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Intangible Assets | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Intangible Assets | Intangible AssetsIdentifiable intangible assets consisted of the following at December 31:
(In millions) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Book Value
2020 |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 15,271 |  |  | $ | 3,668 |  |  | $ | 11,603 |
Acquired software and technology |  | 2,562 |  |  | 879 |  |  | 1,683 |
Trade names |  | 618 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 446 |
Purchased software |  | 913 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 706 |
Capitalized software and other intangibles |  | 1,332 |  |  | 412 |  |  | 920 |
Total |  | $ | 20,696 |  |  | $ | 5,338 |  |  | $ | 15,358 |
(In millions) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Book Value
2019 |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 16,187 |  |  | $ | 2,145 |  |  | $ | 14,042 |
Acquired software and technology |  | 2,607 |  |  | 639 |  |  | 1,968 |
Trade names |  | 620 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 515 |
Purchased software |  | 680 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 507 |
Capitalized software and other intangibles |  | 942 |  |  | 332 |  |  | 610 |
Total |  | $ | 21,036 |  |  | $ | 3,394 |  |  | $ | 17,642 |
Gross software development costs capitalized for new products and enhancements to existing products totaled $462 million, $339 million and $193 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Amortization expense associated with the above identifiable intangible assets was as follows for the years ended December 31:
(In millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Amortization expense |  | $ | 2,563 |  |  | $ | 1,299 |  |  | $ | 347 |
Amortization expense during the year ended December 31, 2020 includes $56 million of accelerated amortization associated with the termination of certain vendor contracts (see Note 17). The Company estimates that annual amortization expense with respect to intangible assets recorded at December 31, 2020 will be as follows:
(In millions) |  |
Year Ending December 31, |
2021 |  | $ | 2,451 |
2022 |  | 2,262 |
2023 |  | 2,010 |
2024 |  | 1,616 |
2025 |  | 1,342 |
Thereafter |  | 5,677 |
Total |  | $ | 15,358 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all or part of the information related to intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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