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Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets Intangible Assets
Identifiable intangible assets consisted of the following at December 31:
(In millions)Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net Book
Value
2021
Customer relationships$15,103 $5,112 $9,991 
Acquired software and technology2,522 901 1,621 
Trade names612 228 384 
Purchased software1,133 479 654 
Capitalized software and other intangibles1,879 520 1,359 
Total$21,249 $7,240 $14,009 
(In millions)Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net Book
Value
2020
Customer relationships$15,271 $3,668 $11,603 
Acquired software and technology2,562 879 1,683 
Trade names618 172 446 
Purchased software913 207 706 
Capitalized software and other intangibles1,332 412 920 
Total$20,696 $5,338 $15,358 
Gross software development costs capitalized for new products and enhancements to existing products totaled $613 million, $462 million and $339 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Amortization expense associated with the above identifiable intangible assets was as follows for the years ended December 31:
(In millions)202120202019
Amortization expense$2,548 $2,563 $1,299 
Amortization expense during the year ended December 31, 2020 includes $56 million of accelerated amortization associated with the termination of certain vendor contracts (see Note 17).
The Company estimates that annual amortization expense with respect to intangible assets recorded at December 31, 2021 will be as follows:
(In millions)
Year Ending December 31,
2022$2,466 
20232,216 
20241,780 
20251,531 
20261,247 
Thereafter4,769 
Total$14,009