and other available liquidity options will be adequate to fund our material short- and long-term cash requirements, including our business operations, planned capital expenditures, pension contributions, planned acquisitions, transformation costs, debt obligations and planned shareowner returns. We regularly evaluate opportunities to optimize our capital structure, including through issuances of debt to refinance existing debt and to fund operations.
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
The following is a summary of the significant sources (uses) of cash from operating activities (in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Net income | $ | 1,113 |  |  | $ | 1,895 |
Non-cash operating activities (1) | 1,308 |  |  | 1,226 |
Pension and postretirement medical benefit plan contributions (company-sponsored plans) | (50) |  |  | (1,277) |
Hedge margin receivables and payables | (8) |  |  | (159) |
Income tax receivables and payables | 257 |  |  | 426 |
Changes in working capital and other non-current assets and liabilities | 696 |  |  | 278 |
Other operating activities | — |  |  | (32) |
Net cash from operating activities | $ | 3,316 |  |  | $ | 2,357 |

(1) Represents depreciation and amortization, gains and losses on derivative transactions and foreign currency exchange, deferred income taxes, allowances for expected credit losses, amortization of operating lease assets, pension and postretirement medical benefit plan (income) expense, stock compensation expense, changes in casualty self-insurance reserves, goodwill and other asset impairment charges and other non-cash items.
Net cash from operating activities increased $959 million for the quarter primarily due to a decrease in contributions to our company-sponsored, defined benefit pension and postretirement medical plans. Net cash was also favorably impacted by:
•A reduction in hedge margin collateral outflows due to changes in the fair value of derivative contracts used in our currency hedging programs.
•Working capital benefits from lower incentive compensation payments and payment of deferred employer payroll taxes in 2023 that did not repeat.
These factors were partially offset by:
•The reduction in net income.
•A decrease in income taxes payable, primarily driven by business performance.
As of March 31, 2024, approximately $2.0 billion of our total worldwide holdings of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities were held by foreign subsidiaries. The amount of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities held by our U.S. and foreign subsidiaries fluctuates throughout the year due to a variety of factors, including the timing of cash receipts, strategic operating needs and disbursements in the normal course of business. Cash provided by operating activities in the U.S. continues to be our primary source of funds to finance domestic operating needs, capital expenditures, share repurchases, pension contributions and dividend payments to shareowners. All cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities held by foreign subsidiaries are generally available for distribution to the U.S. without any U.S. federal income taxes. Any such distributions may be subject to foreign withholding and U.S. state taxes. When amounts earned by foreign subsidiaries are expected to be indefinitely reinvested, no accrual for taxes is provided. As of March 31, 2024, we had $93 million of restricted cash. For more information on restricted cash, see note 1 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Our primary sources (uses) of cash from investing activities were as follows (in millions):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Net cash (used in) from investing activities | $ | 1,566 |  |  | $ | (1,813) |
Capital Expenditures: |  |  |
Buildings, facilities and plant equipment | $ | (327) |  |  | $ | (368) |
Aircraft and parts | (174) |  |  | (71) |
Vehicles | (349) |  |  | (13) |
Information technology | (185) |  |  | (157) |
Total Capital Expenditures | $ | (1,035) |  |  | $ | (609) |
Capital Expenditures as a % of revenue | 4.8 | % |  | 2.7 | %
Other Investing Activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from disposal of businesses, property, plant and equipment | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Net (purchases) sales and maturities of marketable securities | $ | 2,646 |  |  | $ | (1,192) |
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | $ | (44) |  |  | $ | (34) |
Other investing activities | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | 17 |

We have commitments for the purchase of aircraft, vehicles, equipment and real estate to provide for the replacement of existing capacity and anticipated future growth. Future capital spending for anticipated growth and replacement assets will depend on a variety of factors, including economic and industry conditions. Our 2024 investment program anticipates investments in technology initiatives and enhanced network capabilities, including approximately $1.0 billion of projects that support our environmental sustainability goals. It also provides for the maintenance of buildings, facilities and equipment and replacement of certain aircraft within our fleet. We currently expect that our capital expenditures will total approximately $4.5 billion in 2024, of which approximately 50 percent will be allocated to network enhancement projects and other technology initiatives.
For the quarter, total capital expenditures increased, primarily due to:
•Vehicle expenditure increases, driven by the timing of payments and availability of vehicle replacements.
•Information technology expenditure increases due to additional deployments of technology equipment and capitalized software projects.
•Aircraft expenditure increases due to final payments associated with the delivery of aircraft.
These were partially offset by decreased spending on buildings, facilities and plant equipment, driven by the timing of network enhancement projects.
We received cash proceeds of $2.6 billion from the sale of marketable securities due to the liquidation of our portfolio to provide additional resources for short-term and strategic operating needs.
Cash paid for acquisitions in both 2024 and 2023 related to the purchase of development areas for The UPS Store. Other investing activities were impacted by changes in our non-current investments, purchase contract deposits and various other immaterial items.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Our primary sources (uses) of cash from financing activities were as follows (in millions, except per share data):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
2024 |  | 2023
Net cash (used in) from financing activities | $ | (3,666) |  |  | $ | 4 |
Share Repurchases: |  |  |
Cash paid to repurchase shares | $ | — |  |  | $ | (751) |
Number of shares repurchased | — |  |  | (4.1) |
Shares outstanding at period end | 855 |  |  | 859 |
Dividends: |  |  |
Dividends declared per share | $ | 1.63 |  |  | $ | 1.62 |
Cash paid for dividends | $ | (1,348) |  |  | $ | (1,348) |
Borrowings: |  |  |
Net borrowings (repayments) of debt principal | $ | (2,198) |  |  | $ | 2,438 |
Other Financing Activities: |  |  |
Cash received for common stock issuances | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 49 |
Other financing activities | $ | (174) |  |  | $ | (384) |
Capitalization: |  |  |
Total debt outstanding at period end | $ | 20,013 |  |  | $ | 22,188 |
Total shareowners’ equity at period end | 16,933 |  |  | 20,053 |
Total capitalization | $ | 36,946 |  |  | $ | 42,241 |

We did not repurchase any shares under our stock repurchase program during first quarter of 2024, and we do not currently anticipate repurchasing any shares during the remainder of the year. We repurchased 4.1 million shares of class B common stock for $750 million during the first quarter of 2023. For additional information on our share repurchase activities, see note 12 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
The declaration of dividends is subject to the discretion of the Board and depends on various factors, including our net income, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and other relevant factors. In the first quarter, we increased our quarterly cash dividend from $1.62 to $1.63 per share.
There were no issuances of debt during the quarter. Issuances of debt during the first quarter of 2023 consisted of fixed and floating rate senior notes of varying maturities totaling $2.5 billion.
Repayments of debt during the quarter consisted of $2.2 billion of short- and long-term commercial paper as well as scheduled principal payments on our finance lease obligations. In the first quarter of 2023, we made scheduled principal payments on our finance lease obligations and repaid certain amounts assumed in the Bomi Group acquisition.
As of March 31, 2024, we had $1.5 billion of fixed-rate senior notes outstanding that mature in 2024. We intend to repay or refinance these amounts when due. We consider the overall fixed and floating interest rate mix of our portfolio and the related overall cost of borrowing when planning for future issuances and non-scheduled repayments of debt.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The amount of commercial paper outstanding fluctuates based on daily liquidity needs. The following is a summary of our commercial paper program (in millions):

|  |  | Outstanding balance at quarter end ($) |  |  |  | Average balance outstanding ($) |  | Average interest rate
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
USD |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 552 |  |  | 5.45 | %
Total |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |

As of March 31, 2024, we had no outstanding balances under our U.S. or European commercial paper programs.
The variation in cash received from common stock issuances primarily resulted from activity within the UPS 401(k) Savings Plan and our employee stock purchase plan in both the current and comparative period.
Other financing activities includes cash used to repurchase shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations on vested employee stock awards. Cash outflows for this purpose were $177 and $363 million for the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease was driven by changes in required repurchase amounts.
Except as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, we do not have guarantees or other off-balance sheet financing arrangements, including variable interest entities, which we believe could have a material impact on our financial condition or liquidity.
Sources of Credit
See note 9 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our available credit and the financial covenants that we are subject to as part of our credit agreements.
Contractual Commitments
There have been no material changes to the contractual commitments described in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Legal Proceedings and Contingencies
See note 7 and note 11 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements for a discussion of judicial proceedings and other matters arising from the conduct of our business activities, and note 16 for a discussion of income tax related matters.
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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Collective Bargaining Agreements
Status of Collective Bargaining Agreements
See note 7 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the status of our collective bargaining agreements.
Multiemployer Benefit Plans
See note 7 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our participation in multiemployer benefit plans.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
See note 2 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recently adopted accounting standards.
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Effective
See note 2 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements for a discussion of accounting standards issued, but not yet effective.
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Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to market risk from changes in certain commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices. All of these market risks arise in the normal course of business, as we do not engage in speculative trading activities. In order to manage the risk arising from these exposures, we may utilize a variety of commodity, foreign currency exchange and interest rate forward contracts, options and swaps. A discussion of our accounting policies for derivative instruments and further disclosures are provided in note 15 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
The total net fair value asset (liability) of our derivative financial instruments is summarized in the following table (in millions):

| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Currency Derivatives | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | 66 |

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had no outstanding commodity hedge positions.
The information concerning market risk in Item 7A under the caption "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 is incorporated herein by reference.
Our market risks, hedging strategies and financial instrument positions as of March 31, 2024 have not materially changed from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. In the first quarter of 2024, we entered into foreign currency exchange forward contracts on the Euro, British Pound Sterling, Canadian Dollar and Hong Kong Dollar, and had forward contracts expire. The fair value changes between December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2024 in the preceding table are primarily due to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations between those dates.
The foreign currency exchange forward contracts, swaps and options previously discussed contain an element of risk that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreements; however, we seek to minimize such risk exposures for these instruments by limiting the counterparties to banks and financial institutions that meet established credit guidelines and by monitoring counterparty credit risk to prevent concentrations of credit risk with any single counterparty.
We have agreements with all of our active counterparties (covering all of our derivative positions) containing early termination rights and/or bilateral collateral provisions whereby cash is required based on the net fair value of derivatives associated with those counterparties. The majority of these agreements require exchange of collateral when positions exceed $250 million.
Events such as a credit rating downgrade (depending on the ultimate rating level) could also allow us to take additional protective measures such as the early termination of trades. As of March 31, 2024, we held cash collateral of $82 million and were not required to post any collateral with our counterparties under these agreements. We have not historically incurred, and do not expect to incur in the future, any losses as a result of counterparty default.
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Item 4.Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act")). Based upon, and as of the date of, the evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.Legal Proceedings
For a discussion of material legal proceedings affecting the Company, see note 11 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Item 1A.Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in Part 1, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The occurrence of any of the risks described therein could materially affect us, including impacting our business, financial condition, results of operations, stock price or credit rating, as well as our reputation. These risks are not the only ones we face. We could also be materially adversely affected by other events, factors or uncertainties that are unknown to us, or that we do not currently consider to be material.
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Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
In January 2023, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization of $5.0 billion for class A and class B common stock. We do not anticipate repurchasing any shares in 2024. As of March 31, 2024, we had $2.8 billion of this share repurchase authorization available.
For additional information on our share repurchase activities, see note 12 to the unaudited, consolidated financial statements.
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Item 5. Other Information
Insider Trading Arrangements and Policies
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits

3.1 |  | — |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of United Parcel Service, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Form 8-K filed on May 12, 2010).
3.2 |  | — |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of United Parcel Service, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K, filed on May 9, 2023).
10.1 |  | — |  | United Parcel Service, Inc. Key Employee Severance Plan, effective March 20, 2024.*
10.2 |  | — |  | United Parcel Service, Inc. Management Incentive Program Amended and Restated Terms and Conditions, effective March 20, 2024.*
10.3 |  | — |  | United Parcel Service, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Performance Program Amended and Restated Terms and Conditions, effective March 20, 2024.*
10.4 |  | — |  | United Parcel Service, Inc. Stock Option Program Amended and Restated Terms and Conditions, effective March 20, 2024.*
31.1 |  | — |  | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | — |  | Certification of the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 |  | — |  | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | — |  | Certification of the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 |  | — |  | The following unaudited financial information from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 is formatted in Inline XBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Statements of Consolidated Income, (iii) the Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) the Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows, and (v) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 |  | — |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File - The cover page from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 is formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).

__________________________

* | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. (Registrant)
Date: | May 3, 2024 | By: |  | /s/ BRIAN O. NEWMAN
|  |  |  | Brian O. Newman
|  |  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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