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Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets Intangible Assets
Identifiable intangible assets consisted of the following at December 31:
(In millions)Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net Book
Value
2022
Customer relationships$14,795 $6,371 $8,424 
Acquired software and technology2,510 1,234 1,276 
Trade names633 295 338 
Purchased software1,146 595 551 
Capitalized software and other intangibles2,601 775 1,826 
Total$21,685 $9,270 $12,415 
(In millions)Gross
Carrying
Amount		Accumulated
Amortization		Net Book
Value
2021
Customer relationships$15,103 $5,112 $9,991 
Acquired software and technology2,522 901 1,621 
Trade names612 228 384 
Purchased software1,133 479 654 
Capitalized software and other intangibles1,879 520 1,359 
Total$21,249 $7,240 $14,009 
Gross software development costs capitalized for new products and enhancements to existing products totaled $807 million, $613 million and $462 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Amortization expense associated with the above identifiable intangible assets was as follows for the years ended December 31:
(In millions)202220212020
Amortization expense$2,441 $2,548 $2,563 
Amortization expense during the year ended December 31, 2020 includes $56 million of accelerated amortization associated with the termination of certain vendor contracts (see Note 16).
The Company estimates that annual amortization expense with respect to intangible assets recorded at December 31, 2022 will be as follows:
(In millions)
Year Ending December 31,
2023$2,362 
20242,068 
20251,811 
20261,491 
20271,134 
Thereafter3,549 
Total$12,415