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Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Identifiable intangible assets consisted of the following:


(In millions)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
September 30, 2021
Customer relationships	$	15,059	$	4,712	$	10,347
Acquired software and technology	2,380		827		1,553
Trade names	614		213		401
Purchased software	1,132		443		689
Capitalized software and other intangibles	1,812		534		1,278
Total	$	20,997	$	6,729	$	14,268


(In millions)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
December 31, 2020
Customer relationships	$	15,271	$	3,668	$	11,603
Acquired software and technology	2,562		879		1,683
Trade names	618		172		446
Purchased software	913		207		706
Capitalized software and other intangibles	1,332		412		920
Total	$	20,696	$	5,338	$	15,358

Amortization expense associated with the above identifiable intangible assets was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Amortization expense	$	642	$	623	$	1,937	$	1,934

Amortization expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 included $18 million and $53 million, respectively, of accelerated amortization associated with the termination of certain vendor contracts (see Note 13).